Azerbaijanis in Georgia - Knowledge (XXG)

1039:, and many families ended up owning only 1 to 1.5 hectares of land or less. Although after Mikheil Saakashvili's rise to power in 2004 the ban was lifted, local Azerbaijanis complained of unawareness of the changing laws as the main reason for dissatisfaction and expressed scepticism with regard to the situation improving. As a result, landowners from other parts of the country came to own and rent much of the land (70% according to Azerbaijani non-governmental organisations) that had been formerly in the possession of the Azerbaijani-populated villages and farmer unions. Other problems include corruption of agrarian establishments, land division and distribution, and priority unduly given to large companies, potential voters, and ethnic Georgians. In March 2006, there was an Azerbaijani demonstration held in Marneuli against unfair land privatisation, and several participants were detained. 2578: 1350:

instruction in 120 schools in Tbilisi, Kvemo Kartli and Kakheti, a number which went down from 183 as of 1989. Young Azerbaijanis in Georgia who choose to continue their education often apply to universities in Azerbaijan and thus limit their career prospects in their home country. According to the 2014 census, only 43,579 (18.7%) out of 231,436 Azerbaijanis in Georgia reported being able to speak Georgian fluently, which is nevertheless more than the 1970 (6%) and the 2002 (15%) figure. As of 2002, Russian was the most popular second language for Azerbaijanis, with 75,207 speakers (26%; up from 17% in 1970). At the same time, 934 Azerbaijanis indicated Georgian and 385 indicated Russian as their first language.

1314:. There are 15 public libraries with materials available mainly in the Azerbaijani language across the country. There also exists an Azerbaijani cultural centre in Bolnisi. Three Georgian state newspapers, one in Tbilisi and two in Marneuli, are printed in Azerbaijani, and a newspaper printed in Bolnisi contains a section in Azerbaijani. Five-minute newscasts in Azerbaijani are aired on Georgia's Public Radio on weekdays. In March 2015, a new radio station, AGFM, was launched to broadcast in Azerbaijani on a 24-hour basis. It covers the regions of Tbilisi, Rustavi, Gardabani, Marneuli, Bolnisi, Dmanisi, and Tetritsqaro. Television programs in the Azerbaijani language are broadcast by some regional channels. 1018:

Kartli considered Georgia their homeland, 96% acknowledged that the problems they face are common to citizens countrywide and around 90% linked their futures with Georgia. The percentage of mixed marriages remains one of the lowest in the country. Christian-Muslim intermarriage is much lower than Christian-Christian intermarriage between different ethnic groups: According to 2011 state statistics, there were only 2,229 families in Georgia where one spouse was Georgian and the other one Azerbaijani (compared with 19,325 Georgian–Russian, 15,013 Georgian–Armenian, and 11,501 Georgian–Ossetian marriages).

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in the production of these rugs. Kazakh rugs are all wool, coarsely knotted in the symmetrical knot with a long, lustrous pile, and use strong red, blue, and ivory in bold combinations with relatively simple but dramatic designs. The rugs seldom exceed about 1,7 × 2 metres (5.5 × 7 feet), and many of the smaller pieces are in prayer rug designs. Many show three medallions of approximately equal size, while another common format involves a central square enclosing geometric figures with two smaller squares at each end.

692: 892:, as well as small-scale trade and industry. Farmer unions were assigned relatively small units of land, which, however, gave more output than most state-owned lands elsewhere in Georgia. Factors such as fertile land, the proximity of the capital city, and easy access to major Soviet markets allowed Azerbaijani farmers to enjoy relatively prosperous lives, according to Soviet standards. Azerbaijanis also occupied many top posts in local governments across Kvemo-Kartli. 1229: 1525: 1151:(Azer Suleymanov). There are currently three officially registered large Azerbaijani social organisations, focusing on language instruction, civic education and intercultural communication. However, according to a report by the UN Association of Georgia, Azerbaijani politicians who make it to the national scene often come from Tbilisi and thus maintain weak links with the rural portion of the minority they are supposed to represent. 5578: 1002: 900:. The local Azerbaijani population, accepting of the migrants at first, demanded only to resolve the problem of Azerbaijani representation on the municipal level. The demands were ignored; later the eco-migrants, culturally different from the local population and facing social hardships, were accused of attacks and robbery against the Azerbaijanis, which in turn led to demonstrations, ethnic clashes between 5590: 913:

attachment to their home communities and unwillingness to leave behind well-developed farms as their reason to stay. Furthermore, Georgian-born Azerbaijanis who immigrated to Azerbaijan at various times, including 50,000 Georgian-born spouses of Azerbaijani citizens, reported bureaucratic problems faced in Azerbaijan, with some unable to acquire Azerbaijani citizenship for nearly 20 years.

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general, showed more irregularities which may indicate that the support for the UNM may have actually been lower than reported. Another explanation may be that, owing to the highly Soviet-like voting culture in this region, the voters did not want to be seen as disloyal or that they had come under the influence of local ethnic elites who have enough power to sway voting practices.

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Armenian border guards who, according to them, have advanced 100–150 metres into the Georgian territory and are now in control of a local water reservoir that has been used by farmers for irrigation since 1948. They reportedly harass Azerbaijanis who try to use the reservoir or herd sheep in the nearby area.

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origin who had settled in Tbilisi two decades prior to that. Since the demolition of the Shiite mosque in 1951, the Shiite Azerbaijanis of Tbilisi have attended the Sunni mosque (the only Muslim temple in modern Tbilisi), where the Sunni and Shiite sections were separated by a black curtain. In 1996,

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Plays by Azerbaijani writers were staged in Tbilisi already in 1872. Today Azerbaijani-language plays are staged at the Tbilisi State Azerbaijani Drama Theatre, established in 1922. In addition, the Museum of Azerbaijani Culture in Tbilisi, located in the former house of Mirza Fatali Akhundov, is one

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border often become victims of acts of violence, land and other property seizures and thefts of cattle. Local law enforcement agencies fail to respond adequately to these cases. In 2013, members of Azerbaijani NGOs representing seven villages along the Georgia–Armenia border blamed these incidents on

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and underrepresentation in the country's legislative, executive and judicial powers, mainly due to the language barrier. Emigration and the feeling of alienation decreased in comparison with the early 1990s: according to the 2008 UN Association of Georgia report, 98% of Azerbaijanis surveyed in Kvemo

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In the late 1980s, most ethnic Azerbaijanis occupying local government positions in the Azerbaijani-populated areas were removed from their positions. In 1989, there were changes in the ethnic composition of the local authorities and the resettlement of thousands of eco-migrants who had suffered from

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Kazakh rug — floor covering woven by villagers living in western Azerbaijan and in a number of towns and villages in northern Armenia and the adjacent southern part of Georgia. The weavers are probably mostly Azerbaijanian Turks, although it is clear that both Armenians and Georgians have taken part

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Although able to preserve their linguistic and religious identity, the Azerbaijanis in Georgia have undergone some influences from Georgian culture, such as mourning over the body of the deceased for three days, while Azerbaijanis elsewhere, like most Muslims, generally bury their dead on the day of

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Later, due to changing linguistic policies, universal schooling, and abandonment of older practices, Azerbaijani significantly lost positions to Georgian and Russian. Volkova noted that as of 1976, Azerbaijani was still used as the language of trade between representatives of different ethnic groups

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Historically, Azerbaijanis in Georgia have succeeded in preserving their ethnic identity and have not been touched by ethnic and/or linguistic assimilation processes observed among many other ethnic communities in the country. Natalia Volkova explained this by the large size of the community and its

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criticised Mamaladze for carrying out a smearing campaign against opposition parties and soliciting Azerbaijani votes by spreading rumours that the new government would organise mass deportations of Georgia's Azerbaijani population. Mamaladze left the country soon after Shevardnadze's resignation in

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party seized control of key positions. The Azerbaijanis were assisted by 2,000 mounted volunteers from Borchali. By three o'clock in the afternoon on 27 November 1905 there were already 22 killed and wounded. In response, social democrat labourer activists organised a peaceful rally, calling on both

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In 2014, Azerbaijanis constituted a majority or a significant (over 10%) minority in the towns and villages across the following municipalities: 58 in Marneuli, 43 in Dmanisi, 37 in Bolnisi, 17 in Gardabani, 11 in Sagarejo, 9 in Lagodekhi, 8 in Kaspi, 8 in Tsalka, 7 in Tetritsqaro, 4 in Mtskheta, 3

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The Saakashvili government's educational policy attempted to provide students in majority-Armenian and Azerbaijani areas with improved learning materials and teachers willing to instruct non-native speakers of Georgian. As of 2013, however, the program did not prove very efficient. The standards of

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The language barrier remains a major issue in the integration of the community. Azerbaijanis are not well integrated into Georgian society because many cannot fluently speak the Georgian language. The government has launched various programs and projects in order to help Azerbaijanis integrate into

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In 1995, Shevardnadze appointed Levan Mamaladze governor of the province of Kvemo-Kartli, even though the governor's duties were never clearly outlined in the legislature at the time. Mamaladze reportedly used his power to secure ethnic Azerbaijani votes for Shevardnadze and his political party and

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was introduced. On the other hand, the Law on Civil Service (adopted in 1998, but previously applied selectively) which stipulates that all work be carried out in Georgian, was enforced and, in effect, barred many Armenians and Azerbaijanis who had been schooled in their native languages not only

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makes it harder for Azerbaijanis and other ethnic minorities to be active in many social areas. Such isolation is furthered by the fact that many rural Azerbaijanis prefer to read newspapers published in Azerbaijani and set up satellite dishes in order to be able to watch channels of neighbouring

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There was not much incentive for Azerbaijanis to learn Georgian in Soviet times. Those who chose to pursue post-secondary education in Georgia did so in universities with Russian as the language of instruction, where Georgian was not even offered as a second language course. Since the fall of the

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presidency in the early 1990s, the Azerbaijani-sounding names of 32 villages were changed overnight to Georgian ones by a special decree. Their Azerbaijani population has expressed dissatisfaction with this decision and addressed their concerns in writing to president Mikheil Saakashvili, but the

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and later joined the Alliance for a New Georgia that he had helped form. At the same time, members of the local government were dominated by ethnic Georgians appointed by him, including heads of all majority-Azerbaijani municipalities. In a 2003 interview, then Prime Minister and future President

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across most of the South Caucasus and the surrounding regions, including much of Georgia, with the exception of the Black Sea coastal regions. This mainly had to do with the economic practices of the neighbouring (mainly male) population, such as seasonal work, distant pastoralism, and trade. Up

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In general, the majority-Azerbaijani regions, for the most part, demonstrated satisfaction with the United National Movement (UNM), showing varying support for this party in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 elections. Stephen Jones explains this by the fact that minority-populated electoral districts, in

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Previously not prone to migrating, Azerbaijanis became the second largest emigrating ethnic community in Georgia in the early 1990s, with three-quarters of these mainly rural emigrants leaving for Azerbaijan and the rest for Russia. Unlike other minority groups, many remaining Azerbaijanis cited

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living in the capital city of Tbilisi were forcibly relocated to rural parts of Kvemo Kartli, as persons "deliberately avoiding working in the agricultural sector". Only 31 Azerbaijani families were permitted to stay in Tbilisi, mostly military personnel, handicapped war veterans, and university

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villages in Kvemo Kartli, who constitute the core of Georgia's Azerbaijani population, largely speak little to no Georgian. To Azerbaijanis in Georgia, secondary education is available in their native language, which is a remnant Soviet policy. As of 2015, Azerbaijani serves as the language of

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of the Gazakh school of carpet-weaving, which also encompasses western Azerbaijan and northern Armenia. The rugs of this school are all wool, coarsely knotted in the symmetrical knot with a long, lustrous pile, and use strong red, blue, and ivory in bold combinations with relatively simple but

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After the fall of the Communist regime, large areas of state-owned lands could not be maintained by the Georgian government any longer, and a need for their privatisation arose. Champions of the privatisation law believed that private farming would keep agriculture developing further. However,

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qualified the renaming of Azerbaijani-populated villages as a violation of principles of Article 11 of the Framework Convention, to which Georgia is a signatory, and urged the government of Georgia to co-operate with the local ethnic minority to reintroduce the traditional names.

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Beginning in 2009, Azerbaijanis of Dmanisi have annually held Elat, a summer celebration that historically marked the seasonal migration of Borchali pastoralists from plains into the mountains. The event is attended by tourists from other Azerbaijani-populated parts of Georgia.

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male population of Tetritsqaro would regularly visit the mainly-Azerbaijani populated region of Marneuli for seasonal work as railway workers, miners, guards, and shepherds and used Azerbaijani to communicate with the local population. In the nineteenth century, Georgians of

3699: 1035:. In 1992, privatisation law was passed on certain conditions with regard to the border regions, such as the ban on owning land within 21 kilometres from the state border. Large areas of arable land in Gardabani and Marneuli were thus transferred to the control of the 880:

officers made no distinction between the Azerbaijanis and the key deportation target groups, as together with Kurds and Hamsheni Armenians, they were seen as "Turkish-oriented". In 1949, it was revealed that out of almost 100,000 deportees, 24,304 were Azerbaijanis.

801:, which had already affected and caused violent conflicts and massacres in the rest of the South Caucasus. The Armenian population of the city at the time was 50,000, putting the 1,000 Azerbaijanis in a dangerous situation. Militia units of the Armenian nationalist 3536: 1494:

bridge the communist government ordered the mosque to be demolished. The Sunni mosque was built between 1723 and 1735 by the Ottomans, but it was destroyed in 1740 by reinvading Persians. In 1864, it was restored and headed by the Teregulovs, a family of

731:, with subdivisions of its own, five of which were referred to as the Tatar ranges (the Czarist nomenclature used the word "Tatar" for Azerbaijani), namely Borchali, Pambak, Shuragel, Kazakh, and Shamshadin. In 1868, the latter two became part of the 1853:

The number of Azerbaijanis rose faster than that of most other ethnicities in Georgia during the twentieth century. The information below is based on official figures from the population censūs of 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002 and 2014.

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The number includes Meskhetian Turks. Excluding the population of the regions of Aspindza, Adigeni, Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki recorded as 'Azerbaijani', the Azerbaijani population would number 101,080 persons, or 2.85% of the country's overall

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Potential for Conflict-Related to Land Problems in Georgia’s Marneuli and Gardabani Districts, German Organization for Technical Cooperation, Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development, Tbilisi-Marneuli-Gardabani, 2006, pp.

1396:(a common practice among peoples of the Caucasus aimed at strengthening intercommunal relations) to Azerbaijani families for the duration of their stay on the winter pastures. In addition, tinsmiths and, less often, shepherds from 928:, then president of Azerbaijan, ensured safety for Georgia's Azerbaijani community. However, Jonathan Wheatley characterises Shevardnadze's policy towards Kvemo-Kartli as "benign neglect", pursued through "patron-client linkages". 1391:

would herd their sheep down to the pastures in the Azerbaijani-populated lowlands, where they would spend the winter, which also contributed to their knowledge of Azerbaijani. Some Tush Georgians would give their children up for

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as the Borchali uyezd. The plains of the uyezd were mainly Azerbaijani-populated: out of 63 villages in the Borchali Plain covering 390 square versts (equal to 444 square kilometres) of land, 61 were populated with Azerbaijanis.

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Teachers and principals of schools where Azerbaijani is the language of instruction report problems with the quality of the printed materials, their deficit and the physical condition of rural Azerbaijani-language schools.

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markets. This targeted the economic situation of many Azerbaijanis from the border regions who made a living through unencumbered trade with Azerbaijan and even led to protests against what was seen as "unfair punishment".

998:) reduced the need of knowing the languages of the neighbours, preventing eventual language shift. Volkova noted that as of 1976, cases of assimilation of Azerbaijanis even in the smallest communities were unheard of. 1161:, is one of the drug trafficking hubs in Georgia. Despite the population of the village being only 0.5% of the population of the capital as a whole, 17% of drug-related crimes in Tbilisi are committed in Ponichala. 1217:, the Azerbaijani enlightened reformist, novelist and dramatist, the pioneer of the theatrical performance in the East, lived and contributed to literature in Tiflis in the mid-nineteenth century, along with his 203:(previously known as Tiflis), and smaller communities in other regions. There were some tensions in the late 1980s in the Azerbaijani-populated regions of Georgia; however, they never escalated to armed clashes. 3533: 1404:

in Tetritsqaro, Dmanisi and Marneuli. In 2002, 218 non-Azerbaijanis in Georgia indicated Azerbaijani as their first language and 6,704 more claimed speaking it as a second language. The Soviet census recorded

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The new government's efforts to build a professional army changed the military conscription practices and instead allowed many young Azerbaijanis and Armenians from impoverished regions (at least before the

837:, almost twice as high as for ethnic Georgians as of 1989, as well as a low rate of immigration. Due to this, the numbers of Azerbaijanis rose to make them Georgia's largest minority ethnic group by 2002. 1411:

of central Georgia as speaking Azerbaijani as a first language, in part due to the fact that their original dialect underwent influence from Azerbaijani over the centuries and shifted towards the latter.

1120: 1111:) to Marneuli all in 1947. According to the locals, in the 1960s residents of three villages near Gardabani petitioned to Moscow against the plan of renaming their villages, and the names were kept. 2041:. Excluding the population of the Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki uyezds recorded as 'Azerbaijani', the Azerbaijani population would number 81,811 persons, or 3.05% of the country's overall population. 635:

and the Dmanisi Gorge. Their consolidation led to the formation of the Azerbaijani community. The area populated by ethnic Azerbaijanis today is known as historical Borchali (which in the form

821:, won the parliament election in her constituency, becoming the first democratically elected Muslim woman in the history of the Caucasus and one of only five Georgian female MPs at the time. 1294:

of several such centres in the country and consists of a museum, a library, a cafe, an art gallery and a wine cellar. The Azerbaijani Cultural Centre in Marneuli works closely with the

1274:, among others, spent 30 years of his life living and performing in Tiflis. Tiflis was also the hometown and academic locale for some of the most prominent Azerbaijani singers, such as 1424:

school in 1877. Before the establishment of Soviet power in 1921 and the introduction of compulsory universal education, there had already been 24 such schools across the country.

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ECMI, Implementing the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in Georgia: A feasibility Study, Jonathan Wheatley, ECMI Working Paper 28, October 2006.

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in Gori, 2 in Dedoplistsqaro, 1 in Akhmeta, 1 in Kareli, and 1 in Telavi. Ethnic Azerbaijani villages are also among the largest in the country in terms of population.

3879: 2284:Н. Г. Волкова Азербайджанцы Грузии (По материалам полевых исследований 1973—1976 гг.) // Полевые исследования Института этнографии, 1976. — М.: Наука, 1978. — С. 110. 1055:

The Georgianisation of Georgia's toponymy has been a steady process since the 1930s. It affected placenames of Azerbaijani origin, such as the renaming of Barmaksiz (

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tolerated corruption in the region. According to Jonathan Wheatley, it was on Mamalalze's recommendation that six Azerbaijanis became Members of Parliament in the

798: 2543:. A joint report by the German Organization for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the Caucasus Institute of Peace, Democracy and Development (Tbilisi), 2006; p. 4 833:

rule, Azerbaijanis constituted the third largest ethnic minority in the country (after Armenians and Russians), but their numbers grew constantly due to a high

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tendency to being restricted to a specific geographical area. The other reason was that unlike most of their neighbours, Azerbaijanis historically adhered to

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The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities received reports that ethnic Azerbaijanis living close to the

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Public Registry, Azerbaijani-sounding names of 30 more villages (18 in Marneuli and 12 in Tsalka) were changed to Georgian-sounding ones in 2010–2011.

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Only municipalities with 1,000 or more Azerbaijanis are listed below. The information is based on official figures from the 2014 population census.

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in order to patrol the streets. Following mediation, both sides came to a peaceful agreement on 1 December 1905, and the Borchalians left the city.

527: 1482:, a distinction that is not felt much due to religion not occupying an important part of their everyday lives. Georgia's constitution provides for 3664: 849: 856:-seated government, according to which tens of thousands of residents of the southern border regions of Georgia were to be forcibly relocated to 4272: 4164: 4112: 581: 1445:

the general ability exams considered mandatory and non-mandatory were altered in order to accommodate non-Georgians (for example, the exam on

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Azerbaijani-populated areas of Georgia, mainly the districts of Marneuli, Bolnisi, Gardabani and Sagarejo, are famous for the production of

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of 2008) to be offered real employment opportunities by the Georgian army instead of being dragooned into mandatory military service.

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The first European-style school in Georgia with Azerbaijani as the language of instruction opened in Tiflis in 1847, followed by the

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Azerbaijanis comprise 6.5% of Georgia's population and are the country's largest ethnic minority, inhabiting mostly rural areas like

4105: 3726: 2165: 2078: 1486:, and Azerbaijanis have the opportunity to attend mosques in the country. The largest Shiite mosque in Tbilisi was built in 1524 by 639:

was originally the name of a Turkic tribe that settled there in the seventeenth century). In 1604, during the reign of Safavid shah

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Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006

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and Azerbaijanis, demands for an Azerbaijani autonomy in Borchali and for the expulsion of Svan immigrants from Kvemo-Kartli.

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Allen F. Chew. "An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders". Yale University Press, 1967. pp 74.

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nationalists argued that privatisation of lands populated by ethnic minorities who lived in border regions may lead to

3503: 3471:. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Adopted on 17 June 2015. 5183: 4002: 3982: 3977: 1242: 574: 473: 435: 415: 410: 239: 40: 3788: 3008: 2942:

V. Jaoshvili, P. Zakaraia, V. Japaridze, G. Lomtatidze. Georgian Soviet Encyclopædia. V. 3, p. 593, Tbilisi, 1978

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The city of Tbilisi, or Tiflis, is known as one of the important centres for Azerbaijanis' cultural development.

671:. However, those settlers were almost entirely annihilated less than a decade later in the course of a Georgian 5594: 5515: 5474: 4642: 4128: 1662: 1295: 1127:

According to the Human Rights Monitoring Group of Ethnic Minorities, on the updated list of place names of the

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who visited Georgia around the same time would also use Azerbaijani to communicate with the local population.

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Azerbaijanis living in rural parts of the country were mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry in

4682: 4607: 4371: 4289: 4023: 3997: 3967: 3951: 2227: 732: 430: 405: 390: 356: 3848: 2668: 5505: 4044: 4018: 3987: 3804: 3117: 3030:. Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. 19 March 2009. 1723: 1606: 628: 454: 420: 400: 361: 339: 313: 289: 269: 3388: 3115:Принято заявление в знак протеста против захвата армянскими пограничниками земель азербайджанцев в Грузии 2800: 2180:

Bregadze, N. A. "K voprosu ob ètničeskom sostave naselenija Gruzii v XVIII v." In: V. K. Gardanov (ed.).

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Azerbaijan or establish their own community television channels (such as Ellada TV, which functioned in

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Education Ministers of Azerbaijan and Georgia to Discuss Decrease of Azeri Teachers in Georgian Schools

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the new imam ordered to remove the curtain and both denominations have prayed together ever since.

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from working in the civil service but even accessing it due to insufficient knowledge of Georgian.

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was published in Tiflis in 1906–1917, as were Azerbaijani newspapers from earlier periods (such as

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background. According to the 2014 census, there are 233,024 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Georgia.

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Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Cases in Georgia

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Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia

1770: 1325:, an ancient Near Eastern spring fest celebrated by Azerbaijanis, a national holiday in Georgia. 1115: 958: 869: 736: 720: 608: 259: 177: 3137: 1524: 1154: 5582: 5203: 5102: 4563: 4421: 4209: 3934: 3722: 3680: 3153: 2889: 2838: 2741:

Natalia Volkova. "Ethnic Processes in the Georgian SSR"; p. 17. In: Gardanov, Valentin (ed.).

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Potential for Conflict-Related to Land Problems in Georgia's Marneuli and Gardabani Districts

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Since Georgia regained its independence in 1991, in addition to nationwide problems such as

861: 841: 817:, 34-year-old Parikhanim Sofiyeva, an Azerbaijani woman from the village of Karajalari near 542: 139: 3617: 3339: 2695: 2265: 2251: 2160:. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 160. University of Uppsala, 1266:

which trained professional teachers for secular primary Azerbaijani schools was located in

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or any other type of close contact with people of other faiths. Finally, the fact that the

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as a first language. Azerbaijanis of Tbilisi are mainly bilingual or trilingual, speaking

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and "others", though the latter category underlyingly referred to Azerbaijanis living in

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In Tiflis, Azerbaijanis have historically populated the neighbourhood of Ortachala (from

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became optional) and a program funding minority group students wanting to study in the

1345:

in addition to their native language. On the other hand, Azerbaijanis living in almost

1144: 802: 700: 676: 667:

following a series of punitive campaigns he had launched against his Georgian subject,

656: 3215: 1001: 5604: 5484: 5259: 5193: 5132: 5017: 4964: 4852: 4842: 4617: 4437: 4241: 4214: 3941: 2850: 2208: 1450: 1388: 1354: 1346: 1267: 994:

for a long time enjoyed the status of the language of interethnic communication (see

925: 708: 537: 532: 2580:Интеграция национальных меньшинств в регионах Грузии Самцхе-Джавахети и Квемо Картли 5532: 5399: 5384: 5198: 5137: 5107: 5071: 5031: 4895: 4767: 4744: 4512: 4448: 4335: 3888: 2977: 2819:"Azeris and Muslim Ajarians in Georgia: The Swing between Tolerance and Alienation" 1751: 1573: 1010: 857: 830: 616: 223: 192: 184: 82: 66: 4555: 3825: 2960:

V. Jaoshvili, T. Tordia. Georgian Soviet Encyclopædia. V. 6, p. 488, Tbilisi, 1983

2193: 1209:, an Azerbaijani poet from the eighteenth century, was at one point known as King 2565:

Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia

1147:(Mahir Darziyev, Ruslan Hajiyev, Savalan Mirzayev) and one the previously-ruling 1139:

Of the four ethnic Azerbaijanis elected in the Georgian National Assembly in the

5536: 5419: 5414: 5358: 4862: 4778: 4705: 4574: 4378: 4221: 4199: 4149: 3501:

2014 Georgian General Population Census - Demographic And Social Characteristics

3442: 2471: 2239: 2197: 1496: 1479: 1384: 1076: 1032: 370: 3461: 860:

for national security reasons. The decree made provision for the relocation of

679:

throughout the eighteenth century and further westward into Bashkechid (modern

5404: 5219: 4548: 4466: 4261: 4192: 4172: 4144: 3924: 3304: 3092:"Georgian Nightmare: An Azeri community in Tbilisi is riven by the drug trade" 2933:

R. Kverenchkhiladze. Georgian Soviet Encyclopædia. V. 4, p. 580, Tbilisi, 1979

1475: 1462: 1047: 965: 834: 522: 334: 3427: 2989: 2842: 1240:, was published in Tiflis in 1832. The famous Azerbaijani satirical magazine 964:

As part of his anti-corruption reforms, in 2004, Saakashvili cracked down on

5434: 5424: 5371: 5338: 5224: 5010: 4972: 4953: 4933: 4908: 4814: 4348: 4136: 1434: 1421: 1393: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1271: 1236:

The first printed periodical in history to include articles in Azerbaijani,

1210: 1100: 921: 865: 818: 644: 632: 604: 488: 4097: 3741: 3500: 659:. Furthermore, up to 15,000 Turkic-speaking families had been resettled in 1182: 806:

parties not to engage in a conflict, and managed to acquire arms from the

199:. There is also a historical Azerbaijani community in the capital city of 5544: 5389: 5333: 5319: 5304: 5279: 5269: 5239: 4928: 4915: 4901: 4482: 2485: 1487: 1397: 704: 624: 2472:

Not Voluntarily: History and Geography of Forced Relocations in the USSR

5479: 5429: 5379: 5353: 5348: 5309: 5299: 5254: 5249: 5234: 5151: 5097: 5060: 5055: 4948: 4938: 4923: 4772: 4541: 4495: 4406: 3946: 3805:

The ethnic structure of the population of Georgia (in English language)

3039: 2951:

V. Jaoshvili. Georgian Soviet Encyclopædia. V. 2, p. 694, Tbilisi, 1977

2834: 1690: 1648: 1553: 1491: 1380: 1376: 1170: 1158: 1088: 1051:

View on the Azerbaijani-populated village of Dzveli-Kveshi near Bolnisi

897: 889: 885: 660: 652: 344: 200: 188: 74: 3785: 3005: 2567:. European Centre for Minority Issues Working Paper #23. February 2005 1119:

problem has not been resolved. In 2009, the Advisory Committee on the

5454: 5444: 5394: 5343: 5294: 5284: 5264: 5244: 5229: 5143: 5079: 5065: 4997: 4982: 4977: 4958: 4786: 4700: 1371: 1322: 1064: 945:

Mikheil Saakashvili's government, which came in power after the 2003

873: 853: 791: 620: 612: 3795:(in Russian). Last updated 15 August 2006 (retrieved 25 August 2006) 3173: 2921: 5552: 5449: 5409: 5314: 5274: 4992: 4987: 4819: 4534: 4154: 1461: 1408: 1282:, as well as to the first professional Azerbaijani female painter 1227: 1191: 1181: 1046: 1000: 983: 901: 742: 690: 122: 4281: 2240:«Грузинская советская энциклопедия», ст. «Борчало». Тбилиси, 1965 5548: 5540: 877: 366: 126: 4285: 4101: 3861: 3843: 3114: 675:. The area of Azerbaijani settlement spread northward into the 3385: 3369: 3251:

Museum of Azerbaijani Culture Receives 2014 Architecture Award

2426: 1121:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

647:(a mediaeval fortress whose ruins nowadays lie near Kushchi, 3305:

Brother Georgian Nation to Join Justice for Khojaly Campaign

2667:(in Russian). European Centre for Minorities. Archived from 2194:

The Ancient Orient. Transcaucasia in the 11th–15th centuries

1013:, many Azerbaijanis along with other minorities have faced 655:(district) under the suzerainty of the Georgian kingdom of 607:

tribes started migrating and settling on both banks of the

3430:. Caucasian Knot. 21 March 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2013. 2355:. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14 2218:. The Don and the North Caucasus in the 4th–12th centuries 1474:

Azerbaijanis in Georgia are mainly Muslim, with 80% being

1353:

Up until the early twentieth century, Azerbaijani was the

1186:

Nineteenth-century Azerbaijani carpet of the Borchali type

2117:"Ethnic Groups by Major Administrative-territorial Units" 916:

The good relations between the second Georgian President

727:, the government reorganised the Georgian kingdom into a 766:), meaning "green coastal area"), also known as Maidan ( 3386:

Azeris of Georgia to Watch News in Their First Language

2785:

Elene Medzmariashvili, Manana Shekiladze, et al. (ed.)

2122:. National Statistics Office of Georgia. Archived from 3700:

Azeri School Principal Concerned about Armenian Pupils

2980:. Georgia Times. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012. 2743:

Ethnic and Cultural-Domestic Processes in the Caucasus

5566: 3690:. ANS Press. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2012. 3534:

2002 Census in Georgia: Population by Native Language

3370:

Azerbaijani-Language Radio Began Broadcast in Georgia

3049:. IA Centre. 10 April 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2013. 3742:

Conflicts in the Caucasus - International Conference

3040:

How Georgian Government "Thanked" Azeris for Support

1262:

in the nineteenth and early twentieth century). The

735:, while the former three were incorporated into the 5493: 5467: 5212: 5170: 5116: 5088: 4886: 4828: 4795: 4714: 4691: 4521: 4475: 4430: 4399: 4328: 4319: 4163: 4135: 4074: 4053: 4037: 4011: 3960: 3917: 2596:"Ethnic Minorities in Eastern and Southern Georgia" 1300:

State Committee on Work with Diaspora of Azerbaijan

797:In November 1905, Tiflis almost became an arena of 683:and its vicinity) by the early nineteenth century. 133: 116: 96: 60: 50: 2868:(free registration needed to view the full report) 2722:War and Revolution in the Caucasus: Georgia Ablaze 782:, meaning "Devil's market"), as well as Seidabad ( 3642:Ethnic Minorities of Eastern and Southern Georgia 2662:"Defusing Conflict in Tsalka District of Georgia" 1490:of Iran. In 1951, during the construction of the 695:Muslim merchants selling rugs in Tiflis, ca. 1900 3096:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project 2788:How We Lived in Georgia in the Twentieth Century 2372:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3443:Nikoloz Gogitidze: We Are All from the Caucasus 3340:EaPTC Cooperation Programmes: Armenia – Georgia 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 1528:Azerbaijanis in Georgia by municipalities, 2014 1321:On 21 March 2010, Mikheil Saakashvili declared 663:at the beginning of the seventeenth century by 1278:and the first Azerbaijani female opera singer 1079:in 1940 (by direct translation), Bashkicheti ( 167: 4297: 4113: 3873: 3496: 3494: 3144:. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2015. 2764:National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia 2620: 2618: 2616: 2583:(in Russian). European Centre for Minorities. 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 840:In March 1944, 3,240 ethnic Azerbaijanis and 575: 8: 3438: 3436: 3257:. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2015. 2990:Protest in front of Georgian Embassy in Baku 2807:. 5 September 2002. Retrieved 1 January 2008 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2439: 2437: 2435: 33: 3428:Nowruz Declared National Holiday in Georgia 3138:Musical Performance in the Goycha Music Art 2890:Azeris in Georgia Allowed to Privatise Land 2488:. Научно-просветительский журнал «Скепсис». 2427:Matriarch of Karaiazi - Parikhanim Sofiyeva 4325: 4304: 4290: 4282: 4120: 4106: 4098: 3880: 3866: 3858: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3418:. 5 August 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2015. 3351:Diversity.ge - Radio in Minority Languages 3090:Ulviyya Aliyeva; Ani Yoosif (2019-06-09). 3023: 3021: 2996:. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012. 2497: 2495: 2176: 2174: 2104:Ethnic Composition of Georgia: 2014 Census 599:Starting in the sixteenth century, as the 582: 568: 210: 39: 32: 3399:. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2012. 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2626:"Georgia's Armenian and Azeri minorities" 2503:Special Settlers in the USSR in 1930–1960 2466: 2464: 2536: 2534: 2513: 2511: 2347: 2345: 2343: 1856: 1531: 1523: 1358:until the 1930s, large groups of ethnic 1310:and manages its own folk dance ensemble 1005:View on the Azerbaijani quarter, Tbilisi 896:landslides in the mountainous region of 5573: 3889:Azerbaijani people by country or region 3267:Azerbaijani Cultural Centre in Marneuli 3006:Village of Fakhrali: Unofficial Website 2864:Georgia’s Armenian and Azeri Minorities 2781: 2779: 2628:. Report 178 Europe. 22 November 2006. 2089: 1428:Soviet Union, lack of knowledge of the 1225:. Both died and were buried in Tiflis. 850:population transfer in the Soviet Union 514: 496: 453: 380: 312: 229: 222: 3706:. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012. 3618:Azerbaijani Schools in Today's Georgia 2801:Georgian Azeris Locked Out By Language 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2598:(in Russian). Memorial. Archived from 2365: 2353:"mapping-the-global-muslim-population" 2304:Russia and the People of Transcaucasia 3821: 3819: 3736: 3734: 3681:Azeri Secondary School Facing Problem 3652:by Alexander Kukhianidze (in Russian) 3154:Britannica Encyclopedia. Kazakh-rugs. 2773:. Assessment Survey Report 2007-2008. 2698:(interview with Mikheil Saakashvili. 1355:language of interethnic communication 774:, meaning "square") or Sheitanbazar ( 7: 3662:Estimating Potential of Kvemo Kartli 3204:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 2577:Jonathan Wheatley (September 2009). 747:Azerbaijani quarter of Tbilisi, 1870 61:Regions with significant populations 3841:(in English, Georgian, and Russian) 3412:Azerbaijanis of Georgia Marked Elat 3071:Diversity.ge - Ethnic Organisations 3059:List of MPs – Parliament of Georgia 2660:Jonathan Wheatley (December 2006). 1333:Most Azerbaijanis in Georgia speak 1022:the political life of the country. 799:Armenian–Azerbaijani ethnic clashes 2903:. May 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2012. 2644:Serve but Don't Expect Citizenship 2517:Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili. 2182:Kavkazskij ètnografičeskij sbornik 986:, which weakened possibilities of 25: 3719:Ancient Towns of Georgia: Tbilisi 3321:Diversity.ge - Ethnic Periodicals 2318:: "Borchali Plain". V. 7, p. 451. 2316:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedia 1232:Tbilisi Azerbaijani Drama Theatre 758:, meaning "central, middle", and 603:devastated the southern Georgia, 45:Azerbaijani women of Tiflis, 1910 5588: 5576: 5547:, distinct from Levantine (i.e. 3756:. Uzeyir Hajibeyov Encyclopædia. 3206:. The Great Soviet Encyclopædia. 2978:Azerbaijan Retracting Its Words? 2632:from the original on 2011-02-09. 2528:. ECMI Monograph #6. August 2007 2026: 2025: 2018: 2017: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1996: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1963: 1962: 1955: 1954: 1942: 1941: 1934: 1933: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1912: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1891: 1871:% of Georgia's entire population 1866:Georgia's Azerbaijani population 1264:Transcaucasian Teachers Seminary 1165:Georgia–Armenia border incidents 1157:, an Azerbaijani village within 631:) and in the west, they reached 3826:Population of Georgia 1886–1959 2390:Olma Media Group, 2002; p. 106. 2266:Tsalka – Brief Historical Facts 2052:Notable Azerbaijanis of Georgia 1546:% of region's entire population 1541:Region's Azerbaijani population 1286:, and the first female pianist 719:and the out-coming treaties of 623:, in the Dabnisi Gorge, and in 314:Traditional areas of settlement 1795: 1748: 1687: 1570: 1550: 1466:Shah Ismayil Mosque (left) in 1: 4082:Azerbaijani Olympic medalists 3189:Mirza-Shafi Vazeh (1794-1852) 2230:. Encyclopædic Lexicon, 1835. 2058:List of Georgian Azerbaijanis 1143:, three represent the ruling 1135:Political and social activity 852:, a decree was issued by the 848:In 1944, in the midst of the 717:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) 713:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) 4273:Ethnic minorities in Georgia 3061:. Retrieved 28 January 2017. 2888:T. Baliyev, L. Tarverdiyev. 2445:Ethnic Minorities in Georgia 2069:Azerbaijan–Georgia relations 1828: 794:"), the old baths district. 3786:Demoscope Weekly - Appendix 3744:. 'Religion'. October 2012. 3616:Gulnara Gocaeva-Memmedova. 2805:Institute for War and Peace 1141:2016 parliamentary election 808:Viceroyalty of the Caucasus 699:After Russia conquered the 18:Azeris in Georgia (country) 5632: 3810:November 13, 2009, at the 3721:(2nd ed.). Tbilisi, 2006. 3607:. Retrieved 2 October 2006 2055: 1470:'s painting of old Tbilisi 813:In 1919, during Georgia's 160:Gürcüstan azərbaycanlıları 5529: 4648:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks 4270: 3895: 3462:Second Opinion on Georgia 3178:Great Soviet Encyclopædia 528:Deportations from Armenia 168: 138: 121: 101: 65: 55: 38: 5516:Turkish Cypriot diaspora 5184:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars 4129:Ethnic groups in Georgia 3510:. Retrieved 21 May 2017. 2817:Kahraman, Alter (2021). 2579: 2388:Who Stood Behind Stalin? 1296:Heydar Aliyev Foundation 1149:United National Movement 169:ქართველი აზერბაიჯანელები 4673:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman 4329:Azerbaijani communities 3845:Azerbaijanis in Georgia 3605:Azerbaijanis in Georgia 3239:Azeri Theatre of Tiflis 2924:. "Tsalka". Terra Publ. 2079:Demographics of Georgia 1302:, issues the magazines 733:Elizavetpol Governorate 651:), later turned into a 464:Pre-Abrahamic religions 148:Azerbaijanis in Georgia 34:Azerbaijanis in Georgia 27:Ethnic group in Georgia 5506:Crimean Tatar diaspora 4683:Western Thracian Turks 4618:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman 3776:. Uppsala 2002; p. 159 3286:Diversity.ge - Culture 3161: 2922:The Great Encyclopædia 2745:. Moscow: Nauka, 1978. 2594:Alexander Kukhinadze. 2505:. Moscow: Nauka, 2003. 2264:Pankratis Papounidis. 1529: 1471: 1233: 1187: 1108: 1096: 1084: 1072: 1060: 1052: 1043:Renaming of placenames 1006: 920:and his former fellow 787: 779: 771: 748: 696: 629:Gardabani Municipality 159: 56:233,024 (2014, census) 5616:Georgian Azerbaijanis 5213:Extinct Turkic groups 5171:Turkic minorities in 5118:Turkic minorities in 5089:Turkic minorities in 4887:Turkic minorities in 4365:Georgian Azerbaijanis 3791:May 14, 2011, at the 3568:. Agraf, 1999; p. 478 3562:Nasledie Chingiskhana 3156: 2386:Alexander Ostrovsky. 2306:. Mysl, 1976; p. 187. 1527: 1504:death before sunset. 1465: 1248:Jalil Mammadguluzadeh 1231: 1215:Mirza Fatali Akhundov 1185: 1050: 1033:irredentist sentiment 1015:social disintegration 1004: 746: 694: 687:Imperial Russian rule 669:Teimuraz I of Kakheti 649:Marneuli Municipality 152:Georgian Azerbaijanis 134:Related ethnic groups 5611:Azerbaijani diaspora 5531:Central Asian (i.e. 5501:Azerbaijani diaspora 4838:Iranian Azerbaijanis 4476:Turkmen communities 4372:Western Azerbaijanis 4342:Iranian Azerbaijanis 4087:List of Azerbaijanis 3901:Azerbaijani diaspora 3679:Elnur Abdulrahimov. 3193:Literature.aznet.org 3124:. APA. 27 July 2013. 2823:Nationalities Papers 2486:"Депортация народов" 2184:, 6: 238-253; p. 250 2147:Cornell, Svante E., 2074:List of Azerbaijanis 2037:The number includes 1849:Change in population 1067:in 1932, Aghbulagh ( 992:Azerbaijani language 681:Dmanisi Municipality 615:, in the valleys of 4522:Turkish communities 4388:Javanshir Qizilbash 3961:Former Soviet Union 3908:Largest urban areas 3740:Zaza Piralishvili. 3631:, 2015 (28): 29–38. 3311:. 25 February 2015. 2866:, 22 November 2006 2724:. Routledge, 2013; 2702:. 22 November 2003. 2642:Ulviyya Akhundova. 2563:Jonathan Wheatley. 2414:, 28 November 1905. 2402:. 27 November 1905. 1447:Georgian literature 1238:Tatarskie vedomosti 1129:Ministry of Justice 1037:Ministry of Defence 939:Mikheil Saakashvili 918:Eduard Shevardnadze 908:Republic of Georgia 673:uprising in Kakheti 35: 5046:Siberian Bukharans 4848:Chaharmahali Turks 4829:Turkic minorities 4796:Turkic minorities 4715:Turkic minorities 4431:Kyrgyz communities 4400:Kazakh communities 3935:Iranian Azerbaijan 3851:2021-04-16 at the 3772:2007-06-30 at the 3686:2013-09-16 at the 3667:2011-07-20 at the 3648:2011-07-16 at the 3623:2016-09-13 at the 3566:Nikolai Trubetzkoy 3539:2012-08-30 at the 3506:2019-08-15 at the 3467:2016-12-20 at the 3448:2012-04-07 at the 3391:2011-01-01 at the 3356:2016-03-06 at the 3326:2016-03-05 at the 3291:2016-03-05 at the 3272:2016-03-04 at the 3221:2012-02-06 at the 3120:2013-07-29 at the 3076:2016-04-01 at the 3045:2016-01-29 at the 3011:2012-06-23 at the 2895:2008-12-07 at the 2835:10.1017/nps.2020.7 2769:2011-07-21 at the 2524:2018-09-23 at the 2450:2015-10-03 at the 2400:The Tiflis Leaflet 2333:2016-01-29 at the 2271:2012-08-14 at the 2214:2010-01-20 at the 2156:2007-06-30 at the 1530: 1472: 1234: 1202:dramatic designs. 1188: 1053: 1007: 977:Social integration 959:Russo-Georgian War 870:Samtskhe-Javakheti 866:Hamsheni Armenians 815:brief independence 749: 737:Tiflis Governorate 697: 601:Turkoman invasions 328:Iranian Azerbaijan 5595:Georgia (country) 5564: 5563: 5463: 5462: 5374: 5367: 5328: 5204:Tatars of Romania 5177: 5146: 5103:Mongolian Kazakhs 5074: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4781: 4747: 4658:Palestinian Turks 4653:Montenegrin Turks 4577: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4507: 4498: 4491: 4451: 4422:Mongolian Kazakhs 4390: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4358: 4351: 4344: 4279: 4278: 4165:Ethnic minorities 4095: 4094: 3918:Traditional areas 3488:. 7 October 2010. 3480:Rashad Rustamov. 3174:Molla Vali Vidadi 2443:Mamuka Komakhia. 2275:. 26 August 2010. 2254:. Брокгауз-Ефрон. 2048: 2042: 2034: 2033: 1846: 1845: 1799:Mtskheta-Mtianeti 1484:religious freedom 1430:official language 1280:Shovkat Mammadova 1223:Mirza Shafi Vazeh 1207:Molla Vali Vidadi 665:Abbas I of Persia 592: 591: 555:Azerbaijan Portal 374: 348: 331: 197:Mtskheta-Mtianeti 174:Georgian citizens 145: 144: 91:Mtskheta-Mtianeti 16:(Redirected from 5623: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5572: 5511:Turkish diaspora 5370: 5363: 5324: 5175: 5157:Karategin Uzbeks 5142: 5070: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5004:Astrakhan Tatars 5002: 4967: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4873:Iranian Turkmens 4805:Crimean Karaites 4777: 4743: 4643:Macedonian Turks 4608:Dodecanese Turks 4573: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4505:Iranian Turkmens 4503: 4494: 4487: 4447: 4386: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4326: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4283: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4099: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3859: 3842: 3829: 3823: 3814: 3802: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3765:Svante Cornell. 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3729: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3697: 3691: 3677: 3671: 3659: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3531: 3520: 3517: 3511: 3498: 3489: 3478: 3472: 3459: 3453: 3440: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3383: 3377: 3376:. 16 March 2015. 3367: 3361: 3348: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3318: 3312: 3302: 3296: 3283: 3277: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3186: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3151: 3145: 3135: 3134:(in Azerbaijani) 3131: 3125: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3087: 3081: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3016: 3003: 2997: 2987: 2981: 2974: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2814: 2808: 2803:by Zaza Baazov. 2798: 2792: 2783: 2774: 2761: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2718: 2703: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2657: 2651: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2622: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2568: 2561: 2544: 2538: 2529: 2515: 2506: 2501:Viktor Zemskov. 2499: 2490: 2489: 2481: 2475: 2468: 2459: 2441: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2371: 2363: 2361: 2360: 2349: 2338: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2242: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2206: 2200: 2191: 2185: 2178: 2169: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2128: 2121: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2045: 2039:Meskhetian Turks 2036: 2029: 2028: 2021: 2020: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1999: 1987: 1986: 1979: 1978: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1957: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1936: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1915: 1903: 1902: 1895: 1894: 1857: 1831:Total in Georgia 1532: 1406:Turkish-speaking 1288:Khadija Gayibova 1284:Geysar Kashiyeva 1221:-native teacher 1199:Azerbaijani rugs 1026:1992 land reform 862:Meskhetian Turks 584: 577: 570: 543:Khojaly massacre 364: 342: 325: 211: 171: 170: 140:Meskhetian Turks 51:Total population 43: 36: 21: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5525: 5521:Kazakh diaspora 5489: 5459: 5208: 5174: 5172: 5166: 5128:Afghan Turkmens 5119: 5112: 5090: 5084: 5039:Siberian Tatars 4963: 4888: 4882: 4878:Iranian Kazakhs 4858:Khorasani Turks 4830: 4824: 4797: 4791: 4734:Chinese Kazakhs 4716: 4710: 4693: 4692:Turkic peoples 4687: 4588:Bulgarian Turks 4564:Abkhazian Turks 4517: 4489:Afghan Turkmens 4471: 4426: 4417:Iranian Kazakhs 4412:Chinese Kazakhs 4395: 4315: 4310: 4280: 4275: 4266: 4159: 4131: 4126: 4096: 4091: 4070: 4049: 4033: 4007: 3956: 3913: 3891: 3886: 3853:Wayback Machine 3840: 3837: 3832: 3824: 3817: 3812:Wayback Machine 3803: 3799: 3793:Wayback Machine 3784: 3780: 3774:Wayback Machine 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3732: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3688:Wayback Machine 3678: 3674: 3669:Wayback Machine 3660: 3656: 3650:Wayback Machine 3639: 3635: 3625:Wayback Machine 3615: 3611: 3603: 3599: 3595:Volkova, p. 45. 3594: 3590: 3586:Volkova, p. 41. 3585: 3581: 3577:Volkova, p. 51. 3576: 3572: 3560: 3556: 3552:Volkova, p. 46. 3551: 3547: 3541:Wayback Machine 3532: 3523: 3519:Volkova, p. 42. 3518: 3514: 3508:Wayback Machine 3499: 3492: 3479: 3475: 3469:Wayback Machine 3460: 3456: 3450:Wayback Machine 3441: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3393:Wayback Machine 3384: 3380: 3368: 3364: 3358:Wayback Machine 3349: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3328:Wayback Machine 3319: 3315: 3303: 3299: 3293:Wayback Machine 3284: 3280: 3276:. Diversity.ge. 3274:Wayback Machine 3265: 3261: 3249: 3245: 3237:Ilham Rahimli. 3236: 3232: 3223:Wayback Machine 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3187: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3152: 3148: 3136:Latif Hasanov. 3133: 3132: 3128: 3122:Wayback Machine 3113: 3109: 3100: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3078:Wayback Machine 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3047:Wayback Machine 3038: 3034: 3026: 3019: 3013:Wayback Machine 3004: 3000: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2897:Wayback Machine 2887: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2862: 2858: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2799: 2795: 2784: 2777: 2771:Wayback Machine 2762: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2720:Stephen Jones. 2719: 2706: 2690: 2686: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2641: 2637: 2624: 2623: 2614: 2605: 2603: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2547: 2539: 2532: 2526:Wayback Machine 2516: 2509: 2500: 2493: 2484:Nikolai Bugai. 2483: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2462: 2452:Wayback Machine 2442: 2433: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2412:Novoe Obozrenie 2410: 2406: 2398: 2394: 2385: 2381: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2350: 2341: 2337:. Diversity.ge. 2335:Wayback Machine 2326: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2273:Wayback Machine 2263: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2216:Wayback Machine 2207: 2203: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2172: 2158:Wayback Machine 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2129:on 7 April 2014 2126: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2091: 2087: 2065: 2060: 2054: 1851: 1519: 1510: 1460: 1437:in 1995–1999). 1418: 1331: 1276:Rashid Behbudov 1243:Molla Nasraddin 1213:'s court poet. 1180: 1167: 1137: 1045: 1028: 979: 947:Rose Revolution 942:November 2003. 910: 827: 689: 611:River in Lower 597: 588: 209: 46: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5629: 5627: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5585: 5562: 5561: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5440:Yenisei Kyrgyz 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5368: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5330: 5329: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5189:Finnish Tatars 5186: 5180: 5178: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4892: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4810:Crimean Tatars 4807: 4801: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4753:Chinese Uzbeks 4750: 4749: 4748: 4739:Chinese Kyrgyz 4736: 4731: 4729:Chinese Tatars 4726: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4678:Tunisian Turks 4675: 4670: 4665: 4663:Romanian Turks 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4633:Lebanese Turks 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4613:Egyptian Turks 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4593:Croatian Turks 4590: 4585: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4569:Algerian Turks 4566: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4538: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4443:Chinese Kyrgyz 4440: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4368: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4332: 4330: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4313:Turkic peoples 4311: 4309: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4196: 4195: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4102: 4093: 4092: 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2612: 2586: 2569: 2545: 2530: 2507: 2491: 2476: 2470:Pavel Polyan. 2460: 2431: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2379: 2339: 2320: 2308: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2257: 2243: 2232: 2220: 2201: 2186: 2170: 2140: 2108: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2056:Main article: 2053: 2050: 2032: 2031: 2023: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1897: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1518: 1515: 1509: 1506: 1468:Luigi Premazzi 1459: 1456: 1417: 1414: 1330: 1327: 1270:. Folk singer 1179: 1176: 1166: 1163: 1145:Georgian Dream 1136: 1133: 1116:Gamsakhurdia's 1103:, and Sarvan ( 1044: 1041: 1027: 1024: 978: 975: 909: 906: 826: 825:Soviet Georgia 823: 803:Dashnaktsutiun 711:following the 701:South Caucasus 688: 685: 677:Tsalka Plateau 657:Kartli-Kakheti 596: 593: 590: 589: 587: 586: 579: 572: 564: 561: 560: 559: 558: 548: 547: 546: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 517: 516: 512: 511: 510: 509: 501: 500: 494: 493: 492: 491: 486: 484:Zoroastrianism 481: 476: 471: 466: 458: 457: 451: 450: 449: 448: 443: 441:United Kingdom 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 385: 384: 378: 377: 376: 375: 359: 354: 349: 337: 332: 317: 316: 310: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 234: 233: 227: 226: 220: 219: 208: 205: 143: 142: 136: 135: 131: 130: 119: 118: 114: 113: 99: 98: 94: 93: 63: 62: 58: 57: 53: 52: 48: 47: 44: 29: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5628: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5574: 5570: 5559:territories). 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5260:Black Klobuks 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5176:(exc. Russia) 5169: 5163: 5162:Afghan Kyrgyz 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5018:Mishar Tatars 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694:in Uzbekistan 4690: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4668:Serbian Turks 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4628:Kosovan Turks 4626: 4624: 4623:Israeli Turks 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4603:Cypriot Turks 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4583:Bosnian Turks 4581: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457:Afghan Kyrgyz 4455: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4389: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4295: 4293: 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Baku, 2006 3238: 3233: 3226: 3211: 3199: 3192: 3184: 3177: 3171:(in Russian) 3166: 3157: 3149: 3141: 3129: 3110: 3099:. Retrieved 3095: 3085: 3066: 3054: 3035: 3001: 2993: 2985: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2917: 2908: 2900: 2884: 2874: 2867: 2859: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2804: 2796: 2786: 2742: 2737: 2732:; pp. 53–55. 2699: 2687: 2676:. Retrieved 2669:the original 2655: 2647: 2638: 2604:. Retrieved 2600:the original 2589: 2572: 2564: 2502: 2479: 2456:Diversity.ge 2455: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2382: 2357:. Retrieved 2323: 2311: 2303: 2302:G. Galoyan. 2298: 2289: 2280: 2260: 2246: 2235: 2223: 2204: 2189: 2181: 2149: 2143: 2131:. 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Memorial. 2228:"Aghjagala" 2198:Lev Gumilev 2133:11 November 2047:population. 1663:Tetritsqaro 1497:Volga Tatar 1409:Urum Greeks 1335:Azerbaijani 1260:Sharg-i rus 1190:The art of 1105:Azerbaijani 1093:Azerbaijani 1081:Azerbaijani 1077:Tetritsqaro 1069:Azerbaijani 1057:Azerbaijani 876:. 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5235:Barsils 5173:Europe 5152:Ansarlu 5098:Khotons 5056:Teleuts 4949:Dolgans 4944:Chuvash 4939:Chulyms 4924:Balkars 4868:Qashqai 4853:Khalajs 4831:in Iran 4773:Uyghurs 4496:Ansarlu 4407:Kazakhs 4321:Peoples 4205:Germans 4024:Germany 3998:Ukraine 3973:Georgia 3968:Belarus 3952:Armenia 3947:Derbent 3028:Georgia 2700:Monitor 2648:Zerkalo 2022:233,024 2001:284,761 1980:307,556 1959:255,678 1938:217,758 1917:153,600 1896:188,058 1880:137,921 1836:233,024 1691:Kakheti 1649:Rustavi 1635:Dmanisi 1621:Bolnisi 1580:177,032 1554:Tbilisi 1492:Metekhi 1381:Tusheti 1377:Kakheti 1343:Russian 1256:Keshkul 1178:Culture 1159:Tbilisi 1114:During 1089:Dmanisi 1073:Ağbulaq 924:member 898:Svaneti 792:sayyids 661:Kakheti 641:Abbas I 479:Judaism 431:Ukraine 406:Germany 391:Belarus 357:Armenia 352:Georgia 345:Derbent 305:Tourism 300:Theatre 255:Cuisine 231:Culture 207:History 201:Tbilisi 189:Kakheti 75:Kakheti 5553:Syrian 5475:Abdals 5468:Others 5455:Yabaku 5445:Yueban 5395:Shatuo 5385:Sabirs 5344:Merkit 5295:Kangly 5285:Esegel 5265:Cumans 5245:Bulaqs 5230:Basmyl 5194:Gagauz 5144:Timuri 5138:Aimaqs 5133:Afshar 5080:Yakuts 5066:Tuvans 4998:Tatars 4993:Soyots 4983:Nogais 4978:Kumyks 4965:Koibal 4959:Khakas 4889:Russia 4843:Afshar 4787:Yugurs 4701:Uzbeks 4556:Yörüks 4438:Kyrgyz 4210:Greeks 4061:Canada 4045:Turkey 4019:France 4012:Europe 3988:Russia 3725: 2879:17-18. 2849: 2841: 2728: 2328:Azeris 2209:Cumans 2164: 1785:Kareli 1738:Telavi 1714:17,164 1697:32,354 1677:Tsalka 1639:12,530 1625:33,964 1611:35,642 1597:87,371 1561:15,187 1536:Region 1323:Nowruz 1312:Sarvan 1308:Meydan 1192:ashiks 1109:Sarvan 1065:Tsalka 854:Moscow 831:Soviet 829:Under 772:Meydan 764:ch'ala 762:ჭალა ( 715:, the 617:Algeti 613:Kartli 421:Russia 401:France 396:Canada 362:Turkey 340:Russia 250:Cinema 172:) are 166:: 107:· 105: 87:· 85: 79:· 77: 71:· 69: 5549:Iraqi 5450:Yagma 5415:Torks 5410:Tuhsi 5400:Tiele 5315:Kimek 5275:Duolu 5108:Dukha 4988:Shors 4820:Urums 4768:Salar 4535:Gajal 4529:Turks 4252:Turks 4237:Poles 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