223:
976:'s charm school. The proper etiquette for every situation was taught, and every aspect of personal hygiene, mannerisms and dress code was presented to all of the players. In an effort to make each player as physically attractive as possible, each received a beauty kit and instructions on how to use it. As a part of the league's 'Rules of Conduct', the 'girls' were not permitted to have short hair, could not smoke or drink in public places, were not allowed to wear pants, and were required to wear lipstick at all times. Fines for not following the league's rules of conduct were five dollars for the first offense, ten for the second, and suspension for the third. In 1944,
40:
942: inches). The pitcher's mound was only forty feet from home plate, closer even than in regulation softball and much closer than the baseball distance of 60 feet, 6 inches. Pitchers threw underhand windmill, like in softball, and the distance between bases was 65 feet, five feet longer than in softball, but 25 feet shorter than in baseball. Major similarities between the AAGPBL and baseball included nine player teams and the use of a pitcher's mound (softball pitchers throw from flat ground). By 1948, the ball had shrunk to 10
1662:
made the postseason. The 1949 season utilized a system where six teams reached the postseason, with the 1 and 3 seeds having a first-round bye (the 2 seed played the 1 seed). The 1950 season had four teams reach the postseason. The 1951 season returned to the half system, but with a caveat that the top two teams of the first and second half went to the playoffs. For the final three seasons (1952-1954), they had the top four teams reach the playoffs.
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1947:) who was circulating a petition to get the Baseball Hall of Fame to recognize the All American Girls Baseball League asked the players at the Reunion to organize to help the effort. A meeting was held at the South Bend home of Fran Janssen, and the Player's Association was born. June Peppas was nominated President.
1661:
The League had twelve champions in its time of play. For the 1943 and 1944 seasons, the playoffs were a matchup of the first half champion and the second half champion. The seasons of 1945-1947 matched four teams for its postseason. For 1948 only, four teams each from the
Eastern and Western Division
1252:
during
November in a tournament that began in 2022. The AGB tournament features four teams named as tributes for the original AAGPBL teams, with all teams using a progressive fade to white jersey based on the colours of the squad-- Rockford (peach with red numerals), South Bend (light blue with dark
1016:
The league's principal advertising agent was Arthur E. Meyerhoff, who handled the league's publicity from 1943 through 1950. Meyerhoff's promotional efforts focused on the value of national exposure in popular periodicals. These magazine articles attracted new fans and new players to the AAGPBL. The
1076:
As attendance and revenues began to fall in the early 1950s, the league became less alluring to players, and some even returned to playing softball. Teams rapidly began to close down operations each year until, at the end of the 1954 season, only five teams remained, and the AAGPBL officially shut
1024:
Due to the decentralized league administration, many of the promotion efforts from team management were aimed exclusively at local populaces. There were many promotional events with players, children's benefits, civic groups and holiday celebrations. Along with daily newspaper reports, the primary
1128:
notes that the series aims to portray a more authentic representation of the league. The television adaptation addresses homosexuality within the league, the reality of which has been discussed by former players. The series also addresses race relations at the time, taking on a split format which
952:
inches, overhand pitching was allowed, and the mound was moved back to 50 feet. Over the history of the league, the rules continued to gradually approach those of baseball. By the final season in 1954, the ball was regulation baseball size, the mound was moved back to 60 feet, and the basepaths
2258:
1300:
In the beginning, each team was issued one uniform style, to be worn in all games. Shepard unveiled the inaugural uniforms in a palette of pastel colors: green for
Kenosha; yellow for Racine; blue for South Bend; and peach for Rockford. The accessories (cap, belt and stirrups) were bold, darker
1012:
as well as in local city newspapers. Philip
Wrigley, the league's founder, believed in the value of advertising, which may have contributed to the league's extensive exposure and marketing focus. Wrigley learned to appreciate advertising from his father, William Wrigley, who had success with his
964:
The uniforms worn by the female ballplayers consisted of a belted, short-sleeved tunic dress with a slight flare of the skirt. Rules stated that skirts were to be worn no more than six inches above the knee, but the regulation was most often ignored in order to facilitate running and fielding. A
1020:
The league shifted to decentralized league administration from 1951 to 1954. Thus, the responsibility was on individual team management to publicize and promote the teams. However, local managers were not always effective due to their lack of expertise in advertising. In the 1951 season, league
960:
Salaries were above average for women and ranged from $ 45–$ 85 (or $ 792–$ 1497 in 2023 dollars) a week during the first years of play to about $ 125 (or $ 1467 in 2023 dollars) per week in later years. The women's league generally went along with the men's late spring to early autumn season.
325:
was hired to preside over the league. The NGBL was much less publicized than the AAGPBL, but it paralleled the AAGPBL, as it also lasted until 1954 and drew up to 500,000 fans per season. For a time, the two leagues were involved in a strong rivalry for players, before meeting and agreeing to a
1032:
won the most league championships with four (1945, 1948, 1949 and 1950). The
Milwaukee/Grand Rapids Chicks were second with three (1944 in Milwaukee and 1947 and 1953 in Grand Rapids). The Racine Belles (1943 and 1946) and the South Bend Blue Sox (1951 and 1952) each won two, and the Kalamazoo
308:
Scouts for the
Chicago-based All-American Girls Professional Baseball League initially sought and recruited talent from the Chicago softball Metropolitan League, along with several others. However, after seeing many of their players leave for the AAGPBL, it was decided to then turn the amateur
1933:
When the All-American Girls
Professional Baseball League was unable to continue in 1955, its history and its significance were forgotten by baseball historians. Many people in the 1950s thought that women were not supposed to play baseball, so most female athletes competed on other fields of
1292:
and spearheaded a series of innovative uniforms beginning in 1937. Shepard designed all visual elements of the league, including game scorecards and promotional materials. For his work on the AAGPBL and the Cubs, Shepard was called the "chief visualizer of mid-century baseball".
1296:
Shepard modeled the uniform after the figure skating, field hockey and tennis outfits of the period. The uniforms included satin shorts, knee-high baseball socks and a baseball cap. The team patches were modeled after each respective city's seal.
305:; thus, no African Americans were recruited or hired. Women were selected for their skilled play, but the player also needed to fit what was seen by marketers as a wholesome, feminine ideal. The first league game was played on May 30, 1943.
1960:
after his mother's death in 1981, he attended the first reunion as her descendant, "When I went to the reunion in 1982 to represent her, I learned more about her playing than she had ever said. There is a lot of history getting lost."
3119:"On top are the logos used in #ALeagueofTheirOwn and on the bottom are the real logos. The logos are actually the city seal of the towns they played in. Why they changed the logos for the movie? Because it looked better on camera"
1021:
president Fred Leo asked all team presidents to provide publicity on games and training events. Only one team complied with Fred Leo's request, which led to an early 1952 preseason board meeting to discuss inadequate promotion.
3381:
183:, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States. Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American
3566:
2066:
1301:
shades of the team color. As new teams were added, they were given a new distinctive team color (gray for
Milwaukee, pink for Minneapolis). Road uniforms were introduced to the league starting with the 1948 season.
667:
1253:
blue numerals), Racine (gold with brown numerals), and
Kenosha (light green with green numerals) and white trousers. Games are played to modern WBSC Women's Baseball rules, with all games seven innings long.
1942:
in 1982. The
Players Association was formed after a 1986 Reunion held in Fort Wayne as part of Run, Jane, Run, a local Women's Bureau event. Historian and Baseball card publisher Sharon Roepke (author of
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In the first season, the league played a game that was a hybrid of baseball and softball. The ball was 12 inches in circumference, the size of a regulation softball (regulation baseballs are 9 to
204:
are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the
1240:. The organisation, headed by Sue Parsons (Rockford, 1953-54) with support from Misdee Miller, granddaughter of AAGPBL founder Phillip Wrigley, organises the All-American Woman’s Baseball Classic at
1206:(AAGPBL), reflecting that players were paid from the start and further separating it from existing amateur leagues. This name was used until the end of the 1945 season, when the league reverted to
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60:
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1183:, was loosely based on Foxx's tenure in the league. However, several of his former AAGPBL players said that, unlike Hanks's character in the movie, Foxx was always gentlemanly around them.
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1013:
chewing-gum company in large part due to marketing methods. The league remained under Wrigley's advertising influence until 1951, when individual team directors took over the publicity.
4716:
3367:
1155:
Although the AAGPBL was the first recorded professional women's baseball league, women had played baseball since the nineteenth century. The first known women's baseball team played at
4731:
4175:
440:
2284:
1323:(although in the movie, the word "Irishmen" was changed to "Irish ones"). In their annual reunions since 1998, it is usual to hear the original AAGPBL players singing the song.
4726:
2755:
301:
games across the country, over 200 women were invited to try out, and about 60 were selected for the league roster. Like the male major league, the 'girls' league was also
349:
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League went through three periods of ownership. It was owned by chewing gum mogul Wrigley from 1943 to 1945, wealthy publicist
1222:(AAGBBL). When the Players' Association was organized in 1986 and gained recognition from the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988, it was again, and finally, named
1288:, assisted by Wrigley's wife Helen and Chicago softball player Ann Harnett, the first player signed by the league. Shepard was also the longtime art director for the
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3679:
2102:
222:
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1210:(AAGBBL), which it would use through 1950. When teams were sold to independent owners at the end of the 1950 season, the official League name was changed to the
980:
was fired for cutting her hair short. The women's contracts were much stricter about behavior than in the men's league, and each team was also assigned its own
3912:
1353:
913:
538:
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
2217:
3955:
1017:
major publicity themes that characterized the league were "Recreation for War Workers", "Femininity", "Community Welfare", and "Family Entertainment".
3982:
3017:
1974:
704:
430:
206:
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4043:
3917:
528:
263:
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circular team logo was sewn on the front of each dress, and baseball caps featured elastic bands in the back so that they were one-size-fits-all.
4078:
2806:
262:, several major league baseball executives started a new professional league with women players in order to maintain baseball in the public eye
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201:
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1964:
Membership is now offered to players, staff members, and descendants, in addition to associate memberships for baseball fans and historians.
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The AAGPBL received extensive publicity from its inception throughout the 1940s. The league was featured in national periodicals such as
4691:
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3688:
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1345:
957:
by men who knew competitive athletics and were former major league players, in part to demonstrate to fans that the league was serious.
744:
334:
39:
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3265:
1338:
1280:
The uniform was a one-piece short-skirted flared tunic with a team patch in the center of the chest. The base uniform was designed by
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483:
450:
3781:
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2807:"August 15, 1943: Canada's Olive Little tosses first no-hit, no-run game in AAGPBL history – Society for American Baseball Research"
1938:
launched a newsletter project to get in touch with friends, teammates, and opponents that resulted in the league's first reunion in
906:
1339:
2537:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
4385:
3067:
571:
313:, which began in 1944, composed entirely of Chicago-area teams. The National Girls baseball League was founded by Emery Parichy,
1343:
1341:
2896:
601:
1347:
4237:
3665:
2185:"All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Player Marg Callaghan Sliding into Home Plate as Umpire Norris Ward Watches"
1342:
612:
333:
In the winter of 1952–1953, players from both the AAGPBL and National Girls Baseball League played together in the four–team
310:
283:
2112:
1351:
1337:
4180:
1237:
591:
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might even temporarily cease due to the war because of the loss of talent, as well as restrictions on team travel due to
4751:
4291:
2727:
2544:
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899:
662:
1349:
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4676:
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607:
576:
508:
1348:
4639:
4367:
3725:
2722:
1129:
follows both the Peaches and Max Chapman—a fictional black pitcher who was barred from trying out for the league.
4362:
4093:
4063:
3927:
3094:
Dorothy and Otis: Designing the American Dream: The Pioneering Designers of Baseball, Billboards, and Chewing Gum
714:
2588:
2756:"'A League of Their Own' Star Abbi Jacobson on Whether Series Characters Will Call Back to Team From 1992 Film"
435:
395:
184:
2412:
3242:
3216:
2897:"Bats, Balls and Books: Baseball and Higher Education for Women at Three Eastern Women's Colleges, 1866–1891"
2643:
2155:
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518:
498:
4262:
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4001:
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732:
561:
353:
from 1945 to 1951, and the teams were individually owned from 1951 to 1954. The teams generally played in
365:
were the only two teams that stayed in their home cities for the full period of the AAGPBL's existence.
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4132:
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3737:
3715:
3613:
2189:
1969:
1367:
1311:
1179:
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1104:
1087:
674:
655:
650:
533:
513:
468:
279:
196:
3350:
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, The Forgotten Champs: The 1944 Milwaukee Chicks Oral History Project
1360:
1028:
The AAGPBL peaked in attendance during the 1948 season, when 10 teams attracted 910,000 paid fans. The
977:
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were extended to 85 feet (still five feet shorter than in regulation baseball). Teams were generally
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275:
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1583:
689:
400:
390:
376:
358:
302:
247:
243:
176:
50:
3359:
3345:
Grand Valley State University All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Oral History Project
3344:
1285:
4432:
4165:
4073:
3414:
1920:
1840:
1800:
1740:
1601:
981:
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football team) and politician Ed Kolski. Pirachy operated the Metropolitan League. Football star
231:
227:
4137:
2489:
1100:
3148:
2953:
The Glory of Their Times: The Story of the Early Days of Baseball Told by the Men Who Played It
2671:
Fidler, Merrie A. (2006). "Establishing the Public Image: Publicity and Promotion, 1943–1944".
2535:
2515:
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2117:
2107:
2012:
1912:
1900:
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1245:
1159:
in 1866, while there were several barnstorming Bloomer Girls teams. (sometimes including men)
973:
766:
684:
493:
488:
318:
267:
187:. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the
180:
138:
82:
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3932:
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3449:
3434:
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1999:
1987:
1956:
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1832:
1812:
1792:
1760:
1732:
1712:
1625:
1613:
1589:
1577:
1241:
1194:
The league went through a series of name changes during its history. It was founded as the
1146:
1029:
954:
831:
796:
756:
632:
478:
362:
350:
239:
235:
188:
148:
2781:"Baseball icon and A League of Their Own inspiration Maybelle Blair comes out as gay at 95"
2723:"All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, 1945-1952, 1976-2020, undated"
3922:
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3720:
3454:
3444:
3325:
2222:
2042:
1951:
1649:
1619:
1281:
1272:
1118:
In 2022, a spin-off television series of the 1992 film, with the same name, was released (
969:
889:
843:
314:
309:
Metropolitan League to a professional league. The result was the creation of the six-team
251:
1115:. The league is the forerunner of later-day professional league sports played by women.
3040:
4301:
4296:
4127:
3965:
3811:
3636:
3429:
2847:
A Whole New Ball Game: The Story of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
1720:
1700:
1565:
1156:
1137:
1112:
627:
425:
338:
2872:
Girls of Summer: The Real Story of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
1045:
4710:
3459:
3320:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2006:
1780:
1752:
1692:
1571:
1202:(AAGBBL). After the 1943 season, the official League name was again changed, to the
1125:
776:
290:
271:
3180:
Minutes of AAGPBL origin meeting; personal recollection of participant Sharon Roepke
2904:
2707:
Fidler, Merrie A. (2006). "Decentralization of Publicity and Promotion, 1951–1954".
2374:
4170:
3977:
3791:
2036:
2030:
1556:
1316:
1289:
1142:
873:
853:
781:
679:
259:
226:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League members performing calisthenics in
2686:
2311:"Women's baseball trailblazers reflect on the league, 75 years after its founding"
2218:"Female players hit a home run for wartime baseball — but were seen, rarely heard"
868:
858:
3118:
3657:
3349:
2617:
2049:
1993:
1935:
1170:
1132:
1092:
801:
771:
1315:
was the official song of the All-American Girls Baseball League, co-written by
4414:
3163:
2122:
2024:
1320:
1096:
848:
354:
322:
2709:
The Origin and History of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
2673:
The Origin and History of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
3335:
2018:
1950:
The current AAGPBL Players Association President is Richard Chapman, son of
1198:, but, midway through its first season of 1943, the name was changed to the
1174:
1166:
1108:
816:
806:
751:
420:
410:
2975:
1135:
documented the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League in her film
330:
truce in 1946. Many players and several managers appeared in both leagues.
3354:
2992:
1124:). The series shares a number of similarities to the film, but showrunner
3832:
3290:
791:
786:
761:
739:
327:
298:
2285:"10 Fun Facts About The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League"
2067:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Player of the Year Award
1186:
3266:"Playing With The Boys: Gender, Race, and Baseball in Post-War America"
3126:
1939:
1091:, although fictionalized, covers the founding and play of this league.
863:
826:
821:
811:
294:
17:
3802:
3339:
1173:
managed teams in the AAGPBL. The character of Jimmy Dugan, played by
878:
2375:"Their Turn at Bat: The Story of the National Girls Baseball League"
1276:
Reproduction 1944 Milwaukee Chicks uniform on display at Miller Park
2622:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Players Association
2184:
3192:"Working to Keep Girls Professional Baseball League History Alive"
1152:
Several histories of the AAGPBL have been published in book form.
221:
3250:
2993:"AAGPBL to increase support for women and girls playing baseball"
3355:"Baseball Girls" documentary, The National Film Board of Canada
2092:
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League managers
2082:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League pitching records
2077:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League fielding records
1214:(AGBL), although it continued to be popularly identified as the
3661:
3363:
2087:
List of All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
2072:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League batting records
2822:
Immodest and Sensational: 150 Years of Canadian Women in Sport
1336:
1145:
threw the first no-hitter in team and league history, for the
1040:
2062:
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League All-Star Team
230:, on April 22, 1948. The different baseball clubs are (L-R):
2394:"National Girls Baseball League's 'Kotch' Kowell dead at 91"
1141:, which was produced by the National Film Board of Canada.
61:
1943 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season
2413:"Obituary: Girls Baseball League Founder Emery A. Parichy"
1973:
in scenes recreating the induction of the league into the
3311:
3164:"All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Players"
2644:"The Hidden Queer History Behind "A League of Their Own""
159:
2824:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Ltd. p. 57.
1057:
972:, the girls were required to attend evening classes at
3217:"A League of Their Own (1992) – AFI Catalog Spotlight"
2156:"A League of Their Own (1992) – AFI Catalog Spotlight"
27:
League for women's baseball teams in the United States
2450:
2448:
2446:
2257:
Heaphy, Leslie A.; May, Mel Anthony (March 1, 2016).
1967:
65 original AAGPBL members appeared in the 1992 film
3068:"Possibly the Greatest Example of Uni-Watching Ever"
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
1190:
Logo of the All-American Girls Softball League, 1943
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4445:
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4275:
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4246:
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4189:
4151:
4113:
4106:
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3830:
3800:
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3745:
3736:
3708:
3590:
3554:
3483:
3397:
155:
144:
132:
122:
114:
96:
88:
78:
56:
46:
3041:"Otis Shepard, Baseball's Greatest Graphic Artist"
1111:were the stars of the film, which was directed by
1033:Lassies won in the league's final season (1954).
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
1981:National Women's Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
4717:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
4161:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
3391:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
3145:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
2982:, by John Bennett, Retrieved November 16, 2013.
2691:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
2505:
2503:
2494:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
1980:
1224:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
446:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
169:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
33:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
1229:In 2019, the Players' Association established
4737:Women's baseball leagues in the United States
4732:Defunct baseball leagues in the United States
3673:
3375:
2711:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 136–142.
907:
8:
2103:Major women's sport leagues in North America
2097:Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame
1309:The theme song made famous in the 1992 film
32:
4727:1954 disestablishments in the United States
2675:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 50–68.
2133:(the only three black women to play in the
1934:endeavor. Finally, in 1980, former pitcher
1204:All-American Girls Professional Ball League
1025:advertising strategy was radio broadcasts.
4655:
4629:
4613:
4547:
4515:
4449:
4402:
4279:
4250:
4218:
4110:
4006:
3900:
3742:
3696:
3680:
3666:
3658:
3382:
3368:
3360:
2458:Encyclopedia of Women's History in America
2333:
2331:
914:
900:
367:
2455:Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (August 1, 2000).
2339:"The International Girls Baseball League"
289:The women's initial tryouts were held at
258:With the entry of the United States into
3329:) is being considered for deletion. See
3096:. New York: Harper Design. p. 231.
3020:. American Girls Baseball. November 2022
2666:
2664:
1666:
1271:
1233:which promotes women's baseball for the
1185:
264:while the majority of able men were away
191:, won a league-best four championships.
4672:Asia Professional Baseball Championship
4089:Panamanian Professional Baseball League
4084:Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League
4039:Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
3018:"All-American Woman's Baseball Classic"
2702:
2700:
2553:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
2147:
375:
4069:Colombian Professional Baseball League
4024:Dominican Professional Baseball League
3270:Society for American Baseball Research
3247:National Women's Baseball Hall of Fame
2461:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 9–10.
2343:Society for American Baseball Research
2179:
2177:
1121:A League of Their Own (2022 TV series)
710:Society for American Baseball Research
31:
4757:Sports leagues disestablished in 1954
3092:Hathaway, Norman; Nadel, Dan (2014).
2642:de la Cretaz, Britni (May 30, 2018).
2551:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
2392:O'Donnell, Maureen (April 10, 2017).
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
1235:World Baseball Softball Confederation
557:World Baseball Softball Confederation
7:
4480:Chinese Professional Baseball League
4462:Chinese Professional Baseball League
4079:Curaçao Professional Baseball League
2735:from the original on August 19, 2023
2411:Crimmins, Jerry (November 1, 1992).
618:European Baseball Championship Women
587:South American Baseball Championship
4692:Triple-A National Championship Game
3295:"Muscle in the Bud" (an article in
335:International Girls Baseball League
4722:Sports leagues established in 1943
3117:AAGPBL Official (April 6, 2018).
2895:Shattuck, Debra A. (Summer 1992).
2260:Encyclopedia of Women and Baseball
1244:, the spring training home of the
1220:All-American Girls Baseball League
1208:All-American Girls Baseball League
1200:All-American Girls Baseball League
1196:All-American Girls Softball League
597:Baseball at the Pan American Games
25:
3333:to help reach a consensus. ›
3190:Newcomb, Tim (November 3, 2017).
3066:Lukas, Paul (February 14, 2014).
2951:Ritter, Lawrence S. (June 1981).
2589:"Dressed to the Nines - Timeline"
4782:Defunct women's baseball leagues
2357:"National Girls Baseball League"
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1044:
572:Africa Cup Baseball Championship
38:
4742:1943 establishments in Illinois
3039:Thorn, John (August 10, 2017).
2980:SABR Baseball Biography Project
2216:Grossman, Ron (June 24, 2018).
2099:, which includes AAGPBL exhibit
4238:China National Baseball League
2754:White, Abbey (July 16, 2022).
2593:National Baseball Hall of Fame
2573:Johnson, Anne Janette (1996).
2379:National Girls Baseball League
2309:Hasse, Nicole (May 30, 2018).
1212:American Girls Baseball League
613:European Baseball Championship
311:National Girls Baseball League
1:
4767:Baseball leagues in Wisconsin
4386:Japan Women's Baseball League
4200:List of defunct minor leagues
4181:United States Baseball League
3689:Professional baseball leagues
2577:. Detroit: Visible Ink Press.
1668:Overview of AAGPBL champions
720:Major League Baseball seasons
592:Oceania Baseball Championship
4777:Baseball leagues in Michigan
4762:Baseball leagues in Illinois
4292:Nippon Professional Baseball
3162:emilylasota (May 14, 2007).
2926:Berlage, Gai Ingham (1994).
2728:Bridgewater State University
2545:American Antiquarian Society
2525:American Antiquarian Society
2263:. McFarland. pp. 9–16.
663:Nippon Professional Baseball
4772:Baseball leagues in Indiana
4677:Asia Winter Baseball League
4034:Puerto Rico Baseball League
2113:Women's professional sports
577:Asian Baseball Championship
65:; 81 years ago
4798:
4640:Australian Baseball League
4368:Shikoku Island League Plus
1929:AAGPBL Players Association
1260:
1238:Women's Baseball World Cup
582:Women's Baseball Asian Cup
567:Women's Baseball World Cup
551:International competitions
126:
4667:
4658:
4654:
4616:
4612:
4518:
4514:
4363:Baseball Challenge League
4221:
4217:
4064:Argentine Baseball League
3699:
3695:
1906:
1886:
1866:
1846:
1826:
1806:
1786:
1766:
1746:
1726:
1706:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1395:Muskegon Lassies / Belles
1077:down and closed in 1954.
978:Josephine "JoJo" D'Angelo
37:
3331:templates for discussion
2901:Journal of Sport History
1231:American Girls Baseball,
396:1845 to 1868 in baseball
297:. Scouted from amateur
266:. The founders included
4578:Honkbal Overgangsklasse
4535:Italian Baseball League
4345:Miyazaki Phoenix League
3988:Venezuelan Major League
3877:Dominican Summer League
3440:Minneapolis Millerettes
3221:American Film Institute
3047:. Major League Baseball
2930:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2160:American Film Institute
1596:Minneapolis Millerettes
1491:Minneapolis Millerettes
623:European Cup (baseball)
371:Part of a series on the
4263:Israel Baseball League
4094:Veracruz Winter League
4029:Mexican Pacific League
3882:Florida Complex League
3872:Arizona Complex League
3555:Awards and recognition
3299:) by Barbara Gregorich
3264:Richard, A.J. (2019).
2760:The Hollywood Reporter
2361:Softball National News
1277:
1191:
562:World Baseball Classic
255:
102:; 70 years ago
100:September 5, 1954
4687:Latin American Series
4596:Honkbal Rookie League
4133:Negro league baseball
3951:Cuban National Series
3943:Non-partnered leagues
3822:South Atlantic League
3716:Major League Baseball
3630:A League of Their Own
3622:A League of Their Own
3614:A League of Their Own
3287:A Whole New Ball Game
2870:Browne, Lois (1993).
2820:Hall, M. Ann (2008).
2575:Great Women in Sports
2190:World Digital Library
1975:Baseball Hall of Fame
1970:A League of Their Own
1312:A League of Their Own
1275:
1189:
1180:A League of Their Own
1163:Baseball Hall of Fame
1088:A League of Their Own
1008:and American Magazine
705:Baseball Hall of Fame
675:Negro league baseball
651:Major League Baseball
303:informally segregated
280:Major League Baseball
234:(partially visible),
225:
207:Baseball Hall of Fame
202:show of the same name
197:A League of Their Own
175:) was a professional
4528:Italy and San Marino
4176:National Association
4123:American Association
3971:Liga Norte de México
3913:American Association
3852:Florida State League
3762:Pacific Coast League
3757:International League
3253:on January 14, 2018.
2997:AAGPBL Players Union
1954:. In 2017, he told
1263:AAGPBL Rules of Play
699:(documentary series)
416:Alexander Cartwright
4752:Baseball in Chicago
4560:Honkbal Hoofdklasse
4498:Taiwan Major League
4019:Arizona Fall League
3983:United Shore League
3905:MLB Partner Leagues
3475:Springfield Sallies
3470:South Bend Blue Sox
3420:Grand Rapids Chicks
3405:Battle Creek Belles
3297:Baseball As America
2496:. January 18, 2012.
2195:Library of Congress
1893:Grand Rapids Chicks
1873:South Bend Blue Sox
1853:South Bend Blue Sox
1821:Grand Rapids Chicks
1773:Grand Rapids Chicks
1669:
1644:Battle Creek Belles
1632:Springfield Sallies
1608:Grand Rapids Chicks
1584:South Bend Blue Sox
1515:South Bend Blue Sox
1467:Grand Rapids Chicks
1431:Springfield Sallies
1407:Battle Creek Belles
1216:All-American League
690:Baseball color line
401:Knickerbocker Rules
377:History of baseball
359:South Bend Blue Sox
278:. They feared that
248:Springfield Sallies
244:South Bend Blue Sox
34:
4747:History of Chicago
4433:KBO Futures League
4166:Continental League
4074:Cuban Elite League
3567:Player of the Year
3415:Fort Wayne Daisies
3151:on March 26, 2018.
2845:Macy, Sue (1995).
2687:"League Structure"
1921:Fort Wayne Daisies
1841:Fort Wayne Daisies
1801:Fort Wayne Daisies
1741:Fort Wayne Daisies
1667:
1602:Fort Wayne Daisies
1479:Fort Wayne Daisies
1278:
1192:
1149:on June 10, 1943.
1056:. You can help by
604:(1992–2008, 2020–)
484:Dominican Republic
406:Massachusetts Game
284:gasoline rationing
256:
232:Fort Wayne Daisies
228:Opa-locka, Florida
179:league founded by
4704:
4703:
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4699:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4510:
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4506:
4505:
4441:
4440:
4394:
4393:
4271:
4270:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4143:Union Association
4102:
4101:
3996:
3995:
3956:Curaçao AA League
3890:
3889:
3842:California League
3655:
3654:
3647:Philip K. Wrigley
3425:Kalamazoo Lassies
3196:Baseball Americaq
2928:Women in Baseball
2907:on April 29, 2007
2874:. HarperCollins.
2831:978-1-55277-021-4
2468:978-0-8160-4100-8
2398:Chicago Sun-Times
2270:978-1-47666-594-8
2108:Women in baseball
2013:Dorothy Kamenshek
1940:Chicago, Illinois
1926:
1925:
1913:Kalamazoo Lassies
1901:Kalamazoo Lassies
1638:Kalamazoo Lassies
1419:Kalamazoo Lassies
1250:Sarasota, Florida
1246:Baltimore Orioles
1074:
1073:
974:Helena Rubinstein
924:
923:
767:Vintage base ball
700:
685:Women in baseball
319:Chicago Cardinals
268:Philip K. Wrigley
181:Philip K. Wrigley
165:
164:
139:Kalamazoo Lassies
83:Philip K. Wrigley
16:(Redirected from
4789:
4682:Caribbean Series
4656:
4635:
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4571:
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4057:
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3944:
3933:MLB Draft League
3906:
3901:
3865:
3835:
3817:Northwest League
3805:
3775:
3750:
3743:
3697:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3659:
3642:Arthur Meyerhoff
3633:(2022 TV series)
3625:(1993 TV series)
3598:List of managers
3591:Related articles
3582:Pitching records
3577:Fielding records
3465:Rockford Peaches
3450:Muskegon Lassies
3435:Milwaukee Chicks
3410:Chicago Colleens
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3336:Women's baseball
3315:
3314:
3312:Official website
3274:
3273:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3249:. Archived from
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3147:. Archived from
3137:
3131:
3130:
3114:
3108:
3107:
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2916:
2914:
2912:
2903:. Archived from
2892:
2886:
2885:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2849:. Puffin Books.
2842:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2811:
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2676:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2618:"League History"
2614:
2597:
2596:
2585:
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2578:
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2561:
2559:
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2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:. April 22, 1948
2181:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2000:Dorothy Ferguson
1988:Claire Schillace
1957:Baseball America
1881:Rockford Peaches
1861:Rockford Peaches
1833:Rockford Peaches
1813:Rockford Peaches
1793:Rockford Peaches
1761:Rockford Peaches
1733:Rockford Peaches
1713:Milwaukee Chicks
1670:
1657:League champions
1626:Chicago Colleens
1614:Muskegon Lassies
1590:Milwaukee Chicks
1578:Rockford Peaches
1558:
1552:
1551:Rockford Peaches
1547:
1546:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1503:Milwaukee Chicks
1499:
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1487:
1486:
1480:
1475:
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1463:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1450:
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1443:Chicago Colleens
1439:
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1415:
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1408:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1391:
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1376:
1370:
1363:
1242:Ed Smith Stadium
1147:Rockford Peaches
1069:
1066:
1048:
1041:
1030:Rockford Peaches
951:
950:
946:
941:
940:
936:
916:
909:
902:
757:British baseball
715:Baseball by year
698:
633:Caribbean Series
441:First pro league
368:
363:Rockford Peaches
351:Arthur Meyerhoff
240:Rockford Peaches
236:Chicago Colleens
189:Rockford Peaches
177:women's baseball
156:Official website
149:Rockford Peaches
110:
108:
103:
73:
71:
66:
51:Women's baseball
42:
35:
21:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4696:
4663:
4642:
4634:MLB-affiliated:
4633:
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4600:
4587:
4582:
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4502:
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4138:Players' League
4114:
4098:
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4010:
3992:
3942:
3937:
3923:Frontier League
3918:Atlantic League
3904:
3886:
3861:
3856:
3847:Carolina League
3831:
3826:
3801:
3796:
3787:Southern League
3771:
3766:
3746:
3732:
3726:National League
3721:American League
3704:
3691:
3686:
3656:
3651:
3603:List of players
3586:
3572:Batting records
3550:
3479:
3455:Peoria Redwings
3445:Muskegon Belles
3393:
3388:
3334:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3283:
3281:Further reading
3278:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3210:
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2800:
2790:
2788:
2787:. June 17, 2022
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2532:McCusker, J. J.
2530:
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2512:McCusker, J. J.
2510:
2508:
2501:
2490:"Rules of Play"
2488:
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2417:Chicago Tribune
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2223:Chicago Tribune
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2043:Arleene Johnson
1983:
1952:Dorothy Maguire
1931:
1659:
1650:Muskegon Belles
1620:Peoria Redwings
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1455:Peoria Redwings
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1270:
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1101:Rosie O'Donnell
1083:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1054:needs expansion
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990:
984:by the league.
970:spring training
948:
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890:Baseball portal
884:
883:
844:Danish longball
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602:Summer Olympics
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315:Charles Bidwill
252:Peoria Redwings
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4125:
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4115:MLB-recognized
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4011:MLB-affiliated
4004:
3998:
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3994:
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3991:
3990:
3985:
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3963:
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3953:
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3925:
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3808:
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3782:Eastern League
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3637:Bill Allington
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3430:Kenosha Comets
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3304:External links
3302:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3256:
3234:
3223:. July 1, 2022
3208:
3182:
3173:
3154:
3141:"Victory Song"
3132:
3125:) – via
3109:
3103:978-0062262431
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2549:1800–present:
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2162:. July 1, 2022
2146:
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2138:
2120:
2118:Women's sports
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1261:Main article:
1258:
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1157:Vassar College
1138:Baseball Girls
1113:Penny Marshall
1085:The 1992 film
1082:
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451:Team nicknames
448:
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436:First pro team
433:
428:
426:Doubleday myth
423:
418:
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408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
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339:Miami, Florida
317:(owner of the
276:Paul V. Harper
219:
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194:The 1992 film
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3608:Rules of play
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3562:All-Star Team
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3460:Racine Belles
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2135:Negro leagues
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2131:Connie Morgan
2128:
2127:Mamie Johnson
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2020:
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2007:Joanne Winter
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1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Racine Belles
1691:
1689:
1685:
1676:Winning team
1671:
1665:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
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1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:Racine Belles
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1527:Racine Belles
1369:
1362:
1332:Team timeline
1331:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:art director
1283:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1257:Rules of play
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
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1176:
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1164:
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1158:
1153:
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1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:Abbi Jacobson
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1052:This section
1050:
1047:
1043:
1042:
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1034:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
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1007:
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895:
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870:
867:
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845:
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838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
828:
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823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Over-the-line
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:Related games
729:
728:
721:
718:
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708:
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701:
697:
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688:
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529:United States
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331:
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320:
316:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Wrigley Field
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Branch Rickey
269:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
217:
212:
210:
208:
203:
200:and the 2022
199:
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84:
81:
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62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4661:Inter-league
4660:
4618:
4520:
4223:
4198:
4171:Cuban League
4160:
3978:Pecos League
3792:Texas League
3701:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3390:
3324:
3296:
3286:
3269:
3259:
3251:the original
3246:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3220:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3157:
3149:the original
3144:
3135:
3112:
3093:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:
2987:
2971:
2952:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2905:the original
2900:
2890:
2871:
2865:
2846:
2840:
2821:
2815:
2801:
2791:February 22,
2789:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2765:February 22,
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2726:
2717:
2708:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2651:. Retrieved
2647:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2558:February 29,
2556:. Retrieved
2536:
2516:
2493:
2484:
2474:November 28,
2472:. Retrieved
2457:
2416:
2406:
2397:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2318:. Retrieved
2315:SBNation.com
2314:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2259:
2227:. Retrieved
2221:
2211:
2201:December 31,
2199:. Retrieved
2188:
2164:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2037:Sophie Kurys
2031:Pepper Paire
2002:(Dottie Key)
1968:
1966:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1945:Diamond Gals
1944:
1932:
1682:Losing team
1664:
1660:
1317:Pepper Paire
1310:
1308:
1299:
1295:
1290:Chicago Cubs
1286:Otis Shepard
1279:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1143:Olive Little
1136:
1131:
1119:
1117:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1062:
1058:adding to it
1053:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
991:
967:
963:
959:
930:
854:Bat and trap
695:
680:Cuban League
645:Other topics
445:
431:First league
357:cities. The
348:
332:
307:
288:
260:World War II
257:
195:
193:
172:
168:
166:
123:No. of teams
89:First season
29:
4544:Netherlands
4399:South Korea
4355:Independent
4153:Other major
4056:Independent
3896:Independent
3319:‹ The
3243:"Inductees"
2976:Jimmie Foxx
2648:Narratively
2529:1700–1799:
2509:1634–1699:
2050:June Peppas
1994:Faye Dancer
1936:June Peppas
1646:(1951–1952)
1640:(1950–1954)
1622:(1946–1951)
1616:(1946–1949)
1610:(1945–1954)
1604:(1945–1954)
1586:(1943–1954)
1580:(1943–1954)
1574:(1943–1950)
1568:(1943–1951)
1171:Jimmie Foxx
1133:Lois Siegel
1093:Geena Davis
802:Indian Ball
772:Wiffle ball
608:Asian Games
519:Puerto Rico
509:Netherlands
385:Early years
145:Most titles
135:champion(s)
4711:Categories
4415:KBO League
4337:Off-season
4002:Off-season
3227:August 27,
2739:August 19,
2166:August 27,
2142:References
2123:Toni Stone
2025:Doris Sams
1321:Nalda Bird
1305:Theme song
1226:(AAGPBL).
1097:Lori Petty
849:Schlagball
837:Comparison
832:Variations
745:Comparison
463:By country
355:Midwestern
323:Red Grange
160:aagpbl.org
118:Do or die!
107:1954-09-05
4626:Australia
3072:Uni Watch
2911:March 21,
2785:GAY TIMES
2019:Jean Faut
1977:in 1988.
1175:Tom Hanks
1167:Max Carey
1109:Tom Hanks
1002:Seventeen
988:Publicity
982:chaperone
869:Pesäpallo
859:Brännboll
817:Stoolball
807:Stickball
752:Baseball5
534:Venezuela
514:Nicaragua
469:Australia
421:Doc Adams
411:Town ball
345:Ownership
337:based in
209:in 1988.
3833:Single-A
3773:Double-A
3748:Triple-A
3702:Americas
3321:template
3291:Sue Macy
3045:Our Game
2733:Archived
2627:July 11,
2534:(1992).
2514:(1997).
2229:June 24,
2056:See also
1268:Uniforms
1165:members
1065:May 2023
1006:Newsweek
797:Fuzzball
792:Corkball
787:Tee-ball
762:Rounders
740:Softball
696:Baseball
361:and the
328:poaching
299:softball
218:Founding
4619:Oceania
4378:Women's
4107:Defunct
3484:Seasons
3323:below (
3201:May 23,
3168:YouTube
3127:Twitter
3024:May 24,
3002:May 24,
2978:at the
2653:May 30,
2320:June 7,
2294:June 4,
2048:2018 –
2041:2017 –
2035:2013 –
2029:2013 –
2023:2012 –
2017:2012 –
2011:2010 –
2005:2005 –
1998:2003 –
1992:2002 –
1986:1999 –
1679:Series
1383:62miles
1218:or the
1105:Madonna
1037:Closure
968:During
955:managed
947:⁄
937:⁄
827:Cricket
822:Old cat
812:Vitilla
668:vs. MLB
391:Origins
295:Chicago
213:History
185:Midwest
105: (
79:Founder
68: (
57:Founded
4588:Rookie
4521:Europe
4446:Taiwan
4247:Israel
3863:Rookie
3803:High-A
3617:(film)
3340:Curlie
3326:Curlie
3100:
3077:May 3,
3051:May 3,
2959:
2934:
2878:
2853:
2828:
2465:
2267:
2045:(Noga)
1652:(1953)
1634:(1948)
1628:(1948)
1598:(1944)
1592:(1944)
1081:Legacy
879:Palant
656:minors
524:Taiwan
504:Mexico
474:Canada
173:AAGPBL
97:Ceased
18:AAGPBL
4570:Minor
4552:Major
4472:Minor
4454:Major
4425:Minor
4407:Major
4314:Minor
4284:Major
4276:Japan
4231:China
4191:Minor
3738:Minor
3709:Major
3398:Teams
3123:Tweet
2541:(PDF)
2521:(PDF)
1673:Year
1381:100km
1327:Teams
1248:, in
874:Lapta
539:Other
499:Korea
494:Japan
489:Italy
115:Motto
63:(1943
47:Sport
4224:Asia
3546:1954
3541:1953
3536:1952
3531:1951
3526:1950
3521:1949
3516:1948
3511:1947
3506:1946
3501:1945
3496:1944
3491:1943
3229:2022
3203:2024
3098:ISBN
3079:2018
3053:2018
3026:2024
3004:2024
2957:ISBN
2932:ISBN
2913:2007
2876:ISBN
2851:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2793:2023
2767:2023
2741:2023
2655:2018
2629:2019
2560:2024
2476:2011
2463:ISBN
2322:2018
2296:2018
2289:WBEZ
2265:ISBN
2231:2018
2203:2013
2168:2022
1917:3–2
1908:1954
1897:2–0
1888:1953
1877:3–2
1868:1952
1857:3–2
1848:1951
1837:4–3
1828:1950
1817:3–1
1808:1949
1797:4–2
1788:1948
1777:4–3
1768:1947
1757:4–2
1748:1946
1737:4–1
1728:1945
1717:4–3
1708:1944
1697:3–0
1688:1943
1319:and
1169:and
1107:and
998:Life
994:Time
927:Play
864:Oină
782:Elle
479:Cuba
274:and
250:and
167:The
133:Last
92:1943
70:1943
3338:at
3289:by
1177:in
1060:.
293:in
151:(4)
4713::
3268:.
3245:.
3219:.
3194:.
3166:.
3143:.
3070:.
3043:.
2995:.
2955:.
2899:.
2783:.
2758:.
2731:.
2725:.
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2663:^
2646:.
2620:.
2601:^
2591:.
2543:.
2523:.
2502:^
2492:.
2425:^
2415:.
2396:.
2377:.
2359:.
2341:.
2330:^
2313:.
2287:.
2239:^
2220:.
2193:.
2187:.
2176:^
2158:.
2129:,
2125:,
1103:,
1099:,
1095:,
1004:,
1000:,
996:,
341:.
286:.
270:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
127:15
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3129:.
3121:(
3106:.
3081:.
3055:.
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2834:.
2809:.
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2769:.
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2527:.
2478:.
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2400:.
2381:.
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2137:)
1067:)
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171:(
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74:)
72:)
20:)
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