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850:, ensure adequate men and materiel, and formulate its course of actions and the administrations and relations of the Indian population in southeast Asia and determining Japanese designs in India and his provisional government. In theory, the government itself had the power to levy taxes on the local populace, and to make and enforce laws: in practice, they were enforced by the police force under Japanese control. Indians were willing to pay these taxes at first but became less inclined to do so towards the end of the war when the Provisional Government enacted legislation for higher war-time taxes to fund the INA. During his interrogation after the war, Loganathan admitted that he had only had full control over the islands' vestigial education department, as the Japanese had retained full control over the police force, and in protest, he had refused to accept responsibility for any other areas of Government. He was powerless to prevent the
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1550:, Cleveland, World Pub. Co., p. 93: "The Government of India had hoped, by prosecuting members of the INA, to reinforce the morale of the Indian army. It succeeded only in creating unease, in making the soldiers feel slightly ashamed that they themselves had supported the British. If Bose and his men had been on the right side – and all India now confirmed that they were – then Indians in the Indian army must have been on the wrong side. It slowly dawned upon the Government of India that the backbone of the British rule, the Indian army, might now no longer be trustworthy. The ghost of Subhas Bose, like Hamlet’s father, walked the battlements of the Red Fort (where the INA soldiers were being tried), and his suddenly amplified figure overawed the conference that was to lead to independence."
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British weakness to gain Indian independence. Throughout the existence of Azad Hind, Bose sought to distance himself from
Japanese collaboration and become more self-sufficient but found this difficult since the existence of Azad Hind as a governmental entity had only come about with the support of the Japanese, on whom the government and army of Azad Hind were entirely dependent. Bose, however, is considered a hero by some in present-day India and is remembered as a man who fought fiercely for Indian independence. However, Subhas Chandra Bose had supported Fascism and Nazism before the start of WWII, declaring that India needed "a synthesis of what modern Europe calls socialism and fascism" in a speech in made in Calcutta in 1930.
547:. In defining the tasks of this new political establishment, Subhas declared: "It will be the task of the Provisional Government to launch and conduct the struggle that will bring about the expulsion of the British and their allies from the soil of India." Bose, taking formal command of the demoralised and undermanned Indian National Army from Rash Bose, turned it into a professional army with the help of the Japanese. He recruited Indian civilians living in Japanese-occupied territories of South-east Asia and incorporated vast numbers of Indian POWs from British forces in Singapore, Malaya and Hong Kong to man the brigades of the INA.
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and was no doubt the dominant figure in the
Provisional Government. He exercised virtual authoritarian control over the government and the army. With regards to the government's first issuances of war declarations, the "Cabinet had not been unanimous about the inclusion of the U.S.A. Bose had shown impatience and displeasure – there was never any question then or later of his absolute authority: the Cabinet had no responsibility and could only tender advice..."
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570:) was the Minister in Charge of Women's Organization. She held this position over and above her command of the Rani Jhansi Regiment, a brigade of women soldiers fighting for the Indian National Army. For a regular Asian army, this women's regiment was quite visionary; it was the first of its kind established on the continent. Lakshmi was one of the most popular and prosperous gynaecologists in
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819:; it could not function as a delegate because India had technically fallen outside the jurisdiction of Japan's definition of "Greater East Asia", but Bose gave speeches in opposition to Western colonialism and imperialism at the conference. By the end of the conference, Azad Hind had been given a limited form of governmental jurisdiction over the
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1569:. After returning to India the veterans of the INA posed a difficult problem for the British government. The British feared that a public trial for treason on the part of the INA members might embolden anti-British sentiment and erupt into widespread protest and violence. URL Accessed on 19 August 2006.
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With the siege of Imphal failing, the
Japanese began to shift priority for resource allocation from South Asia to the Pacific, where they were fighting United States troops advancing from island to island against Japanese holdings there. When it had become clear that Bose's plans to advance to Delhi
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It has been argued that the fact that Azad Hind was aligned politically with Japan and the Axis Powers may have had more to do with what Bose saw as a pragmatic approach to Indian independence. Disillusioned with
Congress's non-violent movement, Bose was clearly of the camp that supported exploiting
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The same night that Bose declared the existence of Azad Hind, the government took action to declare war against the United States and
Britain. The government consisted of a Cabinet ministry acting as an advisory board to Subhas Bose, who was given the title "Netaji" (translating roughly to "leader")
542:
Bose arrived in Tokyo on 13 June 1943 and declared his intent to make an assault against the eastern provinces of India in an attempt to oust the
British from control of the subcontinent. Bose arrived in Singapore on 2 July, and in October 1943 formally announced the establishment of the Provisional
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Almost all of the territory of the
Provisional Government lay in the Andaman Islands, although the Provisional Government was allowed some authority over Indian enclaves in Japanese-occupied territories. Provisional Government civil authority was never enacted in areas occupied by the INA; instead,
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before suffering a catastrophic defeat as the Allied forces held, and Allied air dominance and compromised supply lines forced both the
Japanese and the INA to retreat. The existence of Azad Hind was essentially coterminous with the existence of the Indian National Army. While the government itself
538:
Rash Behari Bose, who was already ageing by the time the League was founded, struggled to keep the League organised and failed to secure resources for the establishment of the Indian
National Army. He was replaced as president of the Indian Independence League by Subhas Chandra Bose; there is some
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Left to defend
Rangoon from the British advance without support from the Japanese, the INA was soundly defeated. Bose was suggested to leave Burma to continue his struggle for Indian independence and returned to Singapore before the fall of Rangoon; the government Azad Hind had established on the
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All of these Secretaries and Advisory officials held Ministerial rank in the Provisional Government. The extent of the Provisional Government's day-to-day management of affairs for Azad Hind is not entirely well-documented, so their specific functions as government officials for the state outside
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without the assistance of the Japanese in the winter of 1944–1945. Loganathan was relocated from the Andaman Islands to act as field commander. With the INA garrison about 6,000 strong, he manned the Burmese capital in the absence of any other police force or troops during the period between the
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state in India with the blessings of the Axis powers. Bose believed that parliamentary democracy was unsuitable for India immediately after independence and that a centrally organised, self-sufficient, semi-socialist India under the firm control of a single party was the best course for Indian
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However, INA's most serious, and ultimately fatal, limitations were the reliance on Japanese logistics and supplies and the total air-dominance of the allies, which, along with a supply line deluged by torrential rain, frustrated the INA's and the Japanese bid to take
841:
Once under the jurisdiction of Azad Hind, the islands formed the government's first claims to territory. The islands themselves were renamed "Shaheed" and "Swaraj", meaning "martyr" and "self-rule" respectively. Bose placed the islands under the governorship of
425:. The government of Azad Hind had its own currency, court and civil code, and in the eyes of some Indians, its existence gave a greater importance to the independence struggle against the British. Japan also handed over nominal authority of the
531:. Rash also moved to create a sort of independence army that would assist in driving the British from India – this force would later become the Indian National Army. The second conference, held later that year in Bangkok, invited
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by the British. A number of these prisoners were brought to India and tried by British courts for treason, including a number of high-ranking officers such as Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon. The defence of these individuals from
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Andaman and Nicobar Islands collapsed when the island garrisons of Japanese and Indian troops were defeated by British troops and the islands themselves retaken. Allegedly Bose himself was killed in a plane crash departing from
417:. The government proclaimed authority over Indian civilian and military personnel in Southeast Asian British colonial territory and prospective authority over Indian territory to fall to the Japanese forces and the
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Although Japanese troops saw much of the combat in India against the British, the INA was certainly by itself an effective combat force, having faced British and allied troops and making their mark in the
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in Manipur. The Azad Hind administration took control of this independent Indian territory. Following Moirang, the advancing INA breached the Kohima road, posing a threat to the British positions in both
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The direct origins of Azad Hind can be linked to two conferences of Indian expatriates from across Southeast Asia, the first of which was held in Tokyo in March 1942. At this conference, convened by
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The legacy of Azad Hind is, however, open to judgment. After the war, the Raj observed with alarm the transformation of the perception of Azad Hind from traitors and collaborators to liberators. The
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Azad Hind was recognised as a legitimate state by only a small number of countries limited solely to Axis powers and their allies. Azad Hind had diplomatic relations with nine countries:
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controversy as to whether he stepped down of his own volition or by pressure from the Japanese who needed a more energetic and focused presence leading the Indian nationalists.
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in 1943, though the government continued to be dependent on Japanese support. Immediately after the formation of the provisional government, Free India declared war against the
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attempting to escape to the Soviet Union. The Provisional Government of Free India ceased to exist with the deaths of the Axis, the INA, and the disappearance of Bose in 1945.
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which would run in opposition against Japanese imperialism in Asia during World War II. Bose himself claimed to oppose all manner of colonial practices but claimed Britain as
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This article is about the organisation formed during World War II in Singapore. For the Provisional Government formed by Raja Mahendra Pratap during World War I, see
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departure of the Japanese and the arrival of the British. He was successful in maintaining law and order to the extent that there was not a single reported case of
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superiority in the region, Japanese support for Azad Hind declined, and then fully collapsed with the surrender of Japan to the Americans on 2 September 1945.
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Japanese military authority prevailed and responsibility for administration of occupied areas of India was shared between the Japanese and the Indian forces.
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in "fighting a war for democracy" while refusing to extend the same respect for democracy and equal rights to their colonial subjects in India. Bose opposed
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Azad Hind's military forces in the form of the INA saw some successes against the British and moved with the Japanese army to lay siege to the town of
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towards the end of the war, the limited power of Azad Hind was effectively ended with the surrender of the last major contingent of INA troops in
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The Provisional Government was also constituted and administered by a number of Secretaries and Advisors to Subhas Chandra Bose, including:
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1083:. Col. Gulzara Singh's column had penetrated 250 miles into India. The Azad Brigade advanced, by outflanking the Anglo-American positions.
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of 30 January 1944, where forty-four Indian civilians were shot by the Japanese on suspicion of spying. Many of them were members of the
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government. Some of his ideas would help shape Indian governmental policy in the aftermath of the country's independence from Britain.
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The Jungle, Japanese and the British Commonwealth Armies at War, 1941–45: Fighting Methods, Doctrine and Training for Jungle Warfare
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to participate in the leadership of the League. Bose was living in Germany at the time and made the trip to Japan via submarine.
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At the end of October 1943, Bose flew to Tokyo to participate in the Greater East Asia Conference as an observer to Japan's
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National celebration at the founding of the Provisional National Indian government at the Free India Center, Berlin, with
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after doing his best to protect the islanders from Japanese atrocities during the first two years of the occupation.
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In addition to these setbacks, the INA was faced with a formidable challenge when the troops were left to defend
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1070:. On 18 April 1944 the suicide squad led by Col. Shaukat Malik broke through the British defence and captured
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Unsung Heroes of the Dachau Trials: The Investigative Work of the U.S. Army 7708 War Crimes Group, 1945–1947
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seriously reduced morale, and the Japanese along with the INA forces began their withdrawal from India.
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continued until the civil administration of the Andaman Islands was returned to the jurisdiction of the
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Imperial Japan in 1943 had established a puppet state known as the Provisional Government of Free India
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was established as the first move towards an independent Indian state politically aligned with the
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1736:"Azad Hind Formation Anniversary: Interesting Facts about Azad Hind Fauj and Subhas Chandra Bose"
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Japanese postal authorities prepared stamps for use in the foreshadowed puppet state of Azad Hind
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1947:
Kala Pani. History of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands with a study of India's Freedom Struggle
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Explaining Indian Democracy: The realm of institutions: state formation and institutional change
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1986:"नेताजी की जयंती: यूं अस्तित्व में आई आजाद हिंद फौज, पंजाब के जनरल मोहन सिंह ने की थी स्थापना"
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2037:"Netaji had vision for economic strength of India, was champion of gender equality: Daughter"
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2012:"After Centre's rejection, Netaji tableau to be displayed at Kolkata Republic Day programme"
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Other public administration ministers of the Provisional Government of Free India included:
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as the Head of the State, The Prime Minister and the Minister for War and Foreign Affairs.
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The Springing Tiger: A Study of the Indian National Army and of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
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481:, which was seriously threatened by the INA, charged 300 INA officers with treason in the
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their positions as support ministers for Subhas Chandra Bose is not entirely certain.
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1960:"Azad Hind Formation Anniversary: Facts about Azad Hind Fauj and Subhas Chandra Bose"
1857:"Can we declare Bose as India's first head of the state of a provisional government?"
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1613:. Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society, 23. Cambridge University Press.
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in Singapore with monetary, military and political assistance from Imperial Japan.
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402:. It was established by Indian nationalists in exile during the latter part of the
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from the borders of Burma would never materialise due to the defeat of the INA at
1026:, Britain portrayed him as a controversial figure for his official stance against
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The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines
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Two Annas Token currency, minted in August 1947, in remembrance of the Azad Hind.
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From policemen to revolutionaries: a Sikh diaspora in global Shanghai, 1885–1945
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proclaims the Provisional Government of Free India on 21 October 1943, Singapore
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Indian provisional government in Japanese-occupied Singapore during World War II
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The Indian National Army was represented by Armed Forces ministers, including:
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The troops who manned the brigades of the Indian National Army were taken as
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in the Imphal-Kohima sector. The INA had its first major engagement at the
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Founded on 21 October 1943, the government was inspired by the concepts of
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The Provisional Government of Free India consisted of a Cabinet headed by
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It was a part of the political movement originating in the 1940s outside
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23:. For the military unit raised during World War II in Nazi Germany, see
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Pasricha, Ashu (2008). "The Political Thought of Subhas Chandra Bose".
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Dark green: Controlled territory (with Imperial Japanese assistance)
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Japanese in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Red Sun over Black Water
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Indian areas under the administration of the Provisional Government
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Invasion and Occupation of the Andaman Islands during World War II
503:
492:
1863:. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. he Times Group. 20 October 2018
1831:"Indian National Army : Provisional Government of Azad Hind"
935:
by the British became a central point of contention between the
762:. On the declaration of its formation in occupied Singapore the
4936:
3498:
2802:
2174:
1711:"{Indian National Army: Provisional Government of Azad Hind}"
893:
or of looting during the period from 24 April to 4 May 1945.
1883:"Explained: Why Azad Hind Diwas Is Celebrated On October 21"
2150:"The Last Straw That Broke the Back of the British Empire"
1909:"The Last Straw That Broke the Back of the British Empire"
574:
before she gave up her practice to lead the troops of the
4963:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
2135:. Calcutta, General Printers and Publishers, pp. 229–230.
1333:
Imperial Japan and National Identities in Asia, 1895–1945
862:, Diwan Singh, had already been tortured to death in the
1425:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, pp. 102–103.
1640:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 98.
674:
A. N. Sarkar – the government's official Legal Advisor
474:
is seen as the end of the entire Azad Hind Movement.
1366:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 116.
4879:
4778:
4283:
4085:
3982:
3747:
3684:
3532:
3394:
3314:
3121:
3037:
2928:
2836:
2530:
2410:
2226:
2216:
1515:Das, S. "Indian National Army in South East Asia".
1248:Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Hoeber Rudolph, Susanne (2008).
283:
278:
264:
254:
240:
224:
210:
198:
186:
153:
139:
38:
1446:
1040:working for the abolition of racial discrimination
597:Lt. Col. A. C. Chatterji – The Minister of Finance
1216:Forgotten Armies. The Fall of British Asia 1941–5
953:Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
1929:. Delhi: Manas Publications. pp. 67, 87, 91–95.
1833:. National Archives of Singapore. Archived from
588:– The Minister in Charge of Women's Organization
1949:. Delhi: Eastern Book Corporation, pp. 249–251.
996:, 1942; (right) Subhas Bose shaking hands with
2330:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
2202:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
906:INA defeat and Provisional Government collapse
694:in November 1943, participants left to right:
413:who was also the leader of the government and
5410:States and territories disestablished in 1945
5390:Military history of India during World War II
4948:
3510:
2814:
2186:
988:, the Nazi Minister of Interior, head of the
427:Japanese occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands
8:
594:– The Minister of Broadcasting and Publicity
523:, an Indian expatriate living in Japan, the
1099:and the halt of Japanese armies by British
5405:States and territories established in 1943
4955:
4941:
4933:
4025:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
3517:
3503:
3495:
2821:
2807:
2799:
2223:
2213:
2193:
2179:
2171:
782:Government administration and World War II
770:, sent a note of congratulations to Bose.
379:in October 1943 and has been considered a
126:
35:
1503:, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, p. 331.
873:in eastern India. Plans to march towards
5370:Indian collaborators with Imperial Japan
5084:Reorganized National Government of China
686:
367:, was a short-lived Japanese-controlled
1204:
433:on the Indo-Burma Front. Its army, the
282:
277:
5329:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
5036:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
1611:The Indian Army and the End of the Raj
1440:
1438:
1286:Political ideas and movements in India
817:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
2098:
2096:
1558:
1556:
1511:
1509:
1495:
1493:
1336:. Taylor & Francis. p. 242.
1143:List of Indian independence activists
445:and the allied forces as part of the
394:with the purpose of allying with the
289:8,293 km (3,202 sq mi)
263:
253:
249:
223:
219:
209:
7:
5400:Resistance against the Allied powers
5120:Provisional Government of Free India
1390:
1388:
1386:
1309:. Taylor & Francis. p. 72.
1288:. Allied Publishers; Original from:
1279:
1277:
1243:
1241:
359:Provisional Government of Free India
41:Provisional Government of Free India
27:. For the body created in 1946, see
2508:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1681:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 144–145.
5024:South Chahar Autonomous Government
5012:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
1453:, Delhi: Macmillan India, p.
1401:. Allied Publishers. p. 187.
1138:List of World War II puppet states
14:
2262:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2090:, 16, Concept Publishing Company.
1780:"Azad Hind Formation Anniversary"
1133:Collaboration with Imperial Japan
957:Collaboration with Imperial Japan
823:, which had been captured by the
5385:Japanese occupation of Singapore
5308:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5223:
5210:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5162:
5150:
5138:
5125:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5053:
5041:
5029:
5017:
5005:
5000:East Hebei Autonomous Government
4993:
4981:
3719:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
2919:
2358:Russian Liberation People's Army
2107:"Hindustan Times – Archive News"
1522:"Hindustan Times – Archive News"
1476:Bandyopādhyāẏa, Śekhara (2004).
1117:
974:
965:
543:Government of Free India at the
453:where, under the command of the
441:), went into action against the
371:in India. It was established in
339:
314:
73:
61:
5060:Provisional Government of China
3959:Provisional Government of India
2889:Provisional Government of India
2844:Revolutionary conspiracy of WWI
2370:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
1548:The Last Years of British India
21:Provisional Government of India
2133:Jibanera Smritideepe (Bengali)
2088:Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers
1258:University of California Press
947:Relations with the Axis Powers
515:speaking, on 16 November 1943.
132:Light green: Claimed territory
1:
5048:Shanghai Great Way Government
2431:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1764:. aicc.org.in. Archived from
1046:, Japanese and other Asians.
423:Japanese thrust towards India
5375:Indian independence movement
5334:Greater East Asia Conference
5072:Reformed Government of China
4563:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3844:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
3526:Indian independence movement
3427:Japanese occupation of Burma
1480:. Orient Blackswan, p. 428.
1290:University of Michigan Press
1231:, pp. 67, 87, 91–95; Mathur
941:Indian Independence Movement
837:of the Azad Hind government.
776:Greater East Asia Conference
740:Independent State of Croatia
692:Greater East Asia Conference
100:"Unity, Faith and Sacrifice"
5133:Republic of the Philippines
4753:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
4140:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
3407:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
3210:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2272:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
1188:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
821:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
373:Japanese occupied Singapore
29:Interim Government of India
5431:
5193:Occupied Dutch East Indies
4488:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
4045:Indian Independence League
3762:Partition of Bengal (1947)
3757:Partition of Bengal (1905)
3422:Selarang Barracks incident
2461:First Indian National Army
1546:Edwardes, Michael (1964).
1501:Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
1330:Cribb, R.; Li, N. (2020).
950:
856:Indian Independence League
785:
760:Second Philippine Republic
525:Indian Independence League
92:Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani
18:
5324:
4975:
4663:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
4463:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
4160:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
4040:Indian Home Rule movement
3879:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
3819:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
3457:Malaysian Indian Congress
2917:
2212:
1637:The INA Trial and the Raj
1478:From Plassey to partition
1423:The INA trial and the Raj
835:Unreleased postage stamps
792:India during World War II
671:Sardar Ishar Singh Narula
293:
274:
250:
236:
220:
125:
104:
87:
57:
52:
46:ʻĀrẓī Ḥukūmat-e-Āzād Hind
5303:Occupied Solomon Islands
5291:Occupied Gilbert Islands
5181:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
4902:Indian annexation of Goa
4748:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
4260:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
4030:Indian National Congress
3829:Non-cooperation movement
3412:Special Bureau for India
3047:Indian National Congress
2380:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2325:National Republican Army
2320:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2245:Albanian Fascist Militia
2131:Majumdar, R. C. (1978).
1925:Dasgupta, Jayant (2002)
1807:. nas.sg. Archived from
1421:Singh, Harkirat (2003).
1229:Red Sun over Black Water
1173:Decorations of Azad Hind
1049:Britain accused Bose of
646:Capt. Dilip Singh Siwach
5395:Provisional governments
5230:Occupied British Borneo
4907:Indian Independence Act
4493:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
4468:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
4438:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
4175:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
4155:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
3995:All-India Muslim League
3949:Royal Air Force strikes
3914:Round table conferences
3904:Chittagong armoury raid
3794:Hindu–German Conspiracy
3777:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
3547:Porto Grande de Bengala
3205:Rani of Jhansi Regiment
2950:Indian National Council
2498:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2488:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2473:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
2421:Burma Independence Army
2353:Russian Liberation Army
2315:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
2277:Belarusian Home Defence
2241:Albanian collaborators
1661:Encyclopædia Britannica
1563:Encyclopædia Britannica
1449:Modern India: 1885–1947
1254:Oxford University Press
1193:Hindu–German Conspiracy
943:in the post-war years.
808:Currency issued by the
744:Wang Jingwei Government
736:Italian Social Republic
649:A. M. Sahay – Secretary
576:Rani of Jhansi Regiment
455:Japanese Fifteenth Army
398:to liberate India from
4693:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
4598:Purushottam Das Tandon
3969:Praja Mandala movement
3783:The Indian Sociologist
3158:First Arakan offensive
2483:Malayan Volunteer Army
2349:Russian collaborators
2297:Finnish Defence Forces
2062:"Subhash Chandra Bose"
1945:Mathur, L. P. (1985).
1805:"Indian National Army"
1762:"Indian National Army"
1360:Dunphy, J. J. (2018).
1284:Ghose, Sankar (1975).
1218:. London 2004, p. 325.
1018:, which also included
923:
844:Lt Col A. D Loganathan
838:
825:Imperial Japanese Navy
812:
723:
617:Lt. Col. Guizara Singh
516:
501:
447:Imperial Japanese Army
369:provisional government
266:• Disestablished
204:Provisional government
120:"Auspicious Happiness"
5205:Occupied West Sumatra
4917:Political integration
4658:Shyamji Krishna Varma
4443:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
4388:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
4220:Rettamalai Srinivasan
4180:Mahadev Govind Ranade
3990:All India Kisan Sabha
3954:Coup d'état of Yanaon
3854:Qissa Khwani massacre
3839:Coolie-Begar movement
3654:Second Anglo-Sikh War
3442:India in World War II
3417:Azad Hind Decorations
3349:INA Defence Committee
3163:Hindustan Field Force
2945:Swami Satyananda Puri
2503:Russian Fascist Party
2292:Croatian Armed Forces
2166:Lecture notes on Bose
1579:Moreman, Tim (2013).
1499:Pandit, H. N. (1988)
1036:British racial policy
921:
833:
827:early on in the war.
807:
690:
608:Lt. Col. N. S. Bhagat
507:
496:
5380:Indian National Army
5169:Kingdom of Kampuchea
4743:Veeran Sundaralingam
4698:Tara Rani Srivastava
4633:Sahajanand Saraswati
4523:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
4408:Chandra Shekhar Azad
4313:Alluri Sitarama Raju
4270:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
4225:Sahajanand Saraswati
4145:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
4050:Indian National Army
3894:Dharasana Satyagraha
3799:Champaran Satyagraha
3649:First Anglo-Sikh War
3215:Mohammed Zaman Kiani
2985:Bidadary Resolutions
2830:Indian National Army
2468:Inner Mongolian Army
2456:Indian National Army
2340:Royal Hungarian Army
2335:Romanian Land Forces
2113:on 30 September 2007
1964:www.timesnownews.com
1665:Indian National army
1567:Indian National army
1528:on 30 September 2007
1303:Pant, H. V. (2020).
1153:Indian National Army
852:Homfreyganj massacre
848:Indian National Army
788:Indian National Army
764:Taoiseach of Ireland
632:Lt. Col. Ehsan Qadir
498:Subhash Chandra Bose
435:Indian National Army
419:Indian National Army
5415:Subhas Chandra Bose
5315:Occupied New Guinea
5096:Kingdom of Thailand
4728:V. K. Krishna Menon
4673:Subhas Chandra Bose
4558:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
4553:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
4448:Govind Ballabh Pant
4428:Dayananda Saraswati
4353:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4150:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
4130:Dhondo Keshav Karve
4125:Dayananda Saraswati
4120:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4095:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
3613:Anglo-Maratha Wars
3289:Battle of Irrawaddy
3039:Subhas Chandra Bose
2930:Indian Independence
2513:Takasago Volunteers
2441:Gando Special Force
2365:Security Battalions
2103:The Hindustan Times
1837:on 31 December 2022
1519:. Special Edition.
1517:The Hindustan Times
1445:Sarkar, S. (1983),
1395:Toye, Hugh (1959).
1148:Subhas Chandra Bose
1008:Subhas Chandra Bose
720:Subhas Chandra Bose
605:Lt. Col. Aziz Ahmed
586:Lakshmi Swaminadhan
564:Lakshmi Swaminadhan
557:Subhas Chandra Bose
533:Subhas Chandra Bose
443:British Indian Army
411:Subhas Chandra Bose
256:• Established
231:Subhas Chandra Bose
5255:Occupied Singapore
5243:Occupied Hong Kong
4912:Partition of India
4758:Yashwantrao Holkar
4723:V. O. Chidamabaram
4678:Subramania Bharati
4608:Rahul Sankrityayan
4593:Pritilata Waddedar
4503:Shri Krishna Singh
4403:C. Rajagopalachari
4393:Bidhan Chandra Roy
4378:Bhavabhushan Mitra
4363:Begum Hazrat Mahal
4318:Annapurna Maharana
4190:Muthulakshmi Reddy
4135:G. Subramania Iyer
3834:Christmas Day Plot
3709:Indian nationalism
3659:Sannyasi rebellion
3557:East India Company
3354:Kailash Nath Katju
3299:Surrender of Japan
3294:Battle of Meiktila
3005:Bangkok Conference
2375:Slovene Home Guard
2161:Netaji Subhas Bose
2068:on 14 January 2006
2041:The Economic Times
2016:The Economic Times
1861:The Times of India
1811:on 2 November 2013
1634:Singh, H. (2003).
924:
858:, whose leader in
839:
813:
778:in November 1943.
724:
566:(later married as
545:Cathay Cinema Hall
517:
510:Secretary of State
502:
5347:
5346:
5157:Empire of Vietnam
4930:
4929:
4897:Republic of India
4733:Vallabhbhai Patel
4718:Ubaidullah Sindhi
4618:Ram Prasad Bismil
4513:M. Bhaktavatsalam
4473:Jatindra Nath Das
4398:Bipin Chandra Pal
4333:Babu Kunwar Singh
4303:Achyut Patwardhan
4065:Khudai Khidmatgar
3909:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
3849:Kakori conspiracy
3809:Rowlatt Committee
3772:Direct Action Day
3734:Swadeshi movement
3714:Khilafat Movement
3704:Hindu nationalism
3664:Rebellion of 1857
3587:Anglo-Mysore Wars
3577:Battle of Plassey
3492:
3491:
3364:Tej Bahadur Sapru
3240:Rasammah Bhupalan
3143:Fall of Singapore
3106:Death controversy
3069:Bengal Volunteers
2904:Greater East Asia
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2775:
2631:
2526:
2525:
2414:collaborationists
2390:Wehrmacht foreign
2385:Waffen-SS foreign
2301:
2235:collaborationists
1966:. 21 October 2021
1889:. 21 October 2021
1768:on 23 April 2009.
1742:. 21 October 2021
1677:Cao, Yin (2017).
1647:978-81-269-0316-0
1620:978-0-521-89975-8
1592:978-1-135-76456-2
1464:978-0-333-90425-1
1373:978-1-4766-3337-4
1343:978-1-000-14401-7
1316:978-1-000-07435-2
1267:978-0-19-569365-2
1256:; Original from:
1178:Free India Centre
984:(left) Bose with
361:or, more simply,
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
327:
326:
226:• 1943–1945
212:Head of the state
5422:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5145:French Indochina
5143:
5142:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4934:
4922:Simla Conference
4713:Tiruppur Kumaran
4683:Subramaniya Siva
4638:Sangolli Rayanna
4628:Rash Behari Bose
4568:Nagnath Naikwadi
4478:Jawaharlal Nehru
4423:Dadabhai Naoroji
4418:Chittaranjan Das
4308:A. K. Fazlul Huq
4230:Savitribai Phule
4060:Khaksar movement
4015:Berlin Committee
4000:Anushilan Samiti
3964:Independence Day
3924:Aundh Experiment
3899:Vedaranyam March
3804:Kheda Satyagraha
3789:Singapore Mutiny
3572:Portuguese India
3519:
3512:
3505:
3496:
3374:Jawaharlal Nehru
3284:Battle of Kohima
3279:Battle of Imphal
3133:Battle of Malaya
2990:Tokyo Conference
2980:Rash Behari Bose
2923:
2869:Berlin Committee
2823:
2816:
2809:
2800:
2773:
2629:
2345:Royal Iraqi Army
2299:
2224:
2214:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2157:
2152:. Archived from
2136:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2100:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2064:. Archived from
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1911:. Archived from
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1524:. Archived from
1513:
1504:
1497:
1488:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1452:
1442:
1433:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1245:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1214:& T. Harper
1209:
1163:Azad Hind stamps
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1068:Battle of Imphal
986:Heinrich Himmler
978:
969:
928:prisoners of war
628:A. D. Loganathan
521:Rash Behari Bose
451:Battle of Imphal
343:
342:
331:
330:
318:
317:
311:
310:
295:
294:
206:
130:
111:Shubh Sukh Chain
77:
65:
42:
36:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5249:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5224:
5222:
5217:Occupied Malaya
5211:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5175:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5126:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4965:Empire of Japan
4961:
4931:
4926:
4887:Cabinet Mission
4875:
4779:British leaders
4774:
4763:Yogendra Shukla
4668:Siraj ud-Daulah
4623:Rani Lakshmibai
4613:Rajendra Prasad
4603:R. Venkataraman
4548:Mithuben Petit
4528:Mahadaji Shinde
4508:Lala Lajpat Rai
4343:Bahadur Shah II
4328:Ashfaqulla Khan
4298:Accamma Cherian
4293:Abul Kalam Azad
4285:
4279:
4250:Syed Ahmad Khan
4240:Sister Nivedita
4205:Pandita Ramabai
4200:Niralamba Swami
4165:J. B. Kripalani
4087:
4081:
4020:Ghadar Movement
3978:
3859:Flag Satyagraha
3767:Revolutionaries
3749:
3743:
3686:
3680:
3582:Battle of Buxar
3528:
3523:
3493:
3488:
3437:Masakasu Kawabe
3432:Burma Area Army
3402:Azad Hind Radio
3390:
3369:Bhulabhai Desai
3316:Red Fort trials
3310:
3225:A.D. Loganathan
3124:
3123:Indian National
3117:
3101:Habib-ur-Rahman
3033:
2931:
2924:
2915:
2832:
2827:
2797:
2788:
2551:Italian Albania
2522:
2406:
2231:
2208:
2199:
2156:on 5 June 2003.
2148:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1915:on 5 June 2003.
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1689:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1607:Marston, Daniel
1605:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1374:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1168:Azad Hind Radio
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1012:Empire of Japan
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
981:
980:
979:
971:
970:
959:
949:
908:
899:
798:
786:Main articles:
784:
768:Éamon de Valera
732:Empire of Japan
712:Wan Waithayakon
685:
553:
529:Empire of Japan
513:Wilhelm Keppler
491:
385:Empire of Japan
340:
315:
286:
267:
260:21 October 1943
257:
227:
202:
174:
165:
148:Empire of Japan
135:
133:
121:
119:
99:
83:
82:
81:
78:
70:
69:
66:
48:
43:
40:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5428:
5426:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5305:
5293:
5281:
5279:Occupied Nauru
5269:
5257:
5245:
5233:
5221:
5219:
5207:
5195:
5183:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5122:
5110:
5108:State of Burma
5098:
5086:
5074:
5062:
5050:
5038:
5026:
5014:
5002:
4990:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4703:Tarak Nath Das
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4653:Shuja-ud-Daula
4650:
4645:
4643:Sarojini Naidu
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:Prafulla Chaki
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4533:Mahatma Gandhi
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Vakkom Moulavi
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4185:Mahatma Gandhi
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Jyotirao Phule
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4110:B. R. Ambedkar
4107:
4102:
4100:Ayya Vaikundar
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Cripps Mission
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3824:Noakhali riots
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3687:and ideologies
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3669:Radcliffe Line
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Vellore Mutiny
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3395:Related topics
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:Lakshmi Sahgal
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Subhas Brigade
3187:
3182:
3180:Gandhi Brigade
3177:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:Emilie Schenkl
3071:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Imperial Japan
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:German Albania
2537:
2535:
2533:Axis countries
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2518:Vanguard Youth
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Armistice Army
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2250:Balli Kombëtar
2247:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2210:
2209:
2206:Imperial Japan
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2144:
2143:External links
2141:
2138:
2137:
2124:
2092:
2079:
2053:
2028:
2003:
1977:
1951:
1938:
1918:
1900:
1874:
1848:
1822:
1796:
1771:
1753:
1727:
1715:www.nas.gov.sg
1702:
1687:
1669:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1598:
1591:
1571:
1552:
1539:
1505:
1489:
1469:
1463:
1434:
1414:
1408:978-8184243925
1407:
1382:
1372:
1352:
1342:
1322:
1315:
1295:
1292:. p. 136.
1273:
1266:
1260:. p. 58.
1237:
1220:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Azad Hind Bank
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1112:
1109:
983:
982:
973:
972:
964:
963:
962:
961:
960:
948:
945:
907:
904:
898:
895:
810:Azad Hind Bank
783:
780:
752:State of Burma
716:José P. Laurel
684:
681:
676:
675:
672:
669:
664:
661:
658:
655:
650:
647:
640:
639:
637:Shahnawaz Khan
633:
630:
624:
618:
615:
609:
606:
599:
598:
595:
589:
568:Lakshmi Sahgal
552:
549:
490:
487:
479:British Empire
439:Azad Hind Fauj
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
337:
328:
325:
324:
319:
307:
306:
301:
291:
290:
287:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
272:
271:
270:18 August 1945
268:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
241:Historical era
238:
237:
234:
233:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
200:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
155:
151:
150:
141:
137:
136:
131:
123:
122:
102:
101:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
67:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
50:
49:
44:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5427:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5316:
5306:
5304:
5294:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5267:Occupied Guam
5258:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5234:
5231:
5220:
5218:
5208:
5206:
5196:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5123:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5027:
5025:
5015:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4648:Satyapal Dang
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Nana Fadnavis
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Mangal Pandey
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Khudiram Bose
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Chetram Jatav
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Bhikaiji Cama
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:Bharathidasan
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:Basawon Singh
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Sri Aurobindo
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Ram Mohan Roy
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Narayana Guru
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
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4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
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4118:
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4111:
4108:
4106:
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4101:
4098:
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4028:
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4018:
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4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:Organisations
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Bombay Mutiny
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Indian Legion
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:1928 Protests
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
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3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Rowlatt Bills
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
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3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
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3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:Bombay mutiny
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Burhan-ud-Din
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:Burma theatre
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:Shaukat Malik
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Bahadur Group
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Nehru Brigade
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Indian Legion
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:Azad Hind Dal
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
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2983:
2981:
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2927:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Kabul mission
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
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2700:
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2648:
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2641:
2638:
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2633:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:Baltic states
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Golden Square
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Golden Square
2303:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Blue Division
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:Cham Albanian
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:9788170491385
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
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1757:
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1741:
1737:
1731:
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1712:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1688:9789004344082
1684:
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1657:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:. Routledge.
1584:
1583:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:81-250-2596-0
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:81-269-0316-3
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
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1387:
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1364:
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1339:
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1334:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1307:
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1287:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:, pp. 249–251
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Indian Legion
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:and declared
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Fascist Italy
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:aligned with
1009:
999:
995:
991:
987:
977:
968:
958:
954:
946:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
920:
916:
914:
905:
903:
896:
894:
892:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
864:Cellular Jail
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
836:
832:
828:
826:
822:
818:
811:
806:
802:
797:
793:
789:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:Zhang Jinghui
697:
693:
689:
682:
680:
673:
670:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
645:
644:
643:
638:
634:
631:
629:
625:
623:
619:
616:
614:
613:J. K. Bhonsle
610:
607:
604:
603:
602:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
550:
548:
546:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
511:
506:
499:
495:
489:Establishment
488:
486:
484:
480:
475:
473:
472:death of Bose
469:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:Allied forces
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:Head of state
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:
360:
338:
336:
335:British India
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:British India
320:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
292:
288:
273:
269:
259:
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
229:
215:
213:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
163:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
129:
124:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
97:
93:
90:
86:
76:
64:
56:
51:
47:
37:
34:
30:
26:
25:Indian Legion
22:
5119:
4969:World War II
4892:Constitution
4880:Independence
4767:
4738:Vanchinathan
4368:Bhagat Singh
4323:Annie Besant
4284:Independence
4265:Vinoba Bhave
4074:
4070:Swaraj Party
4009:
3974:Lucknow Pact
3884:Purna Swaraj
3874:Nehru Report
3781:
3685:Philosophies
3673:
3639:Polygar Wars
3567:French India
3552:Dutch Bengal
3542:Colonisation
3481:
3462:INA treasure
3452:William Slim
3383:
3303:
3271:
3264:
3235:Janaki Davar
3230:J.R. Bhonsle
3175:Azad Brigade
3167:
3110:
3094:
3093:
3079:Forward Bloc
3063:Purna Swaraj
3061:
3026:
3017:Hikari Kikan
3010:
3009:
2965:K.P.K. Menon
2940:Pritam Singh
2932:League (IIL)
2908:
2899:Pan Asianism
2742:Soviet Union
2649:
2630:(until 1944)
2395:Afrika Korps
2300:(until 1944)
2154:the original
2132:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:the original
2102:
2087:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1926:
1921:
1913:the original
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1886:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:the original
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1766:the original
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1678:
1672:
1660:
1656:
1636:
1629:
1610:
1601:
1581:
1574:
1562:
1547:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1516:
1500:
1477:
1472:
1448:
1422:
1417:
1397:
1377:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1332:
1325:
1305:
1298:
1285:
1249:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1212:Bayly, C. A.
1207:
1125:India portal
1093:
1085:
1064:
1060:
1055:totalitarian
1048:
1032:hypocritical
1020:Nazi Germany
1005:
998:Adolf Hitler
925:
909:
900:
883:
868:
840:
814:
799:
772:Vichy France
728:Nazi Germany
725:
704:Wang Jingwei
677:
641:
600:
580:
562:Captain Dr.
561:
554:
541:
537:
518:
476:
438:
408:
404:World War II
400:British rule
389:
381:puppet state
377:World War II
363:
362:
358:
356:
304:Succeeded by
303:
298:
285:• Total
245:World War II
179:
170:
161:
144:Puppet state
109:
105:
91:
89:Motto:
88:
45:
33:
5365:Axis powers
5339:Pacific War
4836:Mountbatten
4458:Hemu Kalani
4338:Bagha Jatin
4275:Vivekananda
4035:India House
3919:Act of 1935
3694:Ambedkarism
3562:British Raj
3472:Joyce Lebra
3148:Farrer Park
3138:Mohan Singh
2879:Barkatullah
2874:Bagha Jatin
2849:Rash Behari
2747:Byelorussia
2717:Philippines
2707:Netherlands
2400:Ostlegionen
2219:Axis forces
2072:16 February
1784:Drishti IAS
1532:28 November
1028:imperialism
1016:Axis Powers
937:British Raj
933:prosecution
708:Hideki Tojo
683:Recognition
657:Debnath Das
653:Karim Ghani
421:during the
396:Axis powers
299:Preceded by
180:provisional
5354:Categories
4866:Linlithgow
4806:Chelmsford
4796:Cornwallis
4708:Tatya Tope
4578:Nana Saheb
4483:K. Kamaraj
4433:Dhan Singh
4348:Bakht Khan
4005:Arya Samaj
3939:Quit India
3889:Salt March
3748:Events and
3724:Satyagraha
3339:Shah Nawaz
3250:John Thivy
3200:Tokyo Boys
3057:Sarat Bose
2970:A.M. Sahay
2955:I Fujiwara
2837:Historical
2697:Luxembourg
2046:23 January
2021:23 January
1996:23 January
1992:(in Hindi)
1990:Amar Ujala
1970:23 January
1893:23 January
1887:IndiaTimes
1789:23 January
1746:23 January
1720:23 January
1227:Dasgupta.
1199:References
1103:and later
992:, and the
951:See also:
860:Port Blair
663:A. Yellapa
660:D. M. Khan
622:M.Z. Kiani
592:S. A. Ayer
483:INA trials
199:Government
188:Demonym(s)
176:Port Blair
116:Hindustani
96:Hindustani
5360:Azad Hind
4988:Manchukuo
4841:Wellesley
4826:Dalhousie
4688:Surya Sen
4583:P. Kakkan
4543:Mir Qasim
4518:M. N. Roy
4453:Har Dayal
4286:activists
4115:Baba Amte
4105:Ayyankali
4088:reformers
4010:Azad Hind
3750:movements
3729:Socialism
3477:Hugh Toye
3467:Peter Fay
3447:14th Army
3266:Admin Box
3153:First INA
3095:Azad Hind
3011:Azad Hind
2995:H Iwakuro
2975:S.A. Ayer
2854:Har Dayal
2774:(limited)
2677:Indonesia
2655:Indochina
2605:Manchukuo
2573:Lithuania
2531:Lists by
2436:Gakutotai
2217:Lists by
1740:Firstpost
1697:982651998
1233:Kala Pani
756:Manchukuo
635:Lt. Col.
626:Lt. Col.
620:Lt. Col.
611:Lt. Col.
572:Singapore
551:Ministers
364:Azad Hind
167:Singapore
158:New Delhi
53:1943–1945
4871:Hastings
4831:Bentinck
4055:Jugantar
3699:Gandhism
3359:Asaf Ali
3052:C.R. Das
2779:Thailand
2759:Chechnya
2737:Slovakia
2660:Cambodia
2610:Mongolia
2585:Bulgaria
2478:Makapili
2426:Chinilpa
2412:Japanese
2287:Chetniks
1609:(2014).
1111:See also
1014:and the
939:and the
758:and the
748:Thailand
667:J. Thivy
171:de facto
4967:during
4791:Canning
4210:Periyar
3864:Bardoli
3632:Gwalior
3534:History
3329:Dhillon
3255:Battles
3000:I Kikan
2960:F Kikan
2764:Ukraine
2752:Belarus
2727:Romania
2670:Vietnam
2645:Hungary
2627:Finland
2622:Denmark
2617:Croatia
2580:Belgium
2563:Estonia
2541:Albania
2233:Italian
1815:15 July
1077:Silchar
1072:Moirang
1051:fascism
1044:Burmese
994:Gestapo
891:dacoity
886:Rangoon
879:bombing
468:Rangoon
464:British
459:Moirang
383:of the
375:during
162:de jure
154:Capital
146:of the
106:Anthem:
5130:
4861:Cripps
4856:Outram
4846:Lytton
4811:Curzon
4786:Wavell
4086:Social
3739:Swaraj
3622:Second
3607:Fourth
3597:Second
3334:Sahgal
2864:Chatto
2784:Taiwan
2732:Serbia
2722:Poland
2712:Norway
2702:Malaya
2640:Greece
2635:France
2595:Ceylon
2568:Latvia
2228:German
2117:8 July
1933:
1867:25 May
1841:25 May
1695:
1685:
1644:
1617:
1589:
1484:
1461:
1429:
1405:
1370:
1340:
1313:
1264:
1101:aerial
1097:Imphal
1089:Imphal
1081:Kohima
1006:Since
913:Taiwan
871:Imphal
794:, and
750:, the
730:, the
696:Ba Maw
470:. The
216:
193:Indian
140:Status
108:
4851:Clive
4821:Minto
4816:Ripon
4801:Irwin
4235:Shahu
3627:Third
3617:First
3602:Third
3592:First
3324:CSDIC
3169:Jiffs
3089:U-180
2859:Ghadr
2771:Spain
2692:Korea
2687:Italy
2650:India
2600:China
2590:Burma
2451:Heiho
1105:naval
1042:with
875:Delhi
392:India
4769:more
4076:more
3675:more
3483:more
3385:more
3305:more
3273:U-Go
3125:Army
3112:more
3028:more
2910:more
2682:Iraq
2665:Laos
2493:PETA
2310:Hiwi
2204:and
2119:2007
2074:2006
2048:2022
2023:2022
1998:2022
1972:2022
1931:ISBN
1895:2022
1869:2020
1843:2020
1817:2013
1791:2022
1748:2022
1722:2022
1693:OCLC
1683:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1534:2007
1482:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1079:and
1022:and
955:and
742:and
357:The
279:Area
80:Seal
68:Flag
2230:and
1455:412
5356::
2095:^
2039:.
2014:.
1988:.
1962:.
1885:.
1859:.
1782:.
1738:.
1713:.
1691:.
1663:.
1565:.
1555:^
1508:^
1492:^
1457:,
1437:^
1385:^
1376:.
1346:.
1276:^
1252:.
1240:^
1091:.
990:SS
790:,
766:,
754:,
746:,
738:,
734:,
718:,
714:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
578:.
387:.
4956:e
4949:t
4942:v
3518:e
3511:t
3504:v
2822:e
2815:t
2808:v
2194:e
2187:t
2180:v
2121:.
2076:.
2050:.
2025:.
2000:.
1974:.
1897:.
1871:.
1845:.
1819:.
1793:.
1750:.
1724:.
1699:.
1667:.
1650:.
1623:.
1595:.
1536:.
1411:.
1319:.
1270:.
1000:.
722:.
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182:)
178:(
173:)
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118:)
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98:)
94:(
31:.
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