464:
415:
400:
430:
848:
63:
445:
42:
472:
682:
Nikolaev, S.I., Berney, C., Fahrni, J., Bolivar, I.,Polet, S., Mylnikov, A.P., Aleshin, V.V., Petrov, N. B., Pawlowski, J. 2004. The twilight of
Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (21) 8066-8071; DOI:
463:
712:
Smith, R. McK. & Patterson, D. J. 1986. Analyses of heliozoan inter-relationships: an example of the potentials and limitations of the ultrastructural approaches to the study of protistan phylogeny. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 227:325 -
702:
Patterson, D. J. 1986. The actinophryid heliozoa (Sarcodina, Actinopoda) as chromophytes. pp. 49 - 67 in
Kristiansen, J. & Anderson, R. A. Chrysophytes: aspects and problems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New
692:
Patterson, D. J. and
Fenchel, T. 1985. Insights into the evolution of heliozoa (Protozoa, Sarcodina) as provided by ultrastructural studies on a new species of flagellate from the genus Pteridomonas. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 34:
594:
Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E.E.; Allsopp, M.T.E.P. (1995). "Ribosomal RNA evidence for chloroplast loss within
Heterokonta: pedinellid relationships and a revised classification of ochristan algae".
361:
The
Axodine grouping was unusual in breaking with the traditions of botanical and protozoological taxonomy to include the actinophryid heliozoa as part of the lineage that also contained the
1446:
429:
1466:
346:
that includes silicoflagellate and rhizochromulinid algae, actinomonad heterotrophic flagellates and actinophryid heliozoa. Alternative classifications treat the dictyochophytes as
399:
547:"Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences"
1456:
414:
389:
The name points to a character that is deemed to be synapomorphic for the group: that is the microtubular arrays that extend from the surface of the
862:
1499:
1386:
777:
467:
Diagram by
Mikrjukov and Patterson to show the relationships of, and within, axodines, together with the proposed synapomorphies of the clades.
741:
661:
358:. The grouping was proposed on the basis of ultrastructural similarities, and is consistent with subsequent molecular comparisons.
1540:
1535:
444:
1619:
1609:
1592:
393:. Many flagellated forms have a single emergent flagellum, that lacks the root structure found in related chrysophytes.
3019:
1451:
1376:
887:
62:
1492:
1366:
867:
832:
1421:
381:. This followed a growing consensus that the actinophryid heliozoa were not related to other types of heliozoa.
1083:
955:
942:
2982:
1624:
1361:
1341:
807:
2380:
2944:
2832:
2827:
2795:
2790:
2416:
2352:
1371:
1223:
734:
354:. Other overlapping taxonomic concepts include the Actinochrysophyceae, Actinochrysea or Dictyochophyceae
2822:
2589:
2528:
2807:
2737:
2562:
1587:
1485:
1416:
1243:
1186:
921:
787:
2855:
2842:
2452:
2388:
2218:
1801:
2812:
2634:
2319:
2213:
2180:
2052:
3024:
2817:
2800:
2732:
2597:
2538:
2241:
1996:
1991:
1848:
1832:
1702:
1684:
1168:
968:
872:
837:
2639:
2629:
2570:
2498:
2394:
2076:
2034:
2006:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1759:
2523:
2339:
2147:
1937:
1814:
1695:
1411:
1346:
1113:
1102:
979:
962:
2850:
2644:
2603:
847:
2714:
2259:
2024:
1827:
1604:
1582:
1570:
1545:
378:
312:
253:
207:
193:
57:
1731:
267:
2328:
1674:
2860:
2475:
2424:
2362:
2167:
1689:
1614:
1577:
1565:
1555:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1118:
1037:
882:
802:
727:
657:
576:
300:
1968:
2691:
1842:
1529:
1248:
1228:
1152:
1026:
973:
912:
603:
566:
558:
493:
374:
179:
143:
2699:
2434:
2370:
2347:
1945:
1356:
1233:
1059:
1043:
1031:
772:
520:
294:
232:
199:
625:
2548:
2503:
2470:
2280:
2251:
2057:
2014:
1837:
1560:
1512:
1426:
1157:
1072:
948:
571:
546:
100:
87:
607:
3013:
2764:
2724:
2616:
2198:
2190:
2175:
2156:
1436:
1406:
1291:
1286:
1013:
990:
927:
897:
892:
351:
343:
275:
246:
239:
2926:
2709:
2704:
2576:
2543:
2518:
2508:
2493:
2485:
2407:
2293:
2288:
2236:
2203:
2047:
1888:
1822:
1769:
1741:
1516:
1431:
1326:
1253:
1208:
1180:
1077:
1053:
902:
827:
797:
792:
782:
505:
487:
390:
288:
281:
260:
212:
175:
113:
50:
24:
2967:
651:
2991:
2976:
2913:
2624:
2465:
2460:
2042:
1926:
1901:
1736:
1666:
1477:
1396:
1381:
1331:
1196:
1020:
817:
812:
767:
496:, marine plankton that form siliceous skeletons and are well known as fossils.
2680:
2533:
2442:
2228:
2208:
2112:
1713:
1281:
1218:
1147:
1139:
937:
932:
877:
562:
362:
347:
225:
133:
2782:
2298:
2129:
2019:
1896:
1787:
1751:
1508:
1351:
1336:
1276:
1258:
1238:
1213:
1174:
1162:
1002:
218:
185:
74:
580:
518:
In addition to the silicoflagellates and actinodines, the marine amoeboid
41:
2961:
2772:
2753:
2083:
1955:
1907:
1764:
1722:
1679:
1657:
1599:
1401:
1107:
1066:
1048:
822:
759:
750:
525:
2513:
1877:
1795:
1461:
1391:
1268:
123:
2996:
1646:
1123:
1094:
2938:
510:
Most other axodines form a group variously called the pedinellids.
471:
470:
1441:
2942:
1481:
723:
528:. It is considered closer to the latter group than the former.
438:- heterotrophic flagellate with single flagellum and stiff arms
462:
719:
478:
The traditional botanical treatment of the group follows
626:"Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa. III. Actinophryids"
653:
650:
Sandgren, C.D.; Smol, J.P.; Kristiansen, J. (1995).
2951:
2905:
2841:
2781:
2763:
2750:
2723:
2690:
2677:
2615:
2588:
2561:
2484:
2451:
2433:
2415:
2406:
2379:
2361:
2338:
2318:
2311:
2279:
2272:
2250:
2227:
2189:
2166:
2146:
2139:
2126:
2109:
2066:
2033:
2005:
1967:
1954:
1936:
1923:
1887:
1874:
1813:
1786:
1750:
1721:
1712:
1665:
1656:
1643:
1319:
1267:
1195:
1138:
1093:
989:
911:
855:
757:
405:Siliceous skeleton of the dictyochid flagellate,
619:
617:
524:is included here based on the structure of its
624:Mikrjukov KA, Patterson DJ (1 February 2001).
1493:
735:
365:algae along with colorless relatives such as
8:
2939:
2838:
2760:
2747:
2687:
2674:
2412:
2315:
2308:
2276:
2143:
2136:
2123:
2119:
2106:
1964:
1933:
1920:
1884:
1871:
1810:
1718:
1662:
1653:
1640:
1500:
1486:
1478:
1201:
995:
742:
728:
720:
656:. Cambridge University Press. p. 49.
40:
31:
570:
537:
395:
7:
373:; the axodines further included the
19:For Dictyochophyceae Silva, 1980,
14:
846:
443:
428:
413:
398:
61:
16:Class of single-celled organisms
545:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017).
492:The most notable group is the
1:
778:High lipid content microalgae
608:10.1016/S0003-9365(11)80316-7
1377:Fish diseases and parasites
888:Photosynthetic picoplankton
342:are a group of unicellular
3041:
1367:Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
868:Heterotrophic picoplankton
503:
485:
459:Classification and history
18:
2921:
2746:
2673:
2307:
2122:
2105:
1919:
1870:
1639:
1523:
1422:Marine primary production
1204:
998:
844:
563:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3
318:
311:
172:
167:
58:Scientific classification
56:
48:
39:
34:
1342:Algal nutrient solutions
1084:Thalassiosira pseudonana
956:Flavobacterium columnare
943:Enteric redmouth disease
514:Order Rhizochromulinales
1362:Diel vertical migration
878:Microphyte (microalgae)
863:Eukaryotic picoplankton
808:Paradox of the plankton
683:10.1073/pnas.0308602101
2417:Discosporangiophycidae
1224:Gelatinous zooplankton
521:Rhizochromulina marina
475:
468:
2381:Chrysoparadoxophyceae
1417:Marine microorganisms
1187:Velvet (fish disease)
922:Aeromonas salmonicida
788:Marine microorganisms
474:
466:
451:Ciliophrys infusionum
2833:Arachnoidiscophytina
2828:Rhizosloleniophytina
2796:Leptocylindrophyceae
2791:Leptocylindrophytina
2353:Pleurochloridellales
1685:Pseudodendromonadida
1169:Pfiesteria piscicida
969:Marine bacteriophage
873:Marine microplankton
369:, Pteridomonas, and
158:Cavalier-Smith 1986
3020:Actinochrysophyceae
2983:Actinochrysophyceae
2953:Actinochrysophyceae
2823:Coscinodiscophytina
2590:Schizocladiophyceae
2529:Phaeosiphoniellales
2340:Phaeothamniophyceae
2148:Olisthodiscophyceae
1938:Hyphochytriomycetes
1815:Labyrinthulomycetes
1412:Ocean acidification
1347:Artificial seawater
1114:Coscinodiscophyceae
980:Streptococcus iniae
963:Pelagibacter ubique
633:Acta Protozoologica
453:, living flagellate
323:Cavalier-Smith 1995
2808:Ellerbeckiophytina
2756:
2752:
2738:Sarcinochrysidales
2715:Rhizochromulinales
2683:
2679:
2563:Phaeosacciophyceae
2260:Pinguiochrysidales
2132:
2128:
2115:
2111:
1956:Peronosporomycetes
1929:
1925:
1880:
1876:
1649:
1645:
500:Order Pedinellales
482:Order Dictyochales
476:
469:
423:, living heliozoon
379:Rhizochromulinales
194:Rhizochromulinales
3007:
3006:
2945:Taxon identifiers
2936:
2935:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2861:Bacillariophyceae
2856:Biddulphiophyceae
2843:Bacillariophytina
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2557:
2556:
2476:Syringodermatales
2453:Dictyochophycidae
2425:Discosporangiales
2389:Chrysoparadoxales
2363:Chrysomerophyceae
2268:
2267:
2219:Thallochrysidales
2168:Eustigmatophyceae
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1802:Pseudophyllomitus
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1475:
1474:
1315:
1314:
1302:Siphonostomatoida
1297:Poecilostomatoida
1249:Crustacean larvae
1153:Choanoflagellates
1134:
1133:
1124:Bacillariophyceae
1119:Fragilariophyceae
1038:Emiliania huxleyi
883:Nanophytoplankton
803:Milky seas effect
596:Arch. Protistenkd
494:silicoflagellates
375:silicoflagellates
336:
335:
301:Pseudochattonella
180:Silicoflagellates
163:
3032:
3000:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2940:
2839:
2813:Probosciophytina
2761:
2757:
2748:
2692:Dictyochophyceae
2688:
2684:
2675:
2635:Rhizochloridales
2413:
2320:Aurearenophyceae
2316:
2309:
2277:
2214:Rhizochrysidales
2181:Goniochloridales
2144:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2053:Salilagenidiales
1965:
1961:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1885:
1881:
1872:
1843:Thraustochytrida
1811:
1719:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1552:
1532:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1229:Hunting copepods
1202:
1027:Chaetocerotaceae
996:
913:Bacterioplankton
850:
744:
737:
730:
721:
714:
710:
704:
700:
694:
690:
684:
680:
674:
673:
671:
670:
647:
641:
640:
630:
621:
612:
611:
602:(3–4): 209–220.
591:
585:
584:
574:
542:
447:
432:
417:
407:Dictyocha fibula
402:
330:
324:
157:
144:Dictyochophyceae
66:
65:
44:
32:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2917:
2865:
2837:
2818:Melosirophytina
2801:Corethrophyceae
2777:
2751:
2742:
2733:Pelagomonadales
2719:
2700:Florenciellales
2678:
2649:
2611:
2598:Schizocladiales
2584:
2553:
2539:Scytothamniales
2480:
2447:
2435:Ishigeophycidae
2429:
2402:
2375:
2371:Chrysomeridales
2357:
2348:Phaeothamniales
2334:
2303:
2264:
2246:
2242:Chlamydomyxales
2223:
2185:
2162:
2127:
2110:
2089:
2062:
2029:
2001:
1997:Rozellopsidales
1992:Olpidiopsidales
1959:
1958:
1950:
1946:Hyphochytriales
1924:
1915:
1875:
1854:
1849:Stellarchytrium
1833:Oblongichytrida
1809:
1774:
1746:
1708:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1550:
1528:
1519:
1506:
1476:
1471:
1402:Marine mucilage
1357:Biological pump
1311:
1263:
1234:Ichthyoplankton
1191:
1158:Dinoflagellates
1130:
1089:
1060:Nannochloropsis
1044:Eustigmatophyte
1032:Coccolithophore
985:
907:
851:
842:
773:CLAW hypothesis
753:
748:
718:
717:
711:
707:
701:
697:
691:
687:
681:
677:
668:
666:
664:
649:
648:
644:
628:
623:
622:
615:
593:
592:
588:
544:
543:
539:
534:
516:
508:
502:
490:
484:
461:
454:
448:
439:
433:
424:
421:Actinophrys sol
418:
409:
403:
387:
385:Characteristics
329:Patterson, 1994
328:
322:
295:Florenciellales
289:Actinosphaerium
233:Pseudopedinella
200:Rhizochromulina
156:
60:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2988:
2973:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2907:Incertae sedis
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2758:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2640:Tribonematales
2637:
2632:
2630:Mischococcales
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2571:Phaeosacciales
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2549:Tilopteridales
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:Desmarestiales
2501:
2499:Asterocladales
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2471:Sphacelariales
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:Chrysoparadoxa
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Chattonellales
2285:
2283:
2281:Raphidomonadea
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2252:Pinguiophyceae
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2077:Diatomophthora
2072:
2070:
2068:incertae sedis
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2058:Saprolegniales
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2035:Saprolegniidae
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Peronosporales
2011:
2009:
2007:Peronosporidae
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Lagenismatales
1984:
1982:Haptoglossales
1979:
1977:Anisolpidiales
1973:
1971:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1838:Labyrinthulida
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:Proteromonadea
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:Mesomycetozoea
1622:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1561:Diaphoretickes
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Pseudoplankton
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1320:Related topics
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1269:Copepod orders
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1073:Prasinophyceae
1070:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
976:
971:
966:
959:
952:
949:Flavobacterium
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
917:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
857:
853:
852:
845:
843:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
762:
755:
754:
749:
747:
746:
739:
732:
724:
716:
715:
705:
695:
685:
675:
662:
642:
613:
586:
557:(1): 297–357.
536:
535:
533:
530:
515:
512:
504:Main article:
501:
498:
486:Main article:
483:
480:
460:
457:
456:
455:
449:
442:
440:
434:
427:
425:
419:
412:
410:
404:
397:
386:
383:
334:
333:
332:
331:
325:
321:Actinochrysea
316:
315:
309:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
292:
285:
278:
273:
272:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
210:
205:
204:
203:
191:
190:
189:
170:
169:
165:
164:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
88:Diaphoretickes
85:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3037:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2765:Bolidophyceae
2762:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2725:Pelagophyceae
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2617:Xanthophyceae
2614:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Neodermatales
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Actinophryida
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Chromulinales
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2191:Chrysophyceae
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Eustigmatales
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2157:Olisthodiscus
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1588:Stramenopiles
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:(major groups
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Stramenopiles
1514:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Tychoplankton
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Microbial mat
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Monstrilloida
1290:
1288:
1287:Harpacticoida
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:Marine larvae
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1095:Diatom orders
1092:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1014:Bacteriastrum
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
992:
991:Phytoplankton
988:
982:
981:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
964:
960:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:Cyanobacteria
926:
924:
923:
919:
918:
916:
914:
910:
904:
901:
899:
898:Picoeukaryote
896:
894:
893:Picobiliphyte
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
854:
849:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
761:
756:
752:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
725:
722:
709:
706:
699:
696:
689:
686:
679:
676:
665:
663:9780521462600
659:
655:
654:
646:
643:
638:
634:
627:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
582:
578:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:
538:
531:
529:
527:
523:
522:
513:
511:
507:
499:
497:
495:
489:
481:
479:
473:
465:
458:
452:
446:
441:
437:
431:
426:
422:
416:
411:
408:
401:
396:
394:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
352:Chrysophyceae
350:algae, or as
349:
345:
344:stramenopiles
341:
326:
320:
319:
317:
314:
310:
303:
302:
298:
297:
296:
293:
291:
290:
286:
284:
283:
279:
277:
276:Actinophryida
274:
270:
269:
265:
263:
262:
258:
256:
255:
251:
249:
248:
247:Parapedinella
244:
242:
241:
240:Mesopedinella
237:
235:
234:
230:
228:
227:
223:
221:
220:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
206:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
171:
166:
161:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:Stramenopiles
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
21:sensu stricto
2952:
2927:paraphyletic
2912:
2906:
2851:Mediophyceae
2710:Pedinellales
2705:Dictyochales
2645:Vaucheriales
2604:Schizocladia
2602:
2577:Phaeosaccion
2575:
2544:Sporochnales
2519:Laminariales
2509:Ectocarpales
2494:Ascoseirales
2486:Fucophycidae
2408:Phaeophyceae
2393:
2327:
2237:Synchromales
2204:Hibberdiales
2155:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2048:Leptomitales
1906:
1889:Bigyromonada
1847:
1823:Amphitremida
1800:
1770:Blastocystea
1742:Opalomonadea
1701:
1694:
1610:Opisthokonta
1432:Stromatolite
1327:Aeroplankton
1254:Salmon louse
1209:Chaetognatha
1181:Symbiodinium
1179:
1167:
1082:
1078:Raphidophyte
1065:
1058:
1054:Stramenopile
1036:
1019:
1012:
1007:
978:
961:
954:
947:
920:
903:Picoplankton
828:Spring bloom
798:Mycoplankton
793:Meroplankton
783:Holoplankton
708:
698:
688:
678:
667:. Retrieved
652:
645:
636:
632:
599:
595:
589:
554:
550:
540:
519:
517:
509:
506:Pedinellales
491:
488:Dictyochales
477:
450:
435:
420:
406:
388:
370:
366:
360:
355:
339:
337:
299:
287:
280:
266:
261:Pteridomonas
259:
252:
245:
238:
231:
224:
217:
213:Pedinellales
198:
184:
176:Dictyochales
159:
153:
134:Ochrophytina
107:
94:
81:
51:actinophryid
29:
25:Dictyochales
20:
3025:Planktology
2992:iNaturalist
2977:Wikispecies
2914:Platysulcus
2625:Botrydiales
2466:Onslowiales
2461:Dictyotales
2043:Albuginales
2025:Rhipidiales
1960:(Oomycetes)
1927:Pseudofungi
1902:Pirsoniales
1828:Amphifilida
1737:Nanomonadea
1667:Bicosoecida
1397:Manta trawl
1382:Heterotroph
1332:Algaculture
1197:Zooplankton
1140:Flagellates
1021:Chaetoceros
974:SAR11 clade
833:Thin layers
818:Planktology
813:Planktivore
768:Algal bloom
551:Protoplasma
436:Actinomonas
367:Actinomonas
282:Actinophrys
254:Actinomonas
208:Actinodines
130:Subphylum:
3014:Categories
2681:Diatomista
2534:Ralfsiales
2443:Ishigeales
2299:Commatiida
2229:Picophagea
2209:Hydrurales
2113:Ochrophyta
1732:Placididea
1714:Placidozoa
1392:Macroalgae
1352:Autotrophs
1282:Cyclopoida
1219:Ctenophora
1148:Brevetoxin
938:Cyanotoxin
933:Cyanobiont
669:2014-12-12
639:(1): 3–26.
532:References
371:Ciliophrys
363:pedinellid
356:sensu lato
348:heterokont
268:Ciliophrys
226:Apedinella
160:stat. nov.
154:Pedinellia
150:Subclass:
2968:Q21445632
2783:Diatomeae
2329:Aurearena
2130:Chrysista
2020:Pythiales
1897:Developea
1788:Sagenista
1752:Opalinata
1675:Bicoecida
1605:Amoebozoa
1583:Alveolata
1571:Cryptista
1546:Eukaryota
1509:Eukaryota
1337:Algal mat
1277:Calanoida
1259:Sea louse
1239:Jellyfish
1214:Ciguatera
1175:Saxitoxin
1163:Flagellum
1112:Classes:
1103:Centrales
1003:Auxospore
526:zoospores
327:Axodines
219:Pedinella
186:Dictyocha
75:Eukaryota
35:Axodines
2962:Wikidata
2773:Parmales
2754:Khakista
2084:Miracula
1908:Pirsonia
1765:Opalinea
1723:Wobblata
1690:Borokida
1680:Anoecida
1658:Opalozoa
1600:Amorphea
1578:Rhizaria
1566:Hacrobia
1556:Excavata
1541:Bacteria
1108:Pennales
1067:Navicula
1049:Frustule
823:Red tide
760:plankton
751:Plankton
581:28875267
340:axodines
313:Synonyms
120:Phylum:
71:Domain:
2514:Fucales
1969:Eogamia
1878:Gyrista
1796:Eogyrea
1703:Cantina
1615:Animals
1536:Archaea
1462:MOCNESS
1372:f-ratio
1307:More...
1008:Axodine
856:By size
838:More...
693:381-403
572:5756292
391:nucleus
168:Genera
140:Class:
124:Gyrista
2997:424971
2929:groups
1696:Rictus
1647:Bigyra
1593:Plants
1530:Domain
1457:AusCPR
1447:C-MORE
758:About
660:
579:
569:
377:, and
23:, see
1620:Fungi
703:York.
629:(PDF)
108:Clade
95:Clade
82:Clade
1467:SCAR
1442:Zoid
1387:HNLC
713:366.
658:ISBN
577:PMID
338:The
162:2017
2140:SII
1513:SAR
1452:CPR
604:doi
600:145
567:PMC
559:doi
555:255
101:SAR
49:An
3016::
2994::
2979::
2964::
2312:PX
2273:SI
1515::
1511::
637:40
635:.
631:.
616:^
598:.
575:.
565:.
553:.
549:.
110::
97::
84::
2925:*
1725:*
1627:)
1501:e
1494:t
1487:v
743:e
736:t
729:v
672:.
610:.
606::
583:.
561::
178:/
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
