478:. The R.46 may have been a derivative of this vehicle, with the tracked bogie replaced by the Niblett axles. This half-track was tested as an artillery tractor by MWEE at Farnborough between either 1927 or 1929, but its speed of 14 mph was considered to be too slow. The R.46, at the same engine speed, was capable of 25 mph. The R.46 prototype did well in War Office trials and FWD were encouraged enough to offer it for civilian sale. They offered it in three versions: the R.46 DH, as built, the DL with the engine offset to one side and the driver alongside, and the DL, with then engine ahead of the driver and beneath a conventional bonnet. No R.46 of any type appear to have been sold.
862:
816:
555:, available to all gears, and which controlled the drive to the front axle. When in high ratio the transfer box worked as a 6×4 and selecting low ratio also engaged drive to the front axle. The Niblett rear suspension remained the same but the front axle was redesigned to give better articulation. The springs were still attached at the rear but at the front they were able to slide up and down in two prominent vertical girder guides. The two front ends were connected by a transverse
33:
667:
of a vacuum servo. Adjustments to the driver's cab and superstructure were also made, the most notable being the position of two crew members next to the engine slightly ahead of the driver. The cabin and cargo hold were open, but could be covered with a canvas roof. It was also fitted with some of the first 42×10.5
350:. Thousands more had been purchased by the US Army, but these were mostly redistributed within the US. By 1926 the British operation was increasingly independent and began to produce new designs. The directors were Henry Nyberg, an American from FWD, and Charles Cleaver a pre-war designer of bus chassis with the
666:
and crankshaft bearings. It now had a smaller displacement of 6.1 liters, but with 95 hp it had more power. The gearbox was also exchanged for an AEC version. The brakes were reworked so that the handbrake was now the transmission brake and the footbrake the rear drum brakes, with the assistance
457:
similar to the Model B, with the same front end and front axle, but lengthened and fitted with the
Nibblett rear axles. Two flat, straight chassis rails formed a simple flat platform. Unlike many contemporary chassis, these rails were neither tapered nor curved to improve clearances. The engine was a
441:
This suspension allowed each wheel up to 20" of suspension travel, independent of the other axle, and also the axles to pivot sideways by up to 18°. Despite this, it was a mechanically simple system and used standard live axles, with a rigid axle casing contained the half shafts, and required no
750:
in North Wales, this time with the AEC-engined R/6/T. The tests over a 158-mile test route were repeated in July with a new A141 engine with its bore enlarged from the A136's 100 mm to 110 mm and increased power of 110 bhp. With a fuel consumption of 3.4 mpg, the 48 gallon petrol tank
762:
at this time, and was under test in the Summer of 1930 in a number of AEC bus and coach chassis. Performance was slightly reduced, to the level of the earlier A136 and the all-up weight increased by half a ton, although this was mostly a reduction in the less-important maximum speed and the average
674:
The purpose of these tests was to cover a cross-country circuit including steep hills of 1 in 5 and 1 in 10, and to repeat it with increasing loads until performance began to falter. It was found that while towing an anti-aircraft gun and carrying its crew of eleven and their equipment there was an
430:. This gave increased and independent articulation to the two rear axles. A pair of semi-elliptic leaf springs on each side were mounted lengthwise on the chassis, cambered downwards. The axles were attached to the ends of both of the paired springs, with each suspended by what were effectively two
737:
A total of one R.6.T, 23 R/6/T had been built by FWD in Slough and 33 AEC 850 were built at the AEC factory in
Southall between 1932 and 1936. A further R/6/T was built as a chassis for the 1931 show, but later dismantled. This brought total production to 58. One of the Southall examples was built
703:
By the end of 1931, FWD had made a loss over the last 17 months and at the instigation of
Charles Reeve, managing director of AEC, it was decided to close down manufacturing in Slough. The R/6/T was still considered viable and there was some thought of selling the UK rights to the FWD name back to
782:
The R.68 was a civilian commercial contemporary for the R.6.T and it too was developed from the R.46. It was a six-wheel drive lorry with a capacity of 8 tons, rather than being mostly intended as a tractor. The overall wheelbase was lengthed to 14 ft 9 in (4.50 m) from 12 ft
630:
In the
November of this year, comparative tests were made between the R.6.T, a Scammell Pioneer and a 4×4 Thornycroft Hathi. The Scammell and the R.6.T were of around the same weight, the older Hathi was lighter but all were given the same test loads of 1 ton on board and a towed 3 inch gun of 6
594:
For the first time a winch was fitted. This was regarded as essential for an artillery tractor and its powerful capabilities were often remarked upon through the AEC 850's career. The winch had a horizontal drum behind the driver, with 350 feet of wire rope and a pull varying between 7.3 and 9.5
400:
chassis. A handful of all-wheel drive chassis were produced around this time, but they were often eight-wheel drive and extremely complicated, intended for ultimate wilderness performance, even at the cost of great complexity. The more popular route to off-road performance in a production lorry
622:
The brakes fitted were the foot transmission brake and rear drum handbrake. Neither of these were capable of holding the loading vehicle on the 1 in 6 test hill, which was not unusual for lorry brakes of this era. The winch though was considered to be very effective; vehicles up to 9 tons were
535:
and cylinder head each cast as single iron castings. The recently developed
Ricardo 'turbulent head' design was used. As was typical for its era, the engine, gearbox and transfer case were assembled on a subframe which was then carried on the chassis by a three-point suspension. This allowed a
389:
issued
Specification No. 30 for a 'Medium' subsidy-type lorry. The 'subsidy' scheme was to encourage the building of civilian vehicles that were built to be rugged enough to be useful in time of war. A subsidy was offered to offset their additional building cost and so that they could be
598:
The prototype body was wooden with two spare wheels carried transversely between the body and the driver. Before the trials took place, a steel body replaced this and the wheels were now carried longitudinally on the sides. The first body style can be seen in some early photos.
787:. The FWD transfer box was retained but the portal axles were replaced by conventional axles. The wheels were now smaller, not needing space for the hub reduction gears, and carried 38×9 tyres. The price in 1931 was reduced by nearly a third from the R/6/T to £1,885.
619:. Over nearly 1,800 miles of testing, both on-road and off-road, an average fuel consumption of 3.06 mpg was achieved. Average road speeds unladen were just over 30 mph and both off-road speeds and road speeds when towing an AA gun were half this.
405:, with two driven rear axles and an unpowered front steering axle. With six wheels, the off-road performance often relied on articulation between the axles, so as to keep all the wheels in contact with uneven ground. A standard lorry chassis with
551:. These hubs required a specific design of wheel rim with a large central opening, which would have made the availability of spares difficult in wartime conditions. The transmission gearbox had four gears, with an additional high and low range
734:. The chassis was priced separately from the body, at £2,135 for the six built in 1935 with bodies at £145 and £165 for breakdown and anti-aircraft tractors. By the final batch in 1936 this had risen to £2,283 15s and £160 for either body.
783:(3.7 m) and the body's loadbed was now 18 ft (5.5 m) long inside. To control costs, more standard AEC parts were used and there was no winch. The AEC engine of the R/6/T was used together with AEC gearbox and axle
462:
four-cylinder T-head of 389 cubic inches (6.4 l) producing 50 bhp. The wheels, once solid-tyred on the Model B, now benefitted from
Goodyear low-pressure 'balloon' 40×8 inch pneumatic tyres, with a diamond tread pattern.
695:
entered into a partnership as Four Wheel Drive Motors Ltd. and the earlier Four Wheel Drive Lorry
Company Ltd. was wound up. 51% of the share capital, i.e. a controlling interest, was subscribed by AEC's parent, the
631:
tons. The Hathi suffered an engine failure and was not tested. The
Scammell had Goodyear tyres with a more pronounced tread pattern, the R.6.T's Dunlop tyres had a relatively smooth tread that required the use of
678:
The first 17 production vehicles were delivered in 1930 and 6 more in 1931 & 1932, making a total of 24 including the prototype. A further chassis was built for potential commercial sale and exhibited at the
377:. As Hardy Motors Ltd. from the end of 1930 to the absorption of FWD by AEC in 1932 this was also a brand used to sell a range of all-wheel-drive lorry chassis based on AEC parts and assembled by FWD in Slough.
563:
of the short chassis so short, that the articulation angles of the shafts could become excessive. To avoid this, the shafts were lengthened by passing over the top of the axles and entering the axle case and
421:
To encourage development, the 1927 War Office
Specification offered free use of a patent suspension design developed by Lt Col H. Niblett (1882–1969), then the professor of mechanical engineering at the
754:
Another R/6/T, HX 6114, was fitted with the new AEC A155 oil engine (diesel engine) instead of the petrol engine and tested over the same route. This can be identified in photographs by the large
1043:
2552:
486:
In 1928 the War Office issued a contract, V.1806, for the supply of a prototype six-wheel drive artillery tractor. Those invited included other English companies such as
697:
1089:
Because there are multiple wraps of cable on the drum, the pulling force exerted increases as the cable is paid out and the effective diameter of the drum reduces.
2542:
513:
1001:
For pre-war crossply tyres, the size would be given as the overall diameter in inches and the sectional height of the tyre. The wheel rim for these would be
766:
In 1932, the same vehicle was used to test later oil engine models; the A161 and then in 1934 the A165. The main difference was that the A155 used the Bosch
505:. The vehicles had to be able to pull a trailer load of approximately 6 tons. It was intended to haul the heavier artillery pieces, which still had wooden
396:
chassis would remain rare and were almost unknown at this time. FWD themselves had experience with four-wheel drive chassis during World War One and their
832:
846:
trailer. The trailer had eight wheels, grouped centrally in two pairs on each side. It was usually hauled by an AEC 850 and an intermediate two-wheeled
1252:
763:
speed over the course could still be maintained. Fuel economy improved from 3.4 to 5 mpg, and this was with a fuel which only cost a third of petrol.
434:, in what was a relatively conventional design. However the paired springs were also allowed to pivot around their centres, making this effectively a
1280:
675:
additional margin of 3 tons that could be used for carrying additional armour. Engine performance was impressive, but braking was insufficient.
1860:
459:
1098:
These were still early days for the development of tread patterns and pneumatic tyres, especially for heavy vehicles and for off-road use.
638:
At the end of that year, the vehicle came back to the factory. FWD was given an order for nine vehicles, but some changes were necessary.
2537:
1956:
1890:
1821:
1234:
704:
the US company, so the company was not wound up. Instead AEC was to take over manufacture of the viable FWD products, at their plant in
1925:
1906:
1879:
1841:
1307:
916:
Another example, BMM 590, survives with a post-war recovery conversion and new crane jib, a diesel engine and an enclosed cab.
719:
The chassis were built by AEC but bodies were now built by outside contractors, as was commonplace at the time. These included the
571:
The brakes were typical for the 1920s but would be considered rudimentary today, especially for what was then a heavy chassis. The
650:
engine was of more modern design than the Dorman and was in production for AEC's buses. As well as the better gasflow from having
1811:
708:. The Slough site and London offices were closed, some useful equipment moved to Southall and the remainder was sold off.
646:
Vehicle tests continued in May 1930 at Farnborough, although the Dorman engine had now been replaced by an AEC A136. This
798:. Griffin were well known in South Africa as importers and agents for a range of British engineering products, including
2527:
2413:
1965:
692:
431:
355:
1054:
This layout was used by a number of manufacturers, in order to offer the longest possible loadbed for the same chassis.
2532:
910:
2547:
1004:
723:
410:
2456:
2035:
861:
815:
423:
913:
in Duxford. This is one of the AEC Southall-built examples of the last batch, and was fully restored in 1970.
759:
2471:
1949:
890:
2040:
527:
petrol engine of 6.6 litres and 78 bhp. This engine was of quite modern design for its period, with a
2491:
1257:
989:
608:
2362:
2357:
2110:
1833:
1685:
799:
791:
332:
2486:
2327:
898:
471:
362:
985:
588:
583:
worked drums on the four rear wheels. Neither system had any servo assistance yet, although the first
435:
988:
built a single 6×4 lorry, their WDL 6, using Niblett's suspension design. It is now part of the
1985:
1980:
559:
that could pivot on the chassis at the centre. Articulation of the rear axles was so great, and the
2496:
2461:
2100:
2060:
2020:
885:
At least one of the early recovery tractors with the tubular jib was photographed on a dockside at
831:
At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, a number of vehicles were sent to France with the
790:
A single chassis was constructed and exhibited in Olympia at the end of 1929. It was tested by the
738:
for the Royal Laval Transport Company, all the others are thought to have been for the War Office.
731:
520:
501:
This was to be a six-ton six-wheel drive artillery tractor as a more powerful replacement for the
366:
252:
2332:
2317:
770:
system with a pre-combustion chamber in the piston crown and the A161 used early versions of the
2418:
2377:
2372:
2347:
2322:
2150:
2120:
2070:
2025:
2005:
1942:
874:
851:
843:
771:
767:
532:
427:
683:
show in November 1931, at a list price of £2,950. It was never sold and was dismantled in 1935.
572:
2367:
2045:
2506:
2312:
2095:
1921:
1902:
1875:
1856:
1837:
1807:
1303:
855:
647:
624:
556:
548:
502:
328:
160:
49:
2387:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2257:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
909:
One artillery tractor, AMP 80, survives and has been preserved. It is on display at the
2408:
2267:
2262:
1995:
964:
939:
839:
820:
680:
524:
339:
107:
38:
1736:
2481:
2466:
2140:
1667:
847:
560:
506:
450:
443:
393:
347:
307:
346:
trucks, nearly three thousand of which had been purchased by the British Army during the
2090:
651:
491:
454:
373:. In 1931, this would lead to Cleaver and AEC's involvement with the highly successful
59:
1323:
967:
that superseded the R6T would be perhaps the best-known of these during WWII, but the
2521:
2476:
2382:
2085:
1772:
1064:
747:
655:
311:
2352:
2337:
2115:
2105:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2055:
824:
795:
720:
612:
584:
552:
528:
374:
256:
92:
82:
32:
1717:
758:
fuel lifter fastened to the front scuttle. The A155 was a new engine, as were all
838:
The main version used in France was the recovery tractor, mostly being used as a
2501:
2342:
2170:
2050:
2010:
1990:
1803:
1216:
972:
944:
920:
784:
632:
565:
544:
397:
343:
802:, and may have been considering a similar import arrangement for FWD products.
746:
In April 1931 MWEE carried out a further series of cross-manufacturer tests at
2392:
2165:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2030:
2000:
886:
866:
659:
580:
576:
537:
487:
467:
386:
658:
was designed so that it could be removed and refitted without disturbing the
2160:
2155:
2015:
1281:"Articulating The Point - A 1920s British take on the legendary FWD Model B"
1194:, pp. 154–164, Chapter 15: The Four and Six Wheel Drive Hardy Vehicles.
968:
536:
relatively flexible chassis to move without disturbing the alignment of the
406:
358:. The AEC connection would become an increasing aspect of the FWD company.
1934:
1754:
1703:
1107:
Ware gives a total production of 57, presumably excluding the show chassis
1063:
A nominal carrying capacity. Light military trucks of this period were 15
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
1668:"Our Engineering Section: Enterprise of the Griffin Engineering Co., Ltd"
716:
The type designation of the vehicles changed from R/6/T to the AEC 850.
705:
668:
495:
475:
331:
developed by the British Four Wheel Drive Lorry Company (FWD England) of
755:
531:
of 100 / 140 mm. The crankcase was a light alloy casting with the
370:
873:
Most examples were left behind during the evacuation of the BEF from
663:
616:
1080:
or long-stroke engine, in order to give good torque characteristics.
402:
303:
241:
1796:
Breakdown : a history of recovery vehicles in the British Army
889:, Egypt in October 1940. It was engaged in unloading materiel from
860:
814:
727:
819:
AEC 850 hauling a train of vehicles: a two-wheeled dolly, a
751:
gave a range of 164 miles, barely sufficient for the test route.
413:
was inadequate for military use, at least as a recovery vehicle.
2451:
1898:
1829:
1799:
1339:
1337:
351:
1938:
1067:(3/4 ton) and 30 cwt (1 1/2 tons), or 3 tons for a large lorry.
365:, seeking railway applications for the FWD chassis as a light
1377:
1375:
1548:
1546:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
283:
1870:
Thackray, Brian (2012). "8 The FWD R6T and AEC Type 850".
1704:"Operation Apology - Reinforcing the Western Desert Force"
794:
but eventually sold to the Griffin Engineering Company of
1650:
1648:
1563:
1561:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1121:
1119:
623:
recovered from a bog and towed artillery loads such as a
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1136:
1134:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
919:
Two other chassis survived unrestored and were at the
1686:"Tom Perrin's Dunkirk: 9th Army Field Workshop, RAOC"
1007:
1855:. Erlangen: Tankograd Publishing. pp. 167–168.
338:
FWD began in 1921 as a British subsidiary of the US
2444:
2427:
2401:
2250:
2179:
1973:
282:
270:
262:
247:
237:
227:
214:
206:
198:
190:
182:
174:
169:
156:
145:
137:
129:
121:
113:
103:
98:
88:
78:
70:
65:
55:
45:
23:
1672:The Sun & Agricultural Journal of South Africa
1037:
811:British Expeditionary Force and the Fall of France
509:without rubber tyres, or even rigid steel wheels.
25:R.6.T / R/6/T / AEC 850
1418:
1343:
923:until around 2013, but have since disappeared.
698:Underground Electric Railways Company of London
470:lorry, using a tracked rear bogie supplied by
1872:The AEC Story – From the Regent to the Monarch
1737:"AEC Model 850 Artillery Tractor, IWM Duxford"
607:From April 1929, the MWEE tested the R.6.T at
1950:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
932:Artillery tractors carrying out the same role
568:by a set of drop gears behind the axle line.
8:
1038:{\displaystyle 40-(8\times 2)\Rightarrow 24}
897:, which had arrived as part of a convoy as
512:FWD produced the R.6.T. This was tested by
1957:
1943:
1935:
1918:The Illustrated Guide to Military Vehicles
516:in 1929 and found to be quite successful.
20:
2553:Military vehicles introduced in the 1920s
1006:
466:Before the R.46, FWD had also produced a
342:, refurbishing and reselling war-surplus
1853:British Military Trucks of World War Two
1654:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1406:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1140:
1874:. Amberley Publishing. pp. 83–94.
1381:
1203:
1115:
956:
233:95 brake horsepower (71 kW) at rpm
1718:"AEC Type 850 R6T at Duxford Airfield"
1302:. Dunlop Archive Project. p. 74.
1125:
579:on a drum in the transmission and the
2543:Military trucks of the United Kingdom
1920:. London: Hermes House. p. 204.
1324:"Classic Tyre and Wheel Measurements"
627:could be winched up a 1 in 2.3 hill.
298:, later and more widely known as the
7:
1366:
547:with distinctive large hubs housing
231:AEC A136, six-cylinder petrol engine
1235:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
662:, allowing easier servicing of the
310:that was used in the early part of
869:being recovered by an AEC 850
587:systems had just been produced by
519:The first prototype of 1929 had a
14:
1300:The History of the Pneumatic Tyre
975:were also built in large numbers.
1674:. December 1922. pp. 91–93.
288:30 miles per hour (48 km/h)
31:
1735:Stuart Banham (25 March 2016).
1029:
1026:
1014:
352:London General Omnibus Company
146:
1:
1419:Ventham & Fletcher (1990)
1344:Ventham & Fletcher (1990)
774:system in the cylinder head.
361:From 1924 FWD also traded as
340:Four Wheel Drive Auto Company
178:8,840 kg (8.7 long tons)
1076:This would be considered an
687:AEC and the move to Southall
2141:Routemaster/Routemaster FRM
833:British Expeditionary Force
823:on board a trailer, then a
724:Medley, Brooker & Smith
202:103.9 in (2.64 m)
186:231.1 in (5.87 m)
2569:
2538:Military recovery vehicles
2457:Associated Daimler Company
1826:British Military Transport
1777:Historic Military Vehicles
1759:Historic Military Vehicles
1279:Jim Allen (Jun 16, 2016).
453:vehicle. It used a simple
411:semi-elliptic leaf springs
194:90.2 in (2.29 m)
760:high-speed diesel engines
549:epicyclic reduction gears
449:The R.46 was FWD's first
222:
56:Place of origin
30:
2414:Armoured Command Vehicle
1692:. BBC. 24 February 2004.
1285:MotorTrend – FourWheeler
877:at the end of May 1940.
691:In October 1929 FWD and
432:quarter-elliptic springs
390:commandeered if needed.
306:military vehicle of the
39:3 inch anti-aircraft gun
2472:British United Traction
2126:Renown (1920s two-axle)
1298:Tompkins, Eric (1981).
2492:Maudslay Motor Company
1794:Baxter, Brian (1989).
1258:Science Museum, London
1239:Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng.
1237:(1969). "Obituaries".
1039:
870:
828:
800:Sentinel steam waggons
327:The R.6.T began as an
2036:Ranger (between wars)
1851:Freathy, Les (2012).
1642:, p. 91,125,128.
1606:, pp. 90–91, 27.
1499:, pp. 14–15, 19.
1040:
864:
818:
806:Adoption into service
792:Great Western Railway
625:60-pounder and limber
611:and on manoeuvres at
543:The chassis now used
253:constant-mesh gearbox
1773:"AEC 850 or FWD R6T"
1005:
545:in-line portal axles
2528:AEC military trucks
2497:Park Royal Vehicles
1968:vehicle model range
1761:. October 24, 2015.
1618:, pp. 113–114.
1594:, pp. 109–110.
1421:, pp. 100–102.
1384:, pp. 167–168.
1045:inches in diameter.
969:Diamond T Model 980
911:Imperial War Museum
482:The R.6.T prototype
375:GWR diesel railcars
367:shunting locomotive
2533:Artillery tractors
2096:Regent III RT-type
1916:Ware, Pat (2010).
1806:. pp. 16–17.
1035:
871:
867:Morris 15cwt truck
829:
426:training college,
417:The R.46 prototype
263:Fuel capacity
99:Production history
2548:Off-road vehicles
2515:
2514:
2487:Hardy Rail Motors
2445:Related companies
2402:Armoured vehicles
2041:Ranger (post war)
1889:Ventham, Philip;
1862:978-3-936519-29-7
1555:, pp. 89–91.
1523:, pp. 88–89.
1487:, pp. 87–88.
1409:, pp. 84–85.
1217:"Herbert Niblett"
1128:, pp. 16–17.
899:Operation Apology
648:overhead camshaft
557:compensating beam
529:bore/stroke ratio
503:Thornycroft Hathi
472:Roadless Traction
460:Wisconsin Model-A
363:Hardy Rail Motors
329:artillery tractor
292:
291:
161:Artillery tractor
50:Artillery tractor
18:Artillery tractor
2560:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1931:
1912:
1885:
1866:
1847:
1817:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:WW2 People's War
1682:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
999:
993:
982:
976:
965:Scammell Pioneer
961:
940:Scammell Pioneer
840:tank transporter
821:Light Tank Mk VI
681:Commercial Motor
635:on soft ground.
589:Clayton Dewandre
575:worked a single
561:propeller shafts
507:artillery wheels
444:universal joints
436:bogie suspension
401:chassis was the
302:, was a British
285:
165:Recovery vehicle
148:
35:
26:
21:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2482:Crossley Motors
2467:British Leyland
2440:
2423:
2397:
2363:Mammoth Minor 8
2358:Mammoth Minor 6
2246:
2175:
2131:Renown (3-axle)
1969:
1963:
1928:
1915:
1909:
1895:Moving the Guns
1891:Fletcher, David
1888:
1882:
1869:
1863:
1850:
1844:
1834:The Tank Museum
1822:Fletcher, David
1820:
1814:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1655:Thackray (2012)
1653:
1646:
1640:Thackray (2012)
1638:
1634:
1628:Thackray (2012)
1626:
1622:
1616:Thackray (2012)
1614:
1610:
1604:Thackray (2012)
1602:
1598:
1592:Thackray (2012)
1590:
1586:
1580:Thackray (2012)
1578:
1574:
1568:Thackray (2012)
1566:
1559:
1553:Thackray (2012)
1551:
1544:
1538:Thackray (2012)
1536:
1527:
1521:Thackray (2012)
1519:
1515:
1509:Thackray (2012)
1507:
1503:
1497:Thackray (2012)
1495:
1491:
1485:Thackray (2012)
1483:
1470:
1464:Thackray (2012)
1462:
1458:
1452:Thackray (2012)
1450:
1446:
1440:Thackray (2012)
1438:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1407:Thackray (2012)
1405:
1388:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1328:Longstone Tyres
1322:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1192:Thackray (2012)
1190:
1186:
1180:Thackray (2012)
1178:
1174:
1168:Thackray (2012)
1166:
1147:
1141:Thackray (2012)
1139:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
983:
979:
962:
958:
953:
929:
907:
883:
854:, carrying the
827:, December 1939
813:
808:
780:
744:
714:
689:
652:overhead valves
644:
605:
484:
451:six-wheel drive
419:
394:Six-wheel drive
383:
348:First World War
325:
320:
308:interwar period
275:
273:
232:
223:
164:
71:In service
66:Service history
41:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Renown (1960s)
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Reliance (660)
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1927:978-1846815850
1926:
1913:
1907:
1886:
1880:
1867:
1861:
1848:
1842:
1818:
1812:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:. May 6, 2017.
1764:
1746:
1727:
1709:
1695:
1677:
1659:
1644:
1632:
1630:, p. 124.
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1557:
1542:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1423:
1411:
1386:
1382:Freathy (2012)
1371:
1369:, p. 204.
1348:
1333:
1315:
1308:
1290:
1264:
1244:
1226:
1208:
1204:Freathy (2012)
1196:
1184:
1182:, p. 225.
1172:
1145:
1130:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1069:
1056:
1047:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
994:
990:Science Museum
977:
955:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
942:
936:
935:
933:
928:
925:
906:
903:
882:
881:Desert service
879:
812:
809:
807:
804:
779:
776:
743:
740:
713:
710:
688:
685:
643:
640:
604:
601:
533:cylinder block
483:
480:
455:ladder chassis
418:
415:
382:
379:
354:(LGOC), later
324:
321:
319:
316:
290:
289:
286:
284:Maximum speed
280:
279:
276:
271:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
170:Specifications
167:
166:
158:
154:
153:
150:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:Unit cost
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
60:United Kingdom
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2565:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Charles H Roe
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Barreiros AEC
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Mammoth Major
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1908:0-11-290477-7
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1881:9781445603902
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1843:0-11-290570-6
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1657:, p. 92.
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:, p. 94.
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:, p. 91.
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1540:, p. 89.
1539:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1511:, p. 88.
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:, p. 93.
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:, p. 87.
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:, p. 86.
1441:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:, p. 54.
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1309:0-903214-14-8
1305:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:"WDL 6 lorry"
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1221:Grace's Guide
1218:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1170:, p. 84.
1169:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:, p. 83.
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Baxter (1989)
1122:
1120:
1116:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
998:
995:
991:
987:
981:
978:
974:
970:
966:
960:
957:
950:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
922:
917:
914:
912:
904:
902:
900:
896:
894:
888:
880:
878:
876:
868:
863:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
826:
822:
817:
810:
805:
803:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
777:
775:
773:
772:Ricardo Comet
769:
768:Acro air-cell
764:
761:
757:
752:
749:
741:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
722:
721:coachbuilders
717:
711:
709:
707:
701:
699:
694:
686:
684:
682:
676:
672:
670:
665:
661:
657:
656:cylinder head
653:
649:
641:
639:
636:
634:
628:
626:
620:
618:
614:
610:
602:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
464:
461:
456:
452:
447:
445:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
416:
414:
412:
409:suspended by
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
322:
317:
315:
313:
312:World War Two
309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
281:
277:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
162:
159:
155:
151:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
37:AEC 850 with
34:
29:
22:
16:
2409:Armoured Car
2307:
2180:Trolleybuses
2016:Merlin/Swift
1996:Bridgemaster
1917:
1894:
1871:
1852:
1825:
1795:
1788:Bibliography
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1722:AEC Southall
1721:
1712:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1459:
1447:
1414:
1327:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1206:, p. 9.
1199:
1187:
1175:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1059:
1050:
997:
980:
959:
918:
915:
908:
905:Preservation
895: (1938)
893:Denbighshire
892:
884:
872:
837:
830:
825:Bren Carrier
796:Johannesburg
789:
785:final drives
781:
765:
753:
745:
736:
718:
715:
702:
690:
677:
673:
645:
637:
629:
621:
606:
597:
593:
585:vacuum servo
570:
553:transfer box
542:
518:
511:
500:
485:
465:
448:
440:
420:
392:
385:In 1927 the
384:
360:
337:
326:
299:
295:
293:
257:transfer box
248:Transmission
122:Manufacturer
93:World War II
83:British Army
79:Used by
15:
2502:Thornycroft
1804:REME Museum
1367:Ware (2010)
1078:undersquare
992:collection.
973:Morris CDSW
945:AEC Matador
921:REME museum
633:tyre chains
609:Farnborough
591:that year.
566:final drive
442:additional
344:FWD Model B
318:Development
272:Operational
149: built
108:FWD England
74:1932 - 1940
2522:Categories
2091:Regent III
1986:500-series
1981:400-series
1813:0112904564
1802:, for the
951:References
887:Alexandria
842:hauling a
742:1931 tests
660:valvetrain
581:hand brake
577:band brake
573:foot brake
538:powertrain
525:side-valve
488:Guy Motors
468:half-track
407:live axles
387:War Office
266:48 gallons
255:, 2-speed
215:Passengers
133:£2,443 15s
2437:AEC 11.3L
2383:Roadtrain
2101:Regent IV
2086:Regent II
2061:Regal III
2021:Monocoach
1755:"Fwd r6t"
1030:⇒
1021:×
1012:−
971:and the
428:Aldershot
296:FWD R.6.T
278:164 miles
141:1927–1936
125:FWD / AEC
2507:UTIC-AEC
2434:AEC 9.6L
2353:Militant
2338:Marshall
2333:Mandator
2318:Majestic
2197:603/603T
2116:Reliance
2106:Regent V
2076:Regal VI
2066:Regal IV
2056:Regal II
1893:(1990).
1824:(1998).
984:In 1929
927:See also
891:MV
706:Southall
700:(UERL).
669:bar grip
496:Scammell
476:Hounslow
251:4-speed
157:Variants
138:Produced
114:Designed
104:Designer
2428:Engines
2378:Mustang
2373:Monarch
2348:Mercury
2343:Matador
2323:Mammoth
2151:ST-type
2121:Reliant
2071:Regal V
2051:Regal I
2026:NS-type
2011:LT-type
2006:LS-type
875:Dunkirk
856:drawbar
835:(BEF).
756:Autovac
712:AEC 850
671:tyres.
664:pistons
492:Leyland
398:Model B
371:railcar
300:AEC 850
2419:Deacon
2393:Y Type
2251:Trucks
2171:X-type
2166:T-type
2146:S-type
2081:Regent
2031:Q-type
2001:K-type
1991:B-type
1924:
1905:
1878:
1859:
1840:
1832:, for
1810:
1741:Flickr
1306:
1241:: 426.
986:Garner
852:limber
844:Tasker
654:, the
617:Dorset
603:Trials
595:tons.
521:Dorman
381:Design
333:Slough
228:Engine
199:Height
183:Length
2368:Mogul
2161:Swift
2156:Sabre
2046:Regal
1974:Buses
848:dolly
732:Duple
728:Acton
642:R/6/T
274:range
238:Drive
191:Width
2452:ACLO
2313:1100
2242:761T
2237:691T
2232:664T
2227:663T
2222:662T
2217:661T
1922:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1899:HMSO
1876:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1830:HMSO
1808:ISBN
1800:HMSO
1304:ISBN
963:The
778:R.68
748:Bala
730:and
613:Wool
523:JUL
514:MWEE
494:and
424:RASC
294:The
207:Crew
175:Mass
117:1927
89:Wars
46:Type
2388:TG6
2308:850
2303:701
2298:692
2293:691
2288:506
2283:501
2278:428
2273:201
2258:4G6
2212:607
2207:605
2202:604
2192:602
2187:601
1966:AEC
1065:cwt
850:or
726:of
693:AEC
615:in
474:of
403:6×4
369:or
356:AEC
323:FWD
304:6×6
242:6×6
147:No.
2524::
2268:18
2263:10
1901:.
1897:.
1836:.
1828:.
1798:.
1775:.
1757:.
1739:.
1720:.
1688:.
1670:.
1647:^
1560:^
1545:^
1528:^
1471:^
1426:^
1389:^
1374:^
1351:^
1336:^
1326:.
1283:.
1267:^
1255:.
1219:.
1148:^
1133:^
1118:^
1033:24
1009:40
901:.
865:A
858:.
540:.
498:.
490:,
446:.
438:.
335:.
314:.
152:58
1958:e
1951:t
1944:v
1930:.
1911:.
1884:.
1865:.
1846:.
1816:.
1743:.
1724:.
1706:.
1330:.
1312:.
1287:.
1261:.
1223:.
1027:)
1024:2
1018:8
1015:(
218:8
210:2
163:,
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