153:. Huffing needs to be carried out in a sitting position with the chin raised a little, and the mouth remaining open. A deep breath is taken to fill the lungs about 75 per cent, and held for two or three seconds. Breathing out is forceful and slow which helps to move the mucus from the smaller to the larger airways. A normal urge to cough at this point is repressed, and the breathing pattern is repeated a few times. A strong cough then follows to expel the mucus. Huffing forms part of the active cycle of breathing. Huffing as a clearance technique is different to the term of
280:. Chest wall oscillation is a passive system that is not dependent on effort from the user. It involves the use of a special vest that employs the use of a compressor to inflate and deflate the vest rhythmically at timed intervals, and thus imposes high frequency chest wall oscillations that are transferred to the lungs. These oscillations thin airway mucus, and facilitate its removal by coughing. Delivery of air to the vest can be controlled manually.
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Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy consists of providing a back pressure to the airways during expiration. This effect is provided by devices that consist of a mask or a mouthpiece in which a resistance is applied only on the expiration phase. Operating principles of this technique seems to
219:
Autogenic drainage is a controlled airway clearance technique using different depths of inhalation, and different speeds of exhalation that enables mucus to be moved up the airway producing a voluntary cough. This method does not require any equipment, however, it is challenging to perform and
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known as a mechanically assisted cough, and airway oscillatory devices. Several mechanical techniques are used to dislodge mucus and encourage its expectoration. Chest percussion can be administered as a manual technique but can also be performed using specific devices that use
272:
or intrapulmonary percussive ventilation. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilators (IPVs) are machines which deliver short bursts of air through a mouthpiece to help to clear mucus. The air is delivered at a rate of approximately 150 pulses per minute and may be used with
220:
appropriate training is required. Evidence supporting different techniques is limited. A review of the studies that have been conducted concluded that there is no strong evidence that autogenic drainage is better than other airway clearance techniques.
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Phase two involves using exercises to expand the chest. Breathing is deep and may use a breath-hold of three seconds to move the air into the smaller airways, and reach behind the mucus. The out breath is unforced and may include some
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is advised. Keeping the lips pursed (as in kissing somebody) when exhaling creates a back pressure that keeps the airways open for longer. One recommendation is for six breaths of control to take place before phase two of the cycle.
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is carried out in three phases. Phase one is used to relax the airways; phase two involves moving the inhaled air to behind the mucus in order to clear it; phase three helps to clear the mucus out from the lungs.
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Groth S, Stafanger G, Dirksen H, Andersen JB, Falk M, Kelstrup M (July 1985). "Positive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis".
287:, and associated clearance mode available in such devices, integrate a cough assistance phase, as well as a vibration phase for dislodging secretions. These are portable and adapted for home use.
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Gentle effortless breathing, in through the nose, and out through the mouth is used in phase one to relax the airways. The shoulders and upper chest are kept relaxed. On breathing out, the
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to maintain respiratory health, and prevent the damaging consequences of inflammation. Techniques used are breathing, manual, and mechanical. They all need to be used with either
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make recommendations and give guidance for appropriate airway clearance therapies. They also give instruction in the use of various airway clearance techniques.
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McKoy, NA; Saldanha, IJ; Odelola, OA; Robinson, KA (12 December 2012). Robinson, Karen A (ed.). "Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis".
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Using huffing coughing, mucus is moved from the smaller airways to the larger airways, and huffing needs to be continued until all the mucus is expelled.
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Breathing techniques include the active cycle of breathing which includes huffing; and autogenic drainage, a technique that requires concentrated effort.
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Andersen JB, Qvist J, Kann T (October 1979). "Recruiting collapsed lung through collateral channels with positive end-expiratory pressure".
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or huffing which moves mucus from the large airways. To move mucus from the small airways an additional ACT needs to be employed.
73:. Mucus build-up can also cause infection, and inflammation, and repeated infections can result in damage to the airways, and the
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to become impaired resulting in a build-up of mucus which obstructs breathing, and also affects the
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825:"Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis"
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Homnick, DN (October 2007). "Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation for airway mucus clearance".
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Hristara-Papadopoulou, A; Tsanakas, J; Diomou, G; Papadopoulou, O (2008).
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Bethesda, Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation 4550 Montgomery Ave Suite 1100 N.
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Bethesda, Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation 4550 Montgomery Ave Suite 1100 N.
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Bethesda, Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation 4550 Montgomery Ave Suite 1100 N.
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Bethesda, Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation 4550 Montgomery Ave Suite 1100 N.
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Mechanical devices used include positive expiratory pressure (PEP),
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preventing the early collapse of small airways during exhalation.
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O'Sullivan, BP; Freedman, SD (30 May 2009). "Cystic fibrosis".
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397:"Autogenic drainage for airway clearance in cystic fibrosis"
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Burnham, Paul; Stanford, Gemma; Stewart, Ruth (2021-12-15).
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All airway clearance therapy involves the techniques of
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be the increase of gas pressure behind mucus through
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902:Bulletin Européen de Physiopathologie Respiratoire
823:McIlwaine M, Button B, Nevitt SJ (November 2019).
341:"Airway clearance therapy: finding the evidence"
255:An intrapulmonary percussive ventilator machine
231:is a manual airway clearance therapy that uses
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145:or a huff cough, is also called
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61:and other secretions. Several
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934:Respiratory system procedures
511:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60327-5
297:functional residual capacity
285:biphasic cuirass ventilation
339:Volsko, TA (October 2013).
147:forced expiration technique
104:airway clearance techniques
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165:Active cycle of breathing
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673:"Chest Physical Therapy"
51:Airway clearance therapy
33:Airway clearance therapy
459:"Coughing and Huffing"
358:10.4187/respcare.02590
293:collateral ventilation
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633:"Airway Clearance"
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207:Phase three
151:coughed out
75:lung tissue
928:Categories
315:References
278:medication
247:Mechanical
198:percussive
159:inhalation
112:bronchitis
96:See also:
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191:Phase two
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375:29199062
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303:See also
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201:clapping
124:coughing
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788:ISSN
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691:link
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644:2020
618:link
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567:PMID
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470:2020
435:PMID
417:ISSN
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363:PMID
169:The
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