Punishment in Australia

1790:

correctional workers. Outsourcing prison services to private companies has allowed for costs to be cut in half. Compared with $ 270 a day in a government-run West Australian jail, each prisoner in the privately operated Acacia facility near Perth costs the taxpayer $ 182. Glushko also says that positive prisoner treatment was observed during privatisation in Australia by including more respectful attitudes to prisoners and mentoring schemes, increased out-of-cell time and more purposeful activities. As Australia’s prison population has grown and existing facilities have aged, public-private partnerships have provided opportunities to build new correctional centers while enabling governments to defer much needed cash flow. Glushko points out that at

2518:(CSI), an arm of the state justice department. Prisoners sew national and state flags and ambulance flags, and paint boomerangs. CSI said in 2017 that 84.9% of NSW inmates who can work, do so. In 2017, NSW prisoners were paid from $ 24.60 to $ 70.55 for a 30-hour work week. This is about $ 0.82 to $ 2.35 per hour, compared to the Australian minimum wage of $ 17.70 per hour. CSI made $ 113 million revenue and $ 46.6 million profit in 2016. CSI said that prison work helped prisoners pass time, and that 1% of their sales went to the Victims Compensation Levy (a government compensation fund for crime victims). 126:. In the June quarter of 2018, there were 42,855 people imprisoned in Australia, which represents an incarceration rate of 222 prisoners per 100,000 adult population, or 172 per 100,000 total population. This represents a sharp increase from previous decades. In 2016-2017 the prison population was not representative of the Australian population, for example, 91% of prisoners were male, while males were only half of the population, and 27% of prisoners were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders, while Indigenous people were only 2.8% of the population. In 2018, 18.4% of prisoners in Australia were held in 1679: 2650:) as well as other figures, said community correctional orders are argued to be significantly cheaper than the cost of private or public incarceration (roughly 10% of the cost of putting people behind bars), "16 per cent of offenders who completed a CCO returned to corrective services within two years" compared to the nearing 50% in traditional prisons. Community-correctional orders CCOs are increasingly commonplace in Victoria and show that crime rates can be meaningfully affected. 42: 1803:

examples in Queensland and Victoria. Western Australia provided much information about the running of private prisons in the state to the public, making it easier to assess performance. However the authors note that in spite of this, overall it is difficult to compare the performance and costs of private and public prisons as they often house different kinds and numbers of prisoners, in different states with different regulations. They note that

7944: 2701: 2551:

per week. The mining union United Voice said that this was akin to "slave labour", that these workers were undercutting other workers, and that if anyone is working in the mines they should be paid at a market rate. Territory Correctional Services Minister John Elferink said the work provided inmates with valuable work experience, because otherwise they would be sitting in a "concrete box".

228: 1174:, a project called Maranguka Justice Reinvestment has police officers meeting with local Indigenous leaders each day, helping to identify at-risk youth, and includes giving free driving lessons to young people. There have been reductions in domestic violence and juvenile offending (such as driving without a license), and an increase in school retention. Project Walwaay in 7956: 1158:(ALRC) in October 2016 to examine the factors leading to the disproportionate numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australian prisons, and to look at ways of reforming legislation which might ameliorate this "national tragedy". The result of this in-depth enquiry was a report titled 2550:

In 2013, NT prisoners were working at a salt mine in remote center of the NT. The prisoners earned about $ 16 per hour, compared to $ 35 for a regular union employee. 5% of earnings went to the Victims Compensation Fund and some funds were deducted for board, and the prisoners had $ 60 spending money

2255:

From 1989-1991 until now, people aged 25–39 have been overall the most represented group in police deaths, followed by people aged under 25, then 40-54 year olds, then people aged 55+. However, as noted above, in 2013-2015 the majority of deaths were people aged over 40. Furthermore from 1989-1990 to

1178:

sees an Aboriginal youth team help to build relationships and engage young people in activities on a Friday night, which is now the second lowest day of crime, compared with being the busiest day before. The activities are also a pathway to the Indigenous Police Recruitment Delivery Our Way (IPROWD),

1055:

In the 30 years from 1988 to 2018, Australia's incarceration rate per 100,000 adults more than doubled. However, since 2018 it has decreased. The highest rate of increase was seen among prisoners on remand (ie: unsentenced, awaiting trial or sentencing), women and Indigenous Australians. From 2012 to

2338:

In 1979-1980, there were only 15 deaths in prison custody. This increased until in 1997-1998 there were 80 deaths in prison custody. Deaths then decreased sharply to 28 in 2005-2006, before rising again to 54 in 2013-2014 and 61 in 2014-2015. In the late 1990s there was a large disparity between the

1780:

In June 2018, an investigation by the ABC revealed high rates of inmate violence, prison guard brutality and overcrowding at Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre in Queensland. At that time, the contract for the prison was up for tender. In 2016, the rate of prisoner assault at the prison was more than

360:

Convicts in the 19th century were subject to forced hard labour, such as quarrying sandstone. William Ulthorne, an English Catholic Bishop described convict labourers in the 1830s: “They are fettered with heavy chains, harassed with heavy work, and fed on salt meat and coarse bread, Their faces are

1802:

found that in general, all states of Australia lacked a comprehensive approach to hold private prisons accountable to the government. The authors said that of all the states, Western Australia had the "most developed regulatory approach" to private prison accountability, as they had learnt from the

2146:

In 2013-2015, there were 149 deaths in custody in Australia, the majority occurred in prison while a minority occurred in police custody. The majority of prisoners who died in prison and police custody were male, over 40 years of age and non-Indigenous. For deaths in immigration detention, see the

1789:

A 2016 article by Anastasia Glushko (a former worker in the private prison sector) argues in favour of privately operated prisons in Australia. According to Glushko, private prisons in Australia have decreased the costs of holding prisoners and increased positive relationships between inmates and

2546:

said "we have been told numerous times that the products that are made by NTCI are sold at a competitive price in the open market. But you're not paying all the overheads of employing people; you're not paying superannuation, you're not paying insurance, you're not paying payroll tax, you're not

1655:

However, these rates are not age-standardised, meaning they do not account for the fact that different groups tend to be younger or older on average. This matters, because teenagers and young adults are much more likely to commit crime than older adults. For instance the Sudanese-born population

412:(ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty outlining the obligations of its parties to respect and promote the civil and political rights of individuals. Article 6 of the ICCPR states the death penalty may only be used in countries that have not abolished capital punishment for the severest of crimes. The 1099:

In 2021 the female imprisoned population in Australia was 7.7% of the total adults who are incarcerated. The percentage of the total female prison population rose from 7.2% of the population in 2000 to 12.8% in 2021 (from 1,385 to 3,302 per 100,000), based on the national population (with these

2240:

From 2008-2018, 56% of Indigenous people who died in custody had not been found guilty. They were on remand, died while fleeing police or during arrest, or were in protective custody. A majority were suspected of non-indictable offences, which typically carry sentences of less than five years.

1404:

As of June 2022, the Northern Territory had by the country's highest incarceration rate at 1,027 per 100,000 adult population, which is over five times the incarceration rate of the country overall and an increase from 2017, when the territory's incarceration rate was 878 per 100,000. With the

419:

In Australia the second optional protocol to the ICCPR has been signed and ratified into domestic law. This is seen through the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Act 2010. The act fully abolished the death penalty and effectively ensured no state or

1674:

is of indeterminate length. The sentencing judge usually sets a non-parole period after which the prisoner can apply for release under parole conditions, or in the case of a criminal who has committed particularly heinous crimes, the sentencing judge may order that the person is "never to be

2525:

were assembling computers. The identity of the company using this labour was unknown, but CSI overseer Jasvinder Oberai said that the program provided inmates with work experience, that PC parts came from government donations and the assembled PCs were given back to government departments.

460:

As of August 2020, the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children reports that "Prohibition is still to be achieved in the home in all states/territories and in alternative care settings, day care, schools and penal institutions in some states/territories".

2547:

paying all those expenses associated with employing someone and that is a big saving." The NT Corrections Commissioner Mark Payne denied that prison labour is competing with local businesses, and that if they think they are competing, they stop doing that work.

2119: 1794:

in Victoria, the operator is compensated on the basis of the recidivism rate, and this strategy may make the operator more concerned about the wellbeing of its inmates after prison which in return would benefit the entire Australian correctional system.

413: 2138:, against 26 former child detainees. The alleged crimes span from recent years back to the 1970s. In September 2021, it was announced that Ashley Youth Detention Centre would close within three years, and be replaced by two new facilities. 472:

Each state and territory runs its own department to oversee correctional services; for example the South Australian Department for Correctional Services is responsible for prisoners and the provision of the rehabilitation opportunities in

106:

had their own traditional punishments, some of which are still practised. The most severe punishment by law which can be imposed in Australia is life imprisonment. In the most extreme cases of murder, and some severe sex offences, such as

1536:

Federal prisoners are persons sentenced under commonwealth (federal) law, or transferred from another country to serve their sentence in Australia. In June 2022 there were 1,390 federal prisoners serving sentences in Australia.

1106:, founder of Sisters Inside, is a well-known advocate for prison reform for female prisoners, who has noted several ways in which the current criminal justice system has failed in its mission to punish and rehabilitate women. 5746: 3040: 2657:

also found that in the short term, for a certain kind of prisoner (comprising roughly 15% of prisoners in Victoria), dealing with them via community corrections orders had similar outcomes to prison but was 9 times cheaper.

4478: 2599:

In the June 2018, there were 69,397 people in community corrections, an increase of 1,406 (4%) from June 2017. 55,867 (81%) were male and all of the remainder were female (Australia allows people to legally register as

2033:

decided to investigate the matter. Calls to increase the minimum age have increased in recent years. Doctors, lawyers, and a range of experts have called for the minimum age to be raised to 14. Among other bodies, the

2541:

In 2015, NTCI made $ 20 revenue and $ 2 million profit. In 2016, concerns were raised that prison labour in the NT was competing unfairly with private businesses and taking jobs away from free people. NT lawmaker

1084:. In addition, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and women with disabilities are disproportionately represented in the statistics. Until amendments to legislation were introduced in 2020, many women in 2133:

by former child detainees. One former worker was accused of abusing 11 children over the course of 3 decades. Another former staff member was accused of using sexual violence and intimidation, including forced

160:. It has been stated the different purposes make little practical difference between immigration detention and imprisonment, and that detainees often experience immigration detention as if it were punishment. 2232:

in 1987, which delivered its report in 1991. However, in general there has been a lack of action on reports into deaths, including a failure to implement the recommendations of the 1987 royal commission, and

5070: 6608: 4611: 5696: 1166:

on 28 March 2018. The report listed 13 recommendations, covering many aspects of the legal framework and police and justice procedures, including that fine default should not result in the imprisonment.

2268:. The rate of deaths per 100,000 prisoners was 0.16 for sentenced prisoners (ie prisoners who were convicted and serving a sentence) and 0.18 for unsentenced prisoners (ie: in prison awaiting trial). 1502:

The Australia Bureau of Statistics classifies prisoners (sentenced and unsentenced) according to the "most serious" crime with which they are charged. In 2022, statistics for charges were as follows:

7551: 1545:

Overall, foreign-born people are less likely to be imprisoned than people born in Australia. In 2017, foreign-born people were 35% of the adult population, but only 18% of the prison population.

3189: 2462:

From 2000-2018 there have been dozens of deaths in immigration detention, many from suicide. Additionally, some people have died after being released, for reasons connected with being detained.

5724: 4699: 6620: 6590: 4736: 1139:

population in Australia aged 18 years and over was approximately 2%, while Indigenous prisoners accounted for 32 percent of the adult prison population. As of August 2022, 40 per cent of

2045:

voted to increase the age of criminal responsibility to 14 in line with UN standards, a move welcomed by Indigenous advocates. The support is in principle only, and dependent upon the

405:

The various states and territories all formally legally abolished capital punishment in their laws, with the first being Queensland in 1922 and the last being New South Wales in 1985.

4593: 7399: 6419: 5738: 293:, as the founding site for British colonisation Australia in 1788, has had prisons for as long as Australia has had European settlement. The first Australian colony was founded at 4486: 3420: 6334: 409: 5530: 6722: 5647: 5044: 1183:

NSW, which encourages young people to become police officers. This was first run in Dubbo in 2008 and has now been expanded to other locations across the state. Since 2021,

2118:, then a minor, had his face covered with a spit hood and was strapped into a mechanical restraint chair for 2 hours. As a result the Australian government established the 6632: 6560: 6155: 2607:

In June 2013 there were 57,354 people in community corrections. From 2013 to 2018, females serving community corrections orders increased by 40% compared to males by 26%.

2229: 5169: 2228:

Indigenous Australians are highly over-represented among deaths in custody, they were only 3.2% of the general population in 2021. This led the government to establish a

6545: 449:, dated to the early 19th century, is written from the perspective of a convict wanting to take revenge on those who flogged him. The last men flogged in Australia were 5796: 4448: 6707: 5918: 5275: 5194: 2564:

Community Corrections is the term used for various punishments and court orders in Australia that do not involve prison time. Types of community corrections include:

3216: 1396:†Note that Indigenous Australians make up 25% of the Northern Territory's population, compared to under 5% in all other states and territories, and 2.8% nationally. 6525: 6510: 5358: 5078: 4216: 4190: 3501: 6663: 111:, courts in the states and territories can impose life imprisonment without parole, thus ordering the convicted person to spend the rest of their life in prison. 2249:

Of the 34 deaths that occurred in police custody in 2013-2015, 50% resulted from gunshot wounds. Of those, 13 were police shootings while 4 were self-inflicted.

6550: 6515: 5511: 6790: 6697: 6102: 2097: 2016: 4983: 7531: 6520: 2968: 2026: 2020: 141: 4907: 1056:

2017 the number of people in prison on remand grew 87 percent. This might be due to more people being refused bail, and a backlog of cases in the courts.

7573: 6785: 6540: 6412: 6339: 4035: 3874: 3141: 1203:

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, as of June 2022, the number of adult prisoners according to each state and territory were as follows:

416:

to the ICCPR was created as an accompaniment to the ICCPR and altered Article 6 to ensure the abolishment of the death penalty in all cases worldwide.

188:

Singing - an elder sings, which is believed to call evil spirits/misfortune upon the offender. There are reports of this happening as recently as 2016.

7652: 6673: 6530: 6058: 5714: 3242: 2931: 2029:

is 10 years old, meaning children under 10 cannot be charged with a crime. In 2018, law experts called for the age to be raised to 16 and the various

1405:

exception of the Northern Territory and Queensland, all other states and territories saw a decrease in incarceration rate over the same time period.

5404: 2986: 245: 7723: 6823: 2470:

Prisoners in Australia are expected to work while in custody. Inmates typically earn between $ 0.80 and $ 3.00 per hour. No prison worker is paid

1983: 4817: 4060: 5849: 5300: 2339:

rate of death (per 100,000 prisoners) for sentenced and unsentenced prisoners, peaking at 1.18 for unsentenced prisoners to 0.28 for sentenced.

7848: 6668: 3928: 3899: 145: 4559: 6405: 6344: 6319: 4746: 4709: 4643: 3848: 1125: 174: 5383: 3011: 7862: 6535: 6309: 4773: 3287: 2590:- where a person is found guilty, but does not get a criminal record provided they go for a certain period without committing another crime 2107: 464:

Corporal punishment of school children is legally banned in public schools nationwide, but remains legal in private schools in Queensland.

7959: 5621: 3595: 1052:

In June 2022, there were 40,591 people imprisoned in Australia, and an incarceration rate of 201 prisoners per 100,000 adult population.

7947: 7362: 6503: 6324: 6304: 5671: 5388: 4672: 4651: 4567: 3175: 2654: 2103: 1894: 1192: 350: 328:. Both were abandoned shortly after. Later, after a free settlement had been established, some convicts were transported to the region. 5236: 148:, pending their deportation and to prevent them from entering the Australian community. Controversially this includes the detention of 7981: 7927: 7806: 7434: 6600: 6257: 5558: 4422: 2457: 2035: 1744: 157: 114:

Prisons in Australia are operated by state-based correctional services departments, for the detention of minimum, medium, maximum and

5488: 1807:, sometimes held up as an example of how private prisons can be well run, cannot serve as a general example of prison privatisation. 7897: 7748: 7473: 7291: 7239: 6145: 6125: 5880: 5427: 3393: 1977: 1772:

As of November 2018, there were no private prisons located in Tasmania, the Northern Territory or the Australian Capital Territory.

1755: 1088:

were imprisoned for non-payment of fines. The amendments were partly the result of recommendations of the coronial inquest into the

267: 5664: 4738:

Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: Final report (ALRC 133)

5761: 5591: 3710: 3268: 1131:

In 2017, Indigenous people were over 15 times more likely than non-Indigenous people to be imprisoned. As of June 2022, the total

7457: 6595: 6247: 6095: 6017: 4164: 4138: 4112: 4086: 3074: 2951: 2522: 1967: 1155: 1115: 399: 357:

was sentenced in 2007 to 24 years in prison for murder on Norfolk Island, the absence of prisons meant he was imprisoned in NSW.

4393: 3475: 3319: 2535: 7986: 7911: 7904: 7636: 7248: 6640: 6626: 6614: 6452: 6160: 5219: 4616: 4482: 2936: 2111: 1188: 1163: 381: 5327: 5154: 5125: 7827: 6780: 6477: 6370: 6314: 6252: 5786: 5301:"Criminal responsibility age to be raised from 10 to 14 if ACT Labor re-elected, after Government endorses reform - ABC News" 4701:

Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (ALRC 133 Summary)

1665: 1151: 249: 2490:

In Victoria prisoners fabricate metal and make timber products. Both male and female inmates also pack airline headsets for

364:

Additionally, there was the punishment of young children. John Hudson was reportedly only nine years old when sentenced for

4009: 3980: 3954: 3445: 1990:

was revoked as a result of higher levels of assaults, with Queensland Corrective Services taking over control in July 2021.

7371: 6232: 5004: 3088: 2252:

7 of the 34 occurred during motor vehicle pursuits, while 6 occurred in sieges and 2 in raids. 10 were listed as "other".

2126: 2030: 1963: 1497: 5899: 7615: 6645: 6447: 6428: 6329: 6283: 6237: 6135: 5827: 4774:"Three projects linking Aboriginal communities and police that are helping to stop more Indigenous people going to jail" 2635:

In 2016-2017 financial year, Australia spent $ 500 million ($ 0.5 billion) Australian dollars on community corrections.

2256:

2014-2015, the overall most common situation for deaths in police custody to occur, was during a motor vehicle pursuit.

2234: 2223: 2042: 1957: 1728: 1695: 1119: 1093: 340: 60: 34: 4886: 6816: 6733: 6712: 6088: 4352: 4326: 4300: 2643: 1886: 1732: 1656:

tends to be much younger on average, and this can help to explain their over-representation in the prison population.

1170:

Various programs in New South Wales have been having a positive effect on keeping Indigenous people out of prison. In

354: 5458: 4861: 1080:

and assault. The majority are jailed for relatively minor, non-violent crimes which are often related to poverty and

4723: 3816: 3684: 7813: 7792: 7420: 7307: 6875: 6727: 6702: 6678: 6555: 6273: 6206: 6196: 6150: 6140: 6035: 4953: 4760: 2946: 2683: 2515: 1871: 1751:

won the bid to take over the prison. In 2012 Borallon closed. In 2016 it reopened as a government-operated prison.

433: 178: 4534: 7698: 7608: 7566: 6493: 6457: 6386: 6278: 4474: 1905: 1766: 1081: 108: 99: 3565: 353:), the site of two penal colonies from 1788–1814 and 1824-1856, has no prisons at all in the 21st century. When 7659: 7103: 6909: 6717: 6582: 5045:"Prison Privatisation in Australia: The State of the Nation. Accountability, Costs, Performance and Efficiency" 3314: 2921: 2911: 2884: 4839: 2479: 450: 402:, abolishing the death penalty amongst federal law however not prohibiting its use in state or territory law. 5810: 2845:

was a soap opera which ran from 1979 until 1986 and depicted life in a fictional women's prison in Australia.

1810:

Additionally, community corrections orders have been argued to be cheaper and equally as effective as public

7918: 7841: 7594: 7406: 6978: 6760: 6681: 6498: 6227: 3326: 2811: 1727:

Modern prison privatisation began in the U.S. and Australia followed shortly thereafter. On 2 January 1990,

1171: 446: 238: 1678: 7834: 7524: 7232: 7205: 7078: 6930: 6809: 6775: 6565: 6462: 6181: 4479:"Parliament passes comprehensive reform package to WA's fine enforcement regime [media statement]" 4245: 2861: 2046: 1191:, in a bid to connect Indigenous inmates with their culture, and reduce reoffending and the high rates of 1160:

Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

1136: 1132: 119: 103: 3110: 2081:

In the year ending 30 June 2020, there were almost 600 children aged 10 to 13 in detention in Australia.

2038:

has submitted a report to the Council of Attorneys-General Age of Criminal Responsibility Working Group.

7820: 7771: 7622: 7392: 6360: 5027: 2849: 2475: 1765:

In 1993, New South Wales became the second Australian state to privatise prisons after Queensland, when

1740: 302: 281: 5428:"Ashley Youth Detention Centre in Tasmania's north to close down and be replaced by two new facilities" 5170:"Ten-year-olds do not belong in detention. Why Australia must raise the age of criminal responsibility" 4612:"4517.0: Prisoners in Australia, 2018: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Prisoner Characteristics" 1124:

From 2008 to 2017 there was an increase in the rate of Indigenous people imprisoned, from 1.8% of the

1064:

In 2017 males made up 91.9% of prisoners, despite males only being roughly half the adult population.

7737: 7496: 7385: 7057: 3638: 2841: 2784: 1841: 1799: 325: 285: 210: 3790:"No. 130 Imprisonment in Australia: Trends in Prison Populations & Imprisonment Rates 1982–1998" 1731:

opened as the first private prison in Australia, located in Queensland. Borallon was managed by the

7673: 7413: 6739: 5998: 4571: 2916: 2816: 2677: 2639: 1928: 1913: 1879: 1856: 1759: 442: 395: 91: 41: 5946:"How much does prison really cost? Comparing the costs of imprisonment with community corrections" 7885: 7785: 7778: 7680: 7443: 6992: 6923: 6765: 6201: 6111: 3357: 3015: 2906: 2779: 2759: 2573: 2085: 2012: 1736: 1493: 391: 336: 196: 123: 80: 56: 30: 6985: 3613: 2865:

is a drama series which depicts the lives of Australian criminals, including many prison scenes.

185:

Spearing - a corporal punishment where someone is pierced with a spear, often through their leg.

2627:

Please note that people may receive two or more different corrections orders at the same time.

7878: 7855: 7644: 7629: 7601: 7587: 7300: 7163: 6861: 6242: 6186: 6176: 6130: 6069: 5953: 5771: 4742: 4705: 3599: 3389: 3341: 3305: 2941: 2926: 2801: 2796: 2749: 1671: 1140: 1085: 1077: 318: 76: 5643: 5405:"Inquiry told 55 workers at controversial youth detention centre were alleged sexual abusers" 4862:"Fact check: Do Sudanese people account for only 1 per cent of crimes committed in Victoria?" 3536: 3385: 7799: 7764: 7510: 7489: 7378: 7337: 7027: 5791: 4535:"Debbie Kilroy's friend was murdered in front of her in jail. Now she's freeing other women" 3520: 3381: 3349: 2876: 2729: 2705: 1920: 1791: 1683: 1073: 454: 46: 3310: 2064:

On an average night in June 2019, there were 949 minors imprisoned in Australia. Of these:

1974:

until 2018 when it came back into public hands. Now a women's drug rehabilitation facility.

1072:

The number of female prisoners in Australia rose 47% between 2009 and 2019. They are often

7730: 7517: 7466: 7156: 7124: 7043: 6937: 6472: 6467: 6211: 5276:"Australian Capital Territory votes to raise age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 14" 2880:

is a 1980 prison film written by former prisoner Bob Jewson, based on his own experiences.

2734: 2724: 2130: 1706: 1144: 1089: 474: 457:, Victoria on 1 April 1958 (technically William was flogged second, and so was the last). 332: 290: 177:- had their own traditional punishments which they carried out on people who broke tribal 2494:. Other jobs for female prisoners include sewing Australian flags and making bed linen. 1548:

The incarceration rate differed depending on country of birth. People born in Australia,

3190:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016" 2120:

Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory

7580: 7559: 7427: 7355: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7064: 5599: 5566: 5531:"More than half of 147 Indigenous people who died in custody had not been found guilty" 3789: 2956: 2806: 2774: 2739: 2719: 2671: 2568: 2471: 1592:

all had incarceration rates higher than the national average. Meanwhile people born in

1184: 346: 306: 149: 137:, Australia spent $ 3.1 billion on prisons and $ 0.5 billion on community corrections. 134: 127: 5979: 5359:"Quick Facts: The age of criminal responsibility in Australia and youth incarceration" 5071:"Media Statements - WA's first rehab prison to open as Wandoo returns to public hands" 3639:"Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 7975: 7503: 7223: 7212: 7013: 4449:"Sisters Inside: How Debbie Kilroy went from prisoner to protector of women's rights" 3361: 2892: 2769: 2754: 2610:

In June 2006, there were 52,212 persons in community-based corrections in Australia.

2543: 2478:. Prison workers are not legally considered workers, and as such are not entitled to 2265: 2061:

article, around 600 children under 14 are locked up in Australian prisons each year.

2058: 1935: 1898: 1804: 1617: 1103: 95: 87: 5248: 4799: 4274: 98:

occurs in Australia, with prisoners involved in many types of paid work. Before the

7705: 7666: 7330: 7314: 7096: 7050: 6832: 6442: 5510:

Davidson, Helen; Allam, Lorena; Wahlquist, Calla; Evershed, Nick (30 August 2018).

2853:

is a drama that started broadcasting in 2013. It is a contemporary re-imagining of

2827:

Many films and television shows have depicted the punishment of early convicts and

2764: 2700: 2601: 2135: 2115: 1613: 429: 294: 4508: 1814:

private incarceration. See the section on community corrections for more details.

17: 7482: 7450: 7323: 7284: 7277: 7170: 7149: 7110: 7071: 6999: 6847: 4934: 3453: 2828: 1711:

For extremely high-risk offenders, Australia operates several supermax prisons.

1645: 1609: 1585: 1577: 1549: 387: 369: 227: 6397: 3711:"Are teachers still hitting students? Because it's still legal in some schools" 3353: 2272:

Deaths in prison custody in Australia, 2013-2015, by sentence status and cause

209:

Death - this could be either directly through execution, or indirectly through

7270: 7198: 7034: 7020: 7006: 6971: 6868: 6365: 5512:"'People will continue to die': coroners' 'deaths in custody' reports ignored" 2647: 2613:

In June 2018 most common type of community corrections orders were, in order:

310: 67:, as well as community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as 6073: 5957: 4644:"Yarning circles in NSW prisons aim to reduce Indigenous incarceration rates" 3734:

Services, D. F. (25 October 2017). About us. Retrieved 26 January 2018, from

7131: 5559:"Police custody and custody-related operations - Crime Statistics Australia" 3502:"Prisons at breaking point but Australia is still addicted to incarceration" 2264:

7/10 prison deaths were due to natural causes, and 1/3 of those were due to

1605: 1597: 1187:

have been introduced in men's and women's prisons across NSW, starting with

1100:

figures approximately doubling if based on the national female population).

72: 1960:- Australia's first private prison, currently a government operated prison. 2237:

remain disproportionately high as a proportion of the general population.

1506:

Acts intended to cause injury: 10,557 individuals (26.0% of all prisoners)

394:

in Australia after he killed a prison officer whilst attempting to escape

6886: 6854: 6744: 6191: 5945: 5881:"Corrective Services, Australia, June quarter 2018 - Summary of findings" 3735: 1515: 438: 365: 314: 204: 191: 115: 2888:

is a 1988 drama film set in a fictional Australian prison in the desert.

173:

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Indigenous people of Australia -

6944: 6916: 6895: 5719: 2088:

had the highest rate of young people in detention on an average night.

1724:

In 2018, 18.4% of prisoners in Australia were held in private prisons.

1637: 1569: 1557: 1553: 368:

and 13 when transported to Australia. He was one of 34 children on the

252: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 153: 64: 5697:"Bed linen and boomerangs — the surprising products made by prisoners" 5466: 4673:"Incarceration rates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples" 4594:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoner characteristics, 2017" 7117: 6955: 6080: 5919:"Call to pay convicted criminals to work to cut high recidivism rate" 5489:"Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary" 3573: 2744: 2712: 2491: 2346:

Deaths in prison custody in Australia, 2013-2015, by state/territory

2114:

in the Northern Territory. This included an incident where, in 2015,

1980:- Management transitioned to Queensland Corrective Services in 2020. 1641: 1633: 1629: 1621: 301:) on 26 January 1788, and marked the commencement of many decades of 298: 68: 4840:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017 - Prisoner Characteristics - Table 22" 2125:

In 2022, a Tasmanian Government inquiry revealed that 55 workers at

2506:

and doors. Female prisoners cut up used clothes to turn into rags.

7869: 6902: 5850:"Union says prisoners working at NT salt mine 'like slave labour'" 5529:

Wahlquist, Calla; Evershed, Nick; Allam, Lorena (29 August 2018).

5384:"The royal commission into NT youth detention has failed children" 3817:"Australian Prisoners 1990: Results of the National Prison Census" 3376:

Turnbull, S (March 2017), "Immigration Detention and Punishment",

2699: 2503: 1987: 1971: 1943: 1748: 1677: 1625: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1573: 1175: 1162:, which was received by the Attorney-General in December 2017 and 40: 5459:"National Deaths in Custody Program - Crime Statistics Australia" 5155:"Experts back call to raise age of criminal responsibility to 16" 5100: 3663: 331:

No penal colonies were located in the areas that have now become

79:

etc.). When awaiting trial, prisoners may be kept in specialised

6801: 4394:"Prisoners in Australia, 2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4353:"Prisoners in Australia, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4327:"Prisoners in Australia, 2020 | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4301:"Prisoners in Australia, 2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 3378:

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

3288:"Australia's indefinite detention of refugees illegal, UN rules" 1649: 1565: 1561: 1180: 324:

Two penal colonies were briefly founded in the area that is now

309:. Penal colonies were also founded in what is now the states of 6805: 6401: 6084: 5828:"The Northern Territory $ 20 million prison workforce business" 1758:

opened, as the second private prison in Queensland, managed by

445:, was used from 1788 up until 1958. The Australian folk ballad 7552:

Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted

2711:

Former Australian prisons which are now open to the public as

1864: 1849: 221: 5126:"Southern Queensland Correctional Centre transition complete" 5028:"Doing Well and Doing Good: The Case for Privatising Prisons" 4772:

Brown, Simon Leo; Bullock, Chris; Arnold, Ann (9 July 2020).

3342:"Immigration detention vs imprisonment: Differences explored" 2458:

Immigration detention in Australia § Deaths in detention

1193:

incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

6561:

Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC)

5249:"Why Australia is facing calls to stop jailing 10-year-olds" 3689:

Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children

140:

Australia also detains non-citizens in a separate system of

3880:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. December 1999. p. 3 55:

arises when an individual has been accused or convicted of

3421:"Aboriginal Customary Laws and the Notion of 'Punishment'" 3041:"Cop sees the sense in lashing out as corporal punishment" 1207:

Adult Prisoner Statistics Per State/Territory (June 2022)

361:

awful to behold, and their existence one of desperation.”

6633:

Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC)

2502:

In Queensland inmates make tents, chairs, coffee tables,

1652:

had incarceration rates lower than the national average.

6036:"Apprehended Violence Orders (AVOs) - Domestic Violence" 2896:

is a 2002 heist film partly set in an Australian prison.

2534:

In the Northern Territory, prison labour is overseen by

2077:

53% were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander youth.

484: 5592:"Deaths in prison custody - Crime Statistics Australia" 4864:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 September 2018 4423:"Australia's booming prison population in three charts" 3614:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 398:. A few years later the Federal Parliament passed the 5822: 5820: 5715:"In Victoria's prisons, women pay for men's violence" 5598:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from 5565:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from 5465:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from 5220:"Review of the age of criminal responsibility (2020)" 6059:"NSW Inmate Census 2018: Summary of Characteristics" 5887:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 6 September 2018. 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5328:"ACT agrees to raise age of criminal responsibility" 4984:"Borallon prison re-opens as 'training centre' jail" 4016:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 September 2006 3987:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 September 2005 3961:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23 September 2004 2680:

cars used in offences, confiscating contraband) etc.

410:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

7747: 7715: 7690: 7543: 7347: 7262: 7222: 7141: 7088: 6963: 6954: 6885: 6839: 6753: 6723:

Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity

6690: 6656: 6574: 6486: 6435: 6379: 6353: 6297: 6266: 6220: 6169: 6118: 5033:. Vol. 32, no. 1. Policy. pp. 19–23. 5007:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 June 2018 4600:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2017. 4429:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 14 June 2017 4252:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 11 December 2015 4093:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 December 2009 3906:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 February 2003 6546:Australian Securities & Investments Commission 5900:"Australian passports to have third gender option" 4842:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2017 4735:Australian Law Reform Commission (December 2017). 4698:Australian Law Reform Commission (December 2017). 4145:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2011 4119:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 9 December 2010 3935:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 January 2004 3035: 3033: 2514:In New South Wales, prisoner work is organised by 2230:Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 2110:report which revealed abuse of youth occurring at 1509:Sexual assault and related offences: 6,446 (15.9%) 1409:Incarceration Rate by State/Territory (June 2022) 3826:. Australian Institute of Criminology. p. 17 3664:"Australian Folk Songs - Jim Jones at Botany Bay" 1524:Offences against justice procedures: 2,891 (7.1%) 7892:United Kingdom and British overseas territories 6708:Australian Customs and Border Protection Service 6526:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission 5005:"Inside Australia's 'powder keg' private prison" 3796:. Australian Institute of Criminology. p. 3 3075:"Tribal punishment, customary law & payback" 6068:(47). NSW Government. Corrective Services NSW. 4171:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2 April 2013 3855:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 12 June 2001 3815:Walker, John; Hallinan, Jennifer (April 1991). 3111:"Highest to Lowest - Prison Incarceration Rate" 3014:. National Library of Australia. Archived from 2041:In August 2020 the Legislative Assembly of the 201:Compensation - such as by adoption or marriage. 152:, including children, while their claims to be 6664:Australian Defence Force Investigative Service 4954:"Borallon to stay shut despite prisoner surge" 4881: 4879: 6817: 6551:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation 6516:Australian Communications and Media Authority 6413: 6096: 4977: 4975: 4741:. Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1–524. 4560:"Prisoners in Australia by Indigenous status" 4417: 4415: 4041:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. March 2007 2147:section on immigration detention facilities. 430:Flagellation § Australian penal colonies 158:detained indefinitely without charge or trial 156:are determined. Non-citizens can be lawfully 8: 6698:Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service 5787:"What tops the grocery list of NSW inmates?" 5586: 5584: 5357:Creek, Simon; Nims, Siobhan (30 July 2020). 4999: 4997: 4704:. Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1–42. 3923: 3921: 3843: 3841: 3788:Carach, Carlos; Grant, Anna (October 1999). 3269:"All children to be off Nauru by year's end" 3211: 3209: 3207: 3147:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. June 1998 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 2981: 2979: 2218:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths 2098:Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory 2017:Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory 6609:Independent Commissioner Against Corruption 6521:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission 5760:Linnane, Damien (host) (7 September 2021). 4908:"Successful Qld prison tenderers announced" 3178:. Productivity Commission. 25 January 2018. 2969:Australian immigration detention facilities 2686:(a type of injunction or restraining order) 2027:age of criminal responsibility in Australia 2021:Age of criminal responsibility in Australia 441:(also called whipping, lashing), a form of 434:School corporal punishment § Australia 7574:International Network of Prison Ministries 6960: 6824: 6810: 6802: 6541:Australian Prudential Regulation Authority 6420: 6406: 6398: 6103: 6089: 6081: 6057:Corben, Simon; Tang, Helen (August 2019). 5875: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5149: 5147: 3679: 3677: 3537:"Ronald Ryan - Australia's last execution" 3476:"McNeill to appeal evidence admissibility" 2653:Additionally, a June 2018 report from the 2536:Northern Territory Correctional Industries 2151:Deaths in custody in Australia, 2013-2015 2071:83% were aged 10–17 (the remainder 18–20); 6674:Royal Australian Corps of Military Police 6621:Independent Commission Against Corruption 6591:Independent Commission Against Corruption 6531:Australian Fisheries Management Authority 5811:"Sydney PC assembler using prison labour" 5708: 5706: 5553: 5551: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5305:ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3560: 3558: 3366:(2004) 29(5) Alternative Law Journal 228. 2932:Crime in the Australian Capital Territory 486:Prison population of Australia over time 268:Learn how and when to remove this message 7400:Mentally ill people in the United States 5898:Staff and agencies (15 September 2011). 5426:Alexandra Humphries (9 September 2021). 5069:Cabinet, Department of the Premier and. 4902: 4900: 4800:"Five takeaways from Australia's census" 4275:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017 - Summary" 4240: 4238: 4004: 4002: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3243:"Immigration detention and human rights" 2344: 2270: 2149: 2049:government being re-elected in October. 1825:Private prisons in Australia, June 2019 1821: 1407: 1205: 5952:. Australian Institute of Criminology. 4637: 4635: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 2975: 1984:Southern Queensland Correctional Centre 1400:State and territory incarceration rates 175:Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders 7653:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland) 5739:"Compensation Claims whilst in Prison" 5653:from the original on 25 February 2021. 3736:http://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/about 3525:, First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc. 3386:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.231 3006: 3004: 2171:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 1199:State and territory prison populations 6443:Australian Capital Territory Policing 5674:from the original on 16 October 2021. 5430:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 5407:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4780:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4269: 4267: 2987:"Managing offenders in the community" 1229:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 1126:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 420:territory is able to reintroduce it. 7: 7955: 6536:Australian Maritime Safety Authority 4933:Harding, Richard (3 November 2017). 4533:Gleeson, Hayley (15 February 2019). 3709:Matthews, Alice (12 December 2018). 3446:"Norfolk Island History and Culture" 3249:. Australian Human Rights Commission 3176:"Report on Government Services 2018" 1818:List of private prisons in Australia 1512:Illicit drug offences: 5,515 (13.6%) 250:adding citations to reliable sources 6511:National Anti-Corruption Commission 5980:"Pay your fines - australia.gov.au" 5950:Aic Reports. Research Report Series 5785:Leeming, Lachlan (8 January 2018). 5749:from the original on 22 March 2021. 5727:from the original on 25 March 2021. 5624:. Monash University. September 2018 5622:"Australian Border Deaths Database" 5389:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4939:Australian Institute of Criminology 4652:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4568:Australian Institute of Criminology 2655:Australian Institute of Criminology 1986:- Private management contract with 1966:- Opened in 2012 on former site of 1798:Conversely, a 2016 report from the 6786:Police tactical units in Australia 6601:Law Enforcement Conduct Commission 5665:"Chapter 2 : Going to Prison" 5224:Australian Human Rights Commission 2357:Percent of national prison deaths 2342:Prison deaths by state/territory: 2036:Australian Human Rights Commission 1745:Corrections Corporation of America 169:Traditional Indigenous punishments 25: 5799:from the original on 23 May 2021. 5403:Mahmood Fazal (6 February 2022). 5326:Jenkins, Keira (20 August 2020). 4914:. Fairfax Media. 4 September 2007 4820:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 4281:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 4223:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 4197:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 4067:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 3241:Dillon, Sarah (8 November 2013). 3192:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 3091:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 3012:"Capital Punishment in Australia" 2538:(NTCI) and their Advisory Panel. 2474:, and their employers do not pay 1978:Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre 1756:Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre 7954: 7943: 7942: 6596:New South Wales Crime Commission 6248:Indigenous Australians and crime 5978:Agency, Digital Transformation. 5274:Allam, Lorena (20 August 2020). 5195:"age of criminal responsibility" 4036:"Corrective Services, Australia" 3073:Jens, Korff (23 February 2020). 2952:Health of prisoners in Australia 2523:Dawn De Loas Correctional Centre 1968:Rangeview Juvenile Remand Centre 1781:double the next highest prison. 1733:Corrections Company of Australia 1707:Supermax prison § Australia 1156:Australian Law Reform Commission 1116:Indigenous Australians and crime 424:Corporal punishment in Australia 400:Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973 226: 118:security prisoners convicted in 7724:Countries by incarceration rate 7637:Prison Fellowship International 6791:Reasonable and probable grounds 6641:Corruption and Crime Commission 6615:Crime and Corruption Commission 6575:State and Territory authorities 6453:Northern Territory Police Force 6040:www.domesticviolence.nsw.gov.au 5713:Poole, Melanie (29 July 2019). 5168:Cunneen, Chris (22 July 2020). 5105:The GEO Group Australia Pty Ltd 4642:Ormonde, Bill (8 August 2022). 4617:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4483:Government of Western Australia 3875:"Corrective Services Australia" 3598:. 29 March 2010. Archived from 3519:Cheryl Timbury (October 2015), 3142:"Corrective Services Australia" 2937:Crime in the Northern Territory 2521:In 2019, about 20 prisoners at 2452:Deaths in immigration detention 2112:Don Dale Youth Detention Centre 1527:Robbery/extortion: 2,586 (6.4%) 1189:Broken Hill Correctional Centre 1179:an 18-week program run through 382:Capital punishment in Australia 376:Capital punishment in Australia 351:external territory of Australia 237:needs additional citations for 6781:Mass surveillance in Australia 6581:Australian Capital Territory: 6478:Western Australia Police Force 6371:List of massacres in Australia 5130:Queensland Corrective Services 4935:"Private prisons in Australia" 4818:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017" 4246:"Prisoners in Australia, 2015" 4217:"Prisoners in Australia, 2014" 4191:"Prisoners in Australia, 2013" 4165:"Prisoners in Australia, 2012" 4139:"Prisoners in Australia, 2011" 4113:"Prisoners in Australia, 2010" 4087:"Prisoners in Australia, 2009" 4061:"Prisoners in Australia, 2008" 4010:"Prisoners in Australia, 2006" 3981:"Prisoners in Australia, 2005" 3955:"Prisoners in Australia, 2004" 3929:"Prisoners in Australia, 2003" 3900:"Prisoners in Australia, 2002" 3849:"Prisoners in Australia, 2000" 3089:"Prisoners in Australia, 2018" 2676:Confiscation of property (eg: 1666:Life imprisonment in Australia 1660:Life imprisonment in Australia 1218:Percent Change From June 2021 1152:Attorney-General for Australia 390:was the last individual to be 1: 5852:. ABC News. 12 September 2013 5763:Broken Chains: Modern Slavery 5699:. news.com.au. 28 March 2017. 5075:www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au 4982:Moore, Tony (15 March 2016). 4778:ABC News (ABC Radio National) 2604:on some identity documents). 2516:Corrective Service Industries 2439:Australian Capital Territory 2127:Ashley Youth Detention Centre 1964:Wandoo Reintegration Facility 1498:Illicit drug use in Australia 1478:Australian Capital Territory 1375:Australian Capital Territory 142:immigration detention centres 7616:Prison Advice and Care Trust 6646:Gold Stealing Detection Unit 6448:New South Wales Police Force 6429:Law enforcement in Australia 6016:VicRoads (26 October 2018). 5830:. ABC News. 21 February 2016 5050:. University of Sydney. 2016 3596:"Death Penalty in Australia" 3419:Anonymous (18 August 2010). 3286:Doherty, Ben (17 May 2016). 2989:. New South Wales Government 2662:Other non-prison punishments 2235:Indigenous deaths in custody 2224:Aboriginal deaths in custody 2084:From June 2015 to 2019, the 1999:In 2016-17, Australia spent 1995:Cost of prisons in Australia 1958:Borallon Correctional Centre 1729:Borallon Correctional Centre 1696:list of prisons in Australia 1120:Aboriginal deaths in custody 341:Australian Capital Territory 205:Exclusion from the community 35:Law enforcement in Australia 6734:Police Integrity Commission 6713:Australian Crime Commission 5997:Police, Western Australia. 5944:Morgan, A. (25 June 2018). 5813:. crn.com.au. 20 June 2019. 5026:Glushko, A. (Autumn 2016). 2644:Institute of Public Affairs 1887:Parklea Correctional Centre 45:The main cell block of old 8003: 7948:Imprisonment and detention 6876:Stanford prison experiment 6728:Office of Police Integrity 6703:Australian Customs Service 6679:Royal Australian Air Force 6669:Joint Military Police Unit 6556:Australian Taxation Office 5917:Adam Carey (13 May 2018). 4887:"Privatisation of Prisons" 4564:Crime Statistics Australia 3354:10.1177/1037969X0402900505 2947:Crime in Western Australia 2704:A recreation 1855 cell in 2684:Apprehended violence order 2455: 2221: 2095: 2010: 1872:Fulham Correctional Centre 1704: 1693: 1663: 1516:Unlawful entry with intent 1491: 1113: 453:and John Henry Taylor, at 427: 379: 279: 146:Department of Home Affairs 144:, operated by the federal 122:, as well as prisoners on 28: 7982:Penal system in Australia 7937: 7609:Prison abolition movement 7567:Florida Justice Institute 6494:Australian Federal Police 6458:Queensland Police Service 4952:Cowen (9 November 2013). 4891:www.parliament.nsw.gov.au 3273:The Sydney Morning Herald 3222:. Productivity Commission 2642:, citing a report by the 2286:External/multiple trauma 2092:Abuse in juvenile prisons 1906:Junee Correctional Centre 1824: 1785:Arguments for and against 1776:Violence and overcrowding 1767:Junee Correctional Centre 100:colonisation of Australia 83:or within other prisons. 7660:The Prison Phoenix Trust 7104:Administrative detention 6718:National Crime Authority 6583:ACT Integrity Commission 6003:Western Australia Police 5646:. Victorian Government. 2922:Crime in South Australia 2912:Crime in New South Wales 2885:Ghosts of the Civil Dead 2289:Alcohol and other drugs 414:Second Optional Protocol 120:state and federal courts 90:has been abolished, and 7738:Films featuring prisons 7595:Mount Tamalpais College 7249:Prisoner-of-war escapes 6979:Corrective labor colony 6771:Punishment in Australia 6761:Australian police ranks 6682:Airfield Defence Guards 6504:Maritime Border Command 6499:Australian Border Force 6066:Statistical Publication 6022:www.vicroads.vic.gov.au 3346:Alternative Law Journal 3327:High Court of Australia 3217:"8 Corrective Services" 2812:HM Prison Morwell River 2581:Community service order 447:Jim Jones at Botany Bay 61:criminal justice system 59:through the Australian 53:Punishment in Australia 7987:Punishments by country 7372:Contemplative programs 7079:Youth detention center 6931:Prisoner of conscience 6776:Terrorism in Australia 6566:Commonwealth Ombudsman 6463:South Australia Police 6119:States and territories 4960:. The Queensland Times 3247:www.humanrights.gov.au 2708: 2631:Cost and effectiveness 2555:Non-prison punishments 1952:Former private prisons 1720:History and statistics 1686: 1521:Homicide: 3,257 (8.0%) 1147:are Indigenous women. 1137:Torres Strait Islander 1110:Indigenous Australians 1094:died in police custody 104:Indigenous Australians 49: 7623:Prison-Ashram Project 6380:Crime internationally 6361:Convicts in Australia 6258:Immigration and crime 6018:"Vehicle impoundment" 5596:crimestats.aic.gov.au 5563:crimestats.aic.gov.au 5463:crimestats.aic.gov.au 3311:[2004] HCA 37 2703: 2560:Community Corrections 2480:workers' compensation 2245:Police custody deaths 2096:Further information: 2074:63% were unsentenced; 1741:Wormald International 1701:High-security prisons 1681: 1128:population to 2.43%. 451:William John O'Meally 282:Convicts in Australia 44: 7807:Ireland, Republic of 7497:Solitary confinement 7058:Prisoner-of-war camp 6627:Integrity Commission 6607:Northern Territory: 5999:"Impounded vehicles" 5984:www.australia.gov.au 5745:. 2 September 2019. 3113:. World Prison Brief 2791:Other former prisons 2785:HM Prison Beechworth 2129:had been accused of 2057:According to a 2018 1842:Mount Gambier Prison 1800:University of Sydney 1735:(which was owned by 1215:Number of Prisoners 1164:tabled in Parliament 1076:themselves, such as 286:History of Australia 246:improve this article 7674:Prison Reform Trust 6740:Commonwealth Police 6637:Western Australia: 5743:Caxton Legal Centre 5392:. 21 November 2017. 5157:. 22 November 2018. 4574:on 14 November 2018 3508:. 27 December 2019. 3450:Norfolk Online News 3077:. Creative Spirits. 2917:Crime in Queensland 2823:Cultural depictions 2817:HM Prison Pentridge 2617:Sentenced probation 2588:Non-conviction bond 2578:Good behaviour bond 2428:Northern Territory 2347: 2273: 2152: 1929:GEO Group Australia 1914:GEO Group Australia 1880:GEO Group Australia 1857:Port Phillip Prison 1833:State or territory 1760:GEO Group Australia 1470:Northern Territory 1417:Incarceration rate 1410: 1355:Northern Territory 1208: 487: 481:Number of prisoners 443:corporal punishment 386:On 3 February 1967 94:is no longer used. 92:corporal punishment 7681:WriteAPrisoner.com 7444:Protective custody 6993:Extermination camp 6924:Political prisoner 6766:Crime in Australia 6112:Crime in Australia 5670:. NSW Government. 5602:on 3 November 2018 5569:on 3 November 2018 5516:Guardian Australia 5491:. ABS. 1 July 2022 5469:on 6 November 2018 5226:. 26 February 2020 4724:Summary report PDF 4513:World Prison Brief 4489:on 26 October 2021 3576:on 5 November 2018 3340:Groves, M (2004). 3320:"judgment summary" 3275:. 1 November 2018. 3018:on 5 November 2018 2907:Crime in Australia 2780:Old Melbourne Gaol 2760:Mount Gambier Gaol 2709: 2574:Suspended sentence 2530:Northern Territory 2395:Western Australia 2345: 2271: 2150: 2086:Northern Territory 2013:Juvenile detention 2007:Youth imprisonment 1940:Western Australia 1836:Operating company 1737:John Holland Group 1687: 1620:, United Kingdom, 1494:Crime in Australia 1454:Western Australia 1408: 1315:Western Australia 1206: 485: 468:Adult imprisonment 337:Northern Territory 181:. These included: 50: 31:Crime in Australia 18:Australian prisons 7969: 7968: 7905:England and Wales 7645:Prison Legal News 7630:Prison Fellowship 7588:Justice Defenders 7258: 7257: 6862:Prison healthcare 6799: 6798: 6657:Military agencies 6619:South Australia: 6587:New South Wales: 6395: 6394: 6253:Human trafficking 6243:Police misconduct 5923:www.theage.com.au 5772:City of Newcastle 5644:"Going to Prison" 5363:Welcome to Mondaq 4748:978-0-9943202-8-5 4711:978-0-9943202-9-2 4679:. 1 December 2016 4620:. 6 December 2018 3602:on 29 March 2010. 3543:. 20 January 2015 3306:Al-Kateb v Godwin 2942:Crime in Victoria 2927:Crime in Tasmania 2802:HM Prison Geelong 2797:HM Prison Fairlea 2750:HM Prison Geelong 2623:Community service 2449: 2448: 2336: 2335: 2215: 2214: 2142:Deaths in custody 2031:Attorneys General 1949: 1948: 1682:The gatehouse of 1672:life imprisonment 1532:Federal prisoners 1485: 1484: 1394: 1393: 1154:commissioned the 1086:Western Australia 1078:domestic violence 1050: 1049: 319:Western Australia 278: 277: 270: 77:community service 63:. Australia uses 16:(Redirected from 7994: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7930: 7921: 7914: 7912:Northern Ireland 7907: 7900: 7893: 7888: 7881: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7851: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7823: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7767: 7760: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7708: 7701: 7683: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7655: 7648: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7618: 7611: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7555: 7534: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7476: 7469: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7437: 7430: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7365: 7358: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7294: 7287: 7280: 7273: 7251: 7242: 7235: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7118:Maximum security 7113: 7106: 7099: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6961: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6878: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6826: 6819: 6812: 6803: 6691:Defunct agencies 6487:Federal agencies 6422: 6415: 6408: 6399: 6387:Crime by country 6233:Illicit drug use 6170:Cities and towns 6105: 6098: 6091: 6082: 6077: 6063: 6044: 6043: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6013: 6007: 6006: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5877: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5792:Newcastle Herald 5782: 5776: 5775: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5710: 5701: 5700: 5693: 5676: 5675: 5669: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5588: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5555: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5455: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5307:. 20 August 2020 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5255:. 21 August 2020 5245: 5239: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5174:The Conversation 5165: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5077:. Archived from 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5049: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4883: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4769: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4732: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4639: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4570:. Archived from 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4485:. Archived from 4477:(17 June 2020). 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4400:. 5 October 2023 4390: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4271: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4242: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4040: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4006: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3879: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3821: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3785: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3572:. Archived from 3562: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3482:. 31 August 2007 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3452:. Archived from 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3416: 3399: 3398: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3329:. 6 August 2004. 3324: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3221: 3213: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3138: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2983: 2730:Fremantle Prison 2706:Fremantle Prison 2646:(a conservative 2406:South Australia 2362:New South Wales 2351:State/territory 2348: 2277:Sentence status 2274: 2156:Type of custody 2153: 2002: 1921:Ravenhall Prison 1910:New South Wales 1891:New South Wales 1846:South Australia 1822: 1792:Ravenhall Prison 1684:Fremantle Prison 1446:South Australia 1422:New South Wales 1414:State/Territory 1411: 1295:South Australia 1235:New South Wales 1212:State/Territory 1209: 1143:in the state of 1074:victims of crime 488: 455:Pentridge Prison 396:Pentridge Prison 303:convict arrivals 273: 266: 262: 259: 253: 230: 222: 57:breaking the law 47:Fremantle Prison 21: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7972: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7953: 7941: 7933: 7926: 7917: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7868: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7756: 7743: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7711: 7704: 7697: 7686: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7586: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7550: 7539: 7530: 7525:Women in prison 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7472: 7465: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7433: 7428:Private prisons 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7377: 7370: 7361: 7354: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7313: 7306: 7299: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7254: 7247: 7238: 7231: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7137: 7130: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7089:Security levels 7084: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6950: 6943: 6938:Prisoner of war 6936: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6835: 6830: 6800: 6795: 6749: 6686: 6652: 6570: 6482: 6473:Victoria Police 6468:Tasmania Police 6436:Police agencies 6431: 6426: 6396: 6391: 6375: 6349: 6345:Private prisons 6293: 6284:Law enforcement 6267:Law enforcement 6262: 6238:Organised crime 6216: 6165: 6114: 6109: 6061: 6056: 6053: 6051:Further reading 6048: 6047: 6034: 6033: 6029: 6015: 6014: 6010: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5879: 5878: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5833: 5831: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5759: 5758: 5754: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5679: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5229: 5227: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4898: 4885: 4884: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4806:. 27 June 2017. 4798: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4761:Full report PDF 4753: 4751: 4749: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4641: 4640: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4359:. 13 April 2022 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4333:. 4 August 2021 4325: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4008: 4007: 4000: 3990: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3787: 3786: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3564: 3563: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3456:on 12 July 2012 3444: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3425:www.alrc.gov.au 3418: 3417: 3402: 3396: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3322: 3318: 3303: 3299: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3174: 3173: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3071: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3047:. 20 March 2014 3039: 3038: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3010: 3009: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2965: 2903: 2825: 2793: 2735:Fannie Bay Gaol 2725:Boggo Road Gaol 2698: 2693: 2666:These include: 2664: 2562: 2557: 2510:New South Wales 2468: 2460: 2454: 2280:Natural causes 2262: 2247: 2226: 2220: 2144: 2131:child sex abuse 2100: 2094: 2055: 2023: 2009: 2000: 1997: 1830:Private prison 1717: 1715:Private prisons 1709: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1668: 1662: 1543: 1500: 1492:Main articles: 1490: 1402: 1224:Percent Female 1201: 1185:yarning circles 1145:New South Wales 1141:women in prison 1122: 1114:Main articles: 1112: 1090:death of Ms Dhu 1070: 1062: 731: 726: 714: 699: 616: 483: 475:South Australia 470: 436: 426: 384: 378: 333:South Australia 291:New South Wales 288: 280:Main articles: 274: 263: 257: 254: 243: 231: 220: 171: 166: 133:In the 2016-17 128:private prisons 109:aggravated rape 37: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8000: 7998: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7974: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7951: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7859: 7852: 7845: 7838: 7831: 7824: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7761: 7753: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7702: 7699:Rehabilitation 7694: 7692: 7691:Leaving prison 7688: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7656: 7649: 7640: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7591: 7584: 7581:Justice Action 7577: 7570: 7563: 7560:Black and Pink 7556: 7547: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7447: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7375: 7368: 7367: 7366: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7311: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7281: 7274: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7233:Prison escapes 7228: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6975: 6967: 6965: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6920: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6891: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6821: 6814: 6806: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6585: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6221:Crime dynamics 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6027: 6008: 5989: 5970: 5936: 5909: 5890: 5885:www.abs.gov.au 5863: 5841: 5816: 5802: 5777: 5752: 5730: 5702: 5677: 5656: 5635: 5613: 5580: 5547: 5521: 5502: 5480: 5441: 5418: 5395: 5375: 5344: 5318: 5292: 5266: 5240: 5211: 5186: 5160: 5143: 5117: 5092: 5081:on 5 July 2018 5061: 5036: 5018: 4993: 4988:Brisbane Times 4971: 4944: 4925: 4912:Brisbane Times 4896: 4875: 4853: 4831: 4809: 4791: 4764: 4747: 4727: 4710: 4690: 4664: 4631: 4603: 4598:www.abs.gov.au 4585: 4551: 4525: 4500: 4466: 4455:. 7 March 2021 4440: 4427:www.abc.net.au 4411: 4398:www.abs.gov.au 4370: 4357:www.abs.gov.au 4344: 4331:www.abs.gov.au 4318: 4305:www.abs.gov.au 4292: 4279:www.abs.gov.au 4263: 4250:www.abs.gov.au 4234: 4221:www.abs.gov.au 4208: 4195:www.abs.gov.au 4182: 4169:www.abs.gov.au 4156: 4143:www.abs.gov.au 4130: 4117:www.abs.gov.au 4104: 4091:www.abs.gov.au 4078: 4065:www.abs.gov.au 4052: 4027: 4014:www.abs.gov.au 3998: 3985:www.abs.gov.au 3972: 3959:www.abs.gov.au 3946: 3933:www.abs.gov.au 3917: 3904:www.abs.gov.au 3891: 3866: 3853:www.abs.gov.au 3837: 3807: 3739: 3727: 3701: 3673: 3668:folkstream.com 3655: 3630: 3605: 3587: 3554: 3528: 3511: 3493: 3467: 3437: 3400: 3394: 3368: 3332: 3297: 3278: 3260: 3233: 3203: 3181: 3158: 3124: 3102: 3080: 3058: 3045:The Herald Sun 3029: 3000: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2957:Justice Action 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2889: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2831:in Australia. 2824: 2821: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2807:HM Prison Sale 2804: 2799: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2775:Wentworth Gaol 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2740:Gladstone Gaol 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2720:Old Dubbo Gaol 2697: 2696:Prison museums 2694: 2692: 2691:Former prisons 2689: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2663: 2660: 2638:An article in 2633: 2632: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2569:Home detention 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2532: 2531: 2512: 2511: 2500: 2499: 2488: 2487: 2472:superannuation 2467: 2464: 2456:Main article: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2354:Prison deaths 2352: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2261: 2258: 2246: 2243: 2222:Main article: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2143: 2140: 2093: 2090: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068:90% were male; 2054: 2051: 2008: 2005: 2001:A$ 3.1 billion 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1981: 1975: 1961: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1892: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1787: 1786: 1778: 1777: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1705:Main article: 1702: 1699: 1691: 1688: 1670:In Australia, 1664:Main article: 1661: 1658: 1542: 1541:Place of birth 1539: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1518:: 3,305 (8.1%) 1513: 1510: 1507: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1200: 1197: 1111: 1108: 1069: 1066: 1061: 1058: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1000: 996: 995: 993: 990: 987: 983: 982: 980: 977: 974: 970: 969: 967: 964: 961: 957: 956: 954: 951: 948: 944: 943: 941: 938: 935: 931: 930: 928: 925: 922: 918: 917: 915: 912: 909: 905: 904: 902: 899: 896: 892: 891: 889: 886: 883: 879: 878: 876: 873: 870: 866: 865: 863: 860: 857: 853: 852: 850: 847: 844: 840: 839: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 824: 821: 818: 814: 813: 811: 808: 805: 801: 800: 798: 795: 792: 788: 787: 785: 782: 779: 775: 774: 772: 769: 766: 762: 761: 759: 756: 753: 749: 748: 746: 743: 740: 736: 735: 733: 728: 723: 719: 718: 716: 711: 708: 704: 703: 701: 696: 693: 689: 688: 686: 683: 680: 676: 675: 673: 670: 667: 663: 662: 660: 657: 654: 650: 649: 647: 644: 641: 637: 636: 634: 631: 628: 624: 623: 621: 618: 613: 609: 608: 606: 603: 600: 596: 595: 593: 590: 587: 583: 582: 580: 577: 574: 570: 569: 567: 564: 561: 557: 556: 554: 551: 548: 544: 543: 541: 538: 535: 531: 530: 528: 525: 522: 518: 517: 515: 512: 509: 505: 504: 501: 495: 492: 482: 479: 469: 466: 425: 422: 380:Main article: 377: 374: 347:Norfolk Island 307:United Kingdom 276: 275: 234: 232: 225: 219: 218:Colonial times 216: 215: 214: 207: 202: 199: 197:Public shaming 194: 189: 186: 170: 167: 165: 162: 150:asylum seekers 135:financial year 102:by Europeans, 81:remand centres 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7999: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7961: 7952: 7949: 7940: 7939: 7936: 7929: 7928:United States 7925: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7902: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7883: 7880: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7839: 7836: 7832: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7703: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7689: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7592: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7571: 7568: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544:Organizations 7542: 7533: 7532:United States 7529: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7480: 7475: 7474:United States 7471: 7470: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7458:United States 7455: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7435:United States 7432: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7407:Mobile phones 7404: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7363:United States 7360: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348:Social issues 7346: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7325: 7321: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7293: 7292:United States 7289: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7250: 7246: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7206:Trusty system 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7161: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7080: 7076: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6833:Incarceration 6827: 6822: 6820: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6400: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6182:Alice Springs 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6101: 6099: 6094: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6083: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6012: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5990: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5971: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5937: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5851: 5845: 5842: 5829: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5803: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5768:Broken Chains 5765: 5764: 5756: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5716: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5623: 5617: 5614: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5503: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5429: 5422: 5419: 5406: 5399: 5396: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5333: 5329: 5322: 5319: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5267: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5132:. 7 July 2021 5131: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5065: 5062: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5029: 5022: 5019: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4959: 4958:www.qt.com.au 4955: 4948: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4926: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4713: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4694: 4691: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4526: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475:Quigley, John 4470: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4307:. 12 May 2019 4306: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3808: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3702: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3644: 3643:www.ohchr.org 3640: 3634: 3631: 3619: 3618:www.ohchr.org 3615: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3395:9780190264079 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3313:, (2004) 219 3312: 3308: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2894: 2893:The Hard Word 2890: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2770:Maitland Gaol 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2755:Adelaide Gaol 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2544:Robyn Lambley 2539: 2537: 2529: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2466:Prison labour 2465: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2266:heart disease 2260:Prison deaths 2259: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2217: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2159:Total number 2158: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2006: 2004: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970:. Managed by 1969: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1936:Acacia Prison 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1899:Broadspectrum 1896: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1805:Acacia Prison 1801: 1796: 1793: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1754:In 1992, the 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1700: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:United States 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1406: 1399: 1397: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1221:Percent Male 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1121: 1117: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1104:Debbie Kilroy 1101: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 737: 734: 729: 724: 721: 720: 717: 712: 709: 706: 705: 702: 697: 694: 691: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 625: 622: 619: 614: 611: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 506: 502: 500: 499:100k adults) 496: 493: 490: 489: 480: 478: 476: 467: 465: 462: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 431: 423: 421: 417: 415: 411: 406: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 383: 375: 373: 371: 367: 362: 358: 356: 355:Glenn McNeill 352: 348: 344: 342: 338: 334: 329: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 283: 272: 269: 261: 258:November 2018 251: 247: 241: 240: 235:This section 233: 229: 224: 223: 217: 212: 208: 206: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 182: 180: 179:customary law 176: 168: 163: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 138: 136: 131: 129: 125: 121: 117: 112: 110: 105: 101: 97: 96:Prison labour 93: 89: 88:death penalty 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 39: 36: 32: 27: 19: 7863:Soviet Union 7757: 7706:Work release 7667:Prison Radio 7643: 7414:Overcrowding 7097:House arrest 7051:Penal colony 6770: 6613:Queensland: 6288: 6279:Criminal law 6065: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6011: 6002: 5992: 5983: 5973: 5961:. Retrieved 5949: 5939: 5927:. Retrieved 5922: 5912: 5904:The Guardian 5903: 5893: 5884: 5854:. Retrieved 5844: 5832:. Retrieved 5805: 5790: 5780: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5742: 5733: 5718: 5659: 5638: 5626:. Retrieved 5616: 5604:. Retrieved 5600:the original 5595: 5571:. Retrieved 5567:the original 5562: 5538:. Retrieved 5535:The Guardian 5534: 5524: 5515: 5505: 5493:. Retrieved 5483: 5471:. Retrieved 5467:the original 5462: 5432:. Retrieved 5421: 5409:. Retrieved 5398: 5387: 5378: 5366:. Retrieved 5362: 5335:. Retrieved 5331: 5321: 5309:. Retrieved 5304: 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5280:The Guardian 5279: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5252: 5243: 5228:. Retrieved 5223: 5214: 5202:. Retrieved 5198: 5189: 5177:. Retrieved 5173: 5163: 5134:. Retrieved 5129: 5120: 5108:. Retrieved 5104: 5095: 5083:. Retrieved 5079:the original 5074: 5064: 5052:. Retrieved 5039: 5021: 5009:. Retrieved 4987: 4962:. Retrieved 4957: 4947: 4938: 4928: 4916:. Retrieved 4911: 4890: 4866:. Retrieved 4856: 4844:. Retrieved 4834: 4822:. Retrieved 4812: 4803: 4794: 4782:. Retrieved 4777: 4767: 4752:. Retrieved 4737: 4730: 4715:. Retrieved 4700: 4693: 4681:. Retrieved 4676: 4667: 4655:. Retrieved 4647: 4622:. Retrieved 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4576:. Retrieved 4572:the original 4563: 4554: 4542:. Retrieved 4538: 4528: 4516:. Retrieved 4512: 4503: 4491:. Retrieved 4487:the original 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4452: 4443: 4431:. Retrieved 4426: 4402:. Retrieved 4397: 4361:. Retrieved 4356: 4347: 4335:. Retrieved 4330: 4321: 4309:. Retrieved 4304: 4295: 4283:. Retrieved 4278: 4254:. Retrieved 4249: 4225:. Retrieved 4220: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4194: 4185: 4173:. Retrieved 4168: 4159: 4147:. Retrieved 4142: 4133: 4121:. Retrieved 4116: 4107: 4095:. Retrieved 4090: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4064: 4055: 4043:. Retrieved 4030: 4018:. Retrieved 4013: 3989:. Retrieved 3984: 3975: 3963:. Retrieved 3958: 3949: 3937:. Retrieved 3932: 3908:. Retrieved 3903: 3894: 3882:. Retrieved 3869: 3857:. Retrieved 3852: 3828:. Retrieved 3823: 3810: 3798:. Retrieved 3793: 3730: 3718:. Retrieved 3714: 3704: 3692:. Retrieved 3688: 3667: 3658: 3646:. Retrieved 3642: 3633: 3621:. Retrieved 3617: 3608: 3600:the original 3590: 3578:. Retrieved 3574:the original 3569: 3545:. Retrieved 3540: 3531: 3521: 3514: 3506:The Guardian 3505: 3496: 3484:. Retrieved 3479: 3470: 3458:. Retrieved 3454:the original 3449: 3440: 3428:. Retrieved 3424: 3377: 3371: 3345: 3335: 3304: 3300: 3292:The Guardian 3291: 3281: 3272: 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3246: 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3194:. Retrieved 3184: 3149:. Retrieved 3115:. Retrieved 3105: 3093:. Retrieved 3083: 3049:. Retrieved 3044: 3020:. Retrieved 3016:the original 2991:. Retrieved 2891: 2883: 2875: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2840: 2826: 2765:Redruth Gaol 2710: 2665: 2652: 2637: 2634: 2626: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2602:third gender 2598: 2587: 2563: 2549: 2540: 2533: 2520: 2513: 2501: 2489: 2482:if injured. 2469: 2461: 2341: 2337: 2317:Unsentenced 2263: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2239: 2227: 2145: 2136:masturbation 2124: 2116:Dylan Voller 2108:Four Corners 2102:In 2016 the 2101: 2083: 2080: 2063: 2056: 2040: 2024: 2003:on prisons. 1998: 1811: 1809: 1797: 1788: 1779: 1771: 1769:was opened. 1764: 1753: 1726: 1723: 1710: 1669: 1654: 1614:South Africa 1547: 1544: 1535: 1501: 1403: 1395: 1228: 1202: 1169: 1159: 1149: 1130: 1123: 1102: 1098: 1082:homelessness 1071: 1063: 1054: 1051: 498: 471: 463: 459: 437: 418: 407: 404: 385: 363: 359: 345: 330: 323: 295:Port Jackson 289: 264: 255: 244:Please help 239:verification 236: 172: 139: 132: 113: 85: 52: 51: 38: 26: 7835:North Korea 7828:New Zealand 7421:Pay-to-stay 6848:Criminology 6366:Bushrangers 5963:12 November 5929:12 November 5628:12 November 5606:12 November 5573:12 November 5495:16 February 5473:12 November 5085:10 November 5054:10 November 5011:12 November 4964:12 November 4918:12 November 4868:12 November 4846:12 November 4824:12 November 4578:12 November 4509:"Australia" 4453:She Defined 4433:12 November 4285:12 November 4256:12 November 4227:12 November 4201:12 November 4175:12 November 4149:12 November 4123:12 November 4097:12 November 4071:12 November 4045:12 November 4020:12 November 3991:12 November 3965:12 November 3939:12 November 3910:12 November 3884:12 November 3859:12 November 3830:12 November 3800:12 November 3685:"Australia" 3566:"Australia" 3522:John Hudson 3486:28 February 3460:28 February 3430:12 November 3253:13 November 3226:12 November 3196:12 November 3151:12 November 3117:12 November 3095:12 November 3051:12 November 2993:12 November 2829:bushrangers 2476:payroll tax 2384:Queensland 1747:). In 2007 1675:released". 1646:South Korea 1610:Philippines 1586:Afghanistan 1578:South Sudan 1550:New Zealand 1438:Queensland 1275:Queensland 388:Ronald Ryan 370:First Fleet 7976:Categories 7749:By country 7386:Informants 7301:Literature 7240:Helicopter 7199:Sally port 7164:Commissary 7142:Components 7035:Chain gang 7021:Labor camp 7007:Internment 6972:Black site 6869:Punishment 6730:(Victoria) 6631:Victoria: 6625:Tasmania: 6289:Punishment 6228:Corruption 5434:6 February 5411:6 February 4544:26 October 4518:26 October 4493:26 October 4459:26 October 4404:1 November 4363:1 November 4337:1 November 4311:1 November 3824:aic.gov.au 3794:aic.gov.au 3648:5 November 3623:5 November 3580:5 November 3547:5 November 3541:ABC Sydney 3480:SMH.com.au 3022:5 November 2963:References 2862:Underbelly 2835:Television 2678:impounding 2648:think tank 2595:Statistics 2498:Queensland 2297:Sentenced 2053:Statistics 2011:See also: 1694:See also: 1133:Aboriginal 497:Rate (per 428:See also: 311:Queensland 29:See also: 7758:Australia 7490:Sexuality 7379:Education 7338:Tattooing 7132:Death row 7028:Battalion 6887:Prisoners 6202:Melbourne 6074:2207-0850 5958:2206-7280 5925:. The Age 5540:29 August 5337:23 August 5311:23 August 5285:23 August 5259:23 August 5136:17 August 5110:17 August 4784:28 August 3362:147807434 2850:Wentworth 2670:Monetary 2417:Tasmania 2373:Victoria 2168:Aged 40+ 1925:Victoria 1876:Victoria 1861:Victoria 1606:Sri Lanka 1598:Hong Kong 1462:Tasmania 1430:Victoria 1335:Tasmania 1255:Victoria 372:in 1788. 305:from the 73:probation 7919:Scotland 7554:(Brazil) 7518:Violence 7467:Religion 7308:American 7157:Cemetery 7125:Supermax 7044:Military 6986:Debtors' 6910:Detainee 6903:Criminal 6855:Penology 6745:CrimTrac 6192:Canberra 6187:Brisbane 6177:Adelaide 5797:Archived 5747:Archived 5725:Archived 5672:Archived 5648:Archived 5368:6 August 5253:BBC News 5230:6 August 5204:6 August 5179:6 August 4804:BBC News 4657:9 August 4648:ABC News 4539:ABC News 3720:6 August 3715:triple j 3694:6 August 2901:See also 2855:Prisoner 2842:Prisoner 2486:Victoria 2283:Hanging 2106:aired a 1488:By crime 1227:Percent 439:Flogging 392:executed 366:burglary 339:and the 326:Victoria 315:Tasmania 192:Duelling 154:refugees 116:supermax 7960:Commons 7898:Bermuda 7886:Ukraine 7814:Jamaica 7793:Iceland 7786:Germany 7779:Estonia 7731:Prisons 7511:Suicide 7504:Strikes 7263:Culture 7192:Officer 7185:Nursery 7178:Library 7065:Private 6956:Prisons 6917:Hostage 6896:Convict 6840:Science 6354:History 6298:Prisons 5856:23 June 5834:23 June 5720:The Age 5101:"About" 4754:14 June 4717:13 June 4683:13 June 2713:museums 2640:The Age 2196:Prison 2176:Police 2165:Female 1690:Prisons 1638:Germany 1570:Somalia 1558:Lebanon 1554:Vietnam 1238:12,372 1068:Females 1041:40,591 1028:42,970 1015:41,060 1002:43,028 989:42,974 976:41,202 963:38,845 950:36,134 937:33,791 924:30,775 911:29,383 898:29,106 885:29,700 872:29,317 859:27,615 846:25,801 833:24,762 820:24,392 807:23,149 794:23,555 781:22,492 768:22,458 755:21,714 742:20,609 727:19,906 710:19,082 695:18,193 682:17,428 669:16,944 656:15,866 643:15,559 630:15,021 617:14,305 602:10,196 589:12,321 576:12,113 563:11,497 550:10,196 537:10,844 524:10,196 503:Source 494:Number 164:History 65:prisons 7879:Turkey 7856:Russia 7842:Norway 7224:Escape 7213:Warden 7014:Island 6754:Topics 6274:Courts 6212:Sydney 6197:Darwin 6072: 5956: 4745: 4708: 4624:7 June 3570:NSWCCL 3392: 3360: 2745:J Ward 2620:Parole 2584:Parole 2504:doonas 2492:Qantas 2434:6.95% 2423:3.47% 2379:22.6% 2368:29.5% 2292:Other 2019:, and 1642:Taiwan 1634:Greece 1630:Turkey 1622:Canada 1473:1,027 1370:87.0† 1358:1,934 1318:6,276 1298:3,049 1278:9,376 1258:6,569 1172:Bourke 1092:, who 725:18,692 615:12,965 511:9,826 432:, and 335:, the 317:, and 299:Sydney 124:remand 69:parole 7870:Gulag 7821:Japan 7800:India 7772:China 7765:Chile 7716:Lists 7483:Riots 7356:Abuse 7331:Slang 7315:Blogs 6964:Types 6945:Slave 6736:(NSW) 6207:Perth 6062:(PDF) 5668:(PDF) 5651:(PDF) 5048:(PDF) 5031:(PDF) 4039:(PDF) 3878:(PDF) 3820:(PDF) 3358:S2CID 3323:(PDF) 3309: 3220:(PDF) 3145:(PDF) 2672:fines 2445:2.6% 2412:9.5% 2401:9.5% 2162:Male 2047:Labor 1988:Serco 1972:Serco 1944:Serco 1749:Serco 1626:Italy 1602:India 1594:China 1590:Tonga 1582:Samoa 1574:Sudan 1390:25.2 1384:94.5 1364:93.9 1350:22.7 1344:92.9 1330:40.2 1324:91.0 1310:24.4 1304:93.1 1290:36.4 1284:90.9 1270:10.6 1264:94.7 1250:29.1 1244:93.4 1176:Dubbo 1060:Males 1038:2022 1025:2021 1012:2020 999:2019 986:2018 973:2017 960:2016 947:2015 934:2014 921:2013 908:2012 895:2011 882:2010 869:2009 856:2008 843:2007 830:2006 817:2005 804:2004 791:2003 778:2002 765:2001 752:2000 739:1999 722:1998 707:1997 692:1996 679:1995 666:1994 653:1993 640:1992 627:1991 612:1990 599:1989 586:1988 573:1987 560:1986 547:1985 534:1984 521:1983 508:1982 491:Year 297:(now 211:magic 7849:Peru 7451:Rape 7393:LGBT 7324:Ring 7285:Gang 7278:Film 7171:Food 7150:Cell 7111:Open 7072:Ship 7000:Farm 6070:ISSN 5965:2018 5954:ISSN 5931:2018 5858:2019 5836:2019 5630:2018 5608:2018 5575:2018 5542:2018 5497:2023 5475:2018 5436:2022 5413:2022 5370:2020 5339:2020 5332:NITV 5313:2020 5287:2020 5261:2020 5232:2020 5206:2020 5199:RACP 5181:2020 5138:2023 5112:2023 5087:2018 5056:2018 5013:2018 4966:2018 4920:2018 4870:2018 4848:2018 4826:2018 4786:2020 4756:2020 4743:ISBN 4719:2020 4706:ISBN 4685:2020 4677:ALRC 4659:2022 4626:2020 4580:2018 4546:2021 4520:2021 4495:2021 4461:2021 4435:2018 4406:2023 4365:2023 4339:2023 4313:2023 4287:2018 4258:2018 4229:2018 4203:2018 4177:2018 4151:2018 4125:2018 4099:2018 4073:2018 4047:2018 4022:2018 3993:2018 3967:2018 3941:2018 3912:2018 3886:2018 3861:2018 3832:2018 3802:2018 3722:2020 3696:2020 3650:2018 3625:2018 3582:2018 3549:2018 3488:2019 3462:2019 3432:2018 3390:ISBN 3317:562 3255:2018 3228:2018 3198:2018 3153:2018 3119:2018 3097:2018 3053:2018 3024:2018 2995:2018 2877:Stir 2870:Film 2390:15% 2323:57% 2320:39% 2303:10% 2300:83% 2211:22% 2208:79% 2202:97% 2199:115 2191:19% 2188:56% 2185:12% 2182:88% 2025:The 1743:and 1650:Fiji 1648:and 1588:and 1566:Iraq 1562:Iran 1496:and 1481:107 1465:138 1457:293 1449:212 1441:229 1433:127 1425:195 1387:5.5 1378:381 1367:5.9 1347:6.8 1338:630 1327:8.9 1307:7.0 1287:9.1 1267:5.2 1247:6.6 1181:TAFE 1150:The 1135:and 1118:and 1044:201 1031:214 1018:205 1005:219 992:221 979:216 966:208 953:196 940:186 927:170 914:168 901:167 888:170 875:175 862:169 849:163 836:158 823:157 810:151 797:153 784:148 771:151 758:148 745:144 732:139 715:134 700:131 685:127 672:125 659:119 646:118 633:116 620:112 605:103 592:100 579:101 408:The 349:(an 284:and 86:The 33:and 7602:POA 7271:Art 6335:ACT 6330:Tas 6315:Qld 6310:Vic 6305:NSW 6156:ACT 6151:Tas 6136:Qld 6131:Vic 6126:NSW 5237:PDF 3382:doi 3350:doi 3315:CLR 2409:11 2398:11 2387:18 2376:26 2365:34 2332:0% 2329:4% 2326:0% 2312:1% 2309:2% 2306:4% 2205:3% 2179:34 2104:ABC 2059:SBS 2043:ACT 1895:MTC 1865:G4S 1850:G4S 1381:+1 1361:+8 1341:-2 1321:-7 1301:-2 1281:-6 1261:-9 1241:-6 730:133 713:130 698:126 566:98 553:94 540:86 527:92 514:90 248:by 7978:: 6340:NT 6325:SA 6320:WA 6161:NT 6146:SA 6141:WA 6064:. 6038:. 6020:. 6001:. 5982:. 5948:. 5921:. 5902:. 5883:. 5866:^ 5819:^ 5795:. 5789:. 5770:. 5766:. 5741:. 5723:. 5717:. 5705:^ 5680:^ 5594:. 5583:^ 5561:. 5550:^ 5533:. 5514:. 5461:. 5444:^ 5386:. 5361:. 5347:^ 5330:. 5303:. 5278:. 5251:. 5222:. 5197:. 5172:. 5146:^ 5128:. 5103:. 5073:. 4996:^ 4986:. 4974:^ 4956:. 4937:. 4910:. 4899:^ 4889:. 4878:^ 4802:. 4776:. 4675:. 4650:. 4646:. 4634:^ 4614:. 4596:. 4566:. 4562:. 4537:. 4511:. 4481:. 4451:. 4425:. 4414:^ 4396:. 4373:^ 4355:. 4329:. 4303:. 4277:. 4266:^ 4248:. 4237:^ 4219:. 4193:. 4167:. 4141:. 4115:. 4089:. 4063:. 4012:. 4001:^ 3983:. 3957:. 3931:. 3920:^ 3902:. 3851:. 3840:^ 3822:. 3792:. 3742:^ 3713:. 3687:. 3676:^ 3666:. 3641:. 3616:. 3568:. 3557:^ 3539:. 3504:. 3478:. 3448:. 3423:. 3403:^ 3388:, 3380:, 3356:. 3348:. 3344:. 3325:. 3290:. 3271:. 3245:. 3206:^ 3161:^ 3127:^ 3061:^ 3043:. 3032:^ 3003:^ 2978:^ 2715:. 2600:X/ 2442:3 2431:8 2420:4 2122:. 2015:, 1812:or 1762:. 1739:, 1644:, 1640:, 1636:, 1632:, 1628:, 1624:, 1616:, 1612:, 1608:, 1604:, 1600:, 1596:, 1584:, 1580:, 1576:, 1572:, 1568:, 1564:, 1560:, 1556:, 1552:, 1195:. 1096:. 477:. 343:. 321:. 313:, 130:. 75:, 71:, 6825:e 6818:t 6811:v 6421:e 6414:t 6407:v 6104:e 6097:t 6090:v 6076:. 6042:. 6024:. 6005:. 5986:. 5967:. 5933:. 5906:. 5860:. 5838:. 5774:. 5632:. 5610:. 5577:. 5544:. 5518:. 5499:. 5477:. 5438:. 5415:. 5372:. 5341:. 5315:. 5289:. 5263:. 5234:. 5208:. 5183:. 5140:. 5114:. 5089:. 5058:. 5015:. 4990:. 4968:. 4941:. 4922:. 4893:. 4872:. 4850:. 4828:. 4788:. 4758:. 4721:. 4687:. 4661:. 4628:. 4582:. 4548:. 4522:. 4497:. 4463:. 4437:. 4408:. 4367:. 4341:. 4315:. 4289:. 4260:. 4231:. 4205:. 4179:. 4153:. 4127:. 4101:. 4075:. 4049:. 4024:. 3995:. 3969:. 3943:. 3914:. 3888:. 3863:. 3834:. 3804:. 3724:. 3698:. 3670:. 3652:. 3627:. 3584:. 3551:. 3490:. 3464:. 3434:. 3384:: 3364:. 3352:: 3294:. 3257:. 3230:. 3200:. 3155:. 3121:. 3099:. 3055:. 3026:. 2997:. 2857:. 1897:- 271:) 265:( 260:) 256:( 242:. 213:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Punishment in Australia

Index