342:(VfGH) ruled that treating the slogan as a violation of decency, in certain cases, violates the fundamental right to freedom of expression under Article 10 ECHR. The specific case involved a soccer fan who had waved an ACAB flag in the stadium. According to the VfGH, the banner should "primarily refer to the tense relationship between some football fans and the police and to express the negative attitude towards the police as part of the state's regulatory power" and should therefore "not be a concrete 'insult' to certain other people". Therefore, the criticism expressed "should be accepted with a view to the special meaning and function of freedom of expression in a democratic society, taking into account all circumstances of the case".
424:, United States, 15 protesters were charged with assisting a criminal street gang for using the phrase "all cops are bastards" while wearing black clothes and carrying umbrellas. The police officers who arrested them said the protesters were members of "a group known as ACAB All Cops Are Bastards." Criminal charges against the protestors were dropped and a probe characterized the case as "deeply flawed", "insubstantial", and lacking credible evidence in support of the claim that "ACAB" is a gang.
258:
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570:
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with the message "Fuck da Police A.C.A.B." from his
Facebook profile. For this, he was later charged with violating the public order and fined €100 by the Misdemeanor Court in Karlovac. On 4 April 2019, a 26-year-old ice hockey fan was arrested for wearing a T-shirt that had a numeric version of
281:
and discussions about racially-motivated police violence spread through the United States, ACAB was more frequently referenced on social media and products bearing the acronym became available. Proponents of the term contended that ACAB means every single police officer is complicit in an
177:
The phrase "all coppers are bastards" first appeared in
England in the 1920s, then was abbreviated to "ACAB" by workers on strike in the 1940s. The acronym is historically associated with criminals in the United Kingdom. First reported as a
389:, Spain, was charged under Article 37 of the Citizen Safety Law for carrying a bag displaying the acronym "A.C.A.B." accompanied by the words "All Cats Are Beautiful". The charges were dropped 3 days later. On 15 September 2017, a man from
1258:
313:
In
Germany, usage of the term is a criminal offense when it refers to a single person. It is permitted when used to describe a large group of people. Both "ACAB" and "1312" have been deemed insults by state courts. In 2015, the
678:
247:
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ruled in reference to the term "FCK CPS" (read as 'Fuck Cops') that an insult is only punishable when it is directed at a specific, identifiable group, but left interpretation of individual cases to the criminal courts.
943:[From the road to literature, the reckless and auspicious events of the forestry industry A.C.A.B .. The linguistic contact between Italian and English in the Skinhead and Ultras subcultures].
1454:
941:"Dalla strada alla letteratura, le spericolate e propizie vicende del forestierismo A.C.A.B.. Il contatto linguistico tra italiano e inglese nelle sottoculture Skinhead e Ultras"
1005:
369:
youth was arrested for incitement to riot for wearing one, and ineffectively claimed the shirt stood for "All
Canadians Are Bastards". In January 2011, three
1644:
1629:
1634:
1441:
Ihre zahlreiche Anti-Polizeisongs sind bis heute Hymnen der linken
Bewegung, die Refrains oft Schlachtrufe, so etwa A.C.A.B. - All cops are bastards.
1259:"KARLOVČANIN DOBIO 100 EURA KAZNE JER JE NA FACEBOOKU NAPISAO ACAB Policija mladića koji nikad prije nije kažnjavan odmah prijavila prekršajnom sudu"
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football fans in
Indonesia were arrested for displaying a banner with the message "All Cops Are Bastards" on it during the league match day.
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in the 1970s, it is commonly rendered as one letter per finger, or sometimes disguised as a small dot across each knuckle. In 1970, the
1654:
1434:
996:
540:
1639:
1176:
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896:
Pollard, John (2016). "Skinhead culture: the ideologies, mythologies, religions and conspiracy theories of racist skinheads".
294:
themselves, were still responsible for what their colleagues did because they did not speak out against it or try to stop it.
47:
1315:
339:
970:
443:, popularized the initialism A.C.A.B. in their 1980s song of the same name. The term has also been used elsewhere in music:
1455:"The Incredible Herrengedeck – Molli & Korn / Die Armee der Zeigefinger – Ich kann hier absolut keinen Fehler erkennen"
1027:
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315:
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385:, was fined for wearing a T-shirt with the acronym "A.C.A.B." printed on it. On 22 May 2016, a 34-year-old woman in
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475:; it, along with the band's other anti-police songs "are still anthems of the leftist movement" to this day.
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In other
European countries, there are examples of police action toward people using ACAB in some fashion.
1078:""Kollektivbeleidigung" nur bei Bezug zu einer hinreichend überschaubaren und abgegrenzten Personengruppe"
270:
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1318:[Famous among Jakmania, What are the Meanings of A.C.A.B. and Rojali?] (in Indonesian). Tempo.co.
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462:(2014) a song with the title "A.C.A.B.", in which the acronym is interpreted as "All Cats Are Beautiful"
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and other forms of imagery in public spaces and online. The slogan is sometimes numerically rendered as
140:
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20:
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1518:
POL1Z1STENS0HN a.k.a. Jan Böhmermann - Ich hab
Polizei (Official Video) | NEO MAGAZIN ROYALE ZDFneo
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were fined for wearing T-shirts with the numbers 1312 printed on them. On 4 July 2015, a woman in
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Prosecution on the grounds of ACAB being offensive is not limited to Europe. In 2018, a group of
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follows the work of a group of riot control force policemen and tensions within the community.
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1331:"They Took Umbrellas to a Black Lives Matter Protest. The D.A. Hit Them with Gang Charges"
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410:
277:, the use of the term ACAB became more frequently used by those who oppose the police. As
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Musik, Macht, Staat: Kulturelle, soziale und politische
Wandlungsprozesse in der Moderne
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culture", while noting the phrase is used both by racist and anti-racist skinheads.
1287:[Youngster from Minsk detained for extremism for four numbers on T-shirt].
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During the 1980s, ACAB became an anti-establishment symbol, especially within the
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1285:"На парня из Минска составили протокол об экстремизме за четыре цифры на майке"
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Analele
Universităţii Din Craiova, Seria Ştiinţe Filologice Linguistică Nr. 1-2
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in Leipzig, Germany, protesting with a banner reading "ACAB, all cops are b..."
1357:"Probe Finds Phoenix Police Lacked 'Credible' Evidence in Protester Gang Case"
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subcultures. It was popularized in particular by the 1982 song "A.C.A.B." by
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system. They argued that police officers, even if they did not take part in
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1231:"Madrid police drop action against woman with All Cats Are Beautiful bag"
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1177:"Multa de 600 euros en Alicante por llevar una camiseta que pone "ACAB""
679:
List of symbols designated by the Anti-Defamation League as hate symbols
330:", which could be punished under administrative law, for example, using
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states that "many years ago" during a fad for wearing ACAB shirts, a
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226:. In later years, ACAB turned into a popular slogan among European
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also used a censored version as the title of his 1972 crime drama
1550:"The Casualties Debut New Singer in '1312' Video, Announce Album"
668:
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ran the phrase as a headline, and wrote that it was borne by a
1316:"Terkenal di Kalangan Jakmania, Apa Arti A.C.A.B. dan Rojali?"
437:
219:
469:
released the song "A.C.A.B." on their influential 1979 album
334:. The fine could be up to 700 euros (or alternatively a week
530:
in their song "1312", the lead single from their 2018 album
432:
The abbreviation was often used musically in the 1980s. The
1385:
The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 57/2008
1028:"German free speech: ACAB is A-OK, but A-hole is a no-no"
665:, in which A.C.A.B. was commonly referenced and discussed
207:
journalist saw it written on the walls of a prison cell.
406:
are both considered "extremist information" in Belarus.
250:
and describes it as "a slogan of long standing in the
997:"What I mean when I say I want to abolish the police"
242:
movements across the world. In certain contexts, the
971:"How 'ACAB' Became the Universal Anti-Police Slogan"
110:
86:
74:
64:
54:
1204:"All Cats Are Beautiful or All Cops Are Bastards?"
1109:"Verfassungsgerichtshof, E 5004/2018-11, Rz 22 ff"
504:(2017); and in the song "A.C.A.B. III" on the EP
1529:. 26 November 2015. Seen in the video at 1m:42s
1046:"Constitutional Court allows 'FCK CPS' sticker"
707:
705:
500:(2015); in the song "A.C.A.B. II" on the album
814:Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction
1151:"Football fans fined for anti-police t-shirt"
847:. Columbia University Press. pp. 78–79.
8:
1423:Mecking, Sabine; Wasserloos, Yvonne (2012).
28:
964:
962:
748:Aitken-Smith, Trent; Tyson, Ashley (2016).
1291:(in Russian). 11 June 2019. Archived from
489:in the lyrics of the song "Angst vor Punk"
36:
90:First appeared in the first half of the
701:
519:" (2015), but negating it by adding an
279:protests in response to Floyd's murder
27:
7:
1487:David Hugendick (30 November 2015).
1429:(in German). V&R unipress GmbH.
1202:Hancock, Jaime Rubio (24 May 2016).
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496:in the song "A.C.A.B." on the album
1567:Weissberg, Jay (26 February 2012).
1127:Exotic Encounters: Selected Reviews
784:Groundwater, Colin (11 June 2020).
716:. Taylor & Francis. p. 1.
1387:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 53.
1129:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 26.
810:Thompson, Tim; Black, Sue (2006).
14:
1645:Protests against police brutality
1630:Graffiti and unauthorised signage
1548:DiVita, Joe (18 September 2018).
1329:O'Connor, Meg (14 January 2021).
1314:Nurdin Saleh (21 February 2018).
1635:Political pejoratives for people
1408:Ibrahim, Stefan (2 April 2014).
1008:from the original on 2 June 2020
818:. Taylor & Francis. p.
596:
582:
568:
554:
192:on the street. British director
143:. It is commonly expressed as a
1591:"The Case of Mr. B (ACAB Case)"
1355:Kelety, Josh (12 August 2021).
939:Guerra, Nicola (January 2013).
845:Studying the British Crime Film
326:, the use of ACAB was seen as "
1265:(in Croatian). 24 January 2018
969:Poulter, James (8 June 2020).
1:
1569:"ACAB: All Cops Are Bastards"
910:10.1080/0031322X.2016.1243349
714:A Dictionary of Catch Phrases
340:Austrian Constitutional Court
332:an administrative penal order
1595:Global Freedom of Expression
1074:Federal Constitutional Court
541:ACAB – All Cops Are Bastards
538:The 2012 Italian drama film
316:Federal Constitutional Court
269:In the wake of the May 2020
246:categorizes the phrase as a
1525:(Music video) (in German).
1453:Sebastian (19 March 2019).
1080:(Press release) (in German)
947:. Universităţii din Craiova
480:The Incredible Herrengedeck
402:ACAB, 1312. "A.C.A.B." and
1673:
1125:Stableford, Brian (2009).
48:2019–2021 Chilean protests
18:
1655:Police abolition movement
786:"A brief history of ACAB"
689:Prison industrial complex
684:Police abolition movement
638:Collective responsibility
35:
1468:Skinny (17 April 2015).
1410:"Ja, Panik – Libertatia"
1383:Woodman, Gordon (2009).
712:Partridge, Eric (1986).
458:released on their album
328:violating public decency
80:All coppers are bastards
752:. Octopus. p. 13.
643:Criminal justice reform
1640:Political catchphrases
1489:"Ich hab Kulturkritik"
876:Anti-Defamation League
354:
310:
273:by the police officer
271:murder of George Floyd
266:
244:Anti-Defamation League
139:associated with those
1597:. Columbia University
898:Patterns of Prejudice
843:Elliot, Paul (2014).
750:The Tattoo Dictionary
663:George Floyd protests
623:Anti-police sentiment
502:Krabbenkoke Tape/SftB
373:football fans in the
348:
305:
260:
141:opposed to the police
130:all cops are bastards
69:Anti-police sentiment
21:ACAB (disambiguation)
1098:³ 1 Abs. 1 Z.1 WLSG.
633:Blue wall of silence
19:For other uses, see
1470:"Planktonweed Tape"
1181:Yo Me Tiro Al Monte
349:ACAB street art in
298:Prosecution history
46:sprayed during the
32:
16:Anti-police acronym
428:In popular culture
418:Black Lives Matter
355:
311:
292:racism in policing
267:
263:Black Lives Matter
261:ACAB acronym on a
240:anti-authoritarian
228:football hooligans
199:All Coppers Are...
1394:978-3-643-10157-0
1362:Phoenix New Times
1136:978-1-434-45760-8
1076:(28 April 2015).
854:978-1-906-73374-2
829:978-0-8493-3954-7
759:978-1-78472-254-8
723:978-0-415-05916-9
653:Defund the police
628:Blue Lives Matter
465:German punk band
416:Following a 2020
363:Exotic Encounters
125:, an acronym for
120:
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115:Workers on strike
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1620:1970s neologisms
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1157:. 7 January 2011
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904:(4–5): 398–419.
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532:Written in Blood
511:German satirist
498:Planktonweedtape
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422:Phoenix, Arizona
359:Brian Stableford
338:). In 2019, the
336:police detention
288:police brutality
167:English alphabet
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106:; origin unknown
94:then evolved to
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1114:. 18 June 2019.
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1054:. 28 April 2015
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1004:. 1 June 2020.
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