779:
574:
949:
807:
2907:, "Sequencing of 81 entire human mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) belonging to haplogroups M1 and U6 reveals that these predominantly North African clades arose in southwestern Asia and moved together to Africa about 40,000 to 45,000 years ago. Their arrival temporally overlaps with the event(s) that led to the peopling of Europe by modern humans and was most likely the result of the same change in climate conditions that allowed humans to enter the Levant, opening the way to the colonization of both Europe and North Africa. Thus, the early Upper Palaeolithic population(s) carrying M1 and U6 did not return to Africa along the southern coastal route of the "out of Africa" exit, but from the Mediterranean area; and the North African Dabban and European Aurignacian industries derived from a common Levantine source."
550:
968:
1053:
1346:
933:
823:
1385:
562:
791:
33:
921:
889:
763:
144:
590:
1147:
602:
739:
2550:
Eurasian Upper
Paleolithic in the Russian Plains. Thus far, these marks on mobile objects have been interpreted as hunting tallies, arithmetic counting systems, or lunar notation, whereas others have suggested aesthetic purposes. The looping curve represented on the Stajnia pendant is similar to the engraved patterns of the Blanchard plaque. Whether these marks indicate cyclic notations or kill scores remain an open question, although the resemblance with the lunar analemma is striking.
646:
661:
39:
673:
697:
724:
1370:
709:
751:
909:
1399:
877:
685:
2652:
have advanced our understanding of the
European past, revealing contributions from Paleolithic Siberians, European Mesolithic, and Near Eastern Neolithic groups to the European gene pool, the possible contribution of the earliest Eurasians to these later cultures and to contemporary human populations remains unknown. To investigate this, we sequenced the genome of Kostenki 14 (K14, Markina Gora)
618:
634:
327:
1154:
1170:
1234:
1186:
1202:
1218:
573:
3562:
3036:
Seguin-Orlando, A.; Korneliussen, T. S.; Sikora, M.; Malaspinas, A.-S.; Manica, A.; Moltke, I.; Albrechtsen, A.; Ko, A.; Margaryan, A.; Moiseyev, V.; Goebel, T.; Westaway, M.; Lambert, D.; Khartanovich, V.; Wall, J. D.; Nigst, P. R.; Foley, R. A.; Lahr, M. M.; Nielsen, R.; Orlando, L.; Willerslev, E.
2702:
The determination of a complete genome from ancient mtDNA extracted from a skeleton associated with Layer III at
Kostenki 14 indicates that mtDNA subgroup U2 is represented among the people who occupied the central East European Plain at ca. 35,000 cal BP. This subgroup is widely distributed today in
2872:
Forster, P.; Romano, V.; Olivieri, A.; Achilli, A.; Pala, M.; Battaglia, V.; Fornarino, S.; Al-Zahery, N.; Scozzari, R.; Cruciani, F.; Behar, D. M.; Dugoujon, J.-M.; Coudray, C.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S.; Semino, O.; Bandelt, H.-J.; Torroni, A. (2007). "Timing of a Back-Migration into Africa".
1009:
in Europe. Human remains and Late
Aurignacian artifacts found in juxtaposition support this inference. Although finds of human skeletal remains in direct association with Proto-Aurignacian technologies are scarce in Europe, the few available are also probably modern human. The best dated association
2824:
Demographic estimates are presented for the
Aurignacian techno-complex (~42,000 to 33,000 y calBP) and discussed in the context of socio-spatial organization of hunter-gatherer populations. Results of the analytical approach applied estimate a mean of 1,500 persons (upper limit: 3,300; lower limit:
2651:
The few AMH fossils associated with these initial UP industries are morphologically variable. In western
Eurasia, the distinctive Aurignacian toolkit, first observed at Willendorf (Austria) by 43.5 ka, became predominant across the earlier range by 39 ka. Although analyses of ancient human genomes
3199:
The UP branch would have then emerged from a putative OoA population Hub well after 45 ka, a scenario that finds support in previous hypotheses on the appearance of UP techno-complexes (e.g. Aurignacian) in Europe, although the role of migrations and exchange between Europe, Western Asia, and the
1033:. Although not associated directly with archaeological material, these finds are within the chronological and geographical range of the Early Aurignacian in southeastern Europe. On genetic evidence it has been argued that both Aurignacian and the Dabba culture of North Africa came from an earlier
486:
in
Germany. One of the horses, amongst six tiny mammoth and horse ivory figures found previously at Vogelherd, was sculpted as skillfully as any piece found throughout the Upper Paleolithic. The production of ivory beads for body ornamentation was also important during the Aurignacian. The famous
2761:
The newly obtained dates make it possible to state that the burial in
Markina Gora, according to calibrated data, is dated to within 38700-36200 years ago . By the European scale, these dates synchronized it with the earliest Aurignacian complexes, among which the burial under study has a unique
2986:
Sikora, Martin; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Sousa, Vitor C.; Albrechtsen, Anders; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Ko, Amy; Rasmussen, Simon; Dupanloup, Isabelle; Nigst, Philip R.; Bosch, Marjolein D.; Renaud, Gabriel; Allentoft, Morten E.; Margaryan, Ashot; Vasilyev, Sergey V.; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta V.;
2549:
Here, we report the discovery of the oldest known human-modified punctate ornament, a decorated ivory pendant from the
Paleolithic layers at Stajnia Cave in Poland. ... The punctate decorative motif is one of the artistic innovations that developed during the Early Aurignacian in Europe and the
2281:: "GoyetQ116-1 is chronologically associated with the Aurignacian cultural complex. Thus, the subsequent spread of the Vestonice Cluster, which is associated with the Gravettian cultural complex, shows that the spread of the latter culture was mediated at least in part by population movements."
1345:
2703:
southern and central Asia, the Near East, and Europe, and is linked to one of the oldest genetic markers in Europe, mtDNA haplogroup U. At
Kostenki 14, this subgroup is associated with artifacts assigned to the Gorodtsovan Culture but reinterpreted here as an Eastern Aurignacian assemblage.
318:, and also closely related to them. The Levantine Aurignacian may have preceded European Aurignacian, but there is a possibility that the Levantine Aurignacian was rather the result of reverse influence from the European Aurignacian: this remains unsettled.
778:
869:
for tools. Based on the research of scraper reduction and paleoenvironment, the early Aurignacian group moved seasonally over greater distances to procure reindeer herds within cold and open environments than those of the earlier tool cultures.
948:
235:
The Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian stages are dated between about 43,000 and 37,000 years ago. The Aurignacian proper lasted from about 37,000 to 33,000 years ago. A Late Aurignacian phase transitional with the
549:
2987:
Borutskaya, Svetlana B.; Deviese, Thibaut; Comeskey, Dan; Higham, Tom; Manica, Andrea; Foley, Robert; Meltzer, David J.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Excoffier, Laurent; Mirazon Lahr, Marta; Orlando, Ludovic; Willerslev, Eske (2017).
3200:
Levant is still debated (Conard 2002; Mellars 2006; Teyssandier 2006; Davies 2007; Hoffecker 2009; Le Brun-Ricalens et al. 2009; Nigst et al. 2014; ZilhĂŁo 2014; Hublin 2015; Bataille et al. 2020; Falcucci et al. 2020).
537:
in 2008. The flute is made from a vulture's wing bone perforated with five finger holes, and dates to approximately 35,000-40,000 years ago. A flute was also found at the Abri Blanchard in southwestern France.
806:
983:
A 2019 demographic analysis estimated a mean population of 1,500 persons (upper limit: 3,300; lower limit: 800) for western and central Europe during the Aurignacian period (~42,000 to 33,000 y cal BP).
769:
2195:
Jacobi, R.M.; Higham, T.F.G.; Haesaerts, P.; Jadin, I.; Basell, L.S. (2010). "Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: new AMS determinations for MaisiĂšres-Canal, Belgium".
822:
790:
382:(LGM), covering the period of roughly 48,000 to 15,000 years ago. In terms of population, the Aurignacian cultural complex is chronologically associated with the human remains of
932:
3092:
Caramelli, D.; Lalueza-Fox, C.; Vernesi, C.; Lari, M.; Casoli, A.; Mallegni, F.; Chiarelli, B.; Dupanloup, I.; Bertranpetit, J.; Barbujani, G.; Bertorelle, G. (May 2003).
967:
561:
3656:
5414:
5155:
4751:
589:
2837:
Bocquet-Appel, J.-P.; Demars, P.-Y.; Noiret, L.; Dobrowsky, D. (2005). "Estimates of Upper Palaeolithic meta-population size in Europe from archaeological data".
506:
in Germany. The figurine has been dated to 35,000 years ago and is the earliest known, undisputed example of a depiction of a human being in prehistoric art. The
601:
5516:
5370:
4879:
1116:
The Aurignacian material culture is associated with the expansion of 'early West Eurasians' during the Upper-Paleolithic, replacing or merging with previous
888:
3489:
1052:
580:
275:, comes from the Aurignacian or Proto-Gravettian and is dated to between 40,000 and 35,000 years ago (though now earlier figurative art may be known, see
5202:
4653:
1384:
3425:
1249:
494:. They emphasize the hips, breasts, and other body parts associated with fertility. Feet and arms are lacking or minimized. One of the most ancient
1146:
762:
660:
2266:
Lisbon: Instituto PortuguĂȘs de Arqueologia (Trabalhos de Arqueologia Bar-Yosef O, ZilhĂŁo J, Editors. Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian. 45)
3400:, Libor BalĂĄk at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research
738:
2776:"Population dynamics and socio-spatial organization of the Aurignacian: Scalable quantitative demographic data for western and central Europe"
5531:
3273:
1873:
3649:
920:
3214:"The Initial Upper Paleolithic in Central and East Asia: Blade Technology, Cultural Transmission, and Implications for Human Dispersals"
2333:
1683:
3151:
Vallini, Leonardo; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Bortolini, Eugenio; Benazzi, Stefano; Pievani, Telmo; Pagani, Luca (2022-04-07).
5526:
4780:
3686:
2241:
2127:
2095:
2025:
1998:
3595:
2401:
987:
A 2005 study estimated the population of Upper Palaeolithic Europe from 40â30 thousand years ago was 1,738â28,359 (average 4,424).
750:
672:
645:
4874:
1369:
476:
1830:
696:
120:
5399:
4790:
3828:
3642:
723:
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2422:
Conard, Nicholas; et al. (6 August 2009). "New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany".
3507:
5012:
4542:
3802:
3600:
3418:
708:
5007:
4547:
4020:
3547:
3522:
3153:"Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa"
1001:
The sophistication and self-awareness demonstrated in the work led archaeologists to consider the makers of Aurignacian
617:
454:
355:
148:
5521:
3973:
3517:
2258:
459:
Aurignacian figurines have been found depicting faunal representations of the time period associated with now-extinct
232:
out of Africa. They then migrated to Europe and created the first European culture of modern humans, the Aurignacian.
32:
3870:
2349:
Conard, Nicholas (2009). "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany".
143:
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3577:
339:
1398:
684:
633:
4987:
4896:
1866:
1596:
1508:
1117:
849:
from the Aurignacian culture are known as Mode 4, characterized by blades (rather than flakes, typical of mode 2
1966:
Haplogroup N was found in two Gravettian-era fossils, Paglicci 52 Paglicci 12, and is widespread in Central Asia
5270:
4362:
3907:
3411:
2296:
Mellars, P. (2006). "Archeology and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in Europe: Deconstructing the Aurignacian".
908:
3290:
442:
214:(EEMH) lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago. The Upper Paleolithic developed in Europe some time after the
5387:
5297:
4469:
4236:
4055:
3988:
3720:
3094:"Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans"
331:
203:
5475:
5349:
4955:
4846:
4834:
4530:
4271:
4110:
3747:
3681:
3665:
3537:
1095:
1002:
306:, with a type of blade technology very similar to the European Aurignacian, following chronologically the
276:
4417:
5214:
5150:
5024:
4717:
4643:
4412:
4350:
4226:
4174:
4167:
3713:
3623:
3461:
1823:
1645:
1627:
1037:
1018:, dated by direct radiocarbon measurements of the skeletal remains to at least 31,000â32,000 years old.
895:
299:
156:
876:
226:
form the first periods of the Upper Paleolithic, corresponding to the first stages of the expansion of
5511:
5431:
5426:
5409:
5404:
5382:
5172:
4886:
4739:
4631:
4535:
4328:
4013:
3983:
3812:
3755:
3512:
3344:
3225:
3105:
3050:
3000:
2942:
2846:
2787:
2728:
2618:
2506:
2431:
2358:
2156:
1859:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1083:
379:
284:
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4940:
4773:
4306:
4179:
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4035:
3572:
3484:
3479:
1743:
1621:
714:
608:
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272:
134:
5421:
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5226:
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2540:
2455:
2382:
2313:
2212:
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1755:
1664:
1524:
1091:
1010:
between Aurignacian industries and human remains are those of at least five individuals from the
522:
518:
and dated to 40,000 years ago, is the oldest known anthropomorphic animal figurine in the world.
511:
351:
20:
3552:
1913:
1677:
1121:
1022:
106:
5463:
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4246:
4231:
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4102:
4081:
3892:
3735:
3532:
3378:
3269:
3243:
3190:
3172:
3133:
3066:
3018:
2968:
2890:
2815:
2744:
2685:
2634:
2532:
2447:
2374:
2237:
2231:
2184:
2123:
2115:
2091:
2085:
2021:
2015:
1994:
1787:
1768:
1761:
1713:
1576:
1490:
1446:
1099:
858:
391:
207:
69:
2330:
1988:
5458:
5365:
5108:
4950:
4891:
4611:
4567:
4367:
4189:
4040:
4000:
3696:
3527:
3456:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3331:
3233:
3180:
3164:
3123:
3113:
3058:
3008:
2989:"Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behaviour of early Upper Paleolithic foragers"
2958:
2950:
2882:
2854:
2805:
2795:
2736:
2677:
2626:
2571:
2522:
2514:
2439:
2366:
2305:
2204:
2174:
2164:
2145:"Out of Africa: modern human origins special feature: the spread of modern humans in Europe"
2050:
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1810:
1651:
1602:
1376:
1264:
1160:
1079:
1066:
1034:
797:
526:
245:
170:
43:
38:
5480:
5339:
5309:
5071:
4999:
4977:
4935:
4830:
4800:
4665:
4660:
4311:
4194:
3765:
3605:
3557:
3438:
3340:
2337:
2041:
H. Martin (1906). "Industrie Moustérienne perfectionnée. Station de La Quina (Charente)".
1902:
1737:
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1176:
491:
288:
1011:
730:
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3229:
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2362:
2160:
5448:
5375:
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5162:
5093:
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4854:
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4147:
4137:
3939:
3434:
3373:
3326:
3185:
3152:
2963:
2930:
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2775:
2527:
2494:
2472:
2179:
2144:
1897:
1792:
1781:
1701:
1433:
1360:
1030:
1015:
976:
624:
483:
268:
3128:
3093:
3038:
5505:
5334:
5319:
5265:
5140:
5128:
5044:
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4795:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4444:
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4284:
4025:
3968:
3946:
3855:
3787:
3782:
3760:
3403:
3078:
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2591:
2544:
2386:
2216:
1836:
1798:
1725:
1006:
249:
2902:
2697:
2317:
1359:, where the remains of a human residence dated to the Aurignacian (40,000 to 30,000
5253:
5209:
5190:
5145:
5017:
4945:
4869:
4691:
4626:
4621:
4577:
4204:
4086:
4050:
4030:
3882:
3860:
3772:
2459:
1390:
1301:
1274:
1240:
1192:
939:
829:
651:
426:
422:
414:
280:
261:
228:
130:
47:
5302:
358:, or Cro-Magnons. This wave of anatomically modern humans includes fossils of the
2800:
475:, along with anthropomorphized depictions that may be interpreted as some of the
445:, thought to be spear throwers or shaft wrenches, also are found at their sites.
5292:
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1327:
1071:
1057:
972:
846:
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383:
375:
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3213:
2518:
1021:
At least three robust, but typically anatomically-modern, individuals from the
5436:
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5287:
5103:
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5029:
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4289:
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4152:
4125:
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211:
116:
3293:. In Ć mid Hribar, Mateja; Torkar, Gregor; GoleĆŸ, Mateja; et al. (eds.).
3247:
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2748:
5344:
5243:
5135:
5113:
5098:
4913:
4696:
4681:
4606:
4589:
4507:
4392:
4323:
4318:
4241:
4120:
4008:
3934:
3701:
3691:
3446:
3118:
3062:
3013:
2988:
2716:
2630:
2606:
2169:
1892:
1775:
1719:
1695:
1556:
1484:
1356:
1335:
1296:
1253:
A map of the Mediterranean with important Aurignacian sites (clickable map).
1224:
850:
371:
347:
315:
241:
87:
3397:
3382:
3194:
3137:
3070:
3022:
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2188:
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326:
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3168:
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4199:
4162:
4142:
3634:
1816:
1804:
1657:
1615:
1429:
1331:
1060:, corresponding to the Aurignacian, in relation to other hunter-gatherers
899:
507:
434:
418:
359:
311:
292:
223:
102:
92:
3356:
2954:
2562:
Blades, B (2003). "End scraper reduction and hunter-gatherer mobility".
2443:
2370:
2062:
5180:
5086:
4972:
4930:
4906:
4686:
4492:
4402:
4256:
4157:
4115:
3978:
3897:
3850:
3838:
2717:"The Upper Paleolithic man from Markina Gora: Morphology vs. genetics?"
2681:
2605:
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Korneliussen, Thorfinn S. (28 November 2014).
2583:
2309:
1749:
1639:
1562:
1550:
1496:
1478:
1472:
1320:
1075:
1026:
464:
430:
59:
2495:"A 41,500 year-old decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave (Poland)"
417:. The people of this culture also produced some of the earliest known
405:
points with grooves cut in the bottom. Their flint tools include fine
5248:
4925:
4785:
4763:
4616:
4552:
4497:
3887:
3865:
3833:
3807:
3398:
Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)
2665:
1609:
1090:
identified in other Aurignacian samples are the paternal haplogroups
1041:
866:
833:
813:
472:
460:
402:
343:
307:
303:
253:
219:
215:
152:
2575:
2402:"Prehistoric female figure 'earliest piece of erotic art uncovered'"
3298:
1316:
Contained within a stratigraphic column, along with other cultures.
5314:
5034:
4918:
4768:
4722:
4584:
4439:
4387:
4333:
3963:
3929:
3039:"Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years"
2607:"Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years"
1051:
975:
modern human (38,700â36,200 year ago), considered as Aurignacian.
966:
438:
142:
3268:(5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 9.
2715:
Moiseev, V. G.; Khartanovich, V. I.; Zubova, A. V. (March 2017).
5260:
5221:
4901:
4701:
4557:
4487:
4407:
4279:
3792:
3295:
Enciklopedija naravne in kulturne dediĆĄÄine na Slovenskem â DEDI
1957:(Belgium) C1a, Sungir (Russia): C1a2, Ust'-Ishim and Oase-1: K2a
1587:
1535:
1463:
1459:
862:
398:
4828:
4467:
3733:
3638:
3407:
2233:
Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
2017:
Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide
555:
Decorated ivory pendant from Stajnia Cave, Poland, c. 41,500 BP
4864:
4572:
4338:
4296:
194:
1070:
in May 2016, the remains of an early Aurignacian individual,
482:
Many 35,000-year-old animal figurines were discovered in the
50:, 37,000 to 33,500 years old, and a map of Aurignacian sites.
2666:"The early upper Paleolithic of eastern Europe reconsidered"
173:
861:
is a greater degree of tool standardization and the use of
188:
1029:, were dated directly from the bones to ca. 35,000â36,000
595:
The Adorant of Geissenklösterle, reverse side with notches
191:
397:
The Aurignacian tool industry is characterized by worked
179:
176:
1078:, were examined. He belonged to the paternal haplogroup
2087:
The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins
2481:
Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes Us Human
185:
2670:
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
2291:
2289:
2287:
490:
Typical statuettes consist of women that are called
279:). It was discovered in September 2008 in a cave at
5358:
5171:
4998:
4845:
4710:
4674:
4523:
4480:
4270:
4101:
4074:
3999:
3916:
3821:
3746:
3616:
3586:
3498:
3470:
3445:
525:. The oldest undisputed musical instrument was the
182:
126:
112:
98:
86:
75:
65:
55:
666:Possible musical bow from Geisenklösterle, Germany
487:paintings in Chauvet cave date from this period.
2236:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 150â155.
1120:cultures to which possibly relates the European
857:) from prepared cores. Also seen throughout the
3098:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2120:Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution
441:beads, as well as three-dimensional figurines.
240:dates to about 33,000 to 26,000 years ago. The
2043:Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique de France
3650:
3419:
1867:
8:
2090:. University of Chicago Press. p. 610.
25:
756:Engraved plaque from Abri Blanchard, France
4842:
4825:
4477:
4464:
3922:
3743:
3730:
3657:
3643:
3635:
3426:
3412:
3404:
2259:"The Levantine Aurignacian: a closer look"
1907:
1874:
1860:
1416:
37:
31:
3372:
3259:
3257:
3237:
3184:
3127:
3117:
3012:
2962:
2809:
2799:
2721:Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2526:
2178:
2168:
1129:selected Aurignacian sites (CC BY-SA 4.0
338:The Aurignacians are part of the wave of
2417:
2415:
1153:
744:Engraved plaque from Abri Lartet, France
325:
3327:"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"
2931:"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"
2109:
2107:
1979:
1943:
1419:
1341:
1326:Many sites in Siberia including around
1169:
872:
545:
611:figurine (height 6 cm), 35,000 BP
295:figure is given a similar date range.
24:
3490:Adorant from the GeiĂenklösterle cave
2079:
2077:
2075:
7:
5517:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe
2825:800) for western and central Europe.
2774:Schmidt, I.; Zimmermann, A. (2019).
1233:
1185:
979:, Moscow State Archaeological Museum
2664:Hoffecker, John F. (January 2011).
2493:Talamo, Sahra; et al. (2021).
1987:Milisauskas, Sarunas (2012-12-06).
678:Lion head sculpture, Vogelherd cave
639:Animal figurine from Vogelherd Cave
567:Bone flute, 35,000-40,000 years old
429:in southern France. They also made
421:, such as the animal engravings at
409:and bladelets struck from prepared
378:cultures, extending throughout the
256:. The main preceding period is the
16:Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe
3218:Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology
2916:
2278:
1684:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
1201:
14:
4781:Megalithic architectural elements
2839:Journal of Archaeological Science
1217:
702:Mammoth sculpture, Vogelherd cave
3266:An Encyclopedia of World History
3264:Langer, William L., ed. (1972).
2143:Hoffecker, JF (September 2009).
1397:
1383:
1368:
1344:
1312:Lebanon/Palestine/Israel region
1232:
1216:
1200:
1184:
1168:
1152:
1145:
1064:In a genetic study published in
947:
931:
919:
907:
887:
875:
821:
805:
789:
777:
761:
749:
737:
722:
707:
695:
683:
671:
659:
644:
632:
616:
600:
588:
572:
560:
548:
169:
5400:Evolutionary origin of religion
3289:Debeljak, Irena; Turk, Matija.
971:Forensic reconstruction of the
521:Aurignacian finds include bone
3297:(in Slovenian). Archived from
2400:Henderson, Mark (2009-05-14).
2020:. Cambridge University Press.
991:Association with modern humans
828:A carving of a running horse,
784:Aurignacian jewellery, Belgium
690:Lion sculpture, Vogelherd cave
508:Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel
332:Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel
267:One of the oldest examples of
1:
5013:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
4543:British megalith architecture
3212:Zwyns, Nicolas (2021-06-20).
2331:Finds from the Vogelherd cave
1990:European Prehistory: A Survey
1583:
1531:
1453:
477:earliest evidence of religion
79:
5532:Early European modern humans
5008:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
4548:Nordic megalith architecture
3157:Genome Biology and Evolution
2801:10.1371/journal.pone.0211562
2149:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2014:Shea, John J. (2013-02-28).
796:A painting of a hand in the
502:, discovered in 2008 in the
455:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
356:European early modern humans
342:thought to have spread from
302:" culture is known from the
212:Early European modern humans
3325:Fu, Qiaomei (May 2, 2016).
2887:10.1126/science.316.5821.50
2114:Wood, Bernard, ed. (2011).
581:Adorant of Geissenklösterle
5548:
5156:British Isles and Brittany
5077:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
3239:10.1007/s41982-021-00085-6
2929:Fu, Q.; Posth, C. (2016).
2519:10.1038/s41598-021-01221-6
2257:Williams, John K. (2006).
2084:Klein, Richard G. (2009).
994:
452:
340:anatomically modern humans
159:stage has been identified.
18:
4841:
4824:
4476:
4463:
3925:
3742:
3729:
3672:
2859:10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.006
2741:10.1134/S1019331617010099
2298:Evolutionary Anthropology
2209:10.1017/S0003598X00099749
1925:
1918:
1910:
1597:Initial Upper Paleolithic
1118:Initial Upper Paleolithic
30:
5527:Industries (archaeology)
1355:, a cave in the Eastern
1056:Genetic position of the
413:rather than using crude
314:in the same area of the
5388:Evolutionary musicology
4791:Oldest extant buildings
4718:Archaeological features
4237:Prepared-core technique
3119:10.1073/pnas.1130343100
3063:10.1126/science.aaa0114
3014:10.1126/science.aao1807
2631:10.1126/science.aaa0114
2170:10.1073/pnas.0903446106
2068:(subscription required)
1923:43,000–26,000 BP
512:Hohlenstein-Stadel cave
390:is associated with the
386:, while the subsequent
204:archaeological industry
5350:Unchambered long cairn
5198:Mound Builders culture
4531:Neolithic architecture
3666:Prehistoric technology
2230:Shea, John J. (2013).
2055:10.3406/bspf.1906.7784
1375:Entrance porch of the
1061:
980:
354:, and became known as
335:
160:
5025:List of Stone Age art
4227:Microblade technology
4175:Langdale axe industry
3773:Ard / plough
3624:List of Stone Age art
1055:
1038:Levantine Aurignacian
970:
425:and the paintings at
329:
300:Levantine Aurignacian
157:Levantine Aurignacian
146:
121:Mal'taâBuret' culture
82:43,000 â c. 28,000 BP
5432:Prehistoric medicine
5427:Prehistoric counting
5410:Prehistoric religion
5405:Paleolithic religion
5383:Behavioral modernity
4740:Causewayed enclosure
4632:Abri de la Madeleine
3756:Neolithic Revolution
1351:The entrance to the
1250:class=notpageimage|
816:, Upper Paleolithic.
623:Horse figurine from
380:Last Glacial Maximum
334:, Germany, 40,000 BP
322:Main characteristics
5471:Prehistoric warfare
4217:Magdalenian culture
4180:Levallois technique
4111:Earliest toolmaking
3357:10.1038/nature17993
3349:2016Natur.534..200F
3230:2021JPalA...4...19Z
3169:10.1093/gbe/evac045
3110:2003PNAS..100.6593C
3055:2014Sci...346.1113S
3049:(6213): 1113â1118.
3037:(6 November 2014).
3005:2017Sci...358..659S
2955:10.1038/nature17993
2947:2016Natur.534..200F
2851:2005JArSc..32.1656B
2792:2019PLoSO..1411562S
2733:2017HRuAS..87..165M
2623:2014Sci...346.1113S
2617:(6213): 1113â1118.
2511:2021NatSR..1122078T
2444:10.1038/nature08169
2436:2009Natur.460..737C
2371:10.1038/nature07995
2363:2009Natur.459..248C
2161:2009PNAS..10616040H
715:Venus of Galgenberg
609:Venus of Hohle Fels
500:Venus of Hohle Fels
277:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
273:Venus of Hohle Fels
149:early modern humans
27:
5522:Peopling of Europe
5422:Origin of language
5415:Spiritual drug use
5325:Rectangular dolmen
5227:Dartmoor kistvaens
5040:Carved stone balls
4752:Circular enclosure
4711:Other architecture
4654:Alp pile dwellings
4242:Solutrean industry
4153:Gravettian culture
3803:Secondary products
2682:10.1002/evan.20284
2564:American Antiquity
2499:Scientific Reports
2336:2007-09-30 at the
2310:10.1002/evan.20103
1525:Middle Paleolithic
1062:
981:
914:Aurignacian blades
729:Carved ivory from
533:cave in Germany's
529:discovered in the
352:Paleolithic Europe
336:
161:
56:Geographical range
46:drawings from the
21:Prehistoric Europe
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5444:Prehistoric music
5393:music archaeology
5050:Cup and ring mark
4875:Clothing/textiles
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4262:Yubetsu technique
4247:Striking platform
4212:Lithic technology
4097:
4096:
4082:Game drive system
4001:Projectile points
3893:Mortar and pestle
3632:
3631:
3291:"PotoÄka zijalka"
3275:978-0-395-13592-1
3104:(11): 6593â6597.
2999:(6363): 659â662.
2941:(7606): 200â205.
2845:(11): 1656â1668.
2430:(7256): 737â740.
1935:
1934:
1926:Succeeded by
1884:
1883:
1577:Upper Paleolithic
1447:Lower Paleolithic
1100:mt-DNA haplogroup
1082:and the maternal
859:Upper Paleolithic
812:Jewelry, Fazael,
731:Brillenhöhle cave
392:Vestonice cluster
285:Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
208:Upper Paleolithic
147:The expansion of
141:
140:
70:Upper Paleolithic
5539:
5459:Divje Babe flute
5366:Archaeoastronomy
5109:Petrosomatoglyph
4843:
4826:
4675:Water management
4478:
4465:
4368:Denticulate tool
4190:Lithic reduction
3923:
3744:
3731:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3405:
3386:
3376:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3188:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3121:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3016:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2813:
2803:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2530:
2490:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2357:(7244): 248â52.
2346:
2340:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1984:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1948:
1911:Preceded by
1908:
1888:Cave of Aurignac
1876:
1869:
1862:
1603:Fertile Crescent
1591:
1585:
1539:
1533:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1417:
1401:
1387:
1377:Cave of Aurignac
1372:
1348:
1265:Cave of Aurignac
1236:
1235:
1220:
1219:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1187:
1172:
1171:
1161:Cave of Aurignac
1156:
1155:
1149:
1074:from modern-day
1035:big game hunting
951:
935:
923:
911:
891:
879:
825:
809:
798:Cave of Aurignac
793:
781:
765:
753:
741:
726:
711:
699:
687:
675:
663:
654:painting, France
648:
636:
620:
604:
592:
576:
564:
552:
527:Hohle Fels Flute
246:Cave of Aurignac
210:associated with
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
81:
41:
35:
28:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5487:
5354:
5340:Stone box grave
5310:Megalithic tomb
5215:Cotswold-Severn
5167:
5072:Guardian stones
5000:Prehistoric art
4994:
4837:
4812:
4801:Timber trackway
4706:
4670:
4666:Wattle and daub
4519:
4498:Standing stones
4472:
4451:
4266:
4093:
4070:
3995:
3912:
3822:Food processing
3817:
3766:New World crops
3738:
3725:
3668:
3663:
3633:
3628:
3612:
3582:
3508:DolnĂ VÄstonice
3494:
3466:
3449:
3441:
3439:prehistoric art
3435:Venus figurines
3432:
3394:
3389:
3341:Nature Research
3324:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3035:
3034:
3030:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2881:(5821): 50â53.
2871:
2870:
2866:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2786:(2): e0211562.
2773:
2772:
2768:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2576:10.2307/3557037
2561:
2560:
2556:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2338:Wayback Machine
2329:
2325:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2194:
2155:(38): 16040â5.
2142:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1953:(Russia): C1b,
1949:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1914:ChĂątelperronian
1903:Bacho Kiro cave
1880:
1843:
1842:
1698:(41,000-37,000)
1678:ChĂątelperronian
1592:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1540:
1529:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1487:(1.76â0.13 Ma)
1468:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1415:
1408:
1406:Bacho Kiro cave
1402:
1393:
1388:
1379:
1373:
1364:
1353:PotoÄka Zijalka
1349:
1310:
1293:
1270:Bacho Kiro cave
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:Bacho Kiro cave
1173:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1122:ChĂątelperronian
1050:
1040:culture of the
1023:PeÈtera cu Oase
999:
993:
965:
958:
952:
943:
936:
927:
926:Dufour bladelet
924:
915:
912:
903:
892:
883:
880:
844:
837:
826:
817:
810:
801:
794:
785:
782:
773:
766:
757:
754:
745:
742:
733:
727:
718:
712:
703:
700:
691:
688:
679:
676:
667:
664:
655:
649:
640:
637:
628:
621:
612:
605:
596:
593:
584:
577:
568:
565:
556:
553:
544:
510:, found in the
504:Hohle Fels cave
492:Venus figurines
457:
451:
443:Perforated rods
366:, Aurignacian,
324:
289:western Germany
224:Ahmarian period
172:
168:
107:ChĂątelperronian
51:
36:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5545:
5543:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5504:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:Alligator drum
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5376:lunar calendar
5373:
5362:
5360:
5359:Other cultural
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5163:Venus figurine
5160:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5094:Megalithic art
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5052:
5047:
5045:Cave paintings
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4847:Material goods
4839:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4563:Cliff dwelling
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4148:Fire hardening
4145:
4140:
4138:Clovis culture
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4107:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4061:Manis Mastodon
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3940:throwing stick
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3752:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
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3716:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3392:External links
3390:
3388:
3387:
3365:10211.3/198594
3321:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3281:
3274:
3253:
3204:
3163:(4): evac045.
3143:
3084:
3028:
2978:
2921:
2909:
2864:
2829:
2766:
2727:(2): 165â171.
2707:
2656:
2597:
2570:(1): 141â156.
2554:
2485:
2473:Richard Leakey
2465:
2411:
2392:
2341:
2323:
2304:(5): 167â182.
2283:
2271:
2249:
2242:
2222:
2203:(323): 26â40.
2135:
2128:
2122:. John Wiley.
2103:
2096:
2071:
2049:(6): 233â239.
2033:
2026:
2006:
1999:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1898:Venus figurine
1895:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1782:Iberomaurusian
1779:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1740:(15.5â13.1 ka)
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1662:
1661:
1660:(12.2â10.8 ka)
1655:
1654:(14.5â11.5 ka)
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1541:
1523:
1522:
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1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1445:
1444:
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1440:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1049:
1046:
1016:Czech Republic
995:Main article:
992:
989:
977:M.M. Gerasimov
964:
961:
960:
959:
953:
946:
944:
937:
930:
928:
925:
918:
916:
913:
906:
904:
893:
886:
884:
881:
874:
843:
840:
839:
838:
827:
820:
818:
811:
804:
802:
795:
788:
786:
783:
776:
774:
768:Necklace from
767:
760:
758:
755:
748:
746:
743:
736:
734:
728:
721:
719:
713:
706:
704:
701:
694:
692:
689:
682:
680:
677:
670:
668:
665:
658:
656:
650:
643:
641:
638:
631:
629:
625:Vogelherd Cave
622:
615:
613:
606:
599:
597:
594:
587:
585:
578:
571:
569:
566:
559:
557:
554:
547:
543:
540:
484:Vogelherd Cave
450:
447:
323:
320:
312:Early Ahmarian
269:figurative art
139:
138:
128:
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5544:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5335:Simple dolmen
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:Passage grave
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5266:Gallery grave
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5181:Burial mounds
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:Statue menhir
5139:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5129:Stone carving
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
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5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4968:Sewing needle
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:Timber circle
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4745:Tor enclosure
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4733:fulacht fiadh
4731:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
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4651:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:spear-thrower
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:Bow and arrow
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:Grinding slab
3854:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Domestication
3786:
3784:
3783:Digging stick
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Founder crops
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3702:New Stone Age
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3301:on 2012-05-15
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2243:9781107006980
2239:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2129:9781444342475
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:"Aurignacian"
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2097:9780226027524
2093:
2089:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:(in French).
2044:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2027:9781139619387
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2000:9781461507512
1996:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1837:Afontova Gora
1835:
1832:
1831:Mal'taâBuret'
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:Epigravettian
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1363:) were found.
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1242:
1226:
1210:
1194:
1178:
1162:
1148:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1058:Goyet cluster
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:modern humans
1004:
998:
990:
988:
985:
978:
974:
969:
962:
957:
950:
945:
941:
934:
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
901:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
835:
831:
824:
819:
815:
808:
803:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
771:
764:
759:
752:
747:
740:
735:
732:
725:
720:
716:
710:
705:
698:
693:
686:
681:
674:
669:
662:
657:
653:
647:
642:
635:
630:
626:
619:
614:
610:
603:
598:
591:
586:
582:
575:
570:
563:
558:
551:
546:
541:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
514:of Germany's
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
456:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
328:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
291:. The German
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
252:, south-west
251:
250:Haute-Garonne
247:
243:
239:
233:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:Emiran period
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
166:
158:
154:
150:
145:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
5276:wedge-shaped
5261:Funeral pyre
5254:Great dolmen
5210:Chamber tomb
5191:Round barrow
5146:Stone circle
5018:Blombos Cave
4946:Grooved ware
4870:Chalcolithic
4774:Thornborough
4692:Flush toilet
4627:Blombos Cave
4622:Rock shelter
4578:Quiggly hole
4470:Architecture
4445:illustration
4132:
4087:Buffalo jump
3908:Storage pits
3871:AĆıklı HöyĂŒk
3861:Ground stone
3697:Subdivisions
3563:Trou Magrite
3471:
3462:Berekhat Ram
3336:
3330:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3294:
3284:
3265:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3198:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3046:
3042:
3031:
2996:
2992:
2981:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2912:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2823:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2762:preservation
2760:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2701:
2676:(1): 24â39.
2673:
2669:
2659:
2650:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2548:
2505:(1): 22078.
2502:
2498:
2488:
2480:
2468:
2427:
2423:
2405:
2395:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2326:
2301:
2297:
2274:
2265:
2252:
2232:
2225:
2200:
2196:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2119:
2086:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2016:
2009:
1993:. Springer.
1989:
1982:
1962:
1955:Goyet Q116-1
1946:
1920:Aurignacian
1919:
1822:
1767:
1746:(14â12.8 ka)
1689:
1680:(44.5â36 ka)
1663:
1642:(18â12.5 ka)
1601:
1511:(400â220 ka)
1505:(424â400 ka)
1499:(500â130 ka)
1481:(2.6â1.7 Ma)
1435:
1404:Interior of
1391:Hayonim Cave
1334:valley, and
1319:
1311:
1302:HaYonim Cave
1275:Chauvet Cave
1241:Hayonim Cave
1193:Chauvet Cave
1115:
1084:haplogroup M
1072:Goyet Q116-1
1065:
1063:
1020:
1012:MladeÄ caves
1000:
986:
982:
954:Aurignacian
940:Hayonim Cave
938:Bone tools,
882:A bone point
845:
830:Hayonim Cave
770:Castel Merle
652:Chauvet Cave
520:
489:
481:
463:, including
458:
427:Chauvet cave
423:Trois Freres
396:
384:Goyet Q116-1
346:through the
337:
297:
281:Schelklingen
266:
262:Neanderthals
234:
229:Homo sapiens
227:
218:, where the
164:
162:
48:Chauvet Cave
5512:Aurignacian
5298:unchambered
5293:Long barrow
5283:Grave goods
5239:Court cairn
5234:Clava cairn
5186:Bowl barrow
5124:Rock cupule
5067:Golden hats
5060:Hill figure
4961:Unstan ware
4941:Cord-marked
4806:Sweet Track
4728:Burnt mound
4649:Stilt house
4637:Sibudu Cave
4430:Tally stick
4398:Quern-stone
4383:Hammerstone
4373:Fire plough
4344:Pesse canoe
4302:Bannerstone
4272:Other tools
4185:Lithic core
4133:Aurignacian
4021:Bare Island
3903:Quern-stone
3596:Gönnersdorf
3588:Magdalenian
3568:Balzi Rossi
3513:Brassempouy
3472:Aurignacian
3343:: 200â205.
2477:Roger Lewin
1951:Kostenki-14
1744:Federmesser
1732:Magdalenian
1702:PĂ©rigordian
1690:Aurignacian
1628:Aurignacian
1622:Baradostian
1565:(130â10 ka)
1559:(130â70 ka)
1553:(145â20 ka)
1547:(160â40 ka)
1422:Paleolithic
1328:Lake Baikal
1088:Haplogroups
973:Kostenki-14
942:, 30000 BP.
853:and mode 3
847:Stone tools
535:Swabian Alb
516:Swabian Alb
376:Magdalenian
165:Aurignacian
113:Followed by
99:Preceded by
26:Aurignacian
5506:Categories
5437:trepanning
5330:Ring cairn
5288:Jar burial
5271:transepted
5203:U.S. sites
5104:Petroglyph
5030:Bird stone
4988:wine press
4661:Stone roof
4644:Roundhouse
4536:long house
4513:Stonehenge
4481:Ceremonial
4425:Stone tool
4252:Tool stone
4222:Metallurgy
4126:Mousterian
4103:Toolmaking
4041:Cumberland
4014:Transverse
3984:Schöningen
3876:Qesem cave
3844:Earth oven
3798:Irrigation
3709:Technology
3677:Prehistory
3601:Petersfels
3573:Willendorf
3538:PetĆkovice
3500:Gravettian
3485:Galgenberg
3480:Hohle Fels
3450:(disputed)
2268:: 317â352.
1974:References
1929:Gravettian
1850:Mesolithic
1839:(21â12 ka}
1833:(24â15 ka)
1807:(15â11 ka)
1801:(15â11 ka)
1795:(22â14 ka)
1784:(25â11 ka)
1778:(42â18 ka)
1758:(13â12 ka)
1756:Ahrensburg
1752:(14â10 ka)
1734:(17â12 ka)
1728:(20â10 ka)
1722:(22â17 ka)
1716:(29â25 ka)
1710:(33â24 ka)
1708:Gravettian
1704:(35â20 ka)
1692:(43â26 ka)
1686:(43â32 ka)
1674:(48â40 ka)
1672:Bohunician
1646:Trialetian
1636:(20â10 ka)
1630:(35â29 ka)
1624:(36â18 ka)
1618:(46â42 ka)
1612:(50â40 ka)
1545:Mousterian
1503:Clactonian
1457: 3.3
1285:Potok Cave
1280:Hohle Fels
1209:Hohle Fels
1005:the first
997:Cro-Magnon
963:Population
956:microliths
855:Mousterian
531:Hohle Fels
469:rhinoceros
453:See also:
388:Gravettian
368:Gravettian
364:Bohunician
258:Mousterian
238:Gravettian
155:where the
135:Cartailhac
127:Defined by
117:Gravettian
19:See also:
5481:symbolism
5345:Tor cairn
5303:GrĂžnsalen
5244:Cremation
5136:Sculpture
5114:Pictogram
5099:Petroform
4919:amber use
4887:Cosmetics
4697:Reservoir
4682:Check dam
4612:Pueblitos
4607:Pit-house
4590:Longhouse
4524:Dwellings
4393:Microlith
4324:Bow drill
4319:Bone tool
4312:prismatic
4121:Acheulean
4036:Cresswell
4009:Arrowhead
3935:Boomerang
3851:Granaries
3813:Terracing
3692:Stone Age
3543:Savignano
3447:Acheulean
3248:2520-8217
3224:(3): 19.
3177:1759-6653
3079:206632421
2757:157720076
2749:1019-3316
2647:206632421
2592:164106990
2545:244699451
2408:. London.
2406:The Times
2387:205216692
2217:163089681
2197:Antiquity
1893:Ksar Akil
1819:(10â8 ka)
1813:(15â5 ka)
1788:Mushabian
1776:Khormusan
1764:(11â8 ka)
1762:Swiderian
1720:Solutrean
1714:Pavlovian
1696:Szeletian
1648:(16â8 ka)
1557:Micoquien
1491:Madrasian
1485:Acheulean
1357:Karavanke
1336:Minusinsk
1297:Ksar Akil
1291:Near-East
1225:Ksar Akil
1003:artifacts
851:Acheulean
717:, Austria
627:, Germany
583:, Germany
496:figurines
435:bracelets
372:Solutrean
348:Near East
316:Near East
242:type site
151:from the
88:Type site
44:Cave lion
5119:Rock art
5082:painting
5055:Geoglyph
4880:timeline
4860:Beadwork
4600:Mehrgarh
4595:Mudbrick
4503:megalith
4378:Fire-saw
4200:debitage
4195:analysis
4163:Hand axe
4143:Cupstone
3721:Glossary
3682:Timeline
3533:Lespugue
3523:Kostenki
3518:Gagarino
3383:27135931
3339:(7606).
3305:12 March
3195:35445261
3138:12743370
3071:25378462
3023:28982795
2973:27135931
2903:34614953
2895:17412938
2820:30759115
2780:PLOS ONE
2698:32216495
2690:22034081
2639:25378462
2537:34837003
2452:19553935
2379:19444215
2334:Archived
2318:85316570
2189:19571003
2063:27906750
1817:Magosian
1805:Sebilian
1658:Khiamian
1652:Natufian
1616:Ahmarian
1509:Mugharan
1493:(1.5 Ma)
1475:(3.3 Ma)
1430:Pliocene
1413:See also
1332:Ob River
1139:Location
1048:Genetics
1025:cave in
902:(France)
900:Aurignac
800:, France
772:, France
465:mammoths
431:pendants
419:cave art
360:Ahmarian
293:Lion-man
222:and the
202:) is an
103:Ahmarian
93:Aurignac
5476:Symbols
5087:pigment
4973:Weaving
4936:Cardium
4931:Pottery
4926:Mirrors
4914:Jewelry
4855:Baskets
4835:culture
4687:Cistern
4493:Pyramid
4435:Weapons
4413:Scraper
4403:Racloir
4363:Cleaver
4351:Chopper
4257:Uniface
4168:Grooves
4158:Hafting
4116:Oldowan
4075:Systems
4026:Cascade
3989:woomera
3979:harpoon
3952:history
3918:Hunting
3898:Pottery
3839:Cooking
3748:Farming
3714:history
3687:Outline
3617:Related
3578:Zaraysk
3528:Laussel
3457:Tan-Tan
3374:4943878
3345:Bibcode
3318:Sources
3226:Bibcode
3186:9021735
3106:Bibcode
3051:Bibcode
3043:Science
3001:Bibcode
2993:Science
2964:4943878
2943:Bibcode
2917:Fu 2016
2875:Science
2847:Bibcode
2811:6373918
2788:Bibcode
2729:Bibcode
2619:Bibcode
2611:Science
2584:3557037
2528:8626500
2507:Bibcode
2460:4336590
2432:Bibcode
2359:Bibcode
2279:Fu 2016
2180:2752585
2157:Bibcode
1824:Siberia
1811:Eburran
1750:Azilian
1738:Hamburg
1640:Kebaran
1634:Zarzian
1563:Sangoan
1551:Aterian
1534:300â50
1497:Soanian
1479:Oldowan
1473:Lomekwi
1434:before
1321:Siberia
1076:Belgium
1027:Romania
1014:in the
896:scraper
542:Gallery
498:is the
461:mammals
260:of the
244:is the
206:of the
60:Eurasia
5454:flutes
5249:Dolmen
5173:Burial
4983:winery
4956:Linear
4786:Midden
4764:Cursus
4757:Goseck
4617:Pueblo
4568:Dugout
4553:Burdei
4232:Mining
4056:Lamoka
4051:Folsom
4031:Clovis
3888:Metate
3866:Hearth
3834:Basket
3808:Sickle
3606:Monruz
3558:Mauern
3553:Buret'
3548:Mal'ta
3381:
3371:
3332:Nature
3272:
3246:
3193:
3183:
3175:
3136:
3129:164492
3126:
3077:
3069:
3021:
2971:
2961:
2935:Nature
2901:
2893:
2818:
2808:
2755:
2747:
2696:
2688:
2645:
2637:
2590:
2582:
2543:
2535:
2525:
2483:(1992)
2475:&
2458:
2450:
2424:Nature
2385:
2377:
2351:Nature
2316:
2240:
2215:
2187:
2177:
2126:
2094:
2061:
2024:
1997:
1793:Halfan
1769:Africa
1665:Europe
1610:Emiran
1586:50â12
1580:
1528:
1462:â 300
1450:
1330:, the
1259:Europe
1131:ROCEEH
1109:, and
1098:; and
1067:Nature
1042:Levant
867:antler
834:Levant
814:Israel
523:flutes
473:tarpan
471:, and
437:, and
415:flakes
407:blades
403:antler
344:Africa
308:Emiran
304:Levant
271:, the
254:France
216:Levant
153:Levant
137:, 1906
131:Breuil
66:Period
5371:sites
5315:Mummy
5035:Cairn
4951:JĆmon
4902:shoes
4897:Hides
4769:Henge
4723:Broch
4585:Jacal
4440:Wheel
4388:Knife
4334:Canoe
4329:Burin
4307:Blade
4205:flake
4066:Plano
3974:baton
3964:Spear
3930:Arrow
3883:Manos
3736:Tools
3075:S2CID
2899:S2CID
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