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979:. Prior to the arrival of d'Iberville, Newfoundland's French Governor de Brouillon ordered a French naval squadron under Chevalier Nesmond to lay siege to St. John's in retaliation for earlier English attacks. In 1694, Nesmond set sail from Plaisance to lay siege to St. John's. This siege was unsuccessful. Two years later, however, the French made a second attempt. On September 12, 1696, Quebec's Governor Frontenac sent Pierre Le Moyne Sieur d'Iberville to Newfoundland. The previous August, d'Iberville had just been victorious in the
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a result of the campaign, the
English government created permanent defences for Newfoundland. Previously the English had not built permanent fortifications or garrisons in Newfoundland as it was regarded as a seasonal fishing base. However, d'Iberville's devastating campaign had demonstrated the threat to the poorly defended colony. The following year, construction began on professionally engineered fortifications at
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1068:. For three days the French laid siege to Fort William. On November 30, the English commander, Governor Miners, surrendered on condition that the English be allowed to leave St. John's. 230 men, women and children were sent off in a ship and duly arrived in Dartmouth, England. However a further 80 refugees were drowned when their ship foundered off the coast of Spain.
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However, the
English were able to recapture their Newfoundland territory in summer of 1697 with a strong relief force of 1500 troops. They found St. John's and all the English harbours on the Avalon abandoned, pillaged and every building destroyed. The English slowly began to rebuild and resettle. As
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The
Newfoundland campaign involved a novel strategy: both a land and sea assault of the villages. D'Iberville attacked by land while Sieur de Brouillan attacked by sea. D'Iberville's strategy of attacking the settlement by land was the first recorded in Newfoundland and, as a result, the port
1041:. On November 26, d'Iberville charged and the enemy surrendered immediately. D'Iberville and his men were in command of the small port just eight kilometres south of St. John's. However, some colonists from Petty Harbour escaped to St. John's, where they alerted its residents.
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led a force of
Canadians, Acadians, Mi'kmaq, and Abenakis in the Avalon Peninsula campaign. They destroyed almost every English settlement in Newfoundland, over 100 English were killed, many times that number captured, and almost 500 deported to England or France.
1075:(December 2), and Portugal Cove (December 5 and January 13). Internal struggles between de Brouillan and d'Iberville over the spoils of war followed. On December 25 de Brouillan left for Plaisance. The French burnt 80 shallops in the harbour (January 2).
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villages were only prepared for an assault by sea. D'Iberville left
Placentia on All Saints' Day (November 1) with his detachment of 124 men; soldiers, Acadians, and Indians. It was an 80 kilometres (50 mi), nine-day march across the Avalon Peninsula.
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On
November 24, after a three-hour march from Bay Bulls, d'Iberville met up with his group of 20 scouts who had been sent to study the approaches to St. John's. Two days later, he encountered a detachment of 30 English soldiers posted on a hilltop near
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D'Iberville then headed to Heart's
Content before walking in a small group across the Avalon Peninsula isthmus. He arrived March 4 at Plaisance. D'Iberville then picked up his spoils of war, his scattered troops and approximately 200 prisoners at
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The census indicate there was about an eighty percent turnover in the family names of settlers on a census from c. 1680 to 1713. By Father
Baudion's account, the French killed between 104 and 200 individuals—approximately 8% of the
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D'Iberville never returned to
Newfoundland. These raids devastated the English settlements of Newfoundland. Every English settlement in Newfoundland had been destroyed and the English colony had been depopulated, except for
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and successfully fended off the French and Indian attack on
January 31. D'Iberville had only 70 men, the rest were dispersed in local skirmishes, holding villages and prisoners. Leaving Carbonear d'Iberville then attacked
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1161:, which D'Iberville did not reach and the island holdout at Carbonear. Estimates of eighty percent of the families were killed, deserted the village, were taken prisoner or were deported.
1206:
James Pritchard. "‘Le Profit et La Gloire’: The French Navy’s Alliance With Private Enterprise in the Defense of Newfoundland, 1691-1697," Newfoundland Studies XV: 2 (Fall 1999): 161-175.
1268:
Reid, John G. "1686-1720 Imperial Intrusions" In Phillip Buckner and John Reid (eds.) The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1994. p. 84
1132:(February 9). In many cases the local fishermen had fled to Carbonear. There was an unsuccessful attempt at a prisoner exchange (February 18). Frustrated, d'Iberville then sacked
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As d'Iberville approached St. John's, the English settlers scattered. Many sailed away, others escaped to the forests. A number of settlers and soldiers took refuge in
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Alan F. Williams, Father Baudoin's War: D'Iberville's Campaigns in Acadia and Newfoundland 1696, 1697, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1987.
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Alan F. Williams, Father Baudoin's War: D'Iberville's Campaigns in Acadia and Newfoundland 1696, 1697, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1987
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1140:(February 11). Carbonear Island continued to hold out but d'Iberville torched their evacuated settlement on February 28 before leaving.
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1061:(November 28). Of the 88 English defenders, 34 died in the battle. The English broke ranks and hastily retreated to St. John's.
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On November 9, Sieur de Brouillan began the Siege of Ferryland. D'Iberville arrived on November 10, and the troops sacked
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on November 10, 1696, and continued along the coast until they raided the village of
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100 English killed, many times that number captured, and almost 500 deported
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D'Iberville continued his battles with the English, with the
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in the span of three months. The campaign began with raiding
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1690s French campaign against English settlements in Canada
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On January 24, 1697, two hundred permanent residents of
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The villages on Conception Bay were the next targets.
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from Petty Harbour, English residents marched out the
1071:After destroying St. John's, the French marched on
1028:on November 24, including a 100-ton merchant ship.
1351:History of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
1238:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
29:
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1240:. University of Toronto Press. p. 84.
1236:. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.).
1311:D'Iberville's Raid on Newfoundland - 1696
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1186:Military history of the Mi’kmaq Warriors
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189:Louis-Simon le Poupet de la Boularderie
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348:New England, Acadia and Newfoundland
204:, and Abenaki Indians, several ships
1087:(January 19) was first followed by
1406:1697 in the French colonial empire
1401:1696 in the French colonial empire
1301:King William's War in Newfoundland
61:November 10, 1696 - April 19, 1697
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1346:Military history of Newfoundland
1234:"1686–1720: Imperial Intrusions"
962:, d'Iberville along with Father
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843:Military history of the Acadians
833:Nova Scotia Captivity Narratives
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1336:Military history of New England
1331:Military history of Nova Scotia
848:Military history of Nova Scotia
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1016:was captured on November 12.
642:Naval battle off Tatamagouche
1306:Diary of Father Jean Baudoin
1049:As d'Iberville marched into
933:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
818:Treaty of Portsmouth (1713)
594:Blockade of Annapolis Royal
181:Jacques Testard de Montigny
167:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
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1386:1696 in the British Empire
1341:Military history of Canada
1326:Military history of Acadia
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454:Military history of the
652:Battle at Port-la-Joye
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1079:Raid on Conception Bay
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623:Siege of Port Toulouse
484:Battle of Port La Tour
161:Commanders and leaders
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1376:1696 in North America
1032:Raid on Petty Harbour
786:Battle of Restigouche
746:Battle of Petitcodiac
554:Battle of St. John's
212:Casualties and losses
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574:Raid on Port Roseway
494:Raid on Salmon Falls
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1045:Siege of St. John's
1008:Raid on Cape Broyle
828:Treaty of Watertown
766:Siege of Louisbourg
702:Battle at Chignecto
662:Battle of Grand Pré
632:Siege of Louisbourg
584:Battle of Winnepang
564:Siege of Port Royal
544:Siege of St. John's
311:Quebec and New York
1416:1697 in New France
1411:1696 in New France
1356:King William's War
1136:(February 11) and
996:Siege of Ferryland
971:Historical context
925:King William's War
880:History portal
776:Lunenburg Campaign
722:Attack at Mocodome
682:Siege of Grand Pre
672:Raid on Dartmouth
37:King William's War
1396:Conflicts in 1697
1361:Conflicts in 1696
1247:978-1-4875-1676-5
1197:Secondary Sources
1091:(January 20) and
1024:He then captured
1020:Raid on Bay Bulls
981:Siege of Pemaquid
960:Siege of Pemaquid
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1089:Harbour Main
1082:
1070:
1066:Fort William
1063:
1048:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
990:
987:The campaign
974:
964:Jean Baudoin
957:
945:Newfoundland
920:
918:
434:Newfoundland
433:
419:2nd Pemaquid
414:2nd St. John
404:Oyster River
384:1st St. John
364:Salmon Falls
359:1st Pemaquid
300:York Factory
172:Jean Baudoin
100:
95:Belligerents
76:Newfoundland
70:present-day
1278:population.
1014:Cape Broyle
322:Schenectady
177:Nescambious
1320:Categories
1192:References
1146:Bay Boulle
1051:St. John's
958:After the
929:New France
379:Chedabucto
369:Port Royal
332:La Prairie
279:Hudson Bay
127:New France
1159:Bonavista
1152:Aftermath
1105:Carbonear
1026:Bay Bulls
1002:Ferryland
977:Plaisance
949:Ferryland
931:, led by
439:Haverhill
424:Chignecto
399:Placentia
156:colonists
1232:(1994).
1180:See also
1085:Holyrood
1059:Kilbride
374:Falmouth
195:Strength
66:Location
35:Part of
518:1696–97
456:Mi'kmaq
317:Lachine
217:Unknown
202:marines
170:Father
154:English
132:Abenaki
1254:
1244:
1134:Brigus
1073:Torbay
474:Events
409:Groton
342:Wilton
327:Quebec
175:Chief
124:
111:France
108:
83:Result
1252:JSTOR
809:Other
394:Wells
354:Dover
1242:ISBN
1128:and
919:The
800:1761
790:1760
780:1758
770:1758
760:1757
750:1755
739:1755
727:1753
716:1751
706:1750
696:1750
686:1749
676:1749
666:1747
656:1746
646:1745
636:1745
626:1745
618:1744
608:1744
598:1722
588:1722
578:1715
568:1710
558:1709
548:1705
538:1704
528:1703
508:1696
498:1690
488:1677
389:York
200:124
58:Date
1322::
1250:.
1176:.
1169:.
955:.
943:,
74:,
1258:.
908:e
901:t
894:v
265::
252:e
245:t
238:v
20:)
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