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584:. Becoming an autonomous institution was not an easy process, but a struggle that lasted about ten years. Some of the students that took part from the very beginning had become teachers by the end of it. There was JosĂ© Yurrieta ValdĂ©s, dean of the UAEM for many years, Carlos Mercado Tovar, once rector of the UAEM, and Guillermo Molina Reyes, nephew to AndrĂ©s Molina EnrĂquez and son to Flor de MarĂa Reyes, the first woman teacher of the institute. Another important student figure during this transition was Ladislao S. Badillo, who was known as the leader or martyr of autonomy, as he died before the fight was over.
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247:. While the latter and Lorenzo de Zavala were liberals, each had a different vision for the Institute. Mora believed freedom was the most important moral value that could be transmitted to students, so he thought the Institute had to be financially supported by citizens, without the interference of the state government. However, Zavala advocated toward equality. He believed that a school had to be financed with public funds and scholarships to favour young people from different regions who had limited resources.
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281:"El Beaterio" was a large house in Toluca intended to host "beatas", women who lived under certain rules and were devoted to educating girls. However, this objective was never met. Instead, a chapel and two schools for girls were built, one for the Spanish girls and another for the indigenous ones respectively. After the
558:. Likewise, a ball to crown the queen was held in the western courtyard of the Institute, which today is known as the Patio del Centenario in honor of the 100th anniversary. Two icons of the university were created on the occasion of this celebration: the institutional anthem and the Monumento al maestro .
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It was quite evident that students were different ages and came from various backgrounds. Boys wearing palm hats and indigenous garments coexisted with boys in suits and modern hats. Some of them used to live at the boarding school; others lived under the half-boarding regime, while the rest did not
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At the end of the nineteenth century, governor José Vicente
Villada ordered a full remodeling of the Institute. He hired architect José Luis González Collazo for the design, and engineer Anselmo Camacho, a former mathematics professor at the institute, to build it. The latter made some modifications
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As a result of the interference of the church in the education system, the
Institute's education was tinted with religious elements at the beginning. For instance, every morning students, whether living at the boarding school or not, had to pray and sing a religious hymn, whose last stanza mentioned
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arrived in Toluca on
October 1864, as part of his national tour to learn about people's needs across the country, he stayed at the Convento del Carmen. When he realized how deteriorated the building was, he promised to send a bag of gold coins for its restoration. However, his promise was not kept,
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workshops, among others, became part of the
Escuela de Artes y Oficios . At first, the Escuela Normal de Profesores and the Anexa a la Normal were located at the Institute, but later moved to new premises. This is considered the golden era of the Institute since its professors laid its cultural
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It was during this period that institutes became self-aware and started forging their own identity. This was reflected in the creation of its banner on
September 15, 1887, when governor José Zubieta gave students the first institutional banner, inspired by the motto "Homeland, Science and Labor".
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From all the institutes created between 1825 and 1879, the first one was the
Colegio Civil del Estado de Puebla. The Literary Institute of the State of Mexico, which received this name in 1828, was the sixth. Some of these institutes still exist, such as el Ateneo Fuente de Coahuila, el Instituto
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In 1830, the seat of the government powers moved to Toluca, and so did the
Institute, as stipulated in its creation decree. In Toluca, students were lodged in the Convento de La Merced, which became the first site of the Institute in the capital of the State, but this did not last long. In 1833,
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During this period, students' blood was shed and their freedom taken away. Many of them were imprisoned, even though police officers did not like to do so, since the prison was right in front of the
Institute, where Grand Plaza Toluca is located now. In the case of teachers, the situation was
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With the establishment of the centralist government in Mexico, which lasted from 1835 to 1846, state institutes all over the country were closed by decree of president
Antonio LĂłpez de Santa Anna. However, on November 7, 1846, after being appointed as interim governor of the State of Mexico,
378:, he not only achieved the status of excellent painter, but also managed to establish a school. Another graduate from the Academy of San Carlos who joined the institute as a professor was Luis Coto y Maldonado, an artist from Toluca who was ver keen on portraying the city, as opposed to
569:. On March 3, 1928, the foundation stone of the Monumento al maestro was laid, and five years later, with the support of students who organized various fundraising events, it was finished. The monument bears the words "youth and senectitude". The authors of the monument were sculptor
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In 1928, the
Institute celebrated its one hundredth anniversary, but due to the lack of financial resources, high-school students had to make use of their creativity and celebrate in a soiree full of music and literature at the theatre of Toluca, where they recited
580:. This led students to join other institutions to obtain a higher degree, such as the Universidad Nacional, which became autonomous in 1929. After learning about this fact, many alumni from the institute came back to Toluca to pursue the Institute's
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different. Some of them were dismissed from their jobs, such as Josué Mirlo, while others, such as Horacio Zuniga, decided to abandon the Institute and not teach there again in support of the movement. Finally, on December 31, 1943, governor
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It is because of Coto y Maldonado's work that interesting aspects of the Toluca of that time are known today, such as the original white color of the facade of the famous portals of the city, captured in the painting entitled Los Portales.
224:, the first president of the nation, saw the need to create educational institutions throughout the country to provide education to people, especially the indigenous population, who did not have access to it during colonial times.
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Altamirano was not old enough to attend his lectures, but he would sneak around and listen to his lessons from outside the classroom. They became friends and, eventually, colleagues, since Altamirano started to study law at the
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At that time, comprehensive education involved arts. Felipe Sánchez SolĂs, who was once director of the Institute, taught drawing classes for a while, and when he was no longer able to continue, he asked permission to call
300:, the American army arrived in Toluca and took over the Institute as headquarters, which forced students to take refuge in the Convento del Carmen. This is how the cloister became a temporary seat of the Institute.
534:, a great social scientist who fought the lack of progress and misery that Mexican peasants suffered; Pascual Morales Molina, part of the constitutionalist army and eventually governor of the State of Mexico, and
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It was Zavala's idea that prevailed, thus the local Congress declared that poor and preferably indigenous students should be sent to the Institute from each town or district supported by the public treasury.
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In honor of such remarkable characters, the UAEM awards the most outstanding teachers and students of each generation with the Ignacio Ramirez Calzada and the Ignacio Manuel Altamirano medals, respectively.
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in 1827; some of its articles established the creation of an institution that managed all levels of public education. That year, the capital of the state moved to San AgustĂn de las Cuevas, today known as
330:, and Ignacio RamĂrez Calzada, El Nigromante. Like many other children, Altamirano received a municipal scholarship to study at the Institute. He was an intelligent indigenous child from the community of
293:. Seven months later, on June 7, 1847, the Institute reopened and students from different parts of the State arrived due to the restoration of scholarships to students of municipalities across the state.
342:. In general, he was known for being a rebellious child, and since he did not allow others to mock him or other indigenous children because of their background, he became a protector of the younglings.
203:. Formalised as a university under the UAEM name in 1956, the institution traces its origins back to 1828 with the foundation Instituto Literario del Estado de MĂ©xico, in the former state capital of
422:, which removed all religion-related courses to privilege science. Subsequently, each state was requested through a letter to renew the curriculum of their institute, to conform to that of the ENP.
542:. Baz Prada became governor of the state during the Revolution, a position he held again years later after being rector of the Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de MĂ©xico. As a rector, he made
743:
Information kindly provided by the Museo de Historia Universitaria JosĂ© MarĂa Morelos y PavĂłn UAEM. Translated by the International Translation Laboratory of the Faculty of Languages.
285:, since the place had been practically abandoned and was guarded only by a nun, Lorenzo de Zavala decided to expropriate the land and turn it into the new premises for the Institute.
207:. In 1943 the institution was augmented to become the Instituto CientĂfico y Literario de Toluca (ICLA), and thirteen years later obtaining its present name and institutional status.
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307:, church, state and education went hand in hand. In fact, the first rector of the school founded in 1827, which later became the Institute, was Priest JosĂ© MarĂa Alcántara.
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who had caused a huge stir by showing a nude painting for the first time. For this, he was not acclaimed in Mexico since society was conservative at that time. However, in
289:
Francisco Modesto de OlaguĂbel signed a decree establishing the reopening of the Literary Institute, an initiative attributed to the Secretary of War and Finance,
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live at the school, but all of them spent time together in the premises. At that time, the spirit of rebellion lingered among students and professors. During the
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334:, now state of Guerrero. At the Institute, he met Ignacio RamĂrez, who had been invited to teach but would never become his professor, at least not formally.
243:
On March 3, 1828, this school became the Literary Institute of the State of Mexico, after receiving the approval of the State Congress, which was chaired by
17:
339:
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527:, the institution did not close doors. Its presence was portrayed on one of the faces of a peso banknote printed in 1915 in the State of Mexico.
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Veracruzano, el Colegio Rosales de Sinaloa, el Italiano Tamaulipeco, and el Colegio Primitivo y Nacional de San Nicolás de Hidalgo in Michoacán.
627:, who not only became a teacher and dean of the Institute but also Mexico's president, a position from which he helped the Institute many times.
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199:. It is the largest university institution in the state with over 84,500 students, with its central campus located in the state capital of
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466:". These symbols, as well as the green and gold colors of this first banner, are part of the current institutional coat of arms.
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either because he never intended to do so or because he did not have the opportunity, as he was imprisoned and executed in 1867.
236:. It was there, in the Casa de las Piedras Miyeras (House of the Miyeras Stones), that the new Seminary inaugurated by governor
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signed the decree that granted the long-awaited autonomy to the institution, which entered into force on January 15, 1944.
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During the Porfiriato, the government period after Benito Juárez's term, the Institute stood out for participating at the
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classes were a must, since they were part of the comprehensive education the Institute intended to provide to students.
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Dean Joaquin Ramos explained the icons on the coat of arms with the following words: "On a green field, representing
485:, marks the end of the remodeling process of the building. This is how the premises became the seat of a completely
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Lorenzo de Zavala expropriated a property known as "El Beaterio", with the purpose of locating the Institute there.
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and architect Vicente Mendiola, who were a student and a professor of the institute respectively.
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Portraits of the notable alumni at the Museo de Historia Universitaria JosĂ© MarĂa Morelos y PavĂłn
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compulsory for medical students, a measure that became extensive to the rest of degree programs.
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414:'s term, traveled to Europe, where he learned about who is considered the father of positivism:
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Among other characters who studied at the Institute during the Revolution were
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studies. It is said that he fondly remembered traditional candy from Toluca.
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to the design that resulted in the façade of the Historic Rectory Building.
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The anthem was a creation of two professors: Horacio Zúñiga, who taught
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from the collection of the Natural Sciences Cabinet were exhibited.
722:(in Spanish). Universidad AutĂłnoma del Estado de MĂ©xico. p. 7
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16:"UAEM" redirects here. For the student advocacy organization, see
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The Political Constitution of the State of Mexico was signed in
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surrounded by a community of working bees as an expression of
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Another element of identity born during this period is the
538:, who as a minor and medical student decided to join the
426:, governor of the State of Mexico, carried out the task.
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In the Institute, there were two emblematic characters:
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Banner of the Literary Institute of the State of Mexico
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Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
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220:Mexico was born as an independent country in 1821.
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55:Instituto CientĂfico y Literario de Toluca (ICLA)
31:Universidad AutĂłnoma del Estado de Mexico (UAEM)
187:) (Autonomous University of Mexico State) is a
1046:Estadio Universitario Alberto "Chivo" CĂłrdoba
797:
644:, economist, law graduate and founder of the
8:
678:, Vasconcelos arrived in Toluca to complete
648:and the Casa España, which later became the
576:At that time, the Institute did not provide
498:Exposition Universelle held in Paris in 1889
473:of the rectory building. The removal of the
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18:Universities Allied for Essential Medicines
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25:Universidad AutĂłnoma del Estado de Morelos
254:The first curriculum included courses on
181:Universidad AutĂłnoma del Estado de MĂ©xico
340:National Autonomous University of Mexico
50:Instituto Literario del Estado de MĂ©xico
704:
652:. Thanks to CosĂo Villegas, president
291:Ignacio Ramirez Calzada, El Nigromante
1076:Autonomous University of Mexico State
880:Autonomous University of Mexico State
849:Modelo Museum of Science and Industry
382:, who preferred painting landscapes.
7:
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303:During this time, and prior to the
23:For the university in Morelos, see
240:, started classes on September 4.
14:
713:"Manual de Identidad 2021 - 2025"
565:, and Felipe Mendoza, who taught
1051:Gimnasio Juan Fernández Albarrán
813:
410:, minister of Education during
370:, a painter graduated from the
483:separation of state and church
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986:Gigantes del Estado de MĂ©xico
911:Toluca Centro railway station
420:Escuela Nacional Preparatoria
929:Toluca International Airport
906:Zinacantepec railway station
604:Notable alumni and academics
77:Fatherland, Science and Work
283:Mexican War of Independence
114:Carlos Eduardo Barrera DĂaz
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839:Centro Cultural Mexiquense
670:; after having studied in
646:Fondo de Cultura EconĂłmica
631:Pastor Velázquez Hernández
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610:Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
368:Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez
328:Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
322:Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
66:Patria, Ciencia y Trabajo
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446:branches as a symbol of
1031:Estadio La Congeladora
854:Sala Felipe Villanueva
615:AndrĂ©s Molina EnrĂquez
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532:AndrĂ©s Molina EnrĂquez
406:After the Reform War,
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312:Maximilian of Habsburg
222:Don Guadalupe Victoria
996:Osos Negros de Toluca
956:Deportivo Toluca F.C.
660:refugees into Mexico.
642:Daniel CosĂo Villegas
636:Gilberto Owen Estrada
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372:Academy of San Carlos
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72:Motto in English
1036:Estadio Nemesio DĂez
961:Potros Salvajes UAEM
424:Mariano Riva Palacio
298:Mexican-American War
245:JosĂ© MarĂa Luis Mora
864:Toluca Car Assembly
768:19.2839°N 99.6781°W
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625:Adolfo LĂłpez Mateos
554:and performed some
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658:Spanish Civil War
650:Colegio de MĂ©xico
620:Gustavo Baz Prada
536:Gustavo Baz Prada
502:dissected animals
481:, because of the
305:War of the Reform
238:Lorenzo de Zavala
189:public university
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571:Ignacio AsĂşnsolo
450:. At the top, a
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76:
46:Former names
1006:Potros UAEM
844:Cosmovitral
827:Attractions
771: /
544:internships
512:lithography
454:represents
360:Holy Spirit
216:Liberal era
98:(Institute)
93:Established
1070:Categories
759:99°40′41″W
756:19°17′02″N
726:8 February
699:References
563:literature
540:Zapatistas
508:Typography
96:March 1828
873:Education
720:uaemex.mx
656:welcomed
516:carpentry
57:1943–1956
52:1828–1942
922:Airports
687:See also
582:autonomy
500:, where
479:beaterio
448:homeland
438:made of
376:Colombia
358:and the
127:Location
119:Students
693:Redalyc
487:liberal
460:beehive
456:science
272:Drawing
264:English
234:Tlalpan
229:Texcoco
211:History
205:Tlalpan
191:in the
168:Website
1081:Toluca
1019:Venues
942:Sports
820:Toluca
668:Oaxaca
552:poetry
514:, and
475:chapel
471:façade
354:, the
352:Father
332:Tixtla
268:German
260:French
201:Toluca
197:Mexico
162:
159:
152:Colors
144:Mexico
132:Toluca
110:Rector
716:(PDF)
676:Texas
567:music
464:labor
440:olive
436:crown
63:Motto
728:2023
452:star
442:and
432:hope
350:the
266:and
185:UAEM
179:The
101:1956
83:Type
444:oak
356:Son
256:Law
1072::
736:^
718:.
510:,
362:.
262:,
195:,
141:,
135:,
805:e
798:t
791:v
730:.
638:.
183:(
27:.
20:.
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