765:
56:
704:
105:
231:
747:
all eggs laid in some populations. There appears to be little cost to the incubating female for accepting eggs that are not her own, and indeed she will roll any egg left close to her nest into her clutch. However, if the number of parasitic eggs exceeds six, she is twice as likely to abandon her nest. Females sometimes lay their eggs in the nests of other duck species as well; red-crested pochards are unwitting hosts in some areas.
42:
559:
786:. Though it has a huge range and an extremely large population, there is evidence of precipitous declines in several regions. These reach somewhere in the range of 30â49 per cent over a 23-year period in Europe, for example. In number of countries, its population is decreasing mainly due to the urbanization and transformation of the natural habitats, as well as due to overhunting. Introduced predators, such as the
80:
695:, two species that trample underwater sediment to excavate food. Studies have shown that this behaviour greatly increases the food intake rate of the pochards, as they glean food items that drift away from where the swans are trampling. This rate can be double what it would be if the birds were feeding on their own.
746:
Like many ducks, common pochards suffer a high rate of parasitic egg-laying, a behaviour also known as egg dumping. Studies have shown that as many as 89% of nests in some areas contain one or more eggs not laid by the incubating female. The percentage of parasitic eggs may reach as high as 37% of
755:
predators. Nesting success depends on a number of factors, including the age of the female, her body mass, the date the nest was started, and the size of the clutch. Older, heavier birds are more successful than younger, lighter ones. Smaller, earlier-laid clutches are less likely to be abandoned
735:. The eggs are greenish-grey and broadly oval, measuring 62 mm à 44 mm (2.4 in à 1.7 in) on average. They are incubated by the female and hatch synchronously after around 25 days. When off the nest the female will cover the eggs with down. The young are
801:
A further threat to conservation efforts of this bird is that 75 official languages are spoken across the countries in which it is found, thus scientific knowledge is scattered across those different languages, and collaboration on conservation efforts is more difficult.
2274:
722:
near its centre. This is placed either on the ground within 10 m (33 ft) of the water's edge or in the water with the platform rising above the water's surface. It is always located in dense cover. The female lays one egg daily until her
750:
Levels of nest predation can be high, particularly for nests located in upland areas. Those located on islands, or over water (on artificial platforms) do significantly better, presumably because water deters at least some
667:
These are gregarious birds; they form large flocks in winter, often mixing with other species of diving duck. They are strong fliers; in direct, flapping flight, they can reach speeds of 22â24 m/s (49â54 mph).
774:
543:
The legs and feet are grey in both sexes and all ages. The female's iris is brown, sometimes tending towards yellowish-brown. The juvenile's iris is yellow-olive, but attains its adult colour during the first winter.
647:, where it may also be increasing. While uncommon, individuals are also occasionally seen in the south of England, and small populations are sometimes observed on the River Thames. Large numbers stay overwinter in
2443:
2169:Å tÌovÃÄek, OndÅej; Kreisinger, Jakub; Javůrková, Veronika & Albrecht, Tomáš (July 2013). "High rates of conspecific brood parasitism revealed by microsatellite analysis in a diving duck, the common pochard
790:, have wreaked havoc on some populations. In Poland, for example, one studied population showed a 92 per cent decrease in the 30 years after mink first became established in the area. Birds, including
684:. They feed primarily by diving to retrieve items from under the water's surface; however, they will also upend and dabble at items on the water's surface. They do most of their feeding at night.
600:
The male common pochard is quite similar to the male canvasback, but the latter has an all-dark bill. It is also similar to the redhead, but the latter has a yellow iris and a greyer back.
1744:
Elahi, Rubayet; Islam, Ausraful; Hossain, Mohammad Sharif; Mohiuddin, Khaja; Mikolon, Andrea; Paul, Suman Kumer; Hosseini, Parviez Rana; Daszak, Peter & Alam, Mohammad
Shafiul (2014).
521:. Its weight (which has been reported only for winter birds) ranges from 467 to 1,240 g (16.5 to 43.7 oz). Males average larger and heavier than females. Like most ducks, it is
517:, measuring 42â49 cm (17â19 in) in length, with a wingspan of 72â82 cm (28â32 in). It is stocky and short-tailed, with a sloping forehead and relatively long
2586:
823:, a trematode which was first isolated from the common pochard; it is carried in the gut. In some locations, the common pochard may be an important vector of avian
779:
2651:
493:, meaning "wild"). The common name "pochard" was first applied to the duck in the mid-1500s; its origin and etymology is unknown. It is also sometimes known as
1314:
Negret, Pablo Jose; Atkinson, Scott C.; Woodworth, Bradley K.; Corella Tor, Marina; Allan, James R.; Fuller, Richard A.; Amano, Tatsuya (20 April 2022).
2056:
Petrzelkova, Adela; Klvana, Petr; Albrecht, Tomas & HoÅák, David (June 2013). "Conspecific Brood
Parasitism and Host Clutch Size in Common Pochards
2770:
2547:
446:
in captivity, and these known combinations resemble suspected hybrids seen in the wild, which may share the same parentage. Hybridisations with the
2599:
586:âif she is flushed. The duckling has a short contact call of two to four notes. If distressed, its calls are higher and faster than are those of
1587:"Effect of Incubation Body Mass on Reproductive Success and Survival of Two European Diving Ducks: A Test of the Nutrient Limitation Hypothesis"
1972:
Systema
Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis, Volume I
2677:
1932:
582:
The male is generally silent, though he may whistle softly as part of his courtship display. The female growls softlyâa sound transcribed as
831:
blood vessels. These schistosomes can be transmitted to humans who work or swim in the same wetland areas as the ducks, potentially causing
2800:
2239:
Carbone, C.; Houston, A.I. (August 1994). "Patterns in the diving behaviour of the pochard, Aythya ferina: a test of an optimality model".
1280:
2017. In online publication: "The State of
Breeding Birds of Armenia". TSE NGO, Armenian Bird Census Council. Retrieved on 10 October 2017.
1681:
Carboneras, Carles (1992). "Family
Anatidae (Ducks, Geese and Swans)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
1562:
2560:
2495:
1427:
1989:
1959:
1699:
1315:
2795:
2729:
2508:
389:
220:
2790:
2604:
414:
as the genus for the common pochard was mixed for much of the next century, with some authors leaving the duck in the genus
1922:
2638:
2417:
2347:
2089:
1438:
Albrecht, Tomáš; HoÅák, David; Kreisinger, Jakub; Weidinger, Karel; KlvaÅa, Petr & Michot, Thomas C. (June 2006).
2721:
764:
2656:
2526:
1638:
BrzeziÅski, Marcin; Å»mihorski, MichaÅ; Nieoczym, Marek; Wilniewczyc, Piotr & Zalewski, Andrzej (January 2020).
1586:
2780:
2539:
528:
The male has a chestnut-coloured head and neck, a black breast and tail, and a pale grey body, marked with fine
55:
2785:
2286:
2113:
104:
1518:"Determination of Definitive and Intermediate Hosts of Cercarial Dermatitis-producing Agents in Northern Iran"
1455:
1879:"Alien egg retrieval in common pochard: Do females discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific eggs?"
849:
843:
819:
2132:
1844:
Henningsson, Per; Johansson, L. Christoffer & Hedenström, Anders (January 2010). "How swift are swifts
837:
2394:
2300:
1428:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA): Agreement Text and Annexes
2703:
703:
199:
2565:
1576:
1542:
2734:
2469:
2376:
2358:
1651:
832:
681:
470:
2202:
Thebo, Asma Kanwal; Naz, Saima; Dharejo, Ali
Murtaza; Siyal, Sajid & Birmani, Nadir Ali (2019).
1622:
644:
447:
69:
2630:
2338:
2256:
2190:
2157:
2077:
2044:
2028:
1909:
1901:
1865:
1732:
1669:
1609:
1504:
1467:
1459:
783:
768:
Common pochards are strong fliers, capable of reaching speeds of 22â24 m/s (49â54 mph).
708:
522:
264:
99:
84:
2708:
418:
or assigning it to various other now-defunct genera instead. The common pochard is considered a
2591:
2281:
2690:
2617:
2430:
2219:
2036:
1985:
1955:
1928:
1777:
1695:
1529:
1355:
1337:
855:
612:
and lakes with a metre or more water depth. Pochards breed in much of temperate and northern
2695:
2248:
2182:
2069:
2020:
1893:
1857:
1830:
1767:
1757:
1722:
1659:
1601:
1571:
1496:
1451:
1345:
1327:
688:
640:
443:
435:
430:
of North
America was thought to be a subspecies, but the common pochard is now agreed to be
312:
2716:
2399:
1711:"Effect of Conspecific Brood Parasitism on Host Fitness for Tufted Duck and Common Pochard"
230:
2775:
2664:
1640:"The expansion wave of an invasive predator leaves declining waterbird populations behind"
385:
41:
1553:
1655:
2534:
2521:
1772:
1745:
1350:
732:
621:
537:
427:
397:
2363:
1999:
Mancianti, Francesca; Nardoni, Simona; Mugnaini, Linda; Poli, Alessandro (June 2013).
2764:
2612:
2203:
2186:
2000:
1861:
1480:
1439:
795:
787:
724:
648:
628:
458:
381:
216:
89:
2422:
2260:
2081:
2048:
1913:
1790:
1471:
2148:
Randler, Christoph (March 2008). "Hybrid
Wildfowl in Central Europe: An Overview".
1878:
1746:"Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Haematozoan Parasites in Wetlands of Bangladesh"
791:
719:
692:
572:
558:
478:
419:
156:
2435:
1970:
2513:
2409:
1516:
Athari, Amid; Gohar-Dehi, Shaban & Rostami-Jalilian, Mojtaba (January 2006).
1332:
2643:
2625:
2573:
2332:
1173:
1171:
824:
656:
514:
439:
407:
365:
349:
2747:
2448:
1110:
1108:
2742:
740:
617:
529:
423:
357:
2223:
2073:
1341:
1273:
17:
2482:
2097:
1982:
Wildfowl: An
Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese and Swans of the World
1727:
1710:
828:
814:
736:
715:
474:
431:
116:
2323:
2252:
2040:
1781:
1533:
1359:
392:; this was the first edition which included such names. He called the duck
2500:
1762:
2317:
2204:"A new record and new species of a digenic trematode from common pochard
2001:"Toxoplasma gondii in Waterfowl: The First Detection of this Parasite in
1897:
1835:
1810:
810:
636:
353:
166:
136:
2386:
2194:
2161:
2032:
1905:
1869:
1673:
2669:
2552:
2371:
1736:
1613:
1508:
1463:
806:
677:
632:
466:
369:
1694:. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1664:
1639:
1289:
775:
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
676:
Common pochards feed on plant material (including seeds), small fish,
1585:
Blums, Peter; Mednis, Aivars & Clark, Robert G. (November 1997).
1440:"Factors Determining Pochard Nest Predation along a Wetland Gradient"
752:
652:
613:
402:
361:
176:
126:
2578:
2294:
2024:
1605:
1500:
1162:
874:
872:
388:
to the common pochard in the tenth edition of his landmark treatise
2487:
2461:
1541:
Baird, Spencer F.; Brewer, Thomas M. & Ridgway, Robert (1884).
1517:
2456:
1027:
1025:
928:
926:
889:
887:
763:
702:
609:
540:
is yellow-orange to red, growing brighter in the breeding season.
482:
2474:
1692:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa
1685:. Vol. I: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
2682:
2117:
1384:
1301:
1237:
588:
536:
is dark grey, with a wide blue-grey band across the middle. His
533:
518:
146:
2298:
1177:
1114:
805:
It is the host for a variety of internal parasites, including
728:
327:
324:
1789:
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David & Rasmussen, Pamela (2021).
1408:
410:, and moved the common pochard to that new genus. Uptake of
1809:
Gyimesi, Abel; van Lith, Bart & Nolet, Bart A. (2012).
1095:
1093:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
743:
and can feed themselves. They fledge when aged 50â55 days.
643:
with numbers increasing gradually, and sporadically in the
2150:
Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology
1623:"Ueber Classification, infonderheit de europaischen Vogel"
1396:
772:
The common pochard is one of the species protected by the
321:
1456:
10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2
1975:(in Latin) (10th ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii.
1489:
Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology)
1061:
1059:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
878:
1815:
Doubles Instantaneous Intake Rate of Common Pochards
1372:
1138:
893:
624:, and spend winter in the south and west of Europe.
330:
318:
2307:
315:
1577:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22680358A155473754.en
932:
1709:Dugger, Bruce D. & Blums, Peter (July 2001).
718:of plant material, with a shallow cup lined with
1249:
687:They regularly forage in close association with
552:
1316:"Language barriers in global bird conservation"
1385:Athari, Gohar-Dehi & Rostami-Jalilian 2006
827:, which are harboured in the bird's nasal and
780:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1877:HoÅák, David & KlvaÅa, Petr (June 2009).
8:
2208:(Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Sindh, Pakistan"
1924:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1115:Henningsson, Johansson & Hedenström 2010
513:The common pochard is a plump, medium-sized
1544:The Water Birds of North America, Volume II
1213:
1201:
1189:
2295:
944:
573:Listen to the common pochard on xeno-canto
434:, with no subspecies. It is known to have
229:
78:
54:
40:
31:
2212:Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
2096:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
1834:
1771:
1761:
1726:
1663:
1575:
1481:"Parasitic Laying in Red-Crested Pochard
1349:
1331:
1099:
1084:
1016:
956:
348:in the United Kingdom, is a medium-sized
1980:Madge, Steve & Burn, Hilary (1988).
1954:). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1811:"Commensal Foraging with Bewick's Swans
1031:
905:
992:
980:
968:
868:
731:âis complete. Only then does she begin
1547:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, & Co.
372:, and winters further south and west.
1150:
1065:
501:, or (particularly in the UK) simply
7:
2540:9c6ba619-df36-4b38-a6eb-5a67928e2160
1261:
1225:
1050:
917:
592:ducklings of the same size and age.
489:, meaning "wild game" (derived from
1563:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
608:Their breeding habitat consists of
1444:The Journal of Wildlife Management
1139:Gyimesi, van Lith & Nolet 2012
894:Gill, Donsker & Rasmussen 2021
25:
1946:. Vol. 2: Species accounts (
2771:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2187:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2013.00074.x
1984:. London, UK: Christopher Helm.
1927:. London, UK: Christopher Helm.
1862:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04850.x
1791:"Screamers, ducks, geese, swans"
1750:Journal of Parasitology Research
933:Baird, Brewer & Ridgway 1884
835:. Known blood parasites include
707:Eggs from the collection of the
557:
311:
103:
1552:BirdLife International (2019).
651:, after the birds retreat from
469:mentioned by authors including
1683:Handbook of Birds of the World
1479:Amat, Juan A. (January 1993).
1250:Blums, Mednis & Clark 1997
798:are important nest predators.
356:. It is widespread across the
1:
360:. It breeds primarily in the
2566:common-pochard-aythya-ferina
2277:at VIREO (Drexel University)
2275:Common pochard photo gallery
1690:Cramp, Stanley, ed. (1977).
1522:Archives of Iranian Medicine
1333:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0267151
853:. It is also known to carry
396:. In 1822, German zoologist
2801:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2013:The Journal of Parasitology
1644:Diversity and Distributions
1004:
879:BirdLife International 2019
2817:
1921:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1942:Kear, Janet, ed. (2005).
1886:Annales Zoologici Fennici
1570:: e.T22680358A155473754.
1126:
756:than larger, later ones.
631:, birds breed in eastern
450:have also been reported.
270:
263:
237:
228:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
2287:Internet Bird Collection
2175:Journal of Avian Biology
2074:10.3161/000164513X670052
1850:Journal of Avian Biology
1032:The Wildlife Trusts 2021
760:Conservation and threats
604:Distribution and habitat
376:Taxonomy and systematics
2796:Birds described in 1758
1969:Linnaeus, Carl (1758).
1214:Dugger & Blums 2001
1202:HoÅák & KlvaÅa 2009
1190:Dugger & Blums 2001
1178:Petrzelkova et al. 2013
850:Plasmodium circumflexum
2282:"Common pochard media"
2253:10.1006/anbe.1994.1259
1944:Ducks, Geese and Swans
1362:. Wikidata Q112271116.
1290:BrzeziÅski et al. 2020
844:Haemoproteus nettionis
820:Paramonostomum aythyae
769:
711:
639:, in small numbers in
2791:Birds of North Africa
2704:Paleobiology Database
2135:. The Wildlife Trusts
1728:10.1093/auk/118.3.717
1409:Mancianti et al. 2013
1163:Å tÌovÃÄek et al. 2013
1100:Madge & Burn 1988
1085:Madge & Burn 1988
1017:Madge & Burn 1988
957:Madge & Burn 1988
838:Haemoproteus greineri
782:rates the species as
767:
706:
682:aquatic invertebrates
297:(Linnaeus, 1758)
290:(Linnaeus, 1758)
2535:Fauna Europaea (new)
1898:10.5735/086.046.0301
1836:10.5253/078.100.0109
1302:Albrecht et al. 2006
1238:Albrecht et al. 2006
833:cercarial dermatitis
714:The female builds a
457:is derived from the
1795:IOC World Bird List
1763:10.1155/2014/493754
1656:2020DivDi..26..138B
645:Republic of Ireland
448:red-crested pochard
426:. In the past, the
380:Swedish taxonomist
344:), known simply as
276:Linnaeus, 1758
70:Conservation status
2100:on 8 February 2021
2062:Acta Ornithologica
1375:, p. 151â152.
770:
712:
709:Museum of Toulouse
523:sexually dimorphic
465:, an unidentified
400:created the genus
258: Non-breeding
2758:
2757:
2691:Open Tree of Life
2301:Taxon identifiers
1934:978-1-4081-2501-4
1665:10.1111/ddi.13003
1621:Boie, F. (1822).
1554:"Common Pochard:
1397:Elahi et al. 2014
1373:Thebo et al. 2019
856:Toxoplasma gondii
579:
578:
384:first assigned a
303:
302:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2808:
2781:Birds of Eurasia
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2659:
2647:
2646:
2644:NBNSYS0000000137
2634:
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2621:
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2608:
2607:
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2377:A96692E0C9F7508B
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2353:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2327:
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2296:
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2241:Animal Behaviour
2227:
2198:
2165:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2085:
2052:
1995:
1976:
1965:
1938:
1917:
1883:
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1805:
1803:
1801:
1785:
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1548:
1537:
1512:
1475:
1434:
1432:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1387:, p. 13â14.
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1335:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1274:Common Pochard (
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
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1160:
1154:
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1142:
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990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
882:
876:
817:. These include
727:âtypically 8-10
672:Food and feeding
641:Northern Ireland
561:
553:
499:Eurasian pochard
495:European pochard
444:ferruginous duck
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
298:
291:
284:
283:Gmelin 1788
277:
257:
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233:
211:
108:
107:
87:
82:
81:
58:
44:
32:
21:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2786:Birds of Africa
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
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2233:Further reading
2230:
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2088:
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1998:
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1881:
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1813:Cygnus bewickii
1808:
1799:
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1606:10.2307/1370142
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870:
865:
762:
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616:and across the
606:
598:
596:Similar species
580:
575:
570:
569:
567:Songs and calls
550:
511:
453:The genus name
390:Systema Naturae
386:scientific name
378:
314:
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287:Fuligula ferina
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35:Common pochard
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2269:External links
2267:
2266:
2265:
2247:(2): 457â465.
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2218:(1): 151â154.
2199:
2181:(4): 369â375.
2166:
2156:(1): 143â146.
2145:
2129:
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2086:
2068:(1): 103â108.
2053:
2019:(4): 561â563.
1996:
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1977:
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1918:
1892:(3): 165â170.
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1450:(3): 784â791.
1435:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:, p. 561.
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1306:
1304:, p. 789.
1294:
1292:, p. 144.
1282:
1266:
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1165:, p. 369.
1155:
1153:, p. 567.
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1102:, p. 248.
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1019:, p. 246.
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985:
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937:
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398:Friedrich Boie
377:
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352:in the family
307:common pochard
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246: Breeding
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2058:Aythya ferina
2054:
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2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:Anas clypeata
2004:
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1993:
1991:0-7470-2201-1
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1629:(in German).
1628:
1627:Isis von Oken
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1278:) in Armenia.
1277:
1276:Aythya ferina
1270:
1267:
1264:, p. 21.
1263:
1258:
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1251:
1246:
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1234:
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1227:
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982:
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375:
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341:Aythya ferina
335:
308:
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209:Aythya ferina
204:
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200:Binomial name
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33:
30:
19:
18:Aythya ferina
2308:
2285:
2244:
2240:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2153:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2121:. Retrieved
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2093:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1981:
1971:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1923:
1889:
1885:
1856:(1): 94â98.
1853:
1849:
1845:
1829:(1): 55â62.
1826:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:
1753:
1749:
1718:
1714:
1691:
1682:
1647:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1597:
1593:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1543:
1528:(1): 11â15.
1525:
1521:
1495:(1): 65â70.
1492:
1488:
1483:Netta rufina
1482:
1447:
1443:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1275:
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1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1012:
1000:
993:Jobling 2010
988:
981:Jobling 2010
976:
969:Randler 2008
964:
952:
940:
913:
901:
854:
848:
842:
836:
825:schistosomes
818:
804:
800:
778:(AEWA). The
773:
771:
749:
745:
713:
686:
680:, and other
675:
666:
635:and lowland
626:
607:
599:
587:
583:
581:
566:
556:
542:
527:
512:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
479:species name
462:
454:
452:
420:superspecies
415:
411:
408:diving ducks
406:for various
401:
393:
379:
345:
340:
339:
306:
304:
293:
286:
279:
272:
271:
239:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
157:Anseriformes
29:
2626:NatureServe
2574:iNaturalist
2333:Wikispecies
2009:from Italy"
2003:Anas crecca
1005:Lexico 2021
657:Scandinavia
620:. They are
515:diving duck
509:Description
440:tufted duck
394:Anas ferina
366:Scandinavia
364:regions of
350:diving duck
273:Anas ferina
2765:Categories
2743:Xeno-canto
2139:4 February
2123:4 February
2104:3 February
1800:4 February
1633:: 545â564.
1594:The Condor
1419:References
1151:Cramp 1977
1066:Cramp 1977
829:mesenteric
815:trematodes
784:vulnerable
741:nidifugous
733:incubation
618:Palearctic
436:hybridised
424:canvasback
358:Palearctic
85:Vulnerable
2224:2320-7078
2133:"Pochard"
2114:"Pochard"
2090:"Pochard"
1846:Apus apus
1433:(Report).
1342:1932-6203
1262:AEWA 2018
1226:Amat 1993
1127:RSPB 2021
1051:Kear 2005
918:Boie 1822
811:nematodes
753:mammalian
737:precocial
622:migratory
475:Aristotle
471:Hesychius
432:monotypic
422:with the
280:Anas rufa
240:A. ferina
238:Range of
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
2631:2.103566
2618:22680358
2592:10585295
2475:45510577
2400:22680358
2395:BirdLife
2384:BioLib:
2318:Wikidata
2261:53186922
2195:24035093
2162:25148306
2082:85797129
2049:43056984
2041:23145510
2033:41982461
1914:55736547
1906:23736814
1870:25662918
1782:24587896
1756:: 1â12.
1674:26828519
1534:16649371
1472:85161456
1360:35442973
1320:PLOS One
807:cestodes
699:Breeding
689:Bewick's
678:molluscs
637:Scotland
354:Anatidae
265:Synonyms
217:Linnaeus
167:Anatidae
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
2553:2498255
2423:bob1980
2372:Avibase
1948:Cairina
1773:3918735
1737:4089933
1715:The Auk
1652:Bibcode
1614:1370142
1509:3676412
1464:3803433
1351:9020734
663:Ecology
633:England
627:In the
610:marshes
503:pochard
481:is the
467:seabird
463:aithuia
428:redhead
370:Siberia
346:pochard
173:Genus:
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
63:Female
2776:Aythya
2735:232037
2709:368600
2696:817989
2683:232037
2657:219593
2605:175126
2509:EURING
2488:AYTHFE
2462:compoc
2410:compoc
2352:compoc
2324:Q26742
2259:
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