53:
540:
Yurdawa between Derbi-Taiga and Shivit-Taiga, 225,000 ± 50,000 for
Ploskii, 150,000 ± 50,000 for Kokhemskii, 130,000 ± 40,000 - 110,000 ± 000 for Shivit-Taiga, 75,000 ± 40,000 for Priozernyi, 60,000 ± 40,000 for Sorug-Chushku-Uzu and 48,000 ± 20,000 for Ulug-Arginskii. Some lava flows in the Bii-Khem valley are even younger than the Ulug-Arginskii volcano. It is possible that when eruptions in the Azas Plateau occurred beneath ice, they caused floods of glacial meltwater called
46:
416:
subaqueous activity forms hyaloclastite and when the activity occurs in the air lava flows are formed, including lava deltas. Some of the tuyas in the Azas
Plateau may have formed through complex eruptive processes. Based on the tuyas of the Tuvan field, it has been determined that ice thicknesses in the area exceeded 700 metres (2,300 ft) and that at least three different
539:
volcanism occurred in the southeastern parts of the field. Some dates obtained on edifices in the Azas
Plateau are 725,000 ± 50,000 - 760,000 ± 50,000 years for Derbi-Taiga, 600,000 - 560,000 years for Kadyr-Sugskii, 600,000 - 290,000 for some volcanoes surrounding Derbi-Taiga, 350,000 - 290,000 for
390:
with a lake to the south, and a lava flow from the cone reached 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in length. Shivit-Taiga with a length of over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and a height of 500 metres (1,600 ft) is among the biggest volcanoes in the world that formed beneath ice, but Derby-Taiga may be
415:
which formed on the East Sayan mountains during the
Pleistocene. When volcanoes erupt into ice, the ice melts and volcanic structures named tuyas can form in meltwater lakes. Runny lavas can form such edifices, which tend to have steep slopes, only when trapped within ice. During tuya activity, the
300:
250 metres (820 ft) formed during the Late
Pliocene, when the largest eruptions took place. These flows reached a thickness of approximately 250 metres (820 ft). Nine volcanoes bearing evidence of having formed beneath ice are found in the southeastern part of the field. Volcanoes on the
399:
formed in two craters on the volcano. Shivit-Taiga too is accompanied by a topography that indicates that ancient floods passed there. Kokhemskii is 2,648 metres (8,688 ft) and was affected by glacial erosion. Sorug-Chushku-Uzu 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Shivit-Taiga is 2,525 metres
301:
plateau are about 400–600 metres (1,300–2,000 ft) high and have the form of tables. Ash cones formed on the individual edifices. The lava flows on the table-shaped volcanoes also display rounded hollows. Many volcanoes appear to be part of a lineament. Volcanism may be influenced by
1345:
Komatsu, Goro; Baker, Victor R.; Arzhannikov, Sergei G.; Gallagher, Ronnie; Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.; Murana, Alessio; Oguchi, Takashi (13 July 2015). "Catastrophic flooding, palaeolakes, and late
Quaternary drainage reorganization in northern Eurasia".
432:(127,000 - 71,000 years ago) and by the stage 4 (71,000 - 57,000 years ago) it was continuous over the Azas Plateau. Glacier retreat was underway by the isotope stage 3 (57,000 - 24,000 years ago), when some volcanoes formed in the air.
1323:
Komatsu, Goro; Arzhannikov, Sergei G.; Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.; Ori, Gian
Gabriele (August 2007). "Origin of glacial–fluvial landforms in the Azas Plateau volcanic field, the Tuva Republic, Russia: Role of ice–magma interaction".
1205:
Arzhannikov, S.G.; Braucher, R.; Jolivet, M.; Arzhannikova, A.V. (November 2015). "Late
Pleistocene glaciations in southern East Sayan and detection of MIS 2 terminal moraines based on beryllium (10Be) dating of glacier complexes".
194:
which form by eruptions of volcanoes into ice. Ice meltwater floods may have accompanied this activity. The youngest dated volcanic centre was active 48,000 ± 20,000 years ago, but some lava flows may be even younger.
1375:
Komatsu, Goro; Gabriele Ori, Gian; Ciarcelluti, Paolo; D. Litasov, Yury (January 2004). "Interior layered deposits of Valles
Marineris, Mars: analogous subice volcanism related to Baikal Rifting, Southern Siberia".
1280:
Jolivet, M.; Arzhannikov, S.; Arzhannikova, A.; Chauvet, A.; Vassallo, R.; Braucher, R. (January 2013). "Geomorphic
Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution in the Oka-Jombolok region (East Sayan ranges, Siberia)".
211:
and the Todzha basin. There it covers a surface area of 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) west of Lake Baikal, at an altitude of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). Volcanic landforms include cones,
403:
Some volcanoes have been affected by landsliding, gully formation and glaciation after their formation. Likewise, the field has been affected by erosion, forming deep valleys with glacier deposits.
1302:
Komatsu, Goro; Arzhannikov, Sergei G.; Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.; Ershov, Kirill (August 2007). "Geomorphology of subglacial volcanoes in the Azas Plateau, the Tuva Republic, Russia".
391:
even larger depending on how the size is measured. Shivit-Taiga covers a surface of 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) and is 500 metres (1,600 ft) high. This edifice is a
163:
in Russia. It is also known as East Tuva Plateau, Khamsara-Biykhem Plateau and Northeast Tuva Plateau. It covers a surface area of 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) west of
428:. Non-tuya volcanic ice interaction landforms are also found, such as Albine-Bondok, Charash-Dag and Sagan which are subglacial mounds. Glaciation was already in progress under
1227:
Arzhannikov, Sergei G.; Braucher, Regis; Jolivet, Marc; Arzhannikova, Anastasia V.; Vassallo, Riccardo; Chauvet, Alain; Bourlès, Didier; Chauvet, Frédéric (August 2012).
284:. Together with the Oka Plateau, the Azas Plateau forms the East Sayan province of the Baikal Rift Zone. Activity in the Azas Plateau has been influenced by a tectonic
1397:
Litasov, Yury; Hasenaka, Toshiaki; Litasov, Konstantin; Yarmolyuk, Vladimir; SUGORAKOVA, Amina; LEBEDEV, Vladimir; SASAKI, Minoru; TANIGUCHI, Hiromitsu (2002-03-01).
288:
in the area. The Azas Plateau is the largest lava field in the Tuva volcanic province. The Jom-Bolok volcanic field may be related to the Azas Plateau.
84:
45:
1442:
1457:
77:
1447:
1437:
452:. Other volcanoes in the Baikal Rift Zone have erupted the same rocks. These rocks are alkaline and their texture is
484:
in the more alkaline rocks. The total volume of volcanic rocks is about 600 cubic kilometres (140 cu mi).
358:
315:
1452:
1255:
HASENAKA, Toshiaki; LITASOV, Yury D.; TANIGUCHI, Hiromitsu; MIYAMOTO, Tsuyoshi; FUJIMAKI, Hirokazu (1999-03-01).
1432:
892:
572:
172:
276:
that has raised the terrain as high as 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). Activity in the rift zone started in the
897:
577:
429:
131:
1228:
1399:"Petrologic Characteristics of Cenozoic Alkaline Basalts from the Azas Plateau, Northeast Tuva (Russia)"
355:
also exist. A system of ancient valleys formed by floods are found near to Derbi-Taiga. Ulug-Arginskii (
245:
516:
Volcanic activity in the Azas Plateau commenced during the Late Pliocene. Activity continued into the
347:
and displays a prominent "winged" topography. The hyaloclastite layers were formerly considered to be
260:
in a remote area where access is difficult. The volcanoes were first described between 1850 and 1900.
395:
and it features two craters with diameters of 250 metres (820 ft) and 100 metres (330 ft).
887:
420:
occurred in the field. The tuyas in the Azas plateau have been compared to volcanic edifices in the
121:
1363:
168:
520:. Before volcanism of the Azas Plateau started, volcanism occurred in the Oka plateau. The Azas
1410:
1268:
531:. Later the activity focused on deep-seated lineaments. Volcanic activity between 1.65 - 1.75
302:
273:
1229:"History of late Pleistocene glaciations in the central Sayan-Tuva Upland (southern Siberia)"
453:
1385:
1355:
1333:
1311:
1290:
1243:
1215:
527:
The first volcanic activity beginning 2 million years ago formed voluminous lava flows from
521:
505:
421:
269:
148:
909:
907:
753:
751:
749:
709:
707:
306:
237:
208:
658:
656:
182:
lava plateau. Several volcanoes formed under the influence of ice and are constructed by
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
493:
221:
160:
136:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1029:
1027:
966:
964:
807:
805:
780:
778:
631:
629:
616:
614:
535:
occurred beneath ice in the ancient valleys of the Bii Khem river. In the middle-late
488:
is present in the rocks and gives many tuyas a red colour. Based on geochemistry, the
312:
Individual volcanoes in the Azas Plateau volcanic field include the Derbi-Taiga tuya (
1426:
1367:
589:
587:
544:; corresponding landforms have been found at Derbi-Taiga and Shivit-Taiga volcanoes.
461:
392:
253:
249:
229:
225:
187:
143:
1247:
1337:
1315:
936:
934:
528:
449:
1359:
951:
949:
843:
841:
1294:
1131:
1129:
1104:
1102:
724:
722:
536:
469:
352:
217:
164:
567:
1389:
1219:
541:
532:
241:
213:
183:
1414:
1272:
373:
360:
330:
317:
99:
86:
481:
477:
412:
396:
344:
277:
1256:
517:
501:
497:
485:
473:
441:
386:) is a cone that formed exposed in the air. The cone is accompanied by a
179:
1398:
1176:
1045:
1018:
1006:
913:
757:
713:
662:
465:
417:
281:
204:
1164:
1069:
1057:
994:
832:
635:
620:
1120:
871:
769:
457:
445:
285:
257:
233:
1152:
1033:
982:
970:
811:
784:
698:
674:
593:
34:
East Tuva Plateau, Khamsara-Biykhem Plateau, Northeast Tuva Plateau
489:
940:
647:
605:
1188:
955:
925:
847:
740:
686:
425:
387:
348:
191:
20:
1135:
1108:
1093:
1081:
859:
796:
728:
343:), which is formed by several layers of hyaloclastite and
888:"Azas Plateau: Subfeatures Synonyms & Subfeatures"
444:, volcanic rocks erupted by the Azas Plateau include
167:. Volcanic activity in the area also occurred at the
142:
130:
120:
115:
76:
71:
28:
216:, tuyas, and other volcanic structures including
492:formed at depths of 80 kilometres (50 mi).
351:and reach thicknesses of 8 metres (26 ft).
268:It is part of the Tuva volcanic province of the
1257:"Cenozoic Volcanism in Siberia : A review"
252:, crosses the field. The field lies within the
882:
880:
496:rocks were originally considered to be tuffs.
8:
456:. Minerals contained in the rocks include
25:
552:
296:A large lava field with thicknesses of
562:
560:
558:
556:
7:
411:The Azas Plateau was affected by an
52:
568:"Azas Plateau: General Information"
508:have been found at some volcanoes.
280:and reached its maximum during the
14:
203:The field is located in southern
524:formed in the Miocene-Pliocene.
51:
44:
1283:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
1248:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.005
1338:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.003
1316:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.002
1208:Russian Geology and Geophysics
305:associated with the Jom-Bolok
178:The field is formed by a late
1:
1360:10.1080/00206814.2015.1048314
297:
1348:International Geology Review
1295:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.09.017
1378:Planetary and Space Science
1474:
1236:Quaternary Science Reviews
248:river, a tributary of the
18:
1390:10.1016/j.pss.2003.08.003
1220:10.1016/j.rgg.2015.10.001
38:
33:
893:Global Volcanism Program
573:Global Volcanism Program
173:Jom-Bolok volcanic field
19:Not to be confused with
16:Volcanic field in Russia
1403:Northeast Asian Studies
1261:Northeast Asian Studies
1165:Arzhannikov et al. 2012
1070:Arzhannikov et al. 2015
1058:Arzhannikov et al. 2015
995:Arzhannikov et al. 2015
898:Smithsonian Institution
833:Arzhannikov et al. 2012
636:Arzhannikov et al. 2012
621:Arzhannikov et al. 2012
578:Smithsonian Institution
272:, which is linked to a
430:marine isotope stage 5
400:(8,284 ft) high.
232:. Other landforms are
190:, these are so-called
1443:Pleistocene volcanism
440:Volcanism is overall
407:Effects of glaciation
374:52.38833°N 98.38528°E
331:52.37083°N 98.23556°E
956:HASENAKA et al. 1999
926:HASENAKA et al. 1999
848:HASENAKA et al. 1999
741:HASENAKA et al. 1999
1458:Volcanoes of Russia
1189:Komatsu et al. 2015
1177:Komatsu et al. 2004
1153:Komatsu et al. 2007
1136:Litasov et al. 2002
1121:Jolivet et al. 2013
1109:Litasov et al. 2002
1094:Litasov et al. 2002
1082:Litasov et al. 2002
1046:Komatsu et al. 2004
1034:Komatsu et al. 2007
1019:Komatsu et al. 2004
1007:Komatsu et al. 2004
983:Komatsu et al. 2007
971:Komatsu et al. 2007
941:Komatsu et al. 2007
928:, pp. 264–265.
914:Komatsu et al. 2004
872:Jolivet et al. 2013
860:Litasov et al. 2002
812:Komatsu et al. 2007
797:Litasov et al. 2002
785:Komatsu et al. 2007
770:Jolivet et al. 2013
758:Komatsu et al. 2004
729:Litasov et al. 2002
714:Komatsu et al. 2004
699:Komatsu et al. 2007
687:Komatsu et al. 2015
675:Komatsu et al. 2007
663:Komatsu et al. 2004
648:Komatsu et al. 2007
606:Komatsu et al. 2007
594:Komatsu et al. 2007
370: /
327: /
207:, between the East
96: /
1448:Holocene volcanism
1438:Pliocene volcanism
379:52.38833; 98.38528
336:52.37083; 98.23556
303:strike-slip faults
264:Geological context
72:Highest point
1453:Landforms of Tuva
1354:(14): 1693–1722.
1214:(11): 1509–1521.
1167:, pp. 23–24.
240:left by previous
154:
153:
126:Pliocene-Holocene
100:52.433°N 98.303°E
1465:
1418:
1393:
1384:(1–3): 167–187.
1371:
1341:
1332:(3–4): 352–366.
1319:
1310:(3–4): 312–328.
1298:
1276:
1251:
1233:
1223:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
959:
953:
944:
938:
929:
923:
917:
911:
902:
901:
884:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
836:
830:
815:
809:
800:
794:
788:
782:
773:
767:
761:
755:
744:
738:
732:
726:
717:
711:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
651:
645:
639:
633:
624:
618:
609:
603:
597:
591:
582:
581:
564:
422:Valles Marineris
385:
384:
382:
381:
380:
375:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
342:
341:
339:
338:
337:
332:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
299:
270:Baikal Rift Zone
238:U-shaped valleys
149:Baikal Rift Zone
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
55:
54:
48:
26:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1433:Volcanic fields
1423:
1422:
1421:
1396:
1374:
1344:
1322:
1301:
1279:
1254:
1231:
1226:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:, p. 1712.
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:, p. 1519.
1068:
1064:
1060:, p. 1518.
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
997:, p. 1510.
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
962:
954:
947:
939:
932:
924:
920:
912:
905:
886:
885:
878:
870:
866:
858:
854:
846:
839:
831:
818:
810:
803:
795:
791:
783:
776:
768:
764:
756:
747:
739:
735:
727:
720:
712:
705:
697:
693:
689:, p. 1713.
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
654:
646:
642:
634:
627:
619:
612:
604:
600:
592:
585:
566:
565:
554:
550:
514:
438:
409:
378:
376:
372:
369:
364:
361:
359:
357:
356:
335:
333:
329:
326:
321:
318:
316:
314:
313:
294:
266:
209:Sayan Mountains
201:
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
60:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1394:
1372:
1342:
1320:
1299:
1277:
1252:
1224:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1179:, p. 184.
1169:
1157:
1155:, p. 325.
1140:
1138:, p. 206.
1125:
1123:, p. 120.
1113:
1111:, p. 204.
1098:
1096:, p. 209.
1086:
1084:, p. 207.
1074:
1062:
1050:
1048:, p. 177.
1038:
1036:, p. 318.
1023:
1021:, p. 185.
1011:
1009:, p. 170.
999:
987:
985:, p. 322.
975:
973:, p. 317.
960:
958:, p. 265.
945:
943:, p. 357.
930:
918:
916:, p. 171.
903:
876:
874:, p. 122.
864:
862:, p. 217.
852:
850:, p. 264.
837:
816:
814:, p. 316.
801:
799:, p. 205.
789:
787:, p. 314.
774:
772:, p. 121.
762:
760:, p. 169.
745:
743:, p. 250.
733:
731:, p. 201.
718:
716:, p. 168.
703:
701:, p. 313.
691:
679:
677:, p. 315.
667:
665:, p. 172.
652:
650:, p. 352.
640:
625:
610:
608:, p. 353.
598:
596:, p. 312.
583:
551:
549:
546:
513:
510:
494:Volcaniclastic
437:
434:
408:
405:
293:
290:
265:
262:
230:volcanic vents
226:volcanic necks
222:volcanic dykes
200:
197:
161:volcanic field
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
137:Volcanic field
134:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
113:
112:
105:52.433; 98.303
80:
74:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
50:
49:
43:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1470:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Geomorphology
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Geomorphology
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
899:
895:
894:
889:
883:
881:
877:
873:
868:
865:
861:
856:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
835:, p. 23.
834:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
793:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
766:
763:
759:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
692:
688:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
644:
641:
638:, p. 17.
637:
632:
630:
626:
623:, p. 22.
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
602:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
579:
575:
574:
569:
563:
561:
559:
557:
553:
547:
545:
543:
538:
534:
530:
529:fissure vents
525:
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:clinopyroxene
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
406:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:stratovolcano
389:
383:
354:
350:
346:
340:
310:
308:
304:
292:Geomorphology
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
261:
259:
255:
254:Tuva Republic
251:
250:Yenisei River
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
198:
196:
193:
189:
188:hyaloclastite
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
150:
147:
145:
144:Volcanic belt
141:
138:
135:
133:
132:Mountain type
129:
125:
123:
119:
114:
109:
81:
79:
75:
70:
47:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1406:
1402:
1381:
1377:
1351:
1347:
1329:
1325:
1307:
1303:
1286:
1282:
1264:
1260:
1239:
1235:
1211:
1207:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1116:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
921:
891:
867:
855:
792:
765:
736:
694:
682:
670:
643:
601:
571:
526:
515:
476:-containing
450:trachybasalt
439:
410:
402:
353:Pillow lavas
311:
295:
267:
218:scoria cones
202:
177:
157:Azas Plateau
156:
155:
59:Azas Plateau
29:Azas Plateau
1409:: 201–226.
1289:: 117–133.
1267:: 249–272.
537:Pleistocene
470:plagioclase
436:Composition
377: /
334: /
242:glaciations
214:lava fields
169:Oka Plateau
165:Lake Baikal
122:Age of rock
103: /
78:Coordinates
1427:Categories
548:References
542:Jokulhlaup
512:Chronology
397:Lava lakes
362:52°23′18″N
345:lava flows
319:52°22′15″N
184:lava flows
91:98°18′11″E
88:52°25′59″N
1415:1343-9332
1368:129701943
1273:1343-9332
1242:: 16–32.
504:from the
502:xenoliths
498:Cumulates
482:nepheline
478:magnetite
413:ice sheet
365:98°23′7″E
322:98°14′8″E
278:Oligocene
199:Geography
518:Holocene
486:Hematite
474:titanium
442:basaltic
418:ice ages
246:Bii Khem
180:Pliocene
171:and the
1198:Sources
466:olivine
454:aphyric
282:Miocene
274:hotspot
234:cirques
205:Siberia
116:Geology
1413:
1366:
1271:
522:trough
506:mantle
458:augite
446:basalt
286:graben
258:Russia
244:. The
1364:S2CID
1232:(PDF)
490:magma
349:tuffs
307:fault
192:tuyas
159:is a
1411:ISSN
1269:ISSN
500:and
480:and
448:and
426:Mars
388:maar
236:and
228:and
186:and
21:Azas
1386:doi
1356:doi
1334:doi
1312:doi
1291:doi
1244:doi
1216:doi
533:mya
424:on
256:of
1429::
1405:.
1401:.
1382:52
1380:.
1362:.
1352:58
1350:.
1330:88
1328:.
1308:88
1306:.
1287:62
1285:.
1263:.
1259:.
1240:49
1238:.
1234:.
1212:56
1210:.
1143:^
1128:^
1101:^
1026:^
963:^
948:^
933:^
906:^
896:.
890:.
879:^
840:^
819:^
804:^
777:^
748:^
721:^
706:^
655:^
628:^
613:^
586:^
576:.
570:.
555:^
472:,
468:,
464:,
460:,
309:.
298:c.
224:,
220:,
175:.
1417:.
1407:6
1392:.
1388::
1370:.
1358::
1340:.
1336::
1318:.
1314::
1297:.
1293::
1275:.
1265:3
1250:.
1246::
1222:.
1218::
900:.
580:.
23:.
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