1056:. What is certain is that Ava, or at least its inner citadel, is designed to replicate the Buddhist universe in miniature. The palace was constructed in the very centre of the citadel, which according to traditional principles of Burmese city design, corresponds to the location of the Buddha, therefore directly associating the King with the Buddha himself. This conferred upon the King a divine status and the palace as a religious centrepiece. The palace was specifically designed to emulate the highly auspicious
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1003:, led by the state of Mohnyin in alliance with Prome, sacked Ava. The Confederation placed nominal kings on the Ava throne and ruled much of Upper Burma. As Prome was in alliance with the Confederation, only the tiny Taungoo in the southeastern corner, east of the Bago Yoma mountain range remained as the last holdout of the independent kingdom.
1112:. Ava was a highly literate society with poetry being composed by people from all levels of society, such as a village headman of Palaung in 1355, who inscribed verse onto stone. Inscriptions in classical Burmese during both the Bagan and Ava periods written by commoners and nobles appear at a ratio of 3:1 in favour of the commoners.
1121:
hatred, and ignorance; and when I have neatly tied the ascetic's knot in my hair, I shall bedeck it with Faith for a garland; the fragrance of
Meditation shall be my sandalwood, and I shall anoint myself with the sweet-smelling and cooling juice of aloes. ... I shall wear the priceless and costly garment of the Law.
1115:
Elaborate use of simile, metaphor, and other literary devices abound in
Burmese verse, especially in the works of Shin Maharattathara. One of these works rejects the comforts of marriage and secular life for that of a forest ascetic. The following is a translation by Dr. Hla Pe, John Okell, and Anna
1006:
The
Confederation's failure to snuff out Taungoo proved costly. Surrounded by hostile kingdoms, Taungoo took the initiative to consolidate its position, and defeated a much stronger Hanthawaddy in 1534β1541. When Taungoo turned against Prome, the Shans belatedly sent in their armies. Taungoo took
1120:
The maiden I marry shall be a forest dwelling, one that befits a hermit, far from the approach of men; she will tend to all my needs and will always keep me fed, with forest fruits for rice, and forest fruits for curry. I shall have Wisdom for my washing-water, for it cleanses the dirt of greed,
1052:. Ava was the first Burmese city to be entirely walled, with an inner citadel and an outer civilian city. Ava's citadel is probably the only barrel shaped city in the world. According to legend the outline of the city walls was intended to replicate the appearance of a mythical Burmese Lion, a
1092:, the most important of the Buddhist heavens which also served as the model for the earthly realm of Burmese kingdoms. Swa Saw Ke was known as an intellectual king who encouraged scholarly endeavours and the city was said to be full of intelligent conversation.
931:. Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from a record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence.
1068:
belief. The kingdom and its power emanated directly from the city as a mandala, encircling the entirety of the world (in theory) and therefore the city was a cosmological centre of a divinely ordained kingdom.
988:(1385β1424) with Hanthawaddy left Ava exhausted. From the 1420s to early 1480s, Ava regularly faced rebellions in its vassal regions whenever a new king came to power. In the 1480s and 1490s, the
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In its first years of existence, Ava, which viewed itself as the rightful successor to the Pagan
Kingdom, tried to reassemble the former empire by waging constant wars against the
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more or less continuously until the mid 19th century. The city was designed according to the traditional principles of
Burmese city design, which had existed since at least the
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Ava was under intensified Shan raids for the first quarter of the 16th century. In 1527, the
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became as powerful as its nominal overlord Ava. In 1510, Taungoo also broke away.
984:) within its fold at the peak of its power, Ava failed to reconquer the rest. The
893:) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the
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1420:"The Myth of the 'Three Shan Brothers' and the Ava Period in Burmese History"
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30:"Ava Kingdom" was also a name commonly used for Burma under the
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1223:
Myanmar in the fifteenth century : a tale of two kingdoms
1088:. In one inscription the city was said to be as pleasant as
1472:
History of Burma: From the
Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
957:
in the south, the Shan States in the north and east, and
1370:
Myanmar in the
Fifteenth Century: A Tale of Two Kingdoms
1335:"The Post Pagan Period β 14th To 20th Centuries. Part I"
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that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the
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1483:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
1279:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1100:Ava's most notable legacy was its contribution to
1373:. University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 166β183.
1011:, just below Ava, in 1544. In January 1555, King
1337:. Northern Illinois University. Archived from
2321:States and territories disestablished in 1555
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1465:(1967 ed.). University of Hawaii Press.
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920:that preceded it, Ava may have been led by
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1430:(4). Cambridge University Press: 881β901.
1254:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1488:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1967) .
1463:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
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1274:"Traditional Town Planning in Burma"
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2316:Former monarchies of Southeast Asia
1680:State Peace and Development Council
1474:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
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27:Polity in upper Myanmar (1365β1555)
2306:Former countries in Southeast Asia
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968:and some peripheral Shan States (
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1395:from the original on 19 May 2019
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2286:1550s disestablishments in Asia
1367:Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017).
254:β’ Kingdom of Ava founded
1:
1102:Burmese vernacular literature
64:
1889:State Administration Council
1635:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1424:The Journal of Asian Studies
1418:Aung-Thwin, Michael (2010).
1226:. Honolulu. pp. 53β70.
1220:Aung-Thwin, Michael (2017).
1001:Confederation of Shan States
2271:1364 establishments in Asia
1690:2011β2015 political reforms
1333:Cooler, Richard M. (2002).
939:The kingdom was founded by
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964:While it was able to hold
913:in the late 13th century.
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2311:Former monarchies of Asia
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1546:Myanmar is also known as
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1479:Htin Aung, Maung (1967).
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1815:Administrative divisions
1183:Aung-Thwin 2010: 881β901
1108:to using the vernacular
2185:Twelve Auspicious Rites
1966:Myanmar kyat (currency)
1461:Coedès, George (1968).
703:British colonial period
1492:. London: Susil Gupta.
1470:Harvey, G. E. (1925).
1165:Htin Aung 1967: 84β103
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1022:Kingdom of Ava in 1368
882:[ΚΙͺΜΙ°ΜwaΜ°kΚ°ΙͺΚ]
485:This article contains
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2291:15th century in Burma
2276:14th century in Burma
1132:Ava kings family tree
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677:Nyaungyan Restoration
604:Warring states period
530:Prehistory of Myanmar
101:Common languages
2022:Environmental issues
1981:Units of measurement
1628:First Toungoo Empire
1201:Phayre 1883: 100β101
1072:During the reign of
1040:founded the city of
721:Nationalist movement
685:Restored Hanthawaddy
671:First Toungoo Empire
647:1287β1539, 1550β1552
429:First Toungoo Empire
267:Saw Omma's rebellion
238:Thado Minbya seized
1660:Japanese occupation
1613:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1272:Hla, U Kan (1978).
955:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
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727:Japanese occupation
715:Resistance movement
645:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
596:Early Pagan Kingdom
2245:Outline of Myanmar
1961:Telecommunications
1877:commander-in-chief
1670:Socialist Republic
1618:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1481:A History of Burma
1341:on 6 December 2008
1174:Phayre 1883: 63β75
1137:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1046:capital of Myanmar
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828:Myanmar portal
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709:Anglo-Burmese Wars
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1380:978-0-8248-6783-6
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176:
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102:
98:
97:
84:
80:
79:
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72:
71:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
43:Kingdom of Ava
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2338:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
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2314:
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2309:
2307:
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2299:
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2279:
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2246:
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2240:
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2207:
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2203:
2191:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
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2138:
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2128:
2126:
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2101:
2098:
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2069:
2063:
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2053:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Ethnic groups
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
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1944:
1943:
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1937:
1935:
1931:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:military rule
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
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1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
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1777:
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1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Deforestation
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:2007 protests
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:8888 Uprising
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
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1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:Prome Kingdom
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Pinya Kingdom
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Pagan Kingdom
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1543:
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1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
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1477:
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1421:
1416:
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1371:
1363:
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1340:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:(2): 92β104.
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
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1160:
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1129:
1125:
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1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
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1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
990:Prome Kingdom
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
961:in the west.
960:
959:Rakhine State
956:
953:
948:
946:
942:
934:
932:
930:
926:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
871:
867:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
835:
833:
832:
829:
819:
818:
811:
810:Military rule
808:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
743:1948βpresent
742:
739:
738:
737:
736:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:
692:
689:
686:
683:
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
666:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
638:
637:Prome Kingdom
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
616:
613:
612:
610:
609:Upper Myanmar
607:
606:
605:
602:
597:
594:
593:
591:
590:Pagan Kingdom
588:
587:
586:
585:
579:
576:
575:
570:
565:
564:
561:825?β1057? CE
560:
557:
556:
551:
547:
542:
541:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
517:
516:
513:
509:
502:
498:
494:
490:
488:
469:
466:
464:Today part of
462:
446:
444:
443:Prome Kingdom
441:
440:
432:
430:
427:
426:
423:
417:
414:
407:
406:
403:
402:Pinya Kingdom
400:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
341:14 March 1527
339:
335:
321:
316:
303:
299:
287:
283:
272:
268:
257:
245:
241:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
204:
201:
192:
189:
180:
179:Mohnyin Thado
177:
168:
165:
156:
153:
144:
141:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
60:
55:
50:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2237:
2225:
2213:
2057:Prostitution
2012:Demographics
1951:Central bank
1840:Human rights
1820:Constitution
1655:British rule
1602:
1547:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1427:
1423:
1412:Bibliography
1397:. Retrieved
1369:
1343:. Retrieved
1339:the original
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1283:
1277:
1222:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1119:
1114:
1099:
1071:
1038:Thado Minbya
1036:
1005:
998:
963:
949:
941:Thado Minbya
938:
915:
911:Pagan Empire
865:
863:
773:2021βpresent
630:
559:Mon kingdoms
484:
384:Succeeded by
383:
378:
143:Thado Minbya
36:
2266:Ava dynasty
1946:Agriculture
1784:Earthquakes
1645:Shan States
1399:15 February
1345:15 February
1318:15 February
1084:monks, and
945:Shan States
887:upper Burma
651:Shan States
379:Preceded by
334:Shan period
305:16 May 1426
213:Legislature
167:Minkhaung I
68: 1450
18:Ava Kingdom
2260:Categories
2155:Literature
2110:Censorship
2090:State Seal
1884:Parliament
1825:Corruption
1749:Ecoregions
1568:Prehistory
1389:j.ctvvn2pv
1148:References
1074:Swa Saw Ke
1058:Mount Meru
1050:Pyu period
1013:Bayinnaung
878:pronounced
741:Modern era
705:1824β1948
667:1510β1752
611:1297β1555
155:Swa Saw Ke
125:Government
2180:Tattooing
2140:Festivals
2135:Etymology
2042:Languages
2017:Education
1901:President
1830:Elections
1789:Volcanoes
1764:Mountains
1717:Geography
1705:Civil war
1695:2021 coup
1454:162150555
1300:0037-9808
1250:cite book
1242:990802695
1116:Allott:
1090:Tavatimsa
1082:Sinhalese
922:Bamarised
916:Like the
899:Myinsaing
874:α‘ααΊαΈααα±ααΊ
771:SAC junta
767:2011β2015
761:1988β2010
755:1962β1988
749:1948β1962
729:1942β1945
723:1900β1948
717:1885β1895
711:1824β1885
693:1752β1885
687:1740β1757
679:1599β1752
673:1510β1599
659:1429β1785
653:1215β1563
639:1482β1542
633:1365β1555
627:1315β1365
621:1297β1365
615:Myinsaing
592:849β1297
580:788?β1406
332:Start of
317:secession
296:Start of
288:1385β1424
191:Thohanbwa
115:Religion
52:1365β1555
46:α‘ααΊαΈααα±ααΊ
2215:Category
2190:Weddings
2150:Folklore
2120:Clothing
2100:Calendar
2095:Capitals
2047:Religion
1867:Military
1857:Conflict
1803:Politics
1779:Wildlife
1700:Protests
1534:articles
1393:Archived
1312:Archived
1126:See also
1086:Brahmins
1066:Buddhist
970:Kalaymyo
785:Timeline
598:849β1044
364:Currency
128:Monarchy
2227:Commons
2125:Cuisine
2072:Culture
1995:Society
1971:Tourism
1934:Economy
1754:Islands
1739:Climate
1729:Borders
1560:History
1530:Myanmar
1446:2646527
1054:Chinthe
1027:Capital
978:Mogaung
974:Mohnyin
966:Taungoo
935:History
907:Sagaing
891:Myanmar
870:Burmese
795:Leaders
468:Myanmar
348:β’
330:β’
315:Toungoo
312:β’
294:β’
279:β’
264:β’
240:Sagaing
236:β’
223:History
217:Hluttaw
105:Burmese
87:Sagaing
83:Capital
78:Kingdom
2239:Portal
2115:Cinema
2105:Zodiac
2085:Anthem
2032:Health
1774:Rivers
1734:Cities
1532:
1452:
1444:
1387:
1377:
1308:989177
1306:
1298:
1240:
1230:
1096:Legacy
1078:Sangha
982:Hsipaw
226:
75:Status
2165:Music
2160:Media
2130:Dance
2052:Women
2007:Crime
1759:Lakes
1548:Burma
1450:S2CID
1442:JSTOR
1385:JSTOR
1304:JSTOR
1062:Hindu
1009:Bagan
903:Pinya
91:Pinya
2145:Flag
1918:list
1906:list
1845:LGBT
1401:2023
1375:ISBN
1347:2023
1320:2023
1296:ISSN
1256:link
1238:OCLC
1228:ISBN
1106:Pali
1033:Inwa
980:and
925:Shan
905:and
864:The
617:and
368:Kyat
109:Shan
63:Ava
2080:Art
1432:doi
1288:doi
1060:in
1042:Ava
952:Mon
897:of
95:Ava
2262::
1448:.
1440:.
1428:55
1426:.
1422:.
1391:.
1383:.
1355:^
1310:.
1302:.
1294:.
1284:37
1282:.
1276:.
1264:^
1252:}}
1248:{{
1236:.
1206:^
1156:^
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567:(
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544:(
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489:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
