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406:. Awolowo was responsible for much of the progressive social legislation that has made Nigeria a modern nation. In 1963, he was tried and jailed for 10 years on charges of sedition. He was pardoned by the government until 1966, after which he appointed the Minister of Finance. In recognition of all of this, Awolowo was the first individual in the modern era to be named as the leader of the Yorubas (
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618:(NNDP) under Akintola's leadership. Having previously suspended the elected Western Regional Assembly, the federal government then reconstituted the body after manoeuvres that brought Akintola's NNDP into power without an election. Shortly afterwards Awolowo and several disciples were arrested, charged, convicted (of treason), and jailed under
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In 1992, the
Obafemi Awolowo Foundation was founded as an independent, non-profit, non-partisan organisation committed to furthering the symbiotic interaction of public policy and relevant scholarship with a view to promoting the overall development of the Nigerian nation. The Foundation was launched
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As
Minister of Finance, he helped negotiate the joint venture rights of Nigeria in its new oil find, ushering in a decade of oil boom and providing the bulwark of national wealth. He also helped developed the system of national revenue sharing and fiscal allocation (FAAC), which enabled newly created
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In 1979 and 1983, he contested under the Unity Party's platform as a presidential candidate, but lost to the northern-based
National Party of Shehu Shagari. In 1979, he contested his loss in court, making a case for electoral college decision because the winning candidate couldn't have said to have
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in government. He believed that the state should channel
Nigeria's resources into education and state-led infrastructural development. Controversially, and at considerable expense, he introduced free primary education for all and free health care for children in the Western Region, established the
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as the
Western Region Premier. Disagreements between Awolowo and Akintola on how to run the Western region led the latter to an alliance with the Tafawa Balewa-led NPC federal government. A constitutional crisis led to the declaration of a state of emergency in the Western Region, eventually
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and uniting politically strong states-as the best basis for
Nigerian unity. Awolowo died peacefully at his Ikenne home, the Efunyela Hall (so named after his mother), on 9 May 1987, at the age of 78 and was laid to rest in Ikenne, amid tributes across political and ethno-religious divides.
579:, following primarily the model proposed by the Western Region delegation led by him. He was also a keen advocate of minority rights and the relocation of the Federal Capital away from Lagos, advocating for Lagos rights to be governed by the Western region of largely Yoruba stock.
677:, at the Liberty Stadium, Ibadan. However, his most important bequests (styled Awoism) are his exemplary integrity, his welfarism, his contributions to hastening the process of decolonisation and his consistent and reasoned advocacy of federalism-based on ethno-linguistic
575:(1947), the first systematic federalist manifesto by a Nigerian politician, he advocated federalism as the only basis for equitable national integration and, as head of the Action Group, he led demands for a federal constitution, which was introduced in the 1954
461:. Adefule, Awolowo's grandmother, believed that Obafemi was a reincarnation of her father (his great-grandfather). Awolowo's father's conversion to Christianity often went at odds with his family's beliefs. He often challenged worshippers of the god of smallpox,
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during which more than 1 million Igbo children died of starvation, Awolowo was quoted as saying, "All is fair in war, and starvation is one of the weapons of war. I don’t see why we should feed our enemies fat, only to fight us harder."
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1175:"Nigeria Imprisons Opposition Head for 10 Years; Chief Awolowo Found Guilty After Long Treason Trial 17 Other Prominent Figures Are Also Sentenced Police Guard City 'Tools in a Grand Design'"
442:
of
Nigeria). He was the only son of David Shopolu Awolowo, a farmer and sawyer, and Mary Efunyela Awolowo. He had two sisters and one maternal half-sister. Awolowo's father was born to a
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first television service in Africa in 1959, and the
Oduduwa Group, all of which were financed from the highly lucrative cocoa industry which was the mainstay of the regional economy.
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As premier, he proved to be and was viewed as a man of vision and a dynamic administrator. Awolowo was also the country's leading social democratic politician. He supported limited
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Excluded from national government, Awolowo and his party faced an increasingly precarious position. Akintola's followers, angered at their exclusion from power, formed the
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to pursue his degree in law. Obafemi
Awolowo was the first premier of the Western Region and later federal commissioner for finance, and vice chairman of the
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recounting his achievements in office between 1952 and 1959, provides context to his work ethic and achievements as an administrator.
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of south-western
Nigeria, Awolowo started his career, like some of his well-known contemporaries, as a nationalist in the
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From the eve of independence, he led the Action Group as the Leader of the Opposition in the federal parliament, leaving
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1042:"See The PAPA AWOLOWO'S CAR That Toured The Whole 19 States During The 1979 And 1983 Presidential Campaign. |Nig24news"
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of African Newspapers of Nigeria Ltd. After receiving his bachelors of commerce degree in Nigeria, he traveled to
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The Spirituality of the Igbo People of Nigeria as an Example of Religious Modernization in a Global World
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2011:
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457:. Awolowo's paternal grandmother, Adefule Awolowo, whom Awolowo adored, was a devout worshipper of the
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Adventures in Power Book One: My March through Prison, O. Awolowo Macmillan Nigeria Publishers, 1985.
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465:. His father ultimately died on April 8, 1920, of smallpox when Obafemi was about eleven years old.
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1991:
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523:, a private Nigerian newspaper, which he used to spread nationalist consciousness among Nigerians.
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1638:"Obafemi Awolowo: Endowed with robust planning capacity, notable integrity, ardent nationalism …"
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states that boosted minority rights to thrive and survive to this day. He is also credited with
332:; 6 March 1909 – 9 May 1987) was a Nigerian nationalist and politician who played a key role in
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1705:"Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (6)"
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1766:"Hunger as a weapon of war: Biafra, social media and the politics of famine remembrance"
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Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa South of the Sahara: A Biographical Dictionary
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2018:
1612:"IN MEMORIAM: Awo, the sage who named the naira, drew his last breath 30 years ago"
1557:"IN MEMORIAM: Awo, the sage who named the naira, drew his last breath 30 years ago"
935:"National Hero: Chief Obafemi Awolowo Full Biography, Life And Heroic Works+Quotes"
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won having not fulfilled the majority in 2/3 of states (then 19) which led to the
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for conspiring with the Ghanaian authorities to overthrow the federal government.
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In 1896, Awolowo's father became one of the first Ikenne natives to convert to
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Valedictory Speech on 3 November 1959 to the Western Region House of Assembly
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1981:
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1665:"Proto-Nationalisms as Sub-Text for the Crisis of Governance in Nigeria"
547:. Also attending was an illustrious list of participants which included
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2001:
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Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976)
706:
371:, on top of others as well. He later became founder & publisher of
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1139:"Awolowo: the Lost President and a Nation In Grief, By Toyin Falola"
458:
387:. He was thrice a major contender for the country's highest office.
1910:
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and member of the Iwarefa, the leading faction of the traditional
431:
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1914:
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Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation
744:
The Strategy & Tactics of the People's Republic of Nigeria
1120:
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749:
The Problems of Africa – The Need for Ideological Appraisal
336:(1957–1960). Awolowo founded the Yoruba nationalist group
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as an External Student and graduated with the degree of
779:
Adventures in Power – Book 1 – My March Through Prison
611:
resulting in a widespread breakdown of law and order.
3124:
Candidates in the 1983 Nigerian presidential election
3119:
Candidates in the 1979 Nigerian presidential election
3029:
Grand Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic
1072:"Federal Executive Council - Nigeria Embassy Turkey"
784:
Adventures in Power – Book 2 – Travails of Democracy
2747:
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1292:"Obafemi Awolowo | Nigerian statesman | Britannica"
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1526:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
1212:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
1101:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
990:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
913:The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News
803:The Path to Economic Freedom in Developing Country
673:by the President of Nigeria at that time, General
571:Awolowo was Nigeria's foremost federalist. In his
517:on 19 November 1946. In 1949, Awolowo founded the
1894:"Chieftaincy Title: Buhari Congratulates Adebutu"
1208:"The Generalissimo of western region's politics"
878:
876:
2821:
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1581:Case For Ideological Orientation, O. Awolowo.
1235:"Looming fiscal crisis and wisdom of Awolowo"
8:
1498:Manchester and the 1945 Pan-African Congress
1446:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set
1380:
1378:
724:Awo – Autobiography of Chief Obafemi Awolowo
701:titles, Chief Awolowo held the title of the
480:. Subsequently, he served as a clerk at the
3059:People convicted of treason against Nigeria
1161:Historical Dictionary of the British Empire
1019:Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation
2828:
2814:
2806:
1933:
1919:
1911:
1423:"LIFES AND TIMES OF CHIEF OBAFEMI AWOLOWO"
1318:, R. L. Sklar (2004), Africa World Press;
794:Selected speeches of Chief Obafemi Awolowo
470:Baptist Boys' High School (BBHS), Abeokuta
31:
1781:
1680:
1015:"AWOLOWO, Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi"
863:Ikenne Residence of Chief Obafemi Awolowo
352:, from 1952 to 1959. He was the official
3014:Alumni of University of London Worldwide
1340:. LIT Verlag Münster. 18 February 2020.
1263:, Springer-Verlag, pp. 5–22, 2005,
468:He attended various schools, including
356:leader in the federal parliament to the
85:1 October 1954 – 1 October 1960
2688:International Trade Union Confederation
1009:
1007:
872:
791:Socialism in the service of New Nigeria
658:landmark Supreme Court decision of 1979
2693:International Union of Socialist Youth
1883:, Banknote.ws. Accessed 12 March 2024.
1845:"Obafemi Awolowo | Nigerian statesman"
809:Anglo-Nigerian Military Pact Agreement
1663:Olaiya, Taiwo Akanbi (1 April 2016).
806:Blueprint for Post-War Reconstruction
734:Thoughts on the Nigerian Constitution
515:Honorable Society of the Inner Temple
484:, as well as a correspondent for the
7:
1592:Obafemi Awolowo: The Man With a Plan
426:Obafemi Awolowo, SAN, GCFR was born
402:in which he rose to become Western
367:, editing publications such as the
3004:Action Group (Nigeria) politicians
1764:Nweke, Obinna Chukwunenye (2023).
1473:. Nigerian Tribune. Archived from
1097:"Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West"
986:"Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West"
909:"Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West"
697:In addition to a variety of other
660:with Chief Justice Fatai Williams
616:Nigerian National Democratic Party
25:
3104:Obafemi Awolowo University people
2999:20th-century Nigerian politicians
1987:Internationalist–defencist schism
1881:Nigeria 100 Naira 2014 & 2019
1233:Mailafia, Obadiah (25 May 2020).
1128:. Africana Pub. Co., 1981, p. 52.
797:Philosophy of Independent Nigeria
639:introduced under his leadership.
513:and was called to the Bar by the
3149:Baptist Boys' High School alumni
3069:People of the Nigerian Civil War
2052:
1831:"The Obafemi Awolowo Foundation"
1810:www.obafemiawolowofoundation.org
1421:Akosa, Amala (31 January 2018).
1040:Olalekan, falaye (18 May 2020).
848:
834:
820:
633:naming the new national currency
476:, after which he qualified as a
428:Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo
363:As a young man he was an active
310:
306:Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo
157:Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo
103:Federal Commissioner for Finance
52:
3159:Nigerian independence activists
2024:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
1126:Writers and politics in Nigeria
531:In 1945, he attended the fifth
472:; and then became a teacher in
334:Nigeria's independence movement
237:
27:Nigerian politician (1909–1987)
3099:Ahmadu Bello University people
1522:"Five Independence Day Heroes"
497:, in 1927, he enrolled at the
1:
3154:Members of the Fabian Society
3109:20th-century Nigerian lawyers
3009:Nigerian Christian socialists
2278:Socialism of the 21st century
1783:10.1080/01436597.2023.2182283
754:Awo on the Nigerian Civil War
174:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
3139:Finance ministers of Nigeria
3094:People from colonial Nigeria
3034:Nigerian democracy activists
3019:Egbe Omo Oduduwa politicians
2837:Finance Ministers of Nigeria
2698:Party of European Socialists
2156:Negative and positive rights
1896:. The Punch. 19 October 2019
1369:"Awo's religious influences"
1259:"PNF-Behandlungsverfahren",
965:biography.yourdictionary.com
509:in 1944 to study law at the
3144:Members of the Inner Temple
3074:Senior advocates of Nigeria
3039:Nigerian newspaper founders
1869:Nigeria 100 Naira 1999-2014
1443:Shillington, Kevin (2013).
539:as a representative of the
493:Following his education at
360:government from 1959–1963.
330:Ọbáfẹ́mi Oyèéníyì Awólọ́wọ̀
3175:
3024:State governors of Nigeria
1500:. London: Savannah Press.
1449:. Routledge. p. 197.
759:Path to Nigerian Greatness
690:He is featured in the 100
3049:Nigerian social democrats
2843:
2780:
2713:Young European Socialists
2050:
1496:Sherwood, Marika (1995).
1385:Glickman, Harvey (1992).
800:Memorable Quotes from Awo
719:Path to Nigerian Freedom
651:As Presidential Candidate
450:group that ruled Ikenne.
381:Federal Executive Council
296:
143:
108:
78:
63:
51:
3114:Nigerian revolutionaries
2948:Olusegun Olutoyin Aganga
2111:Environmental protection
1682:10.1177/2158244016643139
1597:21 February 2008 at the
1076:embassynigeriaturkey.com
573:Path to Nigerian Freedom
505:(Hons.). He went to the
2708:Socialist International
2183:Revolutionary socialism
1849:Encyclopedia Britannica
1269:10.1007/3-540-27846-x_2
961:"Chief Obafemi Awolowo"
788:My march through prison
541:Nigerian Youth Movement
430:on 6 March 1909 in the
400:Nigerian Youth Movement
3064:People from Ogun State
2268:Evolutionary socialism
1734:. Algora. p. 15.
1675:(2): 215824401664313.
608:Samuel Ladoke Akintola
577:Lyttleton Constitution
495:Wesley College, Ibadan
329:
211:Unity Party of Nigeria
3129:Burials in Ogun State
3044:Nigerian Pentecostals
2203:Social market economy
2141:Left-wing nationalism
1967:Frankfurt Declaration
1770:Third World Quarterly
1730:Siollun, Max (2009).
1181:. 12 September 1963.
739:The People's Republic
694:banknote since 1999.
482:Wesley College Ibadan
2703:Progressive Alliance
2258:Democratic socialism
1962:Age of Enlightenment
1411:"then British owned"
533:Pan-African Congress
511:University of London
503:Bachelor of Commerce
499:University of London
404:Provincial Secretary
350:parliamentary system
283:University of London
3134:Anglican socialists
3054:Nigerian socialists
2953:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
2928:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
2863:Asumoh Ete Ekukinam
2558:Liebknecht (father)
2034:Revolutions of 1848
1391:. Greenwood Press.
412:Asíwájú Àwọn Yorùbá
3079:Yoruba politicians
2848:Festus Okotie-Eboh
2772:Types of socialism
2761:The Internationale
2193:Social corporatism
2044:Welfare capitalism
1296:www.britannica.com
1179:The New York Times
1141:. 14 February 2021
1021:. 16 November 2016
888:www.britannica.com
679:self-determination
644:blockade of Biafra
626:As National Leader
385:Nigerian Civil War
292:Journalist, lawyer
257:Oludolapo Osinbajo
126:Festus Okotie-Eboh
2976:
2975:
2938:Shamsuddeen Usman
2803:
2802:
2273:Liberal socialism
2263:Ethical socialism
2039:Utopian socialism
1977:Godesberg Program
1972:French Revolution
1711:. 25 January 2017
1644:. 14 January 2018
1261:PNF in der Praxis
941:. 13 October 2015
884:"Obafemi Awolowo"
675:Ibrahim Babangida
416:Asíwájú Ọmọ Oòduà
300:
299:
262:Segun Awolowo Jr.
254:(grandson-in-law)
16:(Redirected from
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2795:Socialism portal
2785:Economics portal
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2563:Liebknecht (son)
2328:Batlle y Ordóñez
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2106:Environmentalism
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1943:Social democracy
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1871:Bank note museum
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769:Voice of Courage
588:central planning
584:public ownership
563:, among others.
520:Nigerian Tribune
478:shorthand typist
373:Nigerian Tribune
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338:Egbe Omo Oduduwa
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557:Jomo Kenyatta
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58:Taken in 1959
55:
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38:
33:
30:
19:
2963:Zainab Ahmed
2958:Kemi Adeosun
2933:Nenadi Usman
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167:6 March 1909
133:Succeeded by
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2989:1909 births
2913:Anthony Ani
2903:Aminu Saleh
2888:Chu Okongwu
2230:Tripartisme
2225:Trade union
2131:Land reform
2012:Revisionist
1806:"About OAF"
1301:24 February
1218:27 February
703:Odole Oodua
699:chieftaincy
543:along with
383:during the
218:(1950–1966)
213:(1978–1983)
121:Preceded by
2983:Categories
2663:Woodsworth
2488:Hilferding
2348:Betancourt
2338:Ben-Gurion
2213:Capitalism
2188:Secularism
2121:Gradualism
2116:Fair trade
2084:Industrial
1900:3 February
1546:the world
1507:0951972022
1471:"About Us"
1163:, Volume 1
868:References
567:As Premier
537:Manchester
444:high chief
440:Ogun State
422:Early life
396:Ogun State
365:journalist
354:opposition
289:Profession
278:Alma mater
264:(grandson)
200:Ogun State
189:9 May 1987
181:, Nigeria)
179:Ogun State
163:1909-03-06
2968:Wale Edun
2893:Olu Falae
2767:Socialism
2755:Communism
2722:By region
2668:Zhordania
2608:Plekhanov
2573:MacDonald
2568:Luxemburg
2463:Gaitskell
2423:Daszyński
2383:Callaghan
2343:Bernstein
2283:Third Way
2218:Socialism
2176:Socialism
2166:Reformism
2101:Dirigisme
2074:Democracy
2029:Socialism
1792:0143-6597
1691:2158-2440
1669:SAGE Open
1187:0362-4331
1046:Nig24News
662:presiding
434:town of
248:Relations
202:, Nigeria
115:1967–1971
111:In office
81:In office
2633:Stauning
2553:Lévesque
2538:Lassalle
2518:Kerensky
2508:Katayama
2473:González
2408:Crosland
2388:Cárdenas
2373:Branting
2303:Ambedkar
2250:Variants
2079:Economic
2062:Concepts
2007:Orthodox
1982:Humanism
1616:TheCable
1595:Archived
1561:TheCable
1145:10 March
970:24 March
919:4 August
893:24 March
814:See also
527:Politics
474:Abeokuta
463:Obaluaye
269:Children
177:(now in
2748:Related
2734:Germany
2729:Austria
2653:Whitlam
2643:Den Uyl
2623:Sanders
2618:Russell
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2513:Kautsky
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2323:Awolowo
2308:Allende
2235:Welfare
2094:Marxist
2002:Marxism
1953:History
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707:Ile-Ife
686:Honours
344:of the
342:Premier
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2628:Savage
2593:Myrdal
2543:Layton
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2418:Curtin
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2294:People
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448:Osugbo
436:Ikenne
408:Yoruba
392:Ikenne
377:London
358:Balewa
326:Yoruba
223:Spouse
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170:Ikenne
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2598:Nehru
2548:Lenin
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2443:Ebert
2438:Drees
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