327:, where he became a gamester and a burglar and helped the maiden Kulapalika to gain her lover by enriching her with burgled wealth. A devious prostitute named Kamanamanjari had defrauded several people in that city. Apaharavarman falls in love with her sister Ragamanjari, tricks Kamanamanjari into giving back her money to her former paramours, and marries the sister. Later he rashly attacks a soldier and is imprisoned. The jailor Kantaka uses his services to dig a tunnel out of the prison into the royal palace since Karnataka is enamoured of the princess and wishes to visit her in secret. However, Apaharavarman kills the jailor and escapes through the tunnel.
362:(whom he has met at a cock-fight). The Brahmana dresses Pramati in female garb, and leaves 'her' in the protection of the King (Navamalika's father) telling the King that 'she' is the Brahmana's daughter. While in the palace, Pramati wins the princess's affection, but then absconds and joins the Brahmana. The two approach the King, and the Brahmana presents Pramati as his prospective son-in-law who has come to claim his future wife. The King is, of course, unable to produce her, and is forced to give up his own daughter in order to propitiate the Brahmana (who otherwise threatens to immolate himself). Thus Pramati is wedded to Navamalika.
66:, all of whom are either princes or sons of royal ministers, as narrated by the men themselves (however, there are irregularities in the text). These narratives are replete with accounts of demigods, ghosts, prostitutes, gamblers, intrigues with voluptuous women, astonishing coincidences, cockfights, anthropophagy, sorcery, robberies, murders and wars. The reader is treated to some very striking passages; for instance, a seductive young girl (all of whose anatomical features are very frankly described) deftly prepares a fragrant meal of rice-gruel and vegetables for her prospective suitor in the sixth chapter of the
315:
vanquishes him. Meanwhile, a message arrives from
Manasara commanding that Rajavahana be executed. As he is about to be trampled to death by an elephant, the chain tied to his feet falls off and is revealed to be a nymph who had previously been cursed into assuming that form. Meanwhile, Chandavarman is killed by a thief. Several military allies of Simhavarman arrive at the scene, amongst whom all of Rajavahana's remaining missing friends are found. Now Apaharavarman is asked to relate his adventures.
409:
day, as the king of
Kalinga (and the princess), is away on a hunting expedition, their entire retinue is surprised and made captive by the rival king Jayasimha. The latter wishes to possess the princess, who resists his advances. In order to rescue her, Mantragupta dresses in the rags and severed hair of the sorcerer and presents himself as an ascetic possessing magical powers. He convinces Jayasimha to bathe in a presumably enchanted lake which would frighten away the
423:
Mitravarma, who proved to be a treacherous ally. Thus the queen is compelled to send away the boy to safety. Vishruta takes upon himself to help the boy. He sends back the servant and instructs him to spread a false report that the young prince is dead. He also sends a poisonous garland to the queen which she uses to kill
Mitravarma. Then Vishruta arrives in the city with the young boy, restores the kingdom and meets the queen in a temple of
378:, the king had obtained two children, a son (Bhimadhanva) and a daughter (Kandukavati). The goddess had stipulated that the son should be subordinate to the daughter's husband. The princess chooses Mitragupta as her husband in a public festival. This infuriates Bhimadhanva (who resents being subordinated to a stranger) and he throws Mitragupta into the sea. He is rescued by a passing vessel of
856:
85:). At the beginning of the chapter, Mantragupta is called upon to relate his adventures. However, during the previous night of vigorous lovemaking, his lips have been nibbled several times by his beloved; as a result, they are now swollen, making it painful for him to close them. Thus, throughout his narrative, he is compelled to refrain from using any
263:
loyal to the minister of King
Viraketu. They break free from the prison, raise an army and overthrow the usurper. The old king is restored to the throne and Somadatta marries his daughter. At the end of this narrative, Rajavahana and Somadatta accidentally meet Pushpodbhava and ask him to relate his adventures. The latter begins his narrative.
613:
English translation, as well as an extensive commentary on the stylistic and historical aspects of the text. In her translation of the lipogrammatic chapter, Onians omits the labial roman letters 'b', 'm' and 'p'. (E.g., she uses the circumlocution 'honey-creator' instead of 'bumblebee'). There is also a translation into German by Mayer.
408:
in order to obtain miraculous powers. He kills the sorcerer and rescues the princess who falls in love with him. The sorcerer's slave (a ghost) is overjoyed to be freed from his master and clandestinely carries
Mantragupta into the palace, where he lives with the princess in the ladies chambers. One
361:
Pramati relates his adventures. While travelling through the
Vindhya mountains, he fell asleep under a tree. During the night he was transported by a nymph to the palace of the princess Navamalika, with whom he fell in love. In order to gain the princess, he hatches a plan in consort with a Brahmana
859:
612:
in c. 1250. Editions of the original
Sanskrit text have been published in modern times by Agashe, Godbole and Parab, Kale, and Wilson. The work has been translated into English by Haksar, Jacob, Kale, Onians, and Ryder. In particular, the edition by Kale includes the original in Sanskrit, a literal
138:
The plot, as described below, almost makes a coherent whole. However, as mentioned above, it comes from the hands of multiple authors writing in possibly different centuries. There are small discrepancies between the three parts; e.g., the patronage of
Pramati as described in the prologue disagrees
134:
proper has been lost; thus it contains only eight of the ten narratives, and furthermore, the stories of
Rajavahan and Vishruta are incomplete. The 1st and the 3rd parts seem to have been added later by various authors (some of whom have tried to mimic the style of the original); indeed, there are
293:
where he became enamoured of
Princess Avantisundari (the daughter of Manasara, his father's enemy). Meanwhile, Manasara has temporarily abdicated his kingdom to practice penance and left Chandavarman in charge. Rajavahana and Avantisundari are married by a friendly conjurer who makes Chandavarman
271:
Pushpodbhava saves a man falling from a cliff, who turns out to be his father, who had tried to commit suicide after becoming despondent for having lost his family. Shortly afterwards, he saves a woman from throwing herself in fire due to grief; this turns out to be his mother. Later Pushpodbhava
352:
where he heard the plight of Kampala (his father, and a former royal minister). The latter was sentenced to death by the evil King Simhaghosha. While Kampala is being led to his execution, Arthapala drops a poisonous snake on his body and makes him fall down senseless. The seemingly dead body is
262:
Somadatta had gone to Ujjain in search of the lost Prince, where King Mattakala has usurped King Viraketu. Somadatta finds a jewel near a river, and then gives it to a destitute Brahmana in charity. The latter has him imprisoned as a jewel thief. Somadatta discovers that his fellow prisoners are
422:
Vishruta begins to relate his adventures. While wandering through the Vindhya forest, he comes across a young boy accompanied by an old servant. The boy is the prince of Vidarbha whose kingdom has been usurped. This had forced the queen Vasundhara to take refuge (with her son and daughter) with
339:
in search of the Prince. He meets his old nurse who informs him that his father's kingdom has been usurped by King Vikatavarman. He entices the king into a trap to perform a magical rite in order to exchange his (the King's) old and shrivelled body for a new one and succeeds in killing him. The
215:
forest together with his ministers. During his sojourn, he and his ministers respectively sire sons. Several other young men are brought to his dwelling due to various incidents (e.g., one is rescued from a river, another from a tiger, and still another wanders off from a battlefield during a
387:
who threatens to eat him unless he answers the following four questions: 1. What is cruel by nature? 2. What ensures the happiness of a householder? 3. What is love? and 4. What is the best means of achieving difficult things? He answers 1. The heart of a woman, 2. The virtues of a wife, 3.
314:
The lovers are discovered by royal attendants and reported to Chandavarman, who becomes furious, arrests Rajavahana and imprisons him in a wooden cage. Then Chandavarman launches a military campaign against his rival King Simhavarman (carrying along the wooden cage onto the battlefield) and
388:
Imagination and 4. Ability. He illustrates his answers by four stories (told in full in the text). The Rakshasa is appeased by these answers. Just then, another Rakshasa is seen forcibly carrying the princess Kandukavati through the air. She is rescued and then married to Mitragupta.
567:(Gist of the Story of the Beautiful Lady from Avanti) seems to have summarised the full story, and its surviving portion covers more of the story, and more again is preserved in a thirteenth-century Telugu translation. These texts overlap significantly with the stories in the
382:
who want to hold him as a slave. However, at the same time, their ship is attacked by Bhimadhanva's party. Mitragupta helps the Yavanas in repelling the attack and wins their favour. The ship drifts off to an island and Mitragupta lands on the shore. There he meets a
413:
who has presumably possessed the princess. Mantragupta hides himself in a cavity along the bank of the lake and drowns Jayasimha when the latter enters. He issues forth as the King (who has acquired a new lustrous body), frees the old king and marries the princess.
652:, which is an accurate account of the Vākāṭaka fall and that Dandin (or one of the Dandins) had a personal, perhaps familial, connection to the events in the 5th-century. Evidence from the text has also been used to establish the spread of the cult of
276:
to his eyes to detect subterranean riches. He becomes enamoured of the beautiful damsel Balachandrika, who is facing unwelcome advances from a certain Daruvarma. Pushpodbhava spreads a report that Balachandrika is possessed by a
676:, while fantastic, has realism that is not present in contemporary prestigious works, and involves thieves, prostitutes and other less exalted members of society. Dandin may have borrowed major themes from the
595:
originally formed a single massive prose work that was broken up at a relatively early age in its transmission; another view is that the two represent separate stages in the life and work of the same author.
247:), Rajavahana returns to earth, only to find that his friends have all scattered away. Eventually, the young men will meet again and relate their adventures, which will form the body of the present work.
281:. He accompanies Balachandrika to Daruvarma's apartment disguised as her female attendant, kills him when he tries to sport with her, and blames the death on the Yaksha. He then marries Balachandrika.
59:(दण्डी), believed to have flourished in the seventh to eighth centuries CE. However, there is some obscurity surrounding its textual tradition, the identity of the author and the date of composition.
482:, and according to Yigal Bronner, 'there is now a wide consensus that a single Daṇḍin in authored all these works at the Pallava court in Kāñcī around the end of the seventh century'.
870:
672:, linking the settings and drawing parallels 6th-century disorder of India to the disorder of Spain in the late mediaeval period. It has also been noted that the
353:
carried away and later restored to life by Arthapala (who knows anti-poison charms). Later Arthapala overthrows Simhaghosha and marries the princess Manikarnika.
243:(the netherworld), and the two disappear into the earth through a chasm. After the scheme is accomplished (and the Brahmana marries the daughter of the King of
524:(सेतुबंध) composed in the 5th century, he is led to 6th-8th century as the most probable time of composition. (This remains in some tension with the fact that
489:(presumably distinct from a prose writer) is also mentioned in sundry ancient Indian texts, he is led to conjecture the existence of at least three distinct
497:(literally, a staff-bearer) is also a common adjective for ascetics or religious mendicants, Wilson doubted whether it was the author's proper name at all.
441:
After the narratives have ended, a messenger arrives from the old King Rajahamsa (father of Prince Rajavahana). The King had been very mournful when the
485:
In the early twentieth century, Agashe doubted this attribution on the grounds that the two works differ very widely in style and tone. Since a poet
1274:
1264:
648:, which is the period that the work is conventionally dated to. Spink argues that the work has an essentially historical core, almost readable as a
445:
had scattered away, but was comforted by a seer who assured him that they would return after sixteen years. This interval has now come to pass. The
563:
this is in prose, but is even more fragmentarily preserved: the two surviving manuscripts break off early in the text. A later Sanskrit poem, the
587:
Several eminent scholars now believe on stylistic and other grounds that, as suggested by the verse summary and its Telugu translation, both the
528:
is not referred to by any other text until the 10th century. There is also a conflicting tradition, generally considered unreliable, which makes
1259:
1254:
1211:
1186:
1161:
1136:
1076:
1051:
1092:
DeCaroli, Robert (1995). "An Analysis of Daṇḍin's Daśakumāracarita and Its Implications for Both the Vākāṭaka and Pallava Courts".
438:
Later Vishruta restores the kingdom of Vidarbha to King Bhaskarvarman by leading an expedition against the usurper Vasantabhanu.
1269:
1228:
405:
579:
originally related is unclear. Although many have argued that the two must have been composed by different people, the
783:(with Various Readings, A Literal English Translation, Explanatory and Critical Notes, and an Exhaustive Introduction)
641:
513:
449:
return with an army to Ujjain, and succeed in defeating King Manasara. Various kingdoms are distributed to the
958:, ed. by Sūranād Kunjan Pillai, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, 172 (Trivandrum: University of Travancore, 1954);
743:
Hindoo Tales: Or, the Adventures of Ten Princes; Freely Translated from the Sanscrit of the Dasakumaracharitam
294:
believe that the wedding ceremony is a delusion. The couple retires into a private chamber for amorous sport.
220:. The men are schooled in several disciplines such as law, grammar, astrology, music, medicine and warfare.
1279:
229:
1177:
Gray, J. E. B. (1992). "The Daśakumāracarita as Picaresque". In Shackle, C.; Snell, Richard (eds.).
82:
1109:
1024:
989:
925:
621:
521:
1207:
1182:
1157:
1132:
1072:
1047:
877:
Dashkumarcharitam by Dandi, 1822, Sharadakridan Press, Mumbai. English translation by M R Kale
86:
1101:
1016:
981:
917:
645:
605:
548:
469:
56:
740:
876:
1007:
Bronner, Yigal (2012). "A Question of Priority: Revisiting the Bhamaha-Daṇḍin Debate".
972:
Bronner, Yigal (2012). "A Question of Priority: Revisiting the Bhamaha-Daṇḍin Debate".
908:
Bronner, Yigal (2012). "A Question of Priority: Revisiting the Bhamaha-Daṇḍin Debate".
1248:
1028:
993:
929:
653:
649:
640:, interpreting it as an extended metaphoric telling of the 5th-century fall of the
637:
17:
962:, ed. by G. Harihara Sastri (Madras: Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute, 1957).
765:
682:. It has been said to focus on "how people are, rather than how they should be".
427:. The boy is restored to his rightful throne, and Vishruta marries the princess.
698:
678:
583:
too is 'unmistakably ascribed to Daṇḍin by its colophons and by later sources'.
474:
192:
508:
had been written by the same person. On the basis of textual evidence from the
335:
Next, Upaharavarman relates his adventures. He had returned to his own country
1020:
985:
921:
669:
48:
273:
151:
The ten Kumaras are named in the first chapter of the prologue as follows:
624:, Gupta and Pankaj. A more extensive bibliography may be found in Onians.
865:
533:
479:
384:
349:
78:
52:
849:
400:(निरोष्ठ्य, i.e., without labial consonants). One night he sees that a
236:
212:
204:
1113:
609:
410:
401:
379:
336:
324:
290:
278:
251:
240:
1105:
500:
On the other hand, in the mid twentieth century Kale accepted that
306:
In Chapter I, the text begins in the middle of Rajavahana's story.
468:. The author is traditionally regarded as the poet and grammarian
424:
375:
371:
244:
208:
396:
Mantragupta relates his adventures, in a speech which is entire
40:
807:(translation into English with facing Romanized Sanskrit text)
289:
Rajavahana relates his adventures. He had gone to the town of
954:, ed. by S. K. Ramanatha Sastri (Madras: Dixon Press, 1924);
512:, he opines that the author must have lived earlier than the
404:(sorcerer) is about to sacrifice the princess Kanakalekha of
254:, where he meets Somadatta. The latter begins his narrative.
464:
There has been extensive debate about the authorship of the
1229:"Seventh-century Indian life in Dandin's Dasakumaracharita"
370:
Mitragupta relates his adventures. He had travelled to the
135:
several disparate versions for these parts in existence.
713:
The Dasakumaracharita of Dandin: with three commentaries
705:. London: Society for the Publication of Oriental Texts.
616:
Critical commentaries on the text have been written by,
559:(The Story of the Beautiful Lady from Avanti). Like the
453:, which they govern with justice and happiness to all.
430:
The text breaks off in the middle of Vishruta's story.
516:, i.e., before the 11th century. Moreover, since the
1046:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 462–465.
701:
The Dasa kumara carita: or Adventures of ten princes
232:(world conquest). Prince Rajavahana comes across a
207:is defeated in a war by the rival King Manasara of
1154:Living Banaras: Hindu Religion in Cultural Context
348:Arthapala narrates his adventures. He had gone to
228:The men are dispatched together by the King for a
126:(उत्तरपीठिका, Epilogue), without any subdivisions.
62:It describes the adventures of ten young men, the
755:Dacakumaracaritam; die Abenteuer der zehn Prinzen
108:(पूर्वपीठिका, Prologue) divided into 5 chapters (
239:. The latter lures him into a scheme to conquer
191:The first two chapters of the prologue form the
1179:The Indian Narrative: Perspectives and Patterns
952:Avantisundarī kathā and Avantisundarī kathāsāra
793:Tales of the Ten Princes (Dasa Kumara Charitam)
768:Dandin's Dasha-kumara-charita: The ten princes
861:Hindoo Tales or the Adventures of Ten Princes
827:. Delhi: Meharchand Lachhmandas Publications.
636:has been used to examine the creation of the
8:
1181:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 61–80.
894:
892:
374:country, where, by the grace of the goddess
785:(4th ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
710:N.B. Godabole and K. P. Parab, ed. (1906).
1152:"The Goddess of the Vindhyas in Banaras".
850:The Jacob translation at Project Gutenberg
668:has been compared to the Spanish genre of
130:Some text at the beginning and the end of
1227:Choudhury, Chandrahas (17 October 2005).
1156:. SUNY press. January 1993. p. 203.
824:Society and culture in the time of Dandin
272:acquires vast wealth by applying magical
216:skirmish). These altogether make the ten
1094:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1044:History of Classical Sanskrit Literature
888:
323:Apaharavarman travelled to the city of
1067:Datta, Amaresh (1988). "Ghanashyama".
644:, and a comparison to the 7th-century
457:Authorship and relationship with the
51:: दशकुमारचरित) is a prose romance in
7:
340:kingdom is restored to his father.
1204:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
1069:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
835:Dasakumaracarita: a cultural study
809:. New York: Clay Sanskrit Library.
797:. New Delhi: Penguin Books, India.
25:
1129:Ajanta: The end of the Golden Age
747:. London : Strahan & Co.
1202:Datta, Amaresh (1988). "Gadya".
1009:The Journal of Indian Philosophy
974:The Journal of Indian Philosophy
910:The Journal of Indian Philosophy
854:
119:proper, divided into 8 chapters;
1275:7th-century Sanskrit literature
1265:8th-century Sanskrit literature
781:The Dasakumaracarita of Dandin
716:. Bombay: Nirnaya Sagara Press.
956:Avantisundarī of Ācārya Daṇḍin
773:. University of Chicago Press.
724:The Dasakumaracarita of Dandin
211:, and thence retires into the
37:The narrative of ten young men
1:
1206:. Vol. 2. p. 1339.
1071:. Vol. 2. p. 1386.
1042:Srinivasachariar, M. (1974).
752:Mayer, Johann Jakob (1902).
604:The first translation, into
1131:. BRILL. pp. 119–162.
864:public domain audiobook at
547:Another work attributed to
520:refers to the Prakrit poem
167:Upahāravarmana (उपहारवर्मन)
164:Apahāravarmana (अपहारवर्मन)
73:The seventh chapter of the
1296:
795:(translation into English)
770:(translation into English)
1127:Spink, Walter M. (2005).
1021:10.1007/s10781-011-9128-x
986:10.1007/s10781-011-9128-x
922:10.1007/s10781-011-9128-x
802:Onians, Isabelle (2005).
757:(translation into German)
727:. Bombay Sanskrit Series.
600:Editions and commentaries
478:, a manual on poetry and
161:Pushpōdbhava (पुष्पोद्भव)
1260:8th-century Indian books
1255:7th-century Indian books
514:Muslim invasion of India
179:Mantragupta (मंत्रगुप्त)
960:Avantisundarī kathāsāra
873:(In Romanized Sanskrit)
790:Haksar, A.N.D. (1995).
759:. Leipzig Lotus-verlag.
176:Mitragupta (मित्रगुप्त)
77:contains a specimen of
832:Pankaj, N. Q. (2002).
805:What Ten Young Men Did
721:Agashe, G. J. (1919).
697:Wilson, H. H. (1846).
660:Criticism and analysis
597:
565:Avantisundarīkathāsāra
540:Relationship with the
250:Rajavahana travels to
27:Sanskrit prose romance
871:Daśakumāracarita text
739:Jacob, P. W. (1873).
585:
97:Most extant texts of
79:lipogrammatic writing
821:Gupta, D.K. (1972).
764:Ryder, A.W. (1927).
571:. Precisely how the
155:Rājavāhana (राजवाहन)
1270:Constrained writing
778:Kale, M.R. (1966).
628:Historical research
182:Vishruta (विश्रुत).
170:Arthapāla (अर्थपाल)
158:Sōmadatta (सोमदत्त)
83:constrained writing
674:Dashakumaracharita
666:Dashakumaracharita
634:Dashakumaracharita
608:, was produced by
573:Dashakumaracharita
569:Dashakumaracharita
561:Dashakumaracharita
557:Avantisundarīkathā
532:a contemporary of
526:Dashakumaracharita
510:Dashakumaracharita
506:Dashakumaracharita
466:Dashakumaracharita
300:Dashakumaracharita
203:King Rajahamsa of
141:Dashakumaracharita
132:Dashakumaracharita
117:Dashakumaracharita
99:Dashakumaracharita
75:Dashakumaracharita
68:Dashakumaracharita
45:Daśa-kumāra-Carita
32:Dashakumaracharita
18:Avantisundarīkathā
838:. Kala Prakashan.
472:who composed the
101:are composed of
87:labial consonants
16:(Redirected from
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173:Pramati (प्रमति)
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193:frame story
147:The Kumaras
1249:Categories
1234:2014-03-23
883:References
670:picaresque
618:inter alia
522:Setubandha
398:niroshthya
49:Devanagari
1029:171069782
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930:171069782
493:s. Since
274:collyrium
230:Digvijaya
866:LibriVox
815:Analysis
591:and the
575:and the
534:Kalidasa
480:rhetoric
434:Epilogue
385:Rakshasa
237:Brahmana
187:Prologue
143:proper.
110:Ucchvāsa
93:The text
53:Sanskrit
551:is the
451:Kumaras
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380:Yavanas
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402:Siddha
337:Videha
325:Champa
302:proper
291:Avanti
279:Yaksha
252:Ujjain
245:Asuras
241:Patala
57:Dandin
1110:JSTOR
1025:S2CID
990:S2CID
926:S2CID
425:Durga
376:Durga
372:Suhma
350:Kashi
209:Malwa
1208:ISBN
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