608:
247:
58:
34:
465:
715:
533:
719:
623:
From wireless reports of these commandos behind the
Russian lines, it is possible to determine what actions were taken. It was envisaged to recruit the future civil servants among the prisoners of war of Caucasian nationality, who were in large numbers in the German camps of the North Caucasus. Abbas
615:
In the summer of 1942, the Reich ministries for
Finances, Interior, Foreign Affairs, as well as the RSHA, created a special group, “Sonderstab Kaukasus”. The “Sonderstab” (special staff) was under the aegis of “Unternehmen Zeppelin”. The members of the “Sonderstab” were to organize units of police
1140:
Sotskov Lev
Filippovich Neizvestny Separatizm: At the Service of SD and Abwehr. Excerpts from Testimony of Walter Schellenberg, taken at Nuremberg, Germany, 13 November 1945, Page 1623. Unternehmen Zeppelin: The Deployment of SS Saboteurs and Spies in the Soviet Union, 1942-1945 Perry Biddiscombe
619:
The
Unternehmen Zeppelin had many purposes: creating intelligence groups for the collection and transmission of information from the USSR; advocacy groups for the distribution of social, national, and religious propaganda; rebel groups to organize and conduct a rebellion; and sabotage groups for
439:
Between
November 1943 and January 1944, there was a series of meetings between Meyer-Mader and Muslim volunteers. As a result of these meetings, on 4 January 1944, it was decided to form the Ostmuselmanisches SS-Regiment. At the same meeting, it was decided to disband the following
214:
There were no barracks or permanent housing. The camps were simply open areas fenced off with barbed wire. The prisoners had to lie in the sun, then in mud, and in the fall—with temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees
Celsius—faced the possibility of freezing to
1141:
Europe-Asia
Studies, Vol. 52, No. 6 (Sep. 2000), pp. 1115-1142. Le Caucase dans les Plans Stratégiques de L’Allegmagne 1941-1945 Georges Mamoulia. Alimardanbek Topchubashev: Letters from Paris: Vilayat Kuliev. Baku
607:
206:. All of them were hungry; many were starving. In a mere eight months of 1941-42, the invading German armies killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet POWs through starvation, exposure, and
519:
described
Dirlewanger's unit, which included the Azerbaijani legion, as a "terrifying rabble" of "cut-throats, renegades, sadistic morons, and cashiered rejects from other units".
151:(Muslim Caucasus Legion) and was re-designated 1942 into two separate legions, the North Caucasian legion and the Azerbaijani legion. It was made up mainly of former Azerbaijani
1177:
1192:
444:
battalions who would serve as a basis for a new platform: 450th, 480th, 782nd, 786th, 790th, 791st and I/94th
Turkistanische battalions, Aserbaidschanische 818th and
643:
Unternehmen
Zeppelin was “partially successful”. Most of the Sonderstab members were captured and executed by KGB agents. In his personal archives, a member of the
995:
Dr.K.G.Klietmann, Die Waffen-SS – eine Dokumentation Verlag Der Freiwillige GmbH Osnabrück, 1965, S. 381-382, dort als Turk-Btl.480 bezeichnet, s.a. Neulen, S. 332
624:
Bey Atamalibekov directed the Azerbaijani group. (There is not much information about Atamalibekov. In 1919 he was a member of the Azerbaijani Delegation led by
600:, members of the different Caucasus National Committees, started to set up the core of a State administration and other organizations for the eventuality that
647:, Gerhard Von Mende, gives the number of 348 people of Azerbaijani origin who participated in those operations. It is not known if any one of them were SS.
333:. The most numerous ethnicity among the Muslims that served the Germans were the Turkestanis. The first Turkestani volunteers were integrated as a single
449:
1054:
Rolf Michaelis Die SS-Sturmbrigade „Dirlewanger“. Vom Warschauer Aufstand bis zum Kessel von Halbe. Band II. 1. Auflage. Verlag Rolf Michaelis, 2003,
1038:
Rolf Michaelis Die SS-Sturmbrigade „Dirlewanger“. Vom Warschauer Aufstand bis zum Kessel von Halbe. Band II. 1. Auflage. Verlag Rolf Michaelis, 2003,
453:
258:, where most of them came from the Soviet Union. In December 1941 a top-secret memorandum ordered that the OKW was to create two Muslim units: the
415:
to offer his services to help raise and command a Turkic SS unit. Himmler approved the broad plan and then transferred him into the ranks of the
593:, the foreign intelligence service of the SS. The SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) Georg Greife was responsible for this operation.
1082:
1023:
912:
875:
838:
640:
and Fuad Amirjan in Berlin. He represented Azerbaijani SS in the Azerbaijan National Committee from 1943 to 1945 and then fled to Chile)
550:
338:
246:
1187:
1059:
1043:
797:
751:
572:
345:. Major Andreas Meyer-Mader was appointed as commander of the 444th Battalion. Meyer-Mader, an Austrian, had served on the staff of
291:
431:
approved the plan to raise a Turkic-Muslim SS division and to give his "spiritual leadership" to influence the Muslim volunteers.
661:
1182:
1122:“Sonderstab Kaukasus”. p. 2. Personal records of P. von zur Mühlen Sergei Chuyev. Damned soldiers. Moscow, "YAUZA, EKSMO, 2004
616:
forces to maintain order in the territory of the North Caucasus and would constitute the organization apparatus of the State.
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681:
629:
232:
168:
144:
228:
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350:
199:
423:(Lieutenant Colonel). On 14 December, a meeting was held in Berlin in the presence of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem,
240:
543:
977:
636:. He actively participated in forming national legions from the Soviet prisoners of war in 1942, together with
424:
408:. However, discipline became so bad that Meyer-Mader was removed from command of the 450th Battalion in 1943.
1072:
1004:
Ismayil Akber: Die Azerbaydzhanische Legionare Im kampf Oleg Romanko: Muslim legions of the Second World War
686:
160:
108:
637:
625:
512:
attacked St Lazarus hospital, executed hundreds of patients, doctors, and nurses, before burning it down.
939:
Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in World War II by Lt. Gen Wladyslaw Anders and Antonio Munoz”
904:
393:
250:
Mufti of Jerusalem, Muhammad Amin Al-Husseini, on the day of his meeting with Azerbaijani legionnaires
633:
195:
132:
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857:
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420:
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385:
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803:
793:
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691:
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361:
207:
824:
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342:
259:
174:
The Azerbaijani Legion participated in the systematic killing of between 40,000 and 50,000
33:
981:
671:
464:
346:
124:
644:
597:
516:
484:
397:
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236:
224:
183:
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63:
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volunteers but also volunteers from other peoples in the area. It was part of the
1128:
894:
716:"Сергей Дробязко, Андрей Каращук "Восточные легионы и казачьи части в вермахте""
676:
532:
445:
326:
283:
164:
156:
774:
589:, who became in the middle of May 1943 the Chief of Section E of Amt IV of the
585:
The Unternehmen (operation) Zeppelin was initiated in 1942 by SS-Brigadeführer
448:
831st. Many of the volunteers deserted at this time, and the 818th defected to
405:
389:
322:
223:'s disapproval, who was categorically opposed to any form of participation of
743:
Hitler's renegades : foreign nationals in the service of the Third Reich
341:
in November 1941 and became an auxiliary force to help the Germans fight the
317:
The German courting of the Muslims was part of Hitler's schemes for bringing
948:
The Soviet war against ‘Fifth Columnists’ Jeffrey Burds Vol 42(2), 267–314.
761:
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480:
441:
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334:
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induced German commanders to accept the services of volunteers to fight the
140:
73:
807:
508:. Two hours before midnight on 5 August, the Azerbaijani soldiers and the
741:
468:
Polish civilians murdered during the Wola massacre in Warsaw, August 1944
303:
295:
267:
219:
The foreign Waffen beginnings were shrouded in great secrecy for fear of
203:
787:
557: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
412:
401:
311:
275:
255:
974:
496:, participated in the systematic killing of between 40,000 and 50,000
1016:
The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939-1944
927:
501:
318:
287:
271:
179:
606:
463:
428:
245:
167:, it was organised to replenish the dwindling German manpower on
789:
German rule in Russia, 1941-1945; a study of occupation policies
590:
472:
Azerbaijani soldiers from the legion (111th regiment) under the
330:
611:
One of the posters of the Azerbaijan Legion during World War II
596:
As soon as the German troops had entered the territory of the
526:
152:
38:
Late 1943 pattern of the patch worn by the Azerbaijani Legion
833:. Stroud, England: The History Press. pp. 328, 334.
1074:
Warsaw 1944: Hitler, Himmler, and the Warsaw Uprising
900:
Empire of Destruction: A History of Nazi Mass Killing
830:
Hitler's Foreign Executioners: Europe's Dirty Secret
368:, while 700,000 Azerbaijanis were conscripted into
102:
97:
87:
79:
69:
51:
43:
20:
210:. Conditions in the prison camps were atrocious.
1098:Windrow, Martin & Francis K. Mason (2000).
1159:Hamburg Institute for Social Research (1999).
171:and to "save the German blood at the front."
8:
852:
850:
321:onto his side and to advance control of the
1178:Azerbaijani collaborators with Nazi Germany
163:of the Wehrmacht in 1943. similar to other
928:Hamburg Institute for Social Research 1999
604:would force the passage in Transcaucasia.
364:newspaper, 40,000 Azerbaijanis fought for
32:
975:Hitler ordusunda 40 min azərbaycanlı olub
573:Learn how and when to remove this message
1193:Foreign volunteer units of the Wehrmacht
746:. Staplehurst: Spellmount. p. 123.
143:. It was formed in December 1941 on the
792:. London: Macmillan. pp. 534–538.
707:
1071:Richie, Alexandra (10 December 2013).
819:
817:
139:) was one of the foreign units of the
17:
1100:The World's Greatest Military Leaders
889:
887:
239:even against the clear orders of the
161:162nd (Turkistan) Infanterie-Division
7:
555:adding citations to reliable sources
965:The Devil's Shadow. Stuart Pearson”
657:Azerbaijani SS Volunteer Formations
227:in the war against Russia. But the
638:Abdurahman Fatalibeyli-Dudanginsky
411:In November 1943, Meyer-Mader met
380:The 450th Battalion was raised at
198:produced hundreds of thousands of
194:The sweeping initial victories of
149:Kaukasische-Mohammedanische Legion
14:
1018:. Hippocrene Books. p. 197.
863:The Polish Underground, 1939–1947
292:Kaukasisch-Mohammedanische Legion
662:National Committee of Azerbaijan
531:
419:and promoted him to the rank of
56:
1077:. Macmillan. pp. 292–293.
620:political sabotage and terror.
542:needs additional citations for
388:, and spent most of the summer
376:450th Turkistanisches Battalion
254:Tens of thousands of them were
454:Ukrainian resistance movements
1:
866:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire:
435:Ostmuselmanisches SS-Regiment
1161:The German Army and Genocide
740:Ailsby, Christopher (2004).
682:Reichskommissariat Kaukasien
628:, which participated at the
298:Muslims volunteers; such as
475:SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger
351:National Revolutionary Army
266:Muslim volunteers; such as
1209:
1014:Lukas, Richard C. (2012).
903:. New Haven, Connecticut:
786:Dallin, Alexander (1957).
159:. It was used to form the
47:2 August 1942 – 8 May 1945
1102:. Gramercy. p. 117.
129:Aserbaidschanische Legion
31:
25:Aserbaidschanische Legion
1188:Legions of the Waffen-SS
1125:"Предприятие "Цеппелин""
425:Mohammad Amin al-Husayni
202:, many of whom were not
687:Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli
339:444th Security Division
109:Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli
1183:Azerbaijani war crimes
630:Paris Peace Conference
626:Alimardan Topchubashev
612:
469:
251:
217:
136:
128:
905:Yale University Press
775:On Azerbaijani Legion
610:
467:
421:SS-Obersturmbannührer
249:
212:
858:Williamson, David G.
551:improve this article
523:Unternehmen Zeppelin
196:Operation Barbarossa
868:Pen and Sword Books
667:Free Arabian Legion
587:Walter Schellenberg
241:German High Command
83:up to 40,000 troops
980:2012-03-06 at the
613:
515:British historian
510:Bergmann Battalion
470:
386:General Government
252:
137:Azərbaycan legionu
121:Azerbaijani Legion
21:Azerbaijani Legion
1084:978-0-374-28655-2
1025:978-0-7818-1302-0
914:978-0-300-23405-3
877:978-1-84884-281-6
840:978-0-7524-6393-3
825:Hale, Christopher
692:Israfil Israfilov
583:
582:
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494:Oskar Dirlewanger
362:Argumenty i Fakty
208:summary execution
169:the Eastern front
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1127:. Archived from
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718:. Archived from
712:
578:
571:
567:
564:
558:
535:
527:
343:Soviet partisans
262:, consisting of
260:Turkestan Legion
231:'s needs on the
62:
60:
59:
36:
18:
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1207:
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907:. p. 285.
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870:. p. 168.
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780:
773:
769:
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672:Armenian Legion
653:
579:
568:
562:
559:
548:
536:
525:
462:
437:
378:
347:Chiang Kai-shek
225:Soviet citizens
192:
117:
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57:
55:
39:
22:
12:
11:
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645:Ostministerium
598:North Caucasus
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517:Martin Windrow
478:, an infamous
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394:communications
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1131:on 2009-02-04
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753:1-86227-247-6
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722:on 2009-10-23
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540:This section
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506:Wola massacre
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500:civilians in
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490:SS-Oberführer
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398:rail networks
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370:Soviet armies
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360:According to
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1153:Bibliography
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
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895:Kay, Alex J.
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724:. Retrieved
720:the original
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549:Please help
544:verification
541:
514:
488:
479:
473:
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438:
427:. The Grand
410:
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366:Nazi Germany
359:
355:World War II
316:
300:Azerbaijanis
253:
218:
213:
193:
173:
148:
120:
118:
92:World War II
64:Nazi Germany
24:
15:
677:Ostlegionen
504:during the
446:Volga Tatar
327:Middle East
284:Karakalpaks
229:German army
200:Soviet POWs
182:during the
165:Ostlegionen
157:Ostlegionen
133:Azerbaijani
88:Engagements
1172:Categories
1135:2014-02-08
1109:0517161613
726:2009-10-30
703:References
634:Versailles
563:March 2023
485:penal unit
406:Stalingrad
390:patrolling
384:, then in
323:oil fields
304:Dagestanis
290:, and the
105:commanders
98:Commanders
52:Allegiance
954:0022-0094
602:Wehrmacht
481:Waffen SS
456:in 1943.
442:Wehrmacht
417:Waffen SS
382:Legionowo
335:battalion
296:Caucasian
268:Turkomans
141:Wehrmacht
74:Wehrmacht
978:Archived
897:(2021).
860:(2012).
827:(2011).
762:56341238
651:See also
400:between
487:led by
413:Himmler
402:Kharkiv
353:before
337:of the
325:in the
312:Lezgins
276:Kazakhs
256:Muslims
204:Russian
190:Origins
147:as the
103:Notable
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808:394293
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502:Warsaw
498:Polish
450:Polish
319:Turkey
310:, and
308:Ingush
288:Tajiks
286:, and
280:Kyrgyz
272:Uzbeks
221:Hitler
215:death.
180:Warsaw
176:Polish
125:German
70:Branch
61:
44:Active
1148:Notes
429:Mufti
294:from
1104:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1020:ISBN
950:ISSN
909:ISBN
872:ISBN
835:ISBN
804:OCLC
794:ISBN
758:OCLC
748:ISBN
591:RSHA
452:and
404:and
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