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1361:) in their caves. The men hunted, made fires, and fixed their tools and weapons. Two Wintalka men approached from the west, and invited the Mala people to attend their inma, but the Mala people declined the invitation, as their inma had begun and could not be stopped. The Wintalka men went back and told their people, who got angry and created an evil spirit, in the form of an enormous devil-dog called Kurpany, in order to wreck the Mala inma. Kurpany approached the Mala people, changing form as he did so, including taking the form of a ghost (
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209:
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1288:. The first tells of serpents who waged many wars around Uluru, scarring the rock. The second tells of two tribes of ancestral spirits who were invited to a feast, but were distracted by the beautiful Sleepy Lizard Women and did not show up. In response, the angry hosts sang evil into a mud sculpture that came to life as the dingo. There followed a great battle, which ended in the deaths of the leaders of both tribes. The earth itself rose up in grief at the bloodshed, becoming Uluru.
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202:
874:, clause 6.3.3 provides that the Director and the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa Board of Management should work to close the climb upon meeting any of three conditions: there were "adequate new visitor experiences", less than 20 per cent of visitors made the climb, or the "critical factors" in decisions to visit were "cultural and natural experiences". Despite cogent evidence that the second condition was met by July 2013, the climb remained open.
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844:, promised to hand back the land title to the Aṉangu traditional custodians and caretakers and agreed to the community's 10-point plan which included forbidding the climbing of Uluru. The government set access to climb Uluru and a 99-year lease, instead of the previously agreed upon 50-year lease, as conditions before the title was officially given back to the Aṉangu on 26 October 1985.
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881:, golfing and nudity, led to renewed calls for banning the climb. On 1 November 2017, the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park board voted unanimously to prohibit climbing Uluru. As a result, there was a surge in climbers and visitors after the ban was announced. The ban took effect on the 26 October 2019, and the chain was then removed.
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and other local languages) and the
English name. On 15 December 1993, it was renamed "Ayers Rock / Uluru" and became the first official dual-named feature in the Northern Territory. The order of the dual names was officially reversed to "Uluru / Ayers Rock" on 6 November 2002 following a request from
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The world was once a featureless place. None of the places we know existed until creator beings, in the forms of people, plants and animals, travelled widely across the land. Then, in a process of creation and destruction, they formed the landscape as we know it today. Aṉangu land is still inhabited
1198:
in the rock are relatively fresh in appearance. This lack of sorting and grain rounding is typical of arkosic sandstones and is indicative of relatively rapid erosion from the granites of the growing mountains to the south. The layers of sand were nearly horizontal when deposited, but were tilted to
716:
The first tourists arrived in the Uluru area in 1936. Permanent
European settlement of the area began in the 1940s under Aboriginal welfare policy and to promote tourism at Uluru. This increased tourism prompted the formation of the first vehicular tracks in 1948 and tour bus services began early in
588:
formation stands 348 m (1,142 ft) high, rising 863 m (2,831 ft) above sea level with most of its bulk lying underground, and has a total perimeter of 9.4 km (5.8 mi). Uluru is notable for appearing to change colour at different times of the day and year, most notably
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The park has a hot desert climate and receives an average rainfall of 284.6 mm (11.2 in) per year. The average high temperature in summer (December–January) is 37.8 °C (100.0 °F), and the average low temperature in winter (June–July) is 4.7 °C (40.5 °F). Temperature
730:
On 26 October 1985, the
Australian government returned ownership of Uluru to the local Pitjantjatjara people, with a condition that the Aṉangu would lease it back to the National Parks and Wildlife agency for 99 years and that it would be jointly managed. An agreement originally made between the
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The development of tourism infrastructure adjacent to the base of Uluru that began in the 1950s soon produced adverse environmental impacts. It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a reservation of
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was Bill Harney, a well-recognised central
Australian figure. By 1959, the first motel leases had been granted and Eddie Connellan had constructed an airstrip close to the northern side of Uluru. Following a 1963 suggestion from the Northern Territory Reserves Board, a chain was laid to assist
1377:
Aṉangu believe that the ancestors still exist at Uluru today. Luunpa, now a large rock, keeps watch, while the men killed by
Kurpany are still in their cave. Kurpany's footprints, heading eastwards and southwards, are still in the rock. The teaching from this story is that people need to heed
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A chain handhold, added to the rock in 1964 and extended in 1976, made the hour-long climb easier, but it remained a steep, 800 m (0.5 mi) hike to the top, where it can be quite windy. It was recommended that individuals drink plenty of water while climbing, and that those who were
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are known to have been living near Uluru; according to recent surveys there are currently 21. Aṉangu acknowledge that a decrease in the number has implications for the condition and health of the landscape. Moves are supported for the reintroduction of locally extinct animals such as
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It is sometimes reported that those who take rocks from the formation will be cursed and suffer misfortune. There have been many instances where people who removed such rocks attempted to mail them back to various agencies in an attempt to remove the perceived curse.
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track, and also due to a sense of responsibility for the safety of visitors. Until
October 2019, the visitors' guide said "the climb is not prohibited, but we prefer that, as a guest on Aṉangu land, you will choose to respect our law and culture by not climbing".
1725:), were introduced to rehabilitate areas damaged by erosion. It is the most threatening weed in the park and has spread to invade water- and nutrient-rich drainage lines. A few others, such as burrgrass, were brought in accidentally, carried on cars and people.
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the 1950s. In 1958, the area that would become the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa
National Park was excised from the Petermann Reserve; it was placed under the management of the Northern Territory Reserves Board and named the Ayers Rock–Mount Olga National Park. The first
702:, government-run settlements where the Aboriginal people were forced to live. In 1920, part of Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park was declared an Aboriginal Reserve (commonly known as the South-Western or Petermann Reserve) by the Australian government under the
674:. In the late 19th century, pastoralists attempted to establish themselves in areas adjoining the Southwestern/Petermann Reserve and interaction between Aṉangu and white people became more frequent and more violent. Due to the effects of grazing and drought,
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Both Uluru and the nearby Kata Tjuta formation have great cultural significance for the local Aṉangu people, the traditional inhabitants of the area, who lead walking tours to inform visitors about the bush, food, local flora and fauna, and the
Aboriginal
986:, meaning "island mountain". An inselberg is a prominent isolated residual knob or hill that rises abruptly from and is surrounded by extensive and relatively flat erosion lowlands in a hot, dry region. Uluru is also often referred to as a
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or medical conditions restricting exercise, did not attempt it. Climbing Uluru was generally closed to the public when high winds were present at the top. As of July 2018, 37 deaths related to recreational climbing have been recorded.
816:, annual visitor numbers rose to over 400,000 visitors by 2000. Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of cultural values and visitor needs.
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Uluru was built up during the creation period by two boys who played in the mud after rain. When they had finished their game they travelled south to Wiputa ... Fighting together, the two boys made their way to the table topped
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to the south-west at 85°, and have an exposed thickness of at least 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The strata dip below the surrounding plain and no doubt extend well beyond Uluru in the subsurface, but the extent is not known.
756:
project about 3 km (1.9 mi) on the east side of Uluru involved design and construction supervision by the Aṉangu traditional owners of 11 km (6.8 mi) of roads and 1.6 km (1 mi) of walking trails.
599:, also called Mount Olga or the Olgas, lies 25 km (16 mi) west of Uluru. Special viewing areas with road access and parking have been constructed to give tourists the best views of both sites at dawn and dusk.
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is mostly restricted to the transitional sand plain area, a narrow band of country that stretches from the vicinity of Uluru to the northern boundary of the park and into Ayers Rock Resort. This area also contains the
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woman) spied him first, and warned the Mala people; however, they did not listen to her. Kurpany attacked and killed some of the men, and the remaining Mala people fled southwards, into what is now the state of
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platform and requested that the content be removed in accordance with the wishes of Aṉangu, Uluru's traditional owners, and the national park's Film and
Photography Guidelines. Google agreed to the request.
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There are a number of differing accounts given, by outsiders, of
Aboriginal ancestral stories for the origins of Uluru and its many cracks and fissures. One such account, taken from Robert Layton's (1989)
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According to a 2010 publication, just over one-third of all visitors to the park climbed Uluru; a high percentage of these were children. About one-sixth of visitors made the climb between 2011 and 2015.
927:
and are forbidden ground for Aṉangu of the opposite sex to those participating in the rituals in question. The photographic restriction is intended to prevent Aṉangu from inadvertently violating this
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share decision-making on the management of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Under their joint Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park Management Plan 2010–20, issued by the Director of National Parks under the
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The local Aṉangu do not climb Uluru because of its great spiritual significance. They have in the past requested that visitors not climb the rock, partly due to the path crossing a sacred traditional
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The growth and reproduction of plant communities rely on irregular rainfall. Some plants are able to survive fire and some are dependent on it to reproduce. Plants are an important part of
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During heavy rain, waterfalls cascade down the sides of Uluru, a rare phenomenon that only 1% of all tourists get to see. Large rainfall events occurred in 2016 and the summer of 2020–21.
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104 km (40 sq mi) of land beyond the park's northern boundary, 15 km (9 mi) from Uluru, was approved for the development of a tourist facility and an associated
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grains and highly altered inclusions within K-feldspar. The grains are typically 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) in diameter, and are angular to subangular; the finer sandstone is
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the following year. In July 1992, Yulara Development Company was dissolved and the Ayers Rock Resort Company was established, after which all hotels came under the same management.
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Since the first Europeans arrived, 34 exotic plant species have been recorded in the park, representing about 6.4% of the total park flora. Some, such as perennial buffel grass (
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represents a large portion of plants found in Central Australia. A number of these species are considered rare and restricted in the park or the immediate region. Many rare and
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population of the park comprises at least seven species that depend on day roosting sites within caves and crevices of Uluru and Kata Tjuta. Most of the bats forage for aerial
797:(Voyages Sails in the Desert) in 1984. The town square, bank and primary school were also established. After the Commonwealth Government handed the national park back to its
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ranges to the south is now explained. The ancestors of the ranges to the south were once much larger than the eroded remnants we see today. They were thrust up during a
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stores became depleted. Competition for these resources created conflict between the two groups, resulting in more frequent police patrols. Later, during the
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in the 1870s. Uluru and Kata Tjuta were first mapped by Europeans in 1872 during the expeditionary period, which was made possible by the construction of the
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742:, with a population of approximately 300, is located near the eastern end of Uluru. From Uluru it is 17 km (11 mi) by road to the tourist town of
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1629:. These species are distributed throughout the park, but their densities are greatest near the rich water run-off areas of Uluru and Kata Tjuta.
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Aṉangu continue to hunt and gather animal species in remote areas of the park and on Aṉangu land elsewhere. Hunting is largely confined to the
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In September 2020, Parks Australia alerted Google Australia to the user-generated images from the Uluru summit that have been posted on the
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and has been a popular destination for tourists since the late 1930s. It is also one of the most important indigenous sites in Australia.
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1187:), and thus the Mutitjulu Arkose is believed to have been deposited at about the same time, hence then in Gondwana (now in Australia).
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that makes up the formation is composed of grains that show little sorting based on grain size and exhibit very little rounding; the
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exposed to the south. When relatively fresh, the rock has a grey colour, but weathering of iron-bearing minerals by the process of
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1324:. Other Tjukurpa affect only one specific area. Many exploits of Tjukurpa involve ancestral beings going underground. Kuniya, the
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to the south and west, but separate from a nearby fan that deposited the sand, pebbles and cobbles that now make up Kata Tjuta.
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were the first European explorers to this area. While exploring the area in 1872, Giles sighted Kata Tjuta from a location near
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1716:, are restricted to the moist areas at the base of the formation, which are areas of high visitor use and subject to erosion.
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extremes in the park have been recorded at 46 °C (115 °F) during summer and −5 °C (23 °F) during winter.
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gives the outer surface layer of rock a red-brown rusty colour. Features related to deposition of the sediment include
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3547:(2nd edition) (Map). 1:250 000. Northern Territory Geological Survey. Geological Map Series Explanatory Notes.
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associated with Uluru that date back thousands of years. According to the Aṉangu, traditional landowners of Uluru:
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and called it Mount Olga, while the following year Gosse observed Uluru and named it Ayers' Rock, in honour of the
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Archaeological findings to the east and west indicate that humans settled in the area more than 10,000 years ago.
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The Aṉangu request that visitors do not photograph certain sections of Uluru, for reasons related to traditional
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at the base of Uluru and Kata Tjuta following summer rains. The great desert skink is listed as vulnerable.
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policy was adopted that allowed official names that consist of both the traditional Aboriginal name (in the
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For the purpose of mapping and describing the geological history of the area, geologists refer to the rock
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1345:) people came from the north, and decided to stay at Uluru for a while, and perform the ceremony known as
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fauna of high conservation significance, with 73 species having been reliably recorded. Four species of
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slopes and soil. These characteristics led to its survival, while the surrounding rocks were eroded.
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The traditional owners of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park (Nguraritja) and the Federal Government's
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3164:"Uluru climbs banned from October 2019 after unanimous board decision to 'close the playground'"
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1649:, and ceremonies are held for each of the major plant foods. Many plants are associated with
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Further explorations followed with the aim of establishing the possibilities of the area for
3089:. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 2010. p. 102.
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770:
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3037:. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 2010. p. 90.
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On 8 October 2009, the Talinguru Nyakuntjaku viewing area opened to public visitation. The
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Between 1918 and 1921, large adjoining areas of South Australia, Western Australia and the
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1371:
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2461:. Canberra: Australian Department of the Environment and Water Resources. October 2005.
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Uluru chains removed, but site may take 'thousands of years' to return to natural state
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their near vertical position during a later episode of mountain building, possibly the
1176:
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503:
449:
2737:
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3475:
2978:"Helicopter pilot recalls danger of Uluru rescues, surprised climb not closed sooner"
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One of the major stories associated with Uluru is the Mala story. In this, the Mala (
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1021:
998:
465:
442:
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1249:
by the spirits of dozens of these ancestral creator beings which are referred to as
765:
615:
4111:
3391:
2455:
Welcome to Aboriginal land: Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Visitor guide and maps
2424:
1713:
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within 100 m (330 ft) or so from the rock face. The park has a very rich
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1235:
1223:
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1137:
1105:
1097:
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Young, David N.; Duncan, N.; Camacho, A.; Ferenczi, P.A.; Madigan, T.L.A. (2002).
589:
when it glows red at dawn and sunset. The reddish colour in the rock derives from
2617:
Tourism pioneer Peter Severin laid the chain up Uluru. He predicts it will return
2525:
1738:
levels are extreme between October and March, averaging between 11 and 15 on the
1709:
of the bloodwood is used as a disinfectant and an inhalant for coughs and colds.
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Mai Wiyaringkupai (November/December) – The hot season when food becomes scarce
499:
457:
3676:. Australian Department of the Environment and Water Resources. Archived from
3194:
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2982:
2954:
2759:
2633:"Unchained Uluru may take 'thousands of years' to return to its natural state"
2229:
1712:
Several rare and endangered species are found in the park. Most of them, like
1509:
1366:
1313:
1133:
1065:
990:, although this is an ambiguous term that is generally avoided by geologists.
878:
686:
scalping with 'doggers' who introduced the Aṉangu to European foods and ways.
619:
596:
590:
476:
2466:
1656:
Flora in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park can be broken into these categories:
1328:, lived in the rocks at Uluru where she fought the Liru, the poisonous snake.
108:
95:
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4014:
3979:
3387:"Uluru's magnificent waterfalls: landmark transformed by rain – in pictures"
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Piriyakutu (August/September/October) – Animals breed and food plants flower
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3614:
Neuendorf, Klaus K.E.; Mehl, James P. Jr.; Jackson, Julia A., eds. (2005).
2374:
4093:
3190:"Uluru visitor rush ahead of climbing ban prompts fears for local tourism"
2556:
Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
955:
824:
17:
4061:
3928:"Australian Climate Averages: Ultra violet index (Climatology 1979–2007)"
3498:"Waterfalls cascade down Uluru as severe weather brings heavy rain to NT"
2950:"Uluru helicopter crash survivors recall harrowing moments before impact"
1739:
1650:
1637:
1607:
1195:
1180:
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1037:
987:
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by encountering photographs of the forbidden sites in the outside world.
919:
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that the climb to the top by tourists would be stopped was later broken.
487:
430:
1100:, analysis of which indicated deposition from broad shallow high energy
1572:
1544:
1416: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1168:
1164:
1101:
1081:
1077:
1009:
886:
853:
434:
3318:"Australia asks Google to remove images from top of sacred site Uluru"
3217:"They just don't get it: number of tourists climbing Uluru skyrockets"
2700:"Uluru from All Angles: The Modern Controversy of Climbing the Sacred"
1761:
Itjanu (January/February/March) – Sporadic storms can roll in suddenly
746:, population 3,000, which is situated just outside the national park.
3590:
Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features
2764:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2734:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1626:
1599:
1525:
1504:
1069:
1045:
1033:
1013:
976:
877:
Several controversial incidents on top of Uluru in 2010, including a
469:
311:
270:
66:
1613:
Of the 27 mammal species found in the park, six are introduced: the
890:
poll found that 63% of respondents did not support the ban. A 2019
460:. The area around the formation is home to an abundance of springs,
538:
sighted the landmark and named it Ayers Rock in honour of the then
3652:(Monograph). Canberra: Australian Geological Survey Organisation.
3005:"'Please don't climb Uluru': Japanese tourist dies at sacred site"
2663:
Growing Up the Country: The Pitjantjatjara Struggle for Their Land
1633:
1618:
1534:
1521:
1487:
1280:, on top of which their bodies are preserved as boulders. (Page 5)
1218:
1208:
1140:, and unrelated to them. The strata at Uluru are nearly vertical,
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1002:
970:
962:
954:
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tourists in climbing the landmark. The chain was removed in 2019.
683:
614:
569:
3471:"Visitors delight in spotting the rare phenomenon of Uluru Falls"
3112:"People still climbing Uluru despite closure condition being met"
3842:"War in the wild: Australian conservationists battle feral cats"
1576:
1346:
1163:
The similar mineral composition of the Mutitjulu Arkose and the
1148:
The rock was originally sand, deposited as part of an extensive
53:
3618:(5th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Geological Institute.
1080:. The minerals present suggest derivation from a predominantly
993:
The remarkable feature of Uluru is its homogeneity and lack of
923:(Dreaming) beliefs. These areas are the sites of gender-linked
4108:– Australian Department of the Environment and Water Resources
1706:
1622:
1595:
1564:
1385:
1301:
1296:
The Commonwealth Department of Environment's webpage advises:
400:
3332:"Google removes of Uluru climb after it was banned last year"
2870:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
2530:(2001 revised ed.). Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
871:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
479:, also known as the Olgas, are the two major features of the
366:
351:
3917:. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
3292:
Australian Department of the Environment and Water Resources
2396:
Australian Department of the Environment and Water Resources
1240:
As with many sites around Australia, there are stories from
3707:
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
2304:"Place Names Register Extract: Uluru / Ayers Rock"
1735:
789:
In 1983, the Ayers Rock Campground opened, followed by the
527:, although it is used as a local family name by the senior
357:
3086:
Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Management Plan 2010–2020
3034:
Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Management Plan 2010–2020
1284:
Two other accounts are given in Norbert Brockman's (1997)
1120:
Rain water flows off Uluru along channels, marked by dark
2392:"Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Early European history"
801:
in 1985, management of the park was transferred from the
437:
near the centre of Australia in the southern part of the
1378:
warnings of danger, and to finish what they have begun.
1353:) and began inma, while the women gathered and prepared
3989:
Uluru: Looking After Uluru – Kata Tjuta, the Anangu Way
2357:
Australian Dreaming: 40,000 Years of Aboriginal History
967:
Panorama from the top of Uluru, showing a typical gully
27:
Sandstone monolith in the Northern Territory, Australia
3359:"Uluru's waterfalls: The side only 1% of visitors see"
1752:
Wari (June/July) – Cold season bringing morning frosts
1036:(a type of sandstone characterised by an abundance of
840:
On 11 December 1983, the Prime Minister of Australia,
486:
Uluru is one of Australia's most recognisable natural
793:(later renamed Voyages Desert Gardens Hotel) and the
412:
403:
348:
3414:"Waterfalls at Uluru during 'magical' weather event"
2891:"On this day: Aboriginal Australians get Uluru back"
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1349:. The men decorated and raised the ceremonial pole (
363:
354:
133:
4058:
Ayers Rock: Its People, Their Beliefs and Their Art
3587:Quinn, Joyce Ann; Woodward, Susan L., eds. (2015).
3539:
3442:"Tourists spot rare phenomenon of Uluru waterfalls"
562:the Regional Tourism Association in Alice Springs.
397:
360:
317:
307:
297:
289:
280:
264:
252:
239:
234:
149:
129:
124:
85:
75:
65:
60:
41:
3725:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
1128:The Mutitjulu Arkose is about the same age as the
2588:(4th ed.). Canberra: Environment Australia.
2582:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park Plan of Management
913:returning from photo session on Uluru, March 1983
30:"Ayers Rock" redirects here. For other uses, see
3545:Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Map Sheet GS52-8
3251:, 13 November 2019. Tretrieced 13 November 2019.
3137:"Indigenous group wants Uluru stripper deported"
2386:
2384:
2310:. Northern Territory Government. 6 November 2002
1745:Local Aboriginal people recognise five seasons:
1001:surfaces, leading to the lack of development of
2868:"World Heritage and International Significance"
1298:
1273:
1246:
1048:and up to 25% rock fragments; most feldspar is
1032:Uluru is dominantly composed of coarse-grained
773:from Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, April 2007
3162:Hitch, Georgia; Hose, Nick (1 November 2017).
3059:"Australia to ban climbing on Uluru from 2019"
1044:. Average composition is 50% feldspar, 25–35%
975:Close-up view of Uluru's surface, composed of
807:Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service
4162:Tourist attractions in the Northern Territory
3881:
3879:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
2622:, 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
2579:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa Board of Management (2000).
2519:
2517:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
8:
3932:Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government
3915:Yulara Ultraviolet (UV) Index Forecast Graph
3811:
3809:
3650:Uluru & Kata Tjuta: A Geological History
2922:"Uluru October closure creates new headache"
2656:
2654:
2263:Pitjantjatjara § Recognition of sacred sites
1232:Aboriginal Australian religion and mythology
1152:that extended out from the ancestors of the
1072:, invariably replaced to various degrees by
894:poll found that only 44% supported the ban.
523:, with no further particular meaning in the
3891:Climate statistics for Australian locations
3288:"Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Tjukurpa"
2359:. Sydney: Lansdowne Press. pp. 40–41.
2258:List of mountains of the Northern Territory
1701:are used to make tools such as spearheads,
3789:"Uluru tourists return 'cursed' souvenirs"
3674:"Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park – Geology"
2574:
2572:
2527:Uluru: An Aboriginal History of Ayers Rock
1765:
1749:Wanitjunkupai (April/May) – Cooler weather
1269:Uluru: An Aboriginal history of Ayers Rock
1064:, with sorting decreasing with increasing
441:, 335 km (208 mi) south-west of
38:
3469:Martin, James Gabriel (28 October 2020).
2787:"'Spectacular' sunrise platform at Uluru"
2268:Protected areas of the Northern Territory
1476:Learn how and when to remove this message
4167:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
4112:Northern Territory official tourism site
3697:
3695:
3261:Uluru climb banned by traditional owners
2813:"New Uluru view spares desert songlines"
1215:Aboriginal myths, legends and traditions
1104:channels and sheet flooding, typical of
1068:. The rock fragments include subrounded
3274:"Support for closing Uluru to climbing"
2661:Toyne, Phillip; Vachon, Daniel (1984).
2331:"Defining Symbols of Australia - Uluru"
2308:Northern Territory Place Names Register
2295:
514:
382:
3736:, California: ABC-Clio Inc. pp.
316:
306:
296:
288:
279:
7:
1414:adding citations to reliable sources
1300:Many other Tjukurpa such as Kalaya (
639:Europeans arrived in the Australian
4147:Mountains of the Northern Territory
2889:Swallow, Julian (26 October 2010).
1503:Historically, 46 species of native
828:Climbers and a warning sign in 2005
2976:Haskin, Emma (24 September 2019).
2948:Haskin, Emma (29 September 2019).
2706:. Colorado College. Archived from
661:Chief Secretary of South Australia
645:Australian Overland Telegraph Line
540:Chief Secretary of South Australia
25:
3724:Brockman, Norbert C (June 1997).
3648:Sweet, I.P.; Crick, I.H. (1992).
3560:; Campbell, Elizabeth M. (2005).
3223:. 17 October 2018. Archived from
3110:Laughland, Oliver (8 July 2013).
2698:Gamble, Lucy (20 November 2012).
1124:, forming small ponds at the base
1012:making up Uluru as the Mutitjulu
4092:
3385:Weeks, Jonny (15 January 2016).
3263:NT News. Retrieved 11 March 2023
2736:. 7 October 2015. Archived from
2232:
1390:
393:
344:
207:
200:
168:
161:
52:
4022:Hill, Barry (1 November 1994).
3709:. 10 March 2020. Archived from
3188:Terzon, Emilia (25 June 2019).
2920:Wolfe, Natalie (13 July 2019).
2785:Tlozek, Eric (8 October 2009).
2704:Indigenous Religious Traditions
2669:: McPhee Gribble. p. 137.
1632:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
1401:needs additional citations for
812:Since the park was listed as a
726:Aboriginal ownership since 1985
4106:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
3958:Growing Up at Uluru, Australia
3593:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 719–720.
2524:Layton, Robert (August 2001).
2329:National Museum of Australia.
2279:Uluru Statement from the Heart
2218:Source: Bureau of Meteorology
1640:plants are found in the park.
1322:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
534:On 19 July 1873, the surveyor
481:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
293:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
191:Show map of Northern Territory
1:
4152:Sacred mountains of Australia
4132:Australian Aboriginal culture
4024:The Rock: Travelling to Uluru
3728:Encyclopedia of Sacred Places
3357:Jackson, Lisa (19 May 2017).
2101:Average rainfall mm (inches)
1286:Encyclopedia of Sacred Places
803:Northern Territory Government
731:community and Prime Minister
208:
169:
3962:Fortitude Valley, Queensland
3787:Marks, Kathy (12 May 2008).
3762:"Rock theft brings bad luck"
2811:Hall, Lex (8 October 2009).
738:The Aboriginal community of
682:, Aṉangu became involved in
635:Arrival of Europeans (1870s)
579:
3964:: Steve Parish Publishing.
2273:Tietkens expedition of 1889
2248:Death of Azaria Chamberlain
1961:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1891:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1171:episode referred to as the
647:. In separate expeditions,
424:Uluru / Ayers Rock
32:Ayers Rock (disambiguation)
4188:
3987:Breeden, Stanley (2000) .
3566:. Rosenberg. p. 141.
2217:
1768:
1539:Trees at the base of Uluru
1530:black-flanked rock-wallaby
1493:Black-flanked rock-wallaby
1229:
866:Director of National Parks
705:Aboriginals Ordinance 1918
577:
574:View of Uluru from the ISS
506:people, call the landmark
456:of the area, known as the
283:UNESCO World Heritage Site
81:348 m (1,142 ft)
71:863 m (2,831 ft)
29:
3956:Breeden, Stanley (1995).
2417:"Dual Naming of Features"
2355:Issacs, Jennifer (1980).
2253:Indigenous Australian art
2170:
2100:
2030:
1960:
1890:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1316:) and Tjintir-tjintirpa (
690:Aboriginal reserve (1920)
333:
329:
276:
154:
51:
46:
1729:Climate and five seasons
1175:that took place in late
1016:, and it is one of many
4137:Inselbergs of Australia
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1514:common brushtail possum
1084:source, similar to the
852:, or who suffered from
680:depression in the 1930s
468:. Uluru is listed as a
448:Uluru is sacred to the
379:
134:
4142:Monoliths of Australia
1540:
1500:
1357:, storing seed cakes (
1330:
1282:
1259:
1227:
1125:
1018:sedimentary formations
979:
968:
960:
914:
829:
774:
623:
575:
525:Pitjantjatjara dialect
109:25.34500°S 131.03611°E
4101:at Wikimedia Commons
4054:Mountford, Charles P.
4030:: Allen & Unwin.
3895:Bureau of Meteorology
3703:"The Creation Period"
2895:Australian Geographic
2843:"History & Facts"
2730:"Journey to handback"
2552:"History of the park"
1538:
1491:
1230:Further information:
1222:
1201:Alice Springs Orogeny
1119:
974:
966:
959:Uluru rock formations
958:
925:rituals or ceremonies
905:
827:
768:
618:
607:stories of the area.
578:Further information:
573:
224:Show map of Australia
4172:Sandstone formations
4064:: Rigby Publishing.
3997:Simon & Schuster
3993:Roseville Chase, NSW
3563:Australian Landforms
3320:. 24 September 2020.
2740:on 19 September 2020
2496:"Uluru & Yulara"
1821:Record high °C (°F)
1714:adder's tongue ferns
1699:centralian bloodwood
1410:improve this article
1271:, reads as follows:
1262:Creation of the rock
712:Tourism (1936–1960s)
114:-25.34500; 131.03611
3616:Glossary of Geology
3338:. 23 September 2020
2427:on 12 November 2019
2171:Average rainy days
2031:Record low °C (°F)
1705:and bowls. The red
1518:rufous hare-wallaby
1497:Petrogale lateralis
1343:rufous hare-wallaby
814:World Heritage Site
700:Aboriginal reserves
473:World Heritage Site
105: /
3793:New Zealand Herald
3680:on 28 October 2007
3227:on 25 October 2019
3221:Welcome to Country
2823:on 13 October 2009
2639:. 13 November 2019
2476:on 30 October 2008
1693:Trees such as the
1558:great desert skink
1541:
1501:
1310:blue-tongue lizard
1228:
1126:
980:
969:
961:
915:
830:
799:traditional owners
791:Four Seasons Hotel
775:
769:Driving on the A4
696:Northern Territory
624:
593:in the sandstone.
576:
529:traditional owners
519:). This word is a
439:Northern Territory
290:Official name
183:Northern Territory
61:Highest point
4097:Media related to
3600:978-1-61069-446-9
3450:. 22 October 2020
3422:. 21 October 2020
3096:978-0-9807460-1-3
3065:. 1 November 2017
3044:978-0-9807460-1-3
2847:Ayers Rock Resort
2667:Fitzroy, Victoria
2502:. 26 October 2019
2500:Ayers Rock Resort
2222:
2221:
1769:Climate data for
1722:Cenchrus ciliaris
1678:Tjulpun-tjulpunpa
1526:burrowing bettong
1486:
1485:
1478:
1460:
1320:) travel through
1173:Petermann Orogeny
1169:mountain building
782:, to be known as
698:were declared as
466:ancient paintings
464:, rock caves and
454:Aboriginal people
418:) and officially
387:), also known as
337:
336:
221:Uluru (Australia)
16:(Redirected from
4179:
4096:
4083:
4049:
4028:St Leonards, NSW
4018:
3983:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3817:"The Mala story"
3813:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3752:
3751:
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3604:
3584:
3578:
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3554:
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3511:
3509:
3494:
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3487:
3485:
3483:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3419:www.9news.com.au
3410:
3404:
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3399:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
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3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3336:www.9news.com.au
3328:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3294:. Archived from
3284:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3213:
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2964:
2962:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2897:. Archived from
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2819:. Archived from
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2766:. 7 October 2015
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2726:
2720:
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2717:
2715:
2695:
2689:
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2541:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
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2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2469:. Archived from
2460:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2423:. Archived from
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2352:
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2345:
2343:
2341:
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2242:
2240:Mountains portal
2237:
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2235:
2174:
1766:
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1672:
1664:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1418:
1394:
1386:
1158:Petermann Ranges
1052:with only minor
884:A November 2017
771:Lasseter Highway
755:
627:Early settlement
518:
513:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
386:
384:[ˈʊlʊɻʊ]
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
225:
211:
210:
204:
192:
172:
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98:
56:
39:
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4117:
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4090:
4072:
4052:
4038:
4021:
4007:
3986:
3972:
3955:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3934:. 21 March 2012
3926:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3821:Parks Australia
3815:
3814:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3713:on 5 June 2010.
3701:
3700:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3633:
3626:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3542:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3504:. 24 March 2021
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3447:The Independent
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3364:The Independent
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3298:on 7 March 2007
3286:
3285:
3281:
3276:. 23 July 2019.
3272:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3240:
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2172:
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2140:
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2120:
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2110:
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2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1945:
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1935:
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1895:
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1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1731:
1625:, cat, dog and
1482:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1419:
1417:
1407:
1395:
1384:
1382:Flora and fauna
1372:South Australia
1365:). Luunpa (the
1339:
1306:poisonous snake
1294:
1264:
1238:
1226:'s map of Uluru
1217:
1183:times (550–530
1114:
1030:
997:and parting at
953:
945:
900:
822:
763:
750:
728:
714:
692:
637:
629:
613:
582:
568:
559:Yankunytjatjara
544:Sir Henry Ayers
516:[ʊlʊɻʊ]
512:Pitjantjatjara:
511:
496:
413:
396:
392:
347:
343:
285:
230:
229:
228:
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226:
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4088:External links
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3768:. 7 March 2003
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3143:. 27 June 2010
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1318:willie wagtail
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1112:Age and origin
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1086:Musgrave Block
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580:§ Geology
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3887:"Yulara Aero"
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3013:. 4 July 2018
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1437:
1434:
1430:
1427: –
1426:
1422:
1421:Find sources:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1399:This section
1397:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:), Lungkata (
1307:
1303:
1297:
1292:Other stories
1291:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1207:age (400–300
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
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1161:
1159:
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1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1106:alluvial fans
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:cross-bedding
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1022:Amadeus Basin
1019:
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653:William Gosse
650:
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541:
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536:William Gosse
532:
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455:
451:
446:
444:
443:Alice Springs
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:, is a large
425:
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254:Mountain type
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55:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4157:Sacred rocks
4091:
4057:
4023:
3988:
3957:
3950:Bibliography
3936:. Retrieved
3931:
3922:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3890:
3861:
3849:. Retrieved
3845:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3765:
3756:
3727:
3719:
3711:the original
3706:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:the original
3668:
3649:
3615:
3609:
3589:
3582:
3562:
3552:
3544:
3506:. Retrieved
3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3474:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3445:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3417:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:The Guardian
3390:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3362:
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3335:
3326:
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:the original
3291:
3282:
3268:
3256:
3248:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:the original
3220:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3193:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3167:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3140:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3116:The Guardian
3115:
3105:
3085:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3062:
3053:
3033:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3008:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2981:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2953:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2925:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:the original
2894:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2821:the original
2816:
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2790:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2738:the original
2733:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2708:the original
2703:
2693:
2662:
2641:. Retrieved
2636:
2627:
2619:
2612:
2581:
2559:. Retrieved
2555:
2546:
2526:
2504:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2471:the original
2454:
2429:. Retrieved
2425:the original
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:
2356:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2277:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1692:
1655:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1612:
1602:such as the
1588:red kangaroo
1585:
1562:
1542:
1502:
1496:
1495:near Uluru (
1472:
1466:October 2017
1463:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1420:
1408:Please help
1403:verification
1400:
1376:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1340:
1331:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1278:Mount Conner
1274:
1268:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1242:The Dreaming
1239:
1236:The Dreaming
1224:Tony Tjamiwa
1189:
1162:
1150:alluvial fan
1147:
1138:Mount Conner
1130:conglomerate
1127:
1042:conglomerate
1031:
1020:filling the
1007:
992:
982:Uluru is an
981:
946:
933:
918:
916:
885:
883:
876:
869:
863:
859:
846:
839:
831:
811:
788:
776:
748:
737:
729:
715:
703:
693:
669:
657:Kings Canyon
649:Ernest Giles
638:
630:
601:
595:
583:
548:
533:
507:
497:
485:
475:. Uluru and
447:
423:
388:
339:
338:
266:Type of rock
36:
3999:Australia.
3846:Nikkei Asia
3147:14 November
3121:13 November
2927:News.com.au
2340:11 February
1771:Yulara Aero
1615:house mouse
1604:sand goanna
1592:bush turkey
1554:woma python
1326:woma python
1312:), Luunpa (
1190:The arkose
1156:, Mann and
1062:well sorted
1054:plagioclase
1040:) and some
1028:Composition
936:Google Maps
898:Photography
672:pastoralism
665:Henry Ayers
620:Petroglyphs
566:Description
551:dual naming
549:In 1993, a
521:proper noun
321:1987 (11th
318:Inscription
303:v,vi,vii,ix
241:Age of rock
130:Native name
112: /
100:131°02′10″E
87:Coordinates
4121:Categories
3826:3 February
3231:21 October
3201:21 October
3195:ABC Online
3173:1 November
3069:2 November
3010:ABC Online
2989:1 November
2983:ABC Online
2961:1 November
2955:ABC Online
2933:2 November
2852:3 February
2760:"Handback"
2714:1 February
2506:3 February
2286:References
1703:boomerangs
1510:malleefowl
1436:newspapers
1367:kingfisher
1351:Ngaltawata
1337:Mala story
1314:kingfisher
1251:Tjukuritja
1205:Palaeozoic
1134:Kata Tjuta
1066:grain size
1058:subrounded
1050:K-feldspar
943:Waterfalls
879:striptease
754:21 million
597:Kata Tjuta
591:iron oxide
531:of Uluru.
498:The local
477:Kata Tjuta
462:waterholes
389:Ayers Rock
97:25°20′42″S
77:Prominence
47:Ayers Rock
18:Ayers Rock
4056:(1977) .
3851:6 January
3454:6 January
3426:6 January
3398:7 January
3370:7 January
3342:6 January
2905:27 August
2827:8 October
2796:8 October
2770:19 August
2744:19 August
2467:754614279
2431:8 October
2421:NT.gov.au
2401:7 October
1689:– grasses
1681:– flowers
1651:ancestors
1520:or mala,
1355:bush food
1304:), Liru (
1255:Waparitja
1196:feldspars
1192:sandstone
1179:to early
1090:oxidation
984:inselberg
892:Essential
842:Bob Hawke
834:Dreamtime
740:Mutitjulu
733:Bob Hawke
676:bush food
605:Dreamtime
586:sandstone
488:landmarks
428:sandstone
308:Reference
259:Inselberg
187:Australia
150:Geography
67:Elevation
4062:Adelaide
4046:33146858
4015:32470148
3980:34351662
3938:17 April
3508:24 March
3502:ABC News
3482:24 March
3249:ABC News
3168:ABC News
3141:ABC News
3063:BBC News
2791:ABC News
2685:12611425
2643:15 April
2637:ABC News
2620:ABC News
2604:57667136
2226:See also
2173:(≥ 1 mm)
2166:(10.81)
1896:(101.1)
1886:(116.6)
1881:(116.6)
1876:(113.0)
1871:(108.1)
1866:(101.7)
1841:(103.3)
1836:(109.2)
1831:(114.4)
1826:(115.5)
1740:UV index
1673:– shrubs
1646:Tjukurpa
1608:perentie
1581:abundant
1528:and the
1181:Cambrian
1154:Musgrave
1074:chlorite
1038:feldspar
995:jointing
988:monolith
920:Tjukurpa
820:Climbing
622:on Uluru
435:outcrops
431:monolith
420:gazetted
299:Criteria
245:550–530
4080:6844898
3772:3 April
3766:The Age
3684:3 April
3302:3 April
3017:28 July
2480:3 April
2375:6578832
2314:12 July
2161:(1.58)
2156:(1.35)
2151:(0.81)
2146:(0.29)
2141:(0.17)
2136:(0.72)
2131:(0.69)
2126:(0.51)
2121:(0.58)
2116:(1.38)
2111:(1.56)
2106:(1.02)
2096:(25.5)
2091:(49.8)
2086:(43.7)
2081:(40.1)
2071:(28.0)
2066:(25.5)
2061:(28.8)
2056:(34.0)
2051:(34.3)
2046:(46.4)
2041:(53.8)
2036:(54.9)
2026:(57.4)
2021:(69.4)
2016:(65.1)
2011:(59.0)
2006:(51.3)
2001:(42.6)
1996:(39.9)
1991:(42.1)
1986:(48.7)
1981:(57.9)
1976:(66.7)
1971:(71.8)
1966:(72.9)
1956:(86.2)
1951:(97.7)
1946:(95.2)
1941:(90.3)
1936:(83.8)
1931:(74.7)
1926:(68.7)
1921:(68.7)
1916:(75.6)
1911:(85.6)
1906:(93.9)
1901:(98.4)
1861:(95.0)
1856:(88.0)
1851:(97.5)
1846:(96.3)
1665:– trees
1638:endemic
1600:lizards
1573:reptile
1545:mulgara
1505:mammals
1450:scholar
1425:"Uluru"
1165:granite
1142:dipping
1102:fluvial
1098:ripples
1082:granite
1078:epidote
999:bedding
951:Geology
887:NT News
854:vertigo
805:to the
780:airport
761:Tourism
611:History
323:Session
235:Geology
4078:
4068:
4044:
4034:
4013:
4003:
3978:
3968:
3900:14 May
3867:"DIPL"
3798:14 May
3744:
3738:292–93
3656:
3622:
3597:
3570:
3093:
3041:
2874:17 May
2683:
2673:
2602:
2592:
2561:6 July
2534:
2465:
2373:
2363:
1777:Month
1627:rabbit
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1070:basalt
1046:quartz
1034:arkose
1014:Arkose
1010:strata
977:arkose
784:Yulara
744:Yulara
719:ranger
663:, Sir
502:, the
500:Aṉangu
470:UNESCO
458:Aṉangu
452:, the
271:Arkose
138:
125:Naming
4127:Uluru
4099:Uluru
3870:(PDF)
2586:(PDF)
2474:(PDF)
2459:(PDF)
2291:Notes
2213:28.8
2164:274.6
2076:(30)
1816:Year
1695:mulga
1686:Ukiri
1634:flora
1619:camel
1577:frogs
1522:bilby
1457:JSTOR
1443:books
1359:nyuma
1122:algae
1003:scree
929:taboo
850:unfit
684:dingo
508:Uluṟu
433:. It
380:Uluṟu
340:Uluru
215:Uluru
176:Uluru
135:Uluṟu
42:Uluru
4076:OCLC
4066:ISBN
4042:OCLC
4032:ISBN
4011:OCLC
4001:ISBN
3976:OCLC
3966:ISBN
3940:2014
3902:2016
3853:2021
3828:2023
3800:2008
3774:2007
3742:ISBN
3686:2007
3654:ISBN
3620:ISBN
3595:ISBN
3568:ISBN
3510:2021
3484:2021
3456:2021
3428:2021
3400:2021
3372:2021
3344:2021
3304:2007
3233:2019
3203:2019
3175:2017
3149:2020
3123:2015
3091:ISBN
3071:2017
3039:ISBN
3019:2018
2991:2019
2963:2019
2935:2019
2907:2017
2876:2010
2854:2023
2829:2009
2798:2009
2772:2020
2746:2020
2716:2024
2681:OCLC
2671:ISBN
2645:2023
2600:OCLC
2590:ISBN
2563:2021
2532:ISBN
2508:2023
2482:2007
2463:OCLC
2433:2017
2403:2008
2371:OCLC
2361:ISBN
2342:2024
2316:2013
2210:4.7
2207:3.9
2204:2.7
2201:1.4
2198:1.0
2195:1.9
2192:1.6
2189:1.8
2186:1.7
2183:2.0
2180:2.9
2177:3.2
2159:40.2
2154:34.2
2149:20.7
2134:18.4
2129:17.4
2124:13.0
2119:14.7
2114:35.1
2109:39.6
2104:25.8
2094:−3.6
2069:−2.2
2064:−3.6
2059:−1.8
2039:12.1
2034:12.7
2024:14.1
2019:20.8
2014:18.4
2009:15.0
2004:10.7
1979:14.4
1974:19.3
1969:22.1
1964:22.7
1954:30.1
1949:36.5
1944:35.1
1939:32.4
1934:28.8
1929:23.7
1924:20.4
1919:20.4
1914:24.2
1909:29.8
1904:34.4
1899:36.9
1894:38.4
1884:47.0
1879:47.0
1874:45.0
1869:42.3
1864:38.7
1859:35.0
1854:31.1
1849:36.4
1844:35.7
1839:39.6
1834:42.9
1829:45.8
1824:46.4
1813:Dec
1810:Nov
1807:Oct
1804:Sep
1801:Aug
1798:Jul
1795:Jun
1792:May
1789:Apr
1786:Mar
1783:Feb
1780:Jan
1697:and
1670:Puti
1662:Punu
1606:and
1598:and
1579:are
1569:prey
1563:The
1556:and
1543:The
1429:news
1363:mamu
1347:inma
1234:and
1096:and
1076:and
909:and
651:and
584:The
494:Name
414:AIRS
2144:7.4
2139:4.3
2089:9.9
2084:6.5
2079:4.5
2054:1.1
2049:1.3
2044:8.0
1999:5.9
1994:4.4
1989:5.6
1984:9.3
1707:sap
1623:fox
1596:emu
1565:bat
1412:by
1302:emu
1253:or
1211:).
1203:of
1132:at
1056:as
752:A$
422:as
401:ɛər
312:447
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4060:.
4040:.
4026:.
4009:.
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2306:.
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1736:UV
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