417:
42:
353:; and the company's gender-specific rule was biased and inequitable because it permitted fertile men, but not fertile women, to decide whether to work in jobs subjected to lead exposure while manufacturing batteries. The court rejected Johnson Controls' argument that their policy fell under the
324:
of 1978. The case revolved around
Johnson Controls' policy of excluding fertile women from working in battery manufacturing jobs because batteries contain high amounts of lead, which entails health risks to people's reproductive systems (both men and women) and fetuses. At the time the case was
502:
471:
680:
181:
Title VII, as amended by the
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, forbids sex-specific fetal-protection policies, as incapability of becoming pregnant is not a "bona fide occupational qualification."
710:
619:
377:
164:
93:
705:
600:
528:
715:
700:
675:
685:
354:
291:
65:
International Union, United
Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers Of America, UAW, et al. vs. Johnson Controls, Inc.
305:
46:
512:
485:
349:
by concluding that the company’s fetal protection policy contravened Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the
439:
586:
454:
UAW v. Johnson
Controls: A Final Word on Fetal Protection Policies and Their Effect on Women's Rights in Today's Economy
350:
321:
569:
690:
357:(BFOQ) defense because the protection of employees' fetuses was not an essential part of the business's operation.
397:
Presser, Arlynn Leiber; Bertin, Joan (June 1990). "Women at Work: Should 'Fetal
Protection' Policies Be Upheld".
342:
141:
325:
heard, it was considered one of the most important sex-discrimination cases since the passage of Title VII.
17:
648:
74:
695:
228:
152:
623:
594:
381:
313:
168:
85:
577:
630:
522:
508:
481:
224:
212:
196:
453:
438:
Shapiro, Robert A. (Associate
Solicitor for Legislation and Legal Counsel) (July 11, 1991).
346:
334:
312:
policies prohibiting women from knowingly working in potentially hazardous occupations are
240:
542:
122:
112:
639:
384:
338:
309:
236:
216:
669:
248:
88:
204:
160:
317:
145:
100:
657:
156:
138:
554:
Audio files available for the Oral
Argument and the Opinion Announcement
477:
149:
41:
570:"The Employer's Fetal Injury Quandary After Johnson Controls"
273:
White (in part and in judgment), joined by
Rehnquist, Kennedy
345:. Hence based on that statute, the Court decided against
681:
United States
Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
265:
Blackmun, joined by
Marshall, Stevens, O'Connor, Souter
425:
Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States
504:
Discrimination Law Issues for the Safety Professional
543:"United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc"
473:
Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment
616:
United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
374:
United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
341:held that that Title VII prohibits gender–specific
301:
United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
285:
277:
269:
261:
256:
185:
175:
133:
128:
118:
108:
80:
70:
60:
53:
35:
United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
34:
442:. Occupational Safety & Health Administration.
568:Grover, Susan, Faculty Publications. Paper 179.
440:"Policy guidance on the Supreme Court Decision"
418:"UAW v. Johnson Controls, 499 U.S. 187 (1991)"
304:, 499 U.S. 187 (1991), was a decision by the
8:
711:United States gender discrimination case law
456:." Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal
18:Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.
599:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
527:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
507:. Boca Raton, Florida. pp. 168–171.
587:College of William & Mary Law School
427:. Vol. 5. Macmillan Reference USA.
366:
592:
520:
405:(6). American Bar Association: 38–39.
29:1991 United States Supreme Court case
7:
552:. Chicago-Kent College of Law. 2015.
355:Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
292:Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
706:Women's rights in the United States
716:History of the United Auto Workers
306:Supreme Court of the United States
47:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
701:Civil rights in the United States
676:United States Supreme Court cases
626:187 (1991) is available from:
452:Bernstein, Andrew Evan (1992). "
40:
421:(Gale: U.S. History in Context)
686:1991 in United States case law
1:
480:Learning. pp. 715–722.
322:Pregnancy Discrimination Act
546:(Web page with Audio Files)
501:Schneid, Thomas D. (2012).
470:Jennings, Marianne (2015).
416:Mezey, Susan Gluck (2008).
732:
658:Oyez (oral argument audio)
343:fetal protection policies
290:
190:
180:
39:
54:Argued October 10, 1990
56:Decided March 21, 1991
148:1988); affirmed, 886
99:111 S. Ct. 1196; 113
578:Kentucky Law Journal
329:Opinion of the Court
316:and in violation of
281:Scalia (in judgment)
123:Opinion announcement
119:Opinion announcement
649:Library of Congress
573:(Free PDF download)
229:Sandra Day O'Connor
308:establishing that
201:Associate Justices
691:1991 in Wisconsin
297:
296:
213:Thurgood Marshall
197:William Rehnquist
16:(Redirected from
723:
662:
656:
653:
647:
644:
638:
635:
629:
604:
598:
590:
574:
555:
553:
547:
539:
533:
532:
526:
518:
498:
492:
491:
467:
461:
450:
444:
443:
435:
429:
428:
422:
413:
407:
406:
394:
388:
371:
347:Johnson Controls
339:Justice Blackmun
335:majority opinion
186:Court membership
171:1055 (1990).
44:
43:
32:
21:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
722:
721:
720:
666:
665:
660:
654:
651:
645:
642:
636:
633:
627:
611:
591:
572:
567:
564:
562:Further reading
559:
558:
545:
541:
540:
536:
519:
515:
500:
499:
495:
488:
469:
468:
464:
451:
447:
437:
436:
432:
420:
415:
414:
410:
396:
395:
391:
372:
368:
363:
331:
241:Anthony Kennedy
239:
227:
225:John P. Stevens
215:
104:
55:
49:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
729:
727:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
668:
667:
664:
663:
631:Google Scholar
610:
609:External links
607:
606:
605:
563:
560:
557:
556:
534:
513:
493:
486:
462:
445:
430:
408:
389:
365:
364:
362:
359:
330:
327:
314:discriminatory
310:private sector
295:
294:
288:
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
254:
253:
252:
251:
237:Antonin Scalia
217:Harry Blackmun
202:
199:
194:
188:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
135:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
98:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
61:Full case name
58:
57:
51:
50:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
728:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:Wisconsin law
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
671:
659:
650:
641:
632:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:
608:
602:
596:
588:
584:
580:
579:
571:
566:
565:
561:
551:
544:
538:
535:
530:
524:
516:
514:9781439867792
510:
506:
505:
497:
494:
489:
487:9781305156104
483:
479:
475:
474:
466:
463:
459:
455:
449:
446:
441:
434:
431:
426:
419:
412:
409:
404:
400:
393:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
370:
367:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:Case opinions
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:Chief Justice
192:
191:
189:
184:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
113:Oral argument
111:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
52:
48:
38:
33:
27:
19:
615:
595:cite journal
582:
576:
550:0YEZ Project
549:
537:
503:
496:
472:
465:
457:
448:
433:
424:
411:
402:
398:
392:
387: (1991).
373:
369:
332:
300:
299:
298:
286:Laws applied
249:David Souter
244:
232:
220:
208:
129:Case history
92:
64:
26:
399:ABA Journal
278:Concurrence
270:Concurrence
205:Byron White
163:. granted,
670:Categories
476:. Canada:
361:References
71:Docket no.
523:cite book
318:Title VII
146:E.D. Wis.
101:L. Ed. 2d
81:Citations
614:Text of
320:and the
262:Majority
157:7th Cir.
139:F. Supp.
109:Argument
478:Cengage
176:Holding
159:1989);
75:89-1215
661:
655:
652:
646:
643:
640:Justia
637:
634:
628:
589:: 639.
511:
484:
376:,
247:
245:·
243:
235:
233:·
231:
223:
221:·
219:
211:
209:·
207:
622:
380:
167:
134:Prior
624:U.S.
601:link
529:link
509:ISBN
482:ISBN
460:: 5.
382:U.S.
333:The
169:U.S.
161:cert
150:F.2d
137:680
94:more
86:U.S.
84:499
620:499
458:9.2
385:187
378:499
351:PDA
337:by
165:494
153:871
142:309
103:158
89:187
672::
618:,
597:}}
593:{{
585:.
583:81
581:.
575:.
548:.
525:}}
521:{{
423:.
403:76
401:.
603:)
531:)
517:.
490:.
155:(
144:(
97:)
91:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.