289:
Pellina organized a large reception, officially announcing her intention to remarry her daughter. In the meantime, Luc, her youngest son, fell ill and was brought to Genoa by his grandfather Luca
Spinola. Luc died in Genoa at the age of 4 before being buried there. Honoré accused his daughter-in-law of being responsible for his death. Negotiations were then started by Luca and Pellina Spinola with Honoré II, in order to consider a new marriage for Aurelia. She once again found herself in the middle of the intrigues of her stepfather, who wanted her to take care of his children in Monco, and her mother, Pellina, who wanted her to remarry. At the end, her freedom was the subject of a contract, Honoré offered to pay 10,000 crowns per year so that Aurelia would remain a widow and continue to take care of her children at his court. Aurelia's parents accepted but she felt betrayed. She therefore returned to Monaco and reunited with her son Louis, alternating prayer and cultural entertainment.
193:. Aurelia grew up in a rich aristocratic atmosphere, open to Europe and very cosmopolitan, a life made up of salons, receptions, banquets and meetings. Thanks to her parents, she experienced social life and received a refined education. She knew how to read, write and count and thanks to her mother she also mastered singing, music, dancing and embroidery. It was only later that she approached religion and prayer which always served as comfort to her in the dramatic moments of her existence. She had a particular devotion to the crucifix and although she felt drawn to the religious vocation, she knew she was destined to marry. During her parents' trip to
178:, daughter of Luca Spinola, son of Gaspare who was the son of Gioffredo, Prince of Molfetta, and of Pellina Spinola who was the daughter of Giovanni Battista Spinola, 1st Duke of San Pietro, and Maria Spinola, daughter of Filippo. Luca Spinola, his father, was an influential figure who owned many palaces, including the palace today known as Spinola Pessagno, located on the hill of Santa Caterina. She was heir to part of the great inheritance of her paternal uncle
329:
returned to Genoa to follow her business, then returned to Aix again. While being surrounded by friends and continuing her treatment and despite the pain, she continued to attend masses, ceremonies, violin and organ concerts. Even in the last days of her life, her character was put to the test and, resisting the insistence of
300:
against the loyalty owed to the Court of France. Aurelia left for Paris with the intention of asserting her rights directly in the presence of the King. In Paris, she remained for 26 months continuing to demand justice for the recognition of her rights as
Duchess of Valentinois against the actions of
284:
who was only 13 years old. However, Aurelia soon found herself isolated and helpless. Relations with his father-in-law deteriorated despite an apparent facade of courtesy, notably because of the intrigues ordered by the court favorite of Honoré II, but also because of their difference in fortune, the
244:
with a pro-Spanish family undermined the rapprochement with the French, while for others, the aim of the marriage with a
Genoese aristocrat belonging to an openly philosophical family was, for Honored, to deceive the Spanish, demonstrating an unshakable alliance. The marriage was celebrated in Monaco
446:
Ercole
Grimali and Aurélia Spinola had 7 children together in just 10 years: Louis, born July 25, 1642 ; Hippolyte Marie, in 1644 ; Marie Jeanne in 1645 ; Dévote-Marie-Renée in 1646; Luc-François-Marie-Charles, says "The Little Knight" in 1648 ; Marie Thérèse in 1650 ; Marie
271:
after dinner, in the garden of Saint-Ambroise near the convent of Carnolès, one of the guards accidentally killed Prince Ercole. Aurélia, against the wishes of her parents, decided, for the good of her children, to stay at the
Monegasque Court. She received letters of condolence and affection from
328:
In 1666, Aurelia finally obtained her titles, her lands, her rights, but in 1667 she began to suffer from abdominal pain. In search of help and care, a long journey begins to
Provence, Montpellier, Marseille and Monaco, where she is warmly welcomed. She stayed a short time in Aix en Provence then
313:
In 1663, Pellina
Spinola died in Genoa and despite the deep pain, Aurelie found herself an heiress and had to share an immense patrimony with her only sister Veronica. In 1664, after moving to Genoa to the palace on Via Garibaldi, Aurelia found herself faced with another obstacle : a dispute
288:
To satisfy the wishes of her mother who wanted her to remarry, Aurelia left Monaco and went to Genoa with some of her children, Luc, Marie
Pelline and Marie Jeanne. Louis, the eldest and heir to the throne, stayed with her grandfather Honoré II. On the occasion of the galleys' stopover in Savona,
368:
became advisor to
Aurelia Spinola, after his widowhood led him into exile outside Monaco. While traveling with her through France and Italy to different European courts to help her claim her rights, the cleric continued to cultivate his literary interests and became friends with
409:
Relics of
Aurelia Spinola's patron saint, Saint Aurelia of Rome, were kept by the Spinola family . On the occasion of her marriage to Ercole Grimaldi, these relics were given to Honoré II by Luca Spinola. The relics arrived on 22 juillet 1641 in
385:
are forgotten. It is Frugoni's message which undoubtedly exaggerates, presenting Aurelia Spinola as a saint, sacrificed on the altar of political reason but who perfectly reincarnates a woman tormented between the love of God and the love for
301:
Honoré II. In 1661, Aurelia Spinola's first grandson, Antoine, was born. A year later, Honoré II died, which allowed Aurélia to get closer to her son Louis, well introduced to the Court of France thanks to his marriage to
255:. Aurelia's situation was already delicate, considered at Court as a spy and a possible traitor to Monegasque pro-French policy, she nevertheless appropriated the customs and uses of her new homeland.
775:
217:, asks for her hand, Luca and Pellina readily accepted, preferring a good marriage to a life in a convent for their daughter. She was the second woman of the Genoese House of Spinola to enter into a
377:(The intrepid heroine) which he published in 1673 and leaves the testimony of the courage of this mistreated princess whose virtues he describes "with almost maniacal attention to detail."
314:
against his sister for the sharing of movable and immovable property from his parents' inheritance. Veronica physically prevented Aurelia, upon her return from Paris, from entering the
664:
Genua tempu fĂ : dipinti di pittori attivi a Genova tra Seicento e Settecento e relazioni artistico-culturali tra la Repubblica Ligure et il Principato di Monaco, italien
761:
373:, the most important Italian literary theorist from the Baroque era. From this adventure with the princess, Frugoni left a fictionalized biography entitled
333:
who wanted to force her to modify her will in favor of her only son Louis, today head of the Grimaldi family of Monaco. She pushed him away vigorously.
340:
on September 29, 1670. Her heart and brain were offered to the church of La Celle, while her body was transported to Genoa and buried in the church of
939:
929:
718:
569:"Le destin d'Aurelia Spinola, une aristocrate du XVIIe siècle partagée entre Gênes, Monaco et la France. Première partie et deuxième partie"
516:"Le destin d'Aurelia Spinola, une aristocrate du XVIIe siècle partagée entre Gênes, Monaco et la France. Première partie et deuxième partie"
494:"Le destin d'Aurelia Spinola, une aristocrate du XVIIe siècle partagée entre Gênes, Monaco et la France. Première partie et deuxième partie"
427:
395:
In the archives of the Palace of Monaco and the official histories, little mention is made of Aurelia Spinola, whom the national press of
934:
768:
418:, His Excellency Jacquemin Marenco, with the expertise of a doctor. The cult and a public office were approved the following year by
150:
836:
285:
father-in-law now being separated of any claim on the immense property of the Spinola family which remained faithful to Spain.
804:
542:
415:
784:
210:
914:
330:
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on July 7, 1641, and the celebrations lasted three days. A few months later, on November 17, 1641, Honoré succeeded in a
919:
876:
237:
820:
27:
614:
590:
302:
909:
226:
154:
81:
348:. She shared her assets equally between her children, whether they were married or had chosen a religious life.
422:. The feast of Saint Aurélie was celebrated with great fervor every first Sunday in August in Monaco until the
365:
263:
On August 2, 1641, Aurelia accompanied Prince Ercole and their son Louis on a pilgrimage to the church of the
924:
844:
828:
568:
515:
493:
69:
179:
735:
662:
904:
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still in the context of a political crisis in the Principality presents as a Spanish "spy" in 2024.
860:
796:
240:, while tilting the balance of the Principality's alliances towards France. While for some, this
233:
214:
158:
640:
L'heroina intrepida, ovvero La duchessa di Valentinese. Historia curiosissima del nostro secolo
812:
714:
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456:
423:
382:
316:
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by eliminating the Spanish garrison and on November 24, and a French garrison took control of
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153:, whom she survived after his accidental death in the use of a firearm. Their eldest son,
59:
292:
In 1656, Luca Spinola, father of Aurelia, died of the plague. The same year, Honoré II
197:
to manage their Molfetta estate, Aurelia spent time at the convent of San Silvestro in
189:
Pellina, her mother, was a woman of strong character considered to be the head of the
893:
241:
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was a 17th-century Genoese noblewoman, Princess of Monaco by her marriage to Prince
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Aurelia, removing her from Monaco and stripping her of her titles, accusing her of
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638:
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852:
435:
264:
293:
281:
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344:, guarded by two of her daughters. who were nuns, at the convent of the
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106:
753:
466:
431:
411:
194:
595:(in French). Imprimerie et lithographie d'Eug. Jourdain. p. 328
543:"Aurelia Spinola, une espionne chez les Grimaldi de Monaco ?"
175:
43:
737:
Princes of Monaco: The Remarkable History of the Grimaldi Family
198:
757:
201:
where lived one of her maternal aunts, Sister Maria Serafina.
709:
Claude Passet; Philippe Blanc; Luc Thévenon (December 2010).
713:(in French). Monaco/Paris: Editions du Rocher. p. 110.
236:
to suppress the Spanish garrison based in Monaco since the
414:, and were authenticated on the following 3 août by the
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128:
105:
91:
75:
65:
49:
37:
33:
26:
21:
280:, who reigned in the name of her son the future
229:who acceded to the throne on 12 September 1331.
430:of which she is one of the patron saints, with
426:. She is still in the liturgical proper of the
379:
209:When Ercole Grimaldi, Marquis des Baux, son of
405:A lasting Monegasque devotion to Saint Aurélie
769:
8:
225:after the betrothing of Lucchina Spinola to
320:and forced her to initiate a costly trial.
182:and brother of Brigida Spinola, painted by
776:
762:
754:
18:
643:(in Italian). Presso Combi & La NoĂą
616:The History of Monaco, Past and Present
477:
667:(in Italian). Maison d'art. p. 43
331:Cardinal Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni
88:
536:
534:
532:
487:
485:
483:
481:
232:In 1640, Honoré secretly appealed to
7:
174:Aurelia Spinola was born in 1620 in
267:in Menton, when suddenly, during a
161:upon the death of his grandfather.
14:
637:Francesco Fuluio Frugoni (1673).
837:Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz
734:Bernardy, Françoise de (1961).
619:. Tinsley Brothers. p. 148
28:Princess heir consort of Monaco
16:Princess heir consort of Monaco
940:Mothers of Monegasque monarchs
805:Catherine Charlotte de Gramont
661:Gallo, Marzia Cataldi (1997).
352:Posterity: a contrasted legacy
70:Prince Ercole, Marquis of Baux
1:
930:17th-century Italian nobility
541:André Peyregne (2024-03-03).
492:Raffaella Noero (2008–2009).
336:Aurelia died in her house in
238:Treaty of Tordesillas in 1524
956:
935:17th-century Italian women
381:Too often, the victims of
276:, notably from the regent
211:Prince Honoré II of Monaco
821:Jacques Goyon de Matignon
791:
227:Charles I, Lord of Monaco
96:
87:
82:Louis I, Prince of Monaco
567:Raffaella Noero (2008).
514:Raffaella Noero (2008).
366:Francesco Fulvio Frugoni
151:Ercole, Marquis de Beaux
829:Maria Caterina Brignole
740:. A. Barker. p. 79
711:La Cathédrale de Monaco
589:Henri MĂ©tivier (1865).
317:Palazzo di Strada Nuova
686:"L' Heroina intrepida"
613:Pemberton, H. (1867).
388:
259:Duchess of Valentinois
180:Giovanni Stefano Doria
592:Monaco et ses Princes
428:Archdiocese of Monaco
342:Santa Teresa in Genoa
97:Maria Aurelia Spinola
915:Princesses of Monaco
845:Antoinette de MĂ©rode
578:(in French) (32–33).
525:(in French) (32–33).
346:Discalced Carmelites
303:Charlotte de Gramont
219:matrimonial alliance
920:Nobility from Genoa
861:Ghislaine Dommanget
785:Monegasque consorts
576:Annales Monégasques
523:Annales Monégasques
501:Annales Monégasques
375:L'heroina intrepida
877:Charlene Wittstock
797:Ippolita Trivulzio
383:national interests
309:Life of an heiress
234:Cardinal Richelieu
215:Ippolita Trivulzio
910:House of Grimaldi
887:
886:
813:Marie of Lorraine
720:978-2-268-07070-4
690:Fondation Spinola
462:History of Monaco
447:Pelline in 1651.
424:French Revolution
391:A defamed traitor
223:House of Grimaldi
184:Peter Paul Rubens
155:Louis I of Monaco
144:
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120:House of Grimaldi
101:
100:
57:(aged 49–50)
53:29 September 1670
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363:Franciscan minim
191:House of Spinola
159:Prince of Monaco
114:House of Spinola
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357:A literary hero
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338:Aix-en-Provence
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278:Anne of Austria
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170:Birth and youth
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147:Aurelia Spinola
140:Pellina Spinola
60:Aix-en-Provence
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54:
42:
22:Aurelia Spinola
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879:(2011–present)
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432:Sainte DĂ©vote
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361:In 1652, the
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242:love marriage
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122:(by marriage)
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742:. Retrieved
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693:. Retrieved
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645:. Retrieved
639:
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621:. Retrieved
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597:. Retrieved
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551:. Retrieved
547:Monaco-Matin
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509:
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408:
398:Monaco-Matin
397:
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360:
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298:high treason
291:
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274:French court
262:
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246:
231:
208:
188:
173:
146:
145:
132:Luca Spinola
55:(1670-09-29)
905:1670 deaths
900:1620 births
871:(1956–1982)
869:Grace Kelly
863:(1946–1949)
855:(1889–1922)
853:Alice Heine
847:(1856–1864)
839:(1841–1856)
831:(1757–1770)
815:(1701–1724)
807:(1662–1678)
799:(1616–1638)
549:(in French)
442:Descendants
436:Saint Roman
248:coup d'Ă©tat
894:Categories
744:2024-03-11
695:2024-03-11
671:2024-03-11
647:2024-03-11
623:2024-03-11
599:2024-03-11
553:2024-03-11
473:References
324:Last years
294:ostracized
269:blank shot
265:Recollects
116:(by birth)
282:Louis XIV
253:Le Rocher
221:with the
186:in 1606.
165:Biography
157:, became
503:(32–33).
451:See also
205:Marriage
823:(1731)
717:
467:Monaco
412:Monaco
195:Naples
137:Mother
129:Father
66:Spouse
572:(PDF)
519:(PDF)
497:(PDF)
176:Genoa
107:House
92:Names
77:Issue
44:Genoa
715:ISBN
434:and
420:Rome
386:men.
272:the
213:and
199:Pisa
50:Died
41:1620
38:Born
896::
688:.
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531:^
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480:^
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777:e
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