345:
that more than 1,800 were killed in the course of the massacres and 12,000 were forced to convert. The international uproar against the events in Plav-Gusinje forced the
Montenegrin government to open an investigation about them. The commission which investigated crimes in Plav, Gusinje and parts of the Sandzak was headed by Mato Katurić and Andrija Rađenović. In June 1913, the commission published its report which concluded that Muslims in the region were violently converted. Some top-level officers - including Hajro Basić - were indicted with the exception of Avro Cemović. Those convicted only remained in prison for a very brief period. Avro Cemović was removed from his position on April and replaced by brigadier Mašan Božović.
328:. Soon, a forced conversion campaign of Albanians (Muslims and Catholic) and also Slavic Muslims to Serbian Orthodoxy began by the Montenegrin state. The conversion campaign was implemented since January and intensified in March under when Brigadier Avro Cemović became head of the military administration of Plav-Gusinje. On March 23, Cemović in a report noted that until then about 3,000 Muslims had been converted. The total number of the forced conversions by the end of the campaign may have reached more than 10,000 people without including figures from villages north of Plav and those of refugees. Mulla Šaban Musić (Shaban Musiqi/Musaj) in order to help the locals to convert without renouncing their true beliefs, issued a
545:Авро Цемовић, обилазећи с војском рожајску нахију ради разоружавања, мушкета у је пет људи у пет села, за то како каже, што су били непокорни властима. Такође је наредио, те су објесили Усеина Шкријела, убицу покојног кајмекана Поповића. Попалио је куће неких бегова, Алидрагића, а покретно имање т. ј. стоку (стотину говеди и двјеста оваца) одузео је и предао обласној управи . За паљевину кућа , фабрика и млина Алидрагића прекорио сам га , ма да је у неколико имао разлога , јер су они оставили били чивчије, да им имање пазе, а они отишли у Митровицу, као да им је онамо бајаги слободније. Са мушкетавањем наредио сам да престане, него кривце да предаје суду, а само да војском гони и може убити оне, који се не даду хватати
81:
170:
clan. Cemović was leader of Serb rebels against
Ottomans in the region of Berane. Because of his anti-Ottoman activities Cemović was persecuted by the Ottomans who did not allow him and several other rebel leaders to return to Berane after two years spent as refugee in Montenegro. In October 1912 he
344:
by
February 1913. The first death sentence by the extraordinary military court was carried out on March 5 in Racina, Plav. It involved some of the most prominent citizens of the town of Plav. In Plav, a total of about 500 who refused to convert were executed. Modern Bosniak organizations maintain
311:
Popović. Cemović also put houses, factories and mill of
Alidragić beys to fire and captured their 100 cattle and 200 sheep and handed them to regional command. The superior command condemned Cemović for burning of the property of Alidragić and ordered him not to shoot captured enemies but to hand
254:
and
Ottoman authorities refused to allow their return to their homes during next two years. When after two years of Montenegrin-Ottoman negotiations the Ottomans agreed to allow about 1,000 Serb refugees to return to their homes in region of Berane, but not to 83 people, including Cemović who was
244:
At the beginning of 1909 the
Ottoman authorities in Berane tried to disarm local Serb population which was subjected to systematic persecution by the Ottomans. Cemović and some other local Serb leaders met with kaymakam of Berane several times to negotiate about the order and respecting rights of
368:
The relation between Cemović and king
Nicholas deteriorated to the level that they exchanged direct offenses and threats. According to one anecdote, Cemović said to king Nicholas that he should be grateful because it was he and his father Panto who captured the half of Montenegro for Nicholas to
348:
Božović in his report to general Janko Vukotić noted that the people of Plav and
Gusinje only converted under the threat of a violent campaign of executions and harassment. The stance of Austria-Hungary forced the Montenegrin king to proclaim freedom of religion for all subjects in Plav-Gusinje.
335:
Avro Cemović established the extraordinary military court of the region under Vukota
Pantović. The order for its establishment was given by the Minister of War of Montenegro, Dušan Vuković. Its three members were Montenegrin military commanders, Vuksan Dragović and Milan Vešović, and Hajro
369:
govern and enjoy. Cemović also proposed to
Nicholas not to continue the argue because if they began with divisions, the country of Cemović would be bigger than country of Nicholas for at least one čepenak (archaic dimension measure equal to distance between thumb and index finger).
324:) with a total force of 3,200 were tasked with capturing the Plav-Gusinje region. It was first under the command of Rаdomir Vešović and in the beginning of the war passed under the command of Avro Cemović who was promoted to brigadier-general by King
349:
After freedom of religion was proclaimed again on May 5, all the newly converted, returned to their previous religion. Estimates of those who remained Orthodox vary from one person to two or three families in Plav. The President of
698:„Господару, ја сам ти са мојим оцем и ђедом освојио по' земље, па ти је дао да ш' њом управљаш и на њу живиш! Немој, господару, да се свађамо, јер ако се станемо дијелити виша ће моја држава од твоје бити, макар један чеперак!"
481:Споразум је најзад постигнут: турске власти су дозволиле да се избеглице врате сем осамдесет тројице, међу којима се налазио Авро Цемовић, најистакнутији доњовасојевићки првак кога су турске власти највише окривљавале.
249:
monastery the Ottoman soldiers attacked and killed two Serbs and caused the conflict and subsequent retaliation campaign of the Ottoman authorities. The local Serbs, including Cemović, took refugee in the
228:
Avram Cemović was son of notable Panto Cemović. According to pro-Chetnik sources, daughter of Avram Cemović was Draga, mother of Chetnik officer Radomir Popović who was chief of staff of Chetnik HQ of
432:, p. 281):"Najzad, M. Cemović tvrdi da je Pavla Đurišića posljednji put vidio u Staroj Gradiški 25. travnja 1945., odakle su ga ustaše odveli s većom grupom četničkih oficira za Jasenovac."
496:, p. 143):"Под присмотру црногорских пограничних власти били су стављени и неки прваци из Доњих Васојевића, а међу њима и Авро Цемовић, најутицајнији и најугледнији човјек тога краја"
953:
843:
Staatsbürger aus Widerruf: Juden und Muslime als Alteritätspartner im rumänischen und serbischen Nationscode : ethnonationale Staatsbürgerschaftskonzepte 1878-1941
258:
The Montenegrin border authorities put Cemović under surveillance because he was most influential and most reputable person from Lower Vasojevići region.
270:
under leadership of Cemović rebelled against the Ottomans and attacked several units on Montenegrin-Ottoman border. The Ottoman soldiers supported by
801:
813:"Pismo gusinjskog kadije Šabana (Musića) – Murtezi Karađuzoviću, muftiji crnogorskih muslimana, povodom masovnog pokrštavanja 1913. godine"
232:. Another member of Cemović family was the last person who saw Đurišić alive in Stara Gradiška on 25 April 1945 from where he was taken to
826:"ORGANIZACIJA I FUNKCIONISANJE VLASTI U CRNOJ GORI (1912–1914) [ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT FUNCTION OF MONTENEGRO (1912-1914)]"
872:
246:
341:
203:
737:
528:, p. 190):" Од 3.200 васојевићких добровољоца формирана је Беранска бригада, за чијег је команданта постављен Авро Цемовић"
307:) shot five people in five villages for refusing to surrender to new authorities and had Usein Škrijel hanged for murder of the
303:
According to some contemporary reports, Cemović and his forces during cleansing and disarming operation of the Rožaje region (
851:
904:
948:
360:
in 2013 when he declared that "the crimes performed in Plav and Gusinje are the dark side of the Montenegrin history".
217:
in 2013 when he declared that "the crimes performed in Plav and Gusinje are the dark side of the Montenegrin history".
166:
Cemović was born in 1864 in a notable Cemović family. His father was Panto Cemov Delević, one of the leaders of the
291:
On 8 October 1912 Cemović was promoted to the rank of brigadier. On 16 October 1912 the Montenegrin army captured
681:
325:
196:
356:
made one of the first direct acknowledgments of the events by a Montenegrin politician during a ceremony in
213:
made one of the first direct acknowledgments of the events by a Montenegrin politician during a ceremony in
943:
229:
825:
251:
86:
245:
local Serbs, but without success. In August 1909 during traditional gathering of Serbs in front of the
938:
933:
312:
them over to the court and to continue to chase and to shoot only to those who refuse to surrender.
199:. According to some sources he was pretender to Montenegrin throne so King Nikola had him murdered.
388:, p. 145):"Бригадир Авро Цемовић (1864-1914) Бригадир Аврам-Авро Цемовић, рођен је на Бучу."
353:
210:
320:
In the First Balkan War, the six battalions of Lower Vasojevići which formed a single brigade (
891:
868:
862:
847:
841:
797:
780:
295:
from the Ottomans and established Berane brigade with 3,200 volunteers commanded by Cemović.
304:
188:
176:
160:
129:
206:
have been the subject of heavy criticism of Montenegrin politics in WWI. The President of
159:
in the Lower Vasojevići region and military officer in the Army of Montenegro during the
883:
717:
Bune u Vasojevićima: Vasojevići - život, običaji, bune i ratovi - dokumenta i komentari
233:
183:. After initial engagement of Cemović and his brigade in actions during the capture of
156:
54:
927:
195:
captured from Ottomans by Montenegrin army. In 1914 Cemović entered in conflict with
167:
152:
791:
769:
758:
726:
715:
538:
506:
474:
458:
442:
413:
884:"VАSOJEVIĆI PREMА PLАVU I GUSINJU [Vasojevići against Plav and Gusinje]"
476:
Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1. Od Berlinskog kongresa do ujedinjenja 1878-1918
460:
Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1. Od Berlinskog kongresa do ujedinjenja 1878-1918
444:
Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1. Od Berlinskog kongresa do ujedinjenja 1878-1918
179:. He was appointed commander of the Berane brigade and promoted to the rank of
895:
350:
271:
207:
58:
180:
184:
513:Унапријеђен је у чин бригадира Авро Цемовић са рангом од 8. октобра 1912.
308:
275:
192:
357:
340:. The total number of those forced to convert reached 12,000 and 800
292:
267:
214:
172:
50:
905:"Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People"
812:
171:
commanded Serb rebel detachments of Lower Vasojevići that captured
342:
who refused to do so were executed in the town of Plav and Gusinje
337:
329:
255:
accused by Ottomans to be the most responsible for the conflict.
720:. Odbor Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti za proučavanje sela.
204:
forced conversions and mass killings in Plav-Gusinje in 1912-13
155:
who is best known as one of the commanders of rebels against
151:(1864–1914) was a member of notable Serb family Cemović from
738:"Montenegro's Muslims Stage Mass Prayer to Mark 'Genocide'"
278:
launched another terror campaign against the local Serbs.
628:
626:
396:
394:
274:
units from Plav, Gusinje and Albanian volunteers from
111:( — 1912) commander of Vasojević volunteer detachment
415:Гласник Српског историјско-културног друштва "Његош"
187:
from Ottomans he was appointed as governor of towns
120:
105:
93:
73:
65:
43:
35:
25:
18:
771:Србија и Црна Гора у балканским ратовима 1912-1913
725:Andrijašević, Živko M.; Stanojević, Zoran (2003).
332:which absolved those who converted from any sins.
644:
479:. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. 1983. p. 289.
763:. Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore u Titogradu.
557:
463:. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. 1983. p. 289.
760:Politički odnosi Crne Gore i Srbije, 1903-1918
8:
114:(1912 — ) commander of the Vasojević brigade
903:Poláčková, Zuzana; Van Duin, Peter (2013).
613:
611:
609:
607:
954:People from the Principality of Montenegro
667:
598:
586:
582:
580:
578:
316:Forced conversion campaign in Plav-Gusinje
15:
656:
493:
385:
617:
569:
525:
429:
266:In August 1912 the Serbs from region of
779:Mušović, Ejup; Vlahović, Petar (1985).
400:
377:
774:. Београдски издавачко-графички завод.
632:
682:"Страх Црногораца од подвига предака"
336:Basić/Bashiqi who was a local Muslim
7:
728:Pokrštavanje muslimana 1913. godine
736:Milosević, Milena (6 March 2013).
447:. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. 1983.
14:
79:
793:Zašto Jasenovac nije oslobođen
714:Guberinić, Radomir P. (1996).
1:
864:Yearbook of Muslims in Europe
645:Poláčková & Van Duin 2013
29:
846:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
824:Šarkinović, Hamdija (2013).
768:Ratković, Borislav (1972).
558:Mušović & Vlahović 1985
543:. Обод. 1935. p. 169.
418:. Његош. 1975. p. 139.
970:
882:Premović, Marijan (2013).
782:Tutin and its surroundings
757:Rakočević, Novica (1981).
322:Gornjovаsojevićkа brigаdа
202:His role in the events of
99:8 October 1912 - Brigadier
790:Komarica, Slavko (2008).
364:Conflict with king Nikola
175:from Ottomans during the
861:Pacariz, Sabina (2014).
840:Müller, Dietmar (2005).
811:Rastoder, Šerbo (2017).
326:Nicholas I of Montenegro
912:Studia Politica Slovaca
867:. BRILL. p. 437.
126:Berane uprising (1912)
511:. 1967. p. 120.
252:Kingdom of Montenegro
949:Serbs of Montenegro
803:978-953-6300-43-3
299:Capture of Rožaje
287:Capture of Berane
240:In Ottoman Berane
142:
141:
134:Battle for Berane
961:
919:
909:
899:
878:
857:
836:
830:
820:
807:
786:
775:
764:
753:
751:
749:
744:. Balkan Insight
732:
721:
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677:
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282:First Balkan War
177:First Balkan War
161:First Balkan War
130:First Balkan War
89:
85:
83:
82:
16:
969:
968:
964:
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724:
713:
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691:
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680:Ђурић, Новица.
679:
678:
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668:Šarkinović 2013
666:
662:
655:
651:
643:
639:
631:
624:
616:
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599:Šarkinović 2013
597:
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587:Šarkinović 2013
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366:
354:Filip Vujanović
318:
301:
289:
284:
264:
262:Berane uprising
247:Đurđevi Stupovi
242:
226:
220:
211:Filip Vujanović
80:
78:
77:
48:
31:
21:
12:
11:
5:
967:
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742:Balkan Insight
733:
722:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:
672:
670:, p. 457.
660:
657:Milosević 2013
649:
637:
635:, p. 203.
622:
603:
601:, p. 463.
591:
574:
562:
549:
530:
517:
508:Pravni zbornik
498:
494:Rakočević 1981
485:
466:
450:
434:
421:
405:
403:, p. 437.
390:
386:Guberinić 1996
376:
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365:
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317:
314:
300:
297:
288:
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234:Jasenovac camp
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157:Ottoman Empire
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55:Ottoman Empire
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874:9789004283053
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673:
669:
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650:
647:, p. 72.
646:
641:
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629:
627:
623:
619:
618:Rastoder 2017
614:
612:
610:
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604:
600:
595:
592:
589:, p. 459
588:
583:
581:
579:
575:
572:, p. 371
571:
570:Premović 2013
566:
563:
560:, p. 64)
559:
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542:
541:
534:
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526:Ratković 1972
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430:Komarica 2008
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230:Pavle Đurišić
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145:Avram Cemović
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30:Аврам Цемовић
28:
24:
20:Avram Cemović
17:
915:
911:
887:
863:
842:
832:
816:
792:
781:
770:
759:
746:. Retrieved
741:
727:
716:
697:
690:. Retrieved
685:
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401:Pacariz 2014
380:
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265:
257:
243:
227:
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201:
165:
148:
144:
143:
121:Battles/wars
57:(modern-day
939:1914 deaths
934:1864 births
633:Müller 2005
620:, p. 8
197:King Nikola
36:Nickname(s)
26:Native name
944:Vasojevići
928:Categories
896:1088898622
853:3447052481
731:. Almanah.
688:. Politika
373:References
351:Montenegro
272:bashibozuk
208:Montenegro
168:Vasojevići
153:Vasojevići
147:nicknamed
87:Montenegro
74:Allegiance
59:Montenegro
890:. 54–56.
181:Brigadier
835:. 55–56.
819:. 75–76.
796:. Iros.
748:26 April
686:Politika
309:kaymakam
276:Metohija
106:Commands
888:Almanah
833:Almanah
817:Almanah
785:. SANU.
707:Sources
193:Gusinje
894:
871:
850:
800:
540:Записи
358:Berane
293:Berane
268:Berane
224:Family
215:Berane
185:Rožaje
173:Berane
84:
51:Berane
49:Buče,
908:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
692:6 May
338:hodja
330:fatwa
305:nahia
918:(1).
892:OCLC
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
798:ISBN
750:2020
694:2020
191:and
189:Plav
149:Avro
94:Rank
69:1914
66:Died
47:1864
44:Born
39:Avro
930::
916:VI
914:.
910:.
886:.
831:.
815:.
740:.
696:.
684:.
625:^
606:^
577:^
393:^
236:.
163:.
53:,
898:.
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856:.
806:.
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