381:
601:: Kennedy was dead, and Murphy was dying. Murphy died in the Mater Hospital, Dublin on 11 February, but before the end, he declared that he and Kennedy had been shot by their Auxiliary captors. A military court of inquiry was held, and Captain W. L. King, commanding officer of F Company ADRIC, was arrested for the killings. King was court-martialled on 13–15 February, but acquitted, after Murphy's dying declaration was ruled inadmissible, and two officers from F Company provided perjured alibis for Captain King at the time of the shootings. Just short of two weeks later at the
508:
565:, an Auxiliary called Vernon Hart killed a young man and a seventy-year-old priest, whom the Auxiliary patrol met on the road. A third civilian, a local magistrate, escaped by approaching the other Auxiliaries before fleeing across nearby fields. Hart was arrested and court-martialled. At his trial, it was revealed that he had been a "particular friend" of Chapman, and had been drinking heavily since 11 December. Concerned that parallels would be made between this case and the
56:
311:(RIC) with ordinary recruits. Tudor's new "Auxiliary Force" would be strictly temporary: its members would enlist for a year: their pay would be £7 per week (twice what a constable was paid), plus a sergeant's allowances, and would be known as "Temporary Cadets". At that time, one of high unemployment, a London advertisement for ex-officers to manage coffee stalls at two pounds ten shillings a week received five thousand applicants.
529:, wrote in his memoirs that the Auxiliaries "were totally undisciplined by our regimental standards". Macready wrote in his own memoirs that "those companies that had the good fortune to have good commanders, generally ex-Regular officers, who could control their men, performed useful work, but the exploits of certain other companies under weak or inefficient commanders went a long way to discredit the whole force".
31:
617:, after being dismissed from the Division for striking a civilian without cause. On 19 February 1921, Commandant Crozier resigned after a dispute over discipline with the Police Adviser. Crozier had dismissed 21 Temporary Cadets accused of looting a licensed grocery store belonging to Protestants in
553:
did not have the resources to deal with the fires: law and order, it seemed, had completely broken down. The
British Government at first claimed the citizens were responsible for the arson, but a military court of inquiry known as the Strickland Report later found that the fires had been started by
540:
on 11 December 1920. At 7:30 p.m. that evening, a truckload of
Auxiliaries from newly formed K Company was ambushed at Dillons Cross: a grenade was thrown onto their truck, wounding ten Auxiliaries and killing one, Temporary Cadet Spencer Chapman. Later that night, police and Auxiliaries took
498:
on a tip that there were suspicious characters drinking therein. The "suspicious characters" turned out to be three off-duty members of the RIC: both sides mistook the other for insurgents and opened fire; three people, an RIC man, an
Auxiliary Cadet and a civilian, were killed in the shootout that
376:
who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty, while paying tribute to the bravery of the
Auxiliaries, noted that the force was not composed exclusively of ex-officers but contained "criminal elements", some of whom robbed people (including a number of Unionists) on the streets of Dublin and in their homes.
536:, for example, Dick McKee and Peadar Clancy were killed by their Auxiliary captors under very suspicious circumstances: the official explanation, that the two insurgents tried to escape, is widely disbelieved. Perhaps the most notorious reprisal involving the Auxiliary Division was the
446:: the IRA officer was reading in his room when a Temporary Cadet opened the door and walked in; "He was as unexpected as death," said O'Malley. In his memoirs, the commandant of the Clare IRA, Michael Brennan, describes how the Auxiliaries nearly captured him three nights in a row.
608:
However, while the authorities often turned a blind eye to reprisals, they were less tolerant of crimes against "civilians" - loyal and non-political people. A number of
Auxiliaries were dismissed and prosecuted for theft, including a one-armed former Temporary Cadet, Major
489:
Successes required reliable intelligence and raids often brought no result—or sometimes worse. In one case, they arrested a Castle official, Law
Adviser W. E. Wylie, by mistake. In another, more notorious case, on 19 April 1921 they raided the Shannon Hotel in
524:
worse than that of the Black and Tans. They were disliked by members of the Royal Irish
Constabulary, who considered them "rough." They seem to have been unpopular with the British Army as well. One British officer, who served as adjutant for the 2nd Battalion,
362:. Enlisted men who had been commissioned as officers during the war often found it difficult to adjust to their loss of status and pay in civilian life, and some historians have concluded that the Auxiliary Division recruited large numbers of these "
449:
IRA commanders became concerned about the morale of their units as to many
Volunteers the Auxiliaries seemed to be 'super fighters and all but invincible'. Those victories which were won over the Auxiliaries are among the most celebrated in the
519:
Many of the
Division's Temporary Cadets did not cope well with the frustrations of counterinsurgency: hurriedly recruited, poorly trained, and with an ill-defined role, they soon gained a reputation for drunkenness, lack of discipline, and
548:
Two IRA men, Cornelius and
Jerimiah Delaney, were killed in their beds at home in Dublin Hill (though Con Delaney survived to December 18). Five civilians were shot on the streets. Damage amounting to $ 20 million was inflicted. The
592:
While Hart spent some time in a Criminal Lunatic Asylum, other Auxiliaries got away with murder. On 9 February 1921, James Murphy and Patrick Kennedy were arrested by Auxiliaries in Dublin. Two hours later, constables of the
417:
especially in the key area of gathering intelligence. Auxiliary companies were intended as mobile striking and raiding forces, and they scored some notable successes against the IRA. On 20 November, the night before
569:, the British Cabinet directed that Hart should be examined by at least two medical experts, a highly unusual intervention. These medical witnesses testified that Hart was insane at the time of the murders and the
388:
Recruiting began in July 1920, and by November 1921, the division was 1,900 strong. The Auxiliaries were nominally part of the RIC, but actually operated more or less independently in rural areas. Divided into
1973:
295:, suggested the formation of a "Special Emergency Gendarmerie, which would become a branch of the Royal Irish Constabulary". Churchill's proposal was referred to a committee chaired by General Sir
641:
to assume responsibility for the pensions of RIC members, the Auxiliaries were explicitly excluded from this provision. Following their disbandment, many of its former personnel joined the
233:(IRA), acting mainly as a mobile striking and raiding force. It operated semi-independently of the RIC and was mainly deployed to southern and western regions where fighting was heaviest.
299:, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Ireland. Macready's committee rejected Churchill's proposal, but it was revived two months later, in July, by the Police Adviser to the
2072:
2087:
393:(eventually fifteen of them), each about one hundred strong, heavily armed and highly mobile, they operated in ten counties, mostly in the south and west, where
1988:
1060:
255:. These were also former British soldiers who were recruited into the RIC, but served as regular constables. Both groups wore a mixed uniform of British Army
554:
the Auxiliaries. Its findings were suppressed by the government, but K Company was disbanded. Allegedly, some Auxiliaries took to wearing pieces of burnt
61:
661:
leading to many atrocities committed by them being attributed to the Black and Tans. Nevertheless, both British units remain equally reviled in Ireland.
621:. When General Tudor reinstated these men pending an official inquiry, Crozier left the Force. He was replaced by his assistant, Brigadier-General
380:
300:
478:. On 19 March 1921, the 3rd Cork Brigade of the IRA defeated a large scale attempt by the British Army & Auxiliary Division to encircle and
682:
578:
541:
revenge by setting fire to the city's commercial centre, preventing the fire service from attending the blaze, and shooting seven people (see
397:(IRA) activity was greatest. They wore either RIC uniforms or their old army uniforms with appropriate police badges, along with distinctive
230:
2082:
2038:
1984:
1913:
280:
354:. Their decorations make it clear that many had been promoted from the ranks: some men, for example, had been awarded the common soldier's
1236:
2067:
1215:
526:
2092:
2057:
586:
287:
be expanded via the recruitment of a special force of volunteer British ex-servicemen. During a Cabinet meeting on 11 May 1920, the
573:
concluded that he "was guilty of the offenses with which he was charged, but was insane at the time of their commission". Although
2062:
2077:
582:
532:
Like the ordinary police, the Auxiliaries sometimes took reprisals in the wake of attacks by the IRA. On the evening of
307:. In a memo dated 6 July 1920, Tudor justified the scheme on the grounds that it would take too long to reinforce the
276:
143:
657:
The anti-insurgency activities of the Auxiliaries Division have become interchangeable with those conducted by the
594:
566:
288:
676:
451:
206:
113:
435:
308:
284:
202:
100:
1019:
398:
390:
1358:
670:
642:
550:
482:. On 15 April 1921, Captain Roy Mackinnon, commanding officer of H Company ADRIC, was assassinated by the
466:. A little more than two months later, on 2 February 1921, another platoon of Auxiliaries was ambushed by
1371:
394:
373:
241:
2000:
1974:"British Military Intelligence Law Enforcement Integration In The Irish War Of Independence, 1919-1921"
605:
in county Cork, an Auxiliary company were accused of killing seven IRA men after they had surrendered.
1396:
533:
419:
343:
507:
1471:
646:
537:
459:
402:
363:
170:
1596:
1496:
634:
610:
598:
327:
264:
226:
82:
1571:
1240:
454:. On 28 November 1920, for example, a platoon of Auxiliaries was ambushed and wiped out in the
2034:
1965:
The British Campaign in Ireland, 1919-1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies
1909:
622:
479:
455:
439:
369:
292:
138:
133:
123:
118:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1796:
1771:
1746:
1721:
1696:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1546:
1521:
1446:
1421:
810:
752:
665:
638:
521:
463:
339:
304:
210:
148:
438:, commandant of the Sligo IRA, in a separate raid. A month later, in December, they caught
928:
880:
737:
602:
574:
555:
542:
512:
495:
443:
260:
245:
222:
467:
875:
717:
658:
475:
414:
359:
355:
351:
335:
296:
259:
and RIC dark green, although the Auxiliaries had their own insignia and typically wore
252:
128:
30:
16:
Paramilitary unit of the Royal Irish Constabulary during the Irish War of Independence
2051:
1211:
1015:
958:
790:
570:
491:
427:
347:
315:
263:. The Auxiliaries and the RIC as a whole were disbanded in early 1922, following the
218:
2022:
Guerilla days in Ireland: a first-hand account of the Black and Tan war (1919-1921)
1956:
The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence
943:
858:
843:
805:
757:
633:
The Auxiliary Division was disbanded along with the RIC in 1922. Although the 1921
618:
483:
323:
214:
198:
72:
240:
attacks on civilians and civilian property in revenge for IRA actions, including
1065:
815:
772:
319:
225:. Almost 2,300 served in the unit during the conflict. Its role was to conduct
1902:
423:
562:
434:
Brigade, and murdered them in Dublin Castle. That same night, they caught
614:
471:
237:
413:
The elite ex-officer division proved to be much more effective than the
331:
722:
431:
1934:
The IRA and its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923
1061:"RIC and DMP policemen to be commemorated for first time by State"
506:
256:
1981:
Improving the Law Enforcement-Intelligence Community Relationship
384:
A group of Auxiliaries and "Black and Tans" in Dublin, April 1921
330:). Most recruits were from Britain, although some were from
1321:
1319:
1153:
by Piaras Beaslaí (Dublin, 1926), vol. 2, pp. 27 and 100.
2011:
Rose, Richard (1976). Committee on Political Sociology.
338:. Many had been highly decorated in the war and three,
2031:
Havoc: The Auxiliaries in Ireland's War of Independence
1925:
The Trial of Civilians by Military Courts: Ireland 1921
625:, who commanded the Division until it was demobilised.
2013:
The Dynamics of public policy: a comparative analysis
558:
on their caps afterwards, to celebrate the occasion.
2006:(Report). School of Humanities & Social Science.
164:
159:
106:
96:
88:
78:
68:
48:
40:
23:
1941:Harvey, A.D. (1992). "Who Were the Auxiliaries?".
1901:
430:, the commandant and vice-commandant of the IRA's
183:Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary
251:The Auxiliaries were distinct from the so-called
1297:O'Halpin, Eunan & Ó Corráin, Daithí (2020),
1212:"Casualty Details: Roy Livingston Mackinnon"
1034:Dublin Castle; worked in intelligence gathering
401:caps. They were commanded by Brigadier-General
1151:Michael Collins and the Making of a New Ireland
209:. It was founded in July 1920 by Major-General
2001:British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921
358:instead of (or in addition to) the officer's
8:
2073:Paramilitary organisations based in Ireland
1261:
35:Badge of the Auxiliary Division (F Company)
2088:Political repression in the United Kingdom
693:
334:, and others came from other parts of the
1285:
1078:
322:, especially those who had served in the
318:from among ex-officers who had served in
379:
1325:
1114:
1053:
301:Dublin Castle administration in Ireland
1310:
1273:
1186:
1162:
1138:
1126:
1102:
1090:
20:
1198:
567:killing of Francis Sheehy-Skeffington
7:
1908:. New York: Barnes and Noble Books.
1346:
1174:
802:16 September 1920 – 18 January 1922
236:The Auxiliaries became infamous for
613:, who was imprisoned for robbing a
589:before release the following year.
1967:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1958:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1936:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1216:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
955:27 January 1921 – 19 January 1922
855:28 October 1920 – 18 January 1922
583:detained at His Majesty's pleasure
14:
999:April–May 1921 – 16 January 1922
940:3 January 1921 – 14 January 1922
664:The Auxiliaries have featured in
587:Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum
217:officers, most of whom came from
1301:. Yale University Press, pg 253.
1299:The Dead of the Irish Revolution
892:November 1920 – 23 January 1922
597:found the two men lying shot in
372:, a former senior member of the
54:
29:
1927:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.
749:27 July 1920 – 23 January 1922
734:27 July 1920 – 18 January 1922
683:The Wind That Shakes the Barley
1522:"F Company Auxiliary Division"
905:22 November 1920 – March 1921
827:September 1920 – January 1922
1:
986:March 1921 – 14 January 1922
925:December 1920 – January 1922
870:November 1920 – January 1922
787:3 August 1920 – January 1922
515:by Auxiliaries, December 1920
2083:Police misconduct in Ireland
915:October 1920 – January 1922
840:October 1920 – January 1922
769:27 July 1920 – January 1922
714:27 July 1920 – January 1922
647:British-controlled territory
271:Recruitment and organisation
244:and arson; most notably the
1963:Townshend, Charles (1975).
1472:"D Company ADRIC in Galway"
1031:28 May 1921 – January 1922
585:, Hart was briefly held at
314:The ADRIC was recruited in
277:Commander-in-Chief, Ireland
144:Burning of the Custom House
2109:
973:March 1921 – January 1922
595:Dublin Metropolitan Police
442:completely by surprise in
289:Secretary of State for War
189:), generally known as the
2068:Irish War of Independence
1900:Bennett, Richard (1995).
894:
873:Dublin (until March 1921)
452:Irish War of Independence
207:Irish War of Independence
114:Irish War of Independence
28:
2093:Royal Irish Constabulary
2058:Auxiliary military units
1999:Ainsworth, John (2001).
1697:"M Coy ADRIC - Longford"
309:Royal Irish Constabulary
203:Royal Irish Constabulary
101:Royal Irish Constabulary
1972:Kostal, Devlin (2007).
561:A few days later, near
480:trap them at Crossbarry
350:, had been awarded the
285:police force in Ireland
275:In September 1919, the
229:operations against the
2063:Auxiliary police units
2029:O'Brien, Paul (2017).
1923:Enright, Sean (2012).
1397:"A Coy ADRIC Kilkenny"
1337:O'Halpin, pgs 296-297.
720:(until September 1920)
643:Palestine Police Force
516:
385:
242:extrajudicial killings
221:and had fought in the
213:and made up of former
44:July 1920 – April 1922
1954:Leeson, D.M. (2011).
1876:www.theauxiliries.com
1851:www.theauxiliries.com
1826:www.theauxiliries.com
1801:www.theauxiliries.com
1776:www.theauxiliries.com
1751:www.theauxiliries.com
1726:www.theauxiliries.com
1701:www.theauxiliries.com
1676:www.theauxiliries.com
1651:www.theauxiliries.com
1626:www.theauxiliries.com
1601:www.theauxiliries.com
1576:www.theauxiliries.com
1551:www.theauxiliries.com
1526:www.theauxiliries.com
1501:www.theauxiliries.com
1476:www.theauxiliries.com
1451:www.theauxiliries.com
1426:www.theauxiliries.com
1401:www.theauxiliries.com
1376:www.theauxiliries.com
1012:28 May 1921 – ?
961:(until February 1921)
808:(until November 1920)
775:(until February 1921)
511:The aftermath of the
510:
395:Irish Republican Army
383:
231:Irish Republican Army
1932:Hart, Peter (1998).
246:burning of Cork city
2078:Paramilitary police
2020:Barry, Tom (1956).
1985:NDIC, Washington DC
1722:"N Coy ADRIC Meath"
703:Area of operations
527:Cameron Highlanders
403:Frank Percy Crozier
364:temporary gentlemen
283:suggested that the
171:Frank Percy Crozier
1943:Historical Journal
1904:The Black and Tans
1359:Anglo Irish Treaty
677:The Last September
635:Anglo Irish Treaty
611:Ewen Cameron Bruce
517:
436:William Pilkington
386:
328:Royal Flying Corps
265:Anglo-Irish Treaty
248:in December 1920.
227:counter-insurgency
83:Counter-insurgency
24:Auxiliary Division
2040:978-1-78841-010-6
2033:. Collins Press.
1915:978-1-56619-820-2
1822:"R Company ADRIC"
1772:"P Company ADRIC"
1672:"L Company ADRIC"
1647:"K Company ADRIC"
1622:"J Company ADRIC"
1597:"I Company ADRIC"
1572:"H Company ADRIC"
1547:"G Company ADRIC"
1447:"C Company ADRIC"
1422:"B Company ADRIC"
1069:, 1 January 2020.
1040:
1039:
878:(until June 1921)
813:(until June 1921)
690:List of companies
653:Historical legacy
623:Edward Allan Wood
581:that he would be
577:announced to the
551:Cork Fire Brigade
456:Kilmichael Ambush
409:Counterinsurgency
293:Winston Churchill
205:(RIC) during the
176:
175:
139:Crossbarry Ambush
134:Coolavokig ambush
124:Drumcondra ambush
119:Kilmichael Ambush
2100:
2044:
2025:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1995:
1994:on 13 July 2011.
1993:
1987:. Archived from
1978:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1907:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1328:, p. 29-32.
1323:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1239:. Archived from
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1058:
811:County Roscommon
755:(until May 1921)
753:County Tipperary
694:
666:historical drama
639:Irish Free State
579:House of Commons
464:3rd Cork Brigade
422:, they captured
303:, Major-General
211:Henry Hugh Tudor
149:Rathcoole ambush
64:
60:
58:
57:
33:
21:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1372:"Depot Company"
1370:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1045:
962:
929:County Longford
881:County Monaghan
879:
874:
814:
809:
776:
756:
738:County Kilkenny
721:
692:
671:Michael Collins
655:
631:
603:Clonmult Ambush
575:Hamar Greenwood
543:Burning of Cork
538:burning of Cork
513:Burning of Cork
505:
496:County Limerick
444:County Kilkenny
411:
326:(including the
273:
223:First World War
179:
166:
155:
55:
53:
52:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1996:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1863:
1838:
1813:
1788:
1763:
1738:
1713:
1688:
1663:
1638:
1613:
1588:
1563:
1538:
1513:
1488:
1463:
1438:
1413:
1388:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1330:
1315:
1313:, p. 204.
1303:
1290:
1286:Ainsworth 2001
1278:
1276:, p. 120.
1266:
1254:
1243:on 12 May 2016
1237:"RIC Memorial"
1228:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1165:, p. 119.
1155:
1143:
1141:, p. 112.
1131:
1129:, p. 665.
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1079:Townshend 1975
1071:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:communications
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
990:
987:
984:
980:
979:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
964:
956:
953:
949:
948:
946:
941:
938:
934:
933:
931:
926:
923:
919:
918:
916:
913:
909:
908:
906:
903:
899:
898:
896:
893:
890:
886:
885:
883:
876:County Leitrim
871:
868:
864:
863:
861:
856:
853:
849:
848:
846:
841:
838:
834:
833:
831:
828:
825:
821:
820:
818:
803:
800:
796:
795:
793:
788:
785:
781:
780:
778:
770:
767:
763:
762:
760:
750:
747:
743:
742:
740:
735:
732:
728:
727:
725:
718:County Kildare
715:
712:
711:Depot Company
708:
707:
704:
701:
698:
691:
688:
659:Black and Tans
654:
651:
630:
627:
504:
501:
476:Clonfin Ambush
440:Ernie O'Malley
415:Black and Tans
410:
407:
399:Tam o' Shanter
370:Piaras Beaslaí
360:Military Cross
356:Military Medal
352:Victoria Cross
336:British Empire
297:Nevil Macready
281:Frederick Shaw
272:
269:
253:Black and Tans
177:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
129:Clonfin Ambush
126:
121:
110:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:United Kingdom
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2105:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:, p. 98.
1348:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:, p. 36.
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:, p. 77.
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:, p. 32.
1104:
1099:
1096:
1093:, p. 31.
1092:
1087:
1084:
1081:, p. 30.
1080:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:Dublin Castle
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
976:County Sligo
975:
972:
969:
968:
965:
960:
959:County Dublin
957:
954:
951:
950:
947:
945:
942:
939:
936:
935:
932:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:
897:
891:
888:
887:
884:
882:
877:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
847:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
817:
812:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
792:
791:County Galway
789:
786:
783:
782:
779:
774:
771:
768:
765:
764:
761:
759:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
726:
724:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
699:
696:
695:
689:
687:
685:
684:
679:
678:
673:
672:
667:
662:
660:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
637:required the
636:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:court-martial
568:
564:
559:
557:
552:
546:
544:
539:
535:
534:Bloody Sunday
530:
528:
523:
514:
509:
502:
500:
497:
493:
492:Castleconnell
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Peadar Clancy
425:
421:
420:Bloody Sunday
416:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:George Onions
345:
344:James Johnson
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Great Britain
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
270:
268:
266:
262:
261:Balmoral caps
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Great Britain
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
178:Military unit
172:
169:
163:
158:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
51:
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43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2030:
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2012:
1989:the original
1980:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1903:
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1875:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
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1825:
1816:
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1800:
1791:
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1775:
1766:
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1750:
1741:
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1725:
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1700:
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1675:
1666:
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1650:
1641:
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1625:
1616:
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1600:
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1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1541:
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1525:
1516:
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1500:
1491:
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1475:
1466:
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1450:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1361:, Article 10
1354:
1342:
1333:
1326:Enright 2012
1306:
1298:
1293:
1288:, p. 3.
1281:
1269:
1262:O'Brien 2017
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1115:Bennett 1995
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1064:
1056:
1018:; worked in
963:County Cork
944:County Meath
895:County Cork
859:County Kerry
844:County Clare
806:County Sligo
758:County Cavan
681:
675:
669:
663:
656:
632:
619:County Meath
607:
591:
560:
547:
531:
518:
488:
468:Seán MacEoin
448:
412:
387:
368:
324:British Army
313:
274:
250:
235:
215:British Army
201:unit of the
199:paramilitary
194:
190:
186:
182:
180:
97:Part of
73:Paramilitary
18:
1847:"S Company"
1797:"Q Company"
1747:"O Company"
1311:Leeson 2011
1274:Leeson 2011
1221:11 December
1187:Leeson 2011
1163:Kostal 2007
1139:Leeson 2011
1127:Harvey 1992
1103:Leeson 2011
1091:Leeson 2011
1066:Irish Times
816:County Mayo
773:County Cork
668:films like
629:Disbandment
503:Controversy
474:IRA in the
340:James Leach
320:World War I
191:Auxiliaries
107:Engagements
2052:Categories
1881:23 January
1856:23 January
1831:22 January
1806:22 January
1781:22 January
1756:22 January
1731:22 January
1706:22 January
1681:22 January
1656:22 January
1631:22 January
1606:22 January
1581:22 January
1556:22 January
1531:22 January
1506:22 January
1481:22 January
1456:22 January
1431:22 January
1406:22 January
1381:22 January
1199:Barry 1956
1043:References
1028:Z Company
1009:S Company
996:R Company
983:Q Company
970:P Company
952:O Company
937:N Company
922:M Company
912:L Company
902:K Company
889:J Company
867:I Company
852:H Company
837:G Company
824:F Company
799:E Company
784:D Company
766:C Company
746:B Company
731:A Company
599:Drumcondra
499:followed.
424:Dick McKee
167:commanders
160:Commanders
49:Allegiance
2015:(Report).
1347:Hart 1998
1247:9 October
1175:Rose 1976
563:Dunmanway
522:brutality
460:Tom Barry
391:companies
305:H H Tudor
700:Service
615:creamery
472:Longford
470:and the
462:and the
238:reprisal
197:, was a
1894:Sources
1872:"Z Coy"
1497:"E Coy"
1002:Dublin
989:Dublin
830:Dublin
777:Dublin
706:Source
645:in the
332:Ireland
165:Notable
2037:
1912:
723:Dublin
680:, and
432:Dublin
346:, and
279:, Sir
195:Auxies
92:2,264
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41:Active
2004:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1977:(PDF)
1048:Notes
697:Unit
486:IRA.
484:Kerry
257:khaki
187:ADRIC
2035:ISBN
1949:(3).
1910:ISBN
1883:2022
1858:2022
1833:2022
1808:2022
1783:2022
1758:2022
1733:2022
1708:2022
1683:2022
1658:2022
1633:2022
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1558:2022
1533:2022
1508:2022
1483:2022
1458:2022
1433:2022
1408:2022
1383:2022
1249:2008
1223:2020
556:cork
426:and
181:The
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545:).
458:by
374:IRA
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193:or
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1979:.
1947:35
1945:.
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1318:^
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2043:.
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185:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
