240:
356:
35:
525:, with AI-2 being a by-product of that process. An unequivocally AI-2 related behavior was found to be restricted primarily to organisms bearing known AI-2 receptor genes. Thus, while it is certainly true that some bacteria respond to AI-2, it is doubtful that it is always being produced for purposes of signaling.
544:
cells synthesize an AI-2 mimic that triggers quorum sensing and may play an important role in enlisting gut microbes that are known to assist in epithelial healing. In reporting these findings, the researchers write that their results “suggest that
503:
expression, while LsrR represses its expression in the absence of the inducer, phospho-AI-2. As AI-2 accumulates, more AI-2 is taken in via LsrABCD, phosphorylated via LsrK, and the
483:. Then, Phospho-AI-2 binds the transcriptional repressor protein, LsrR, which subsequently is released from the promoter/operator region of the lsr operon – and transcription of the
369:
101:
289:
613:
Miller, Stephen T.; Xavier, Karina B.; Campagna, Shawn R.; Taga, Michiko E.; Semmelhack, Martin F.; Bassler, Bonnie L.; Hughson, Frederick M. (2004).
514:
gene, which encodes the protein responsible for AI-2 production is widespread, the latter has mainly a primary metabolic role in the recycling of
991:
768:"Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein Influence both Synthesis and Uptake of Extracellular Autoinducer 2 in Escherichia coli"
254:
576:
437:
709:"Detection of AI-2 receptors in genomes of Enterobacteriaceae suggests a role of type-2 quorum sensing in closed ecosystems"
658:
376:
971:
981:
218:
986:
772:
572:"Purification and structural identification of an autoinducer for the luminescence system of Vibrio harveyi"
615:"Salmonella typhimurium Recognizes a Chemically Distinct Form of the Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal AI-2"
433:
141:
868:"Lack of genomic evidence of AI-2 receptors suggests a non-quorum sensing role for luxS in most bacteria"
976:
918:
515:
720:
235:
47:
693:
452:
404:
766:
Wang, Liang; Hashimoto, Yoshifumi; Tsao, Chen-Yu; Valdes, James J.; Bentley, William E. (2005).
899:
848:
799:
748:
675:
638:
595:
546:
938:
930:
889:
879:
838:
830:
789:
781:
738:
728:
667:
628:
585:
420:
312:
161:
480:
263:
InChI=1S/C5H10BO7/c1-4-5(8,3(7)2-11-4)13-6(9,10)12-4/h3,7-10H,2H2,1H3/q-1/t3-,4+,5+/m0/s1
239:
724:
273:
InChI=1/C5H10BO7/c1-4-5(8,3(7)2-11-4)13-6(9,10)12-4/h3,7-10H,2H2,1H3/q-1/t3-,4+,5+/m0/s1
121:
943:
894:
867:
843:
818:
794:
767:
743:
708:
619:
534:
510:
Doubts have been expressed regarding AI-2's status as a universal signal. Although the
424:
408:
347:
590:
571:
487:
genes is initiated. AI-2 signalling is also regulated by glucose and cAMP/CRP via the
965:
429:
34:
785:
671:
463:
445:
412:
396:
206:
819:"Evolutionary theory of bacterial quorum sensing: when is a signal not a signal?"
633:
614:
469:
457:
400:
934:
491:
operon. In the presence of glucose, low levels of cAMP/CRP result in almost no
550:
541:
451:
AI-2 is actively transported by the Lsr ABC-type transporter into the cell in
441:
335:
152:
917:
Ismail, Anisa S.; Valastyan, Julie S.; Bassler, Bonnie L. (March 17, 2016).
884:
903:
852:
834:
803:
752:
679:
642:
599:
399:
or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent) that—as the name suggests—is an
475:
919:"A Host-Produced Autoinducer-2 Mimic Activates Bacterial Quorum Sensing"
733:
533:
It has been found that in response to bacteria or to disruption of the
193:
823:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
538:
132:
656:
Miller, M. B.; Bassler, B. L. (2001). "Quorum sensing in bacteria".
346:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
17:
499:) expression. Without glucose, cAMP-CRP is needed to stimulate the
181:
553:
cells and bacteria via the AI-2 bacterial quorum-sensing system.”
416:
112:
100:
90:
817:
Diggle, S. P.; Gardner, A.; West, S. A.; Griffin, A. S. (2007).
172:
507:
transcription is de-repressed, enabling even more AI-2 uptake.
444:
and is recognized by the two-component sensor kinase LuxPQ in
223:
364:
707:Rezzonico, F.; Smits, T.H.M.; Duffy, B. (2012).
205:
694:"Chemistry - Queen Mary University of London"
64:)-2,2,6,6a-Tetrahydroxy-3a-methyltetrahydro-2
8:
570:Cao, Jie-Gang; Meighen, Edward A. (1989).
428:, AI-2 is produced and recognized by many
238:
160:
26:
942:
893:
883:
842:
793:
742:
732:
632:
589:
440:, which is produced enzymatically, with
562:
294:
259:
234:
455:and few other bacterial taxa such as
266:Key: ACKRRKSNOOISSG-VPENINKCSA-N
140:
120:
77:Dihydroxy[(2S,3R,4S)-2-methyldihydro-
7:
276:Key: ACKRRKSNOOISSG-VPENINKCBL
196:
180:
411:. AI-2 is one of only a few known
25:
866:Rezzonico, F.; Duffy, B. (2008).
436:. AI-2 arises by the reaction of
479:, where it is phosphorylated by
354:
33:
786:10.1128/JB.187.6.2066-2076.2005
577:Journal of Biological Chemistry
350:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
672:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.165
438:4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione
1:
659:Annual Review of Microbiology
591:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)88238-6
549:communication occurs between
634:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.07.020
1008:
935:10.1016/j.chom.2016.02.020
419:. First identified in the
403:, a member of a family of
992:Tetrahydroxyborate esters
344:
305:
285:
250:
82:
74:
46:
41:
32:
923:Cell Host & Microbe
885:10.1186/1471-2180-8-154
773:Journal of Bacteriology
835:10.1098/rstb.2007.2049
434:Gram-positive bacteria
68:-furodioxaborol-2-uide
529:Mimicry by host cells
340:192.940
297:O12(O(O2(OC1)C)(O)O)O
48:Preferred IUPAC name
972:Signal transduction
829:(1483): 1241–1249.
725:2012Senso..12.6645R
584:(36): 21670–21676.
405:signaling molecules
29:
982:Cell communication
734:10.3390/s120506645
453:Enterobacteriaceae
377:Infobox references
27:
522:
395:) is a furanosyl
385:Chemical compound
383:
382:
219:CompTox Dashboard
102:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
999:
956:
955:
953:
951:
946:
914:
908:
907:
897:
887:
872:BMC Microbiology
863:
857:
856:
846:
814:
808:
807:
797:
780:(6): 2066–2076.
763:
757:
756:
746:
736:
719:(5): 6645–6665.
704:
698:
697:
690:
684:
683:
653:
647:
646:
636:
610:
604:
603:
593:
567:
520:
421:marine bacterium
367:
361:
358:
357:
313:Chemical formula
243:
242:
227:
225:
209:
198:
184:
164:
144:
124:
104:
37:
30:
21:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
996:
962:
961:
960:
959:
949:
947:
916:
915:
911:
865:
864:
860:
816:
815:
811:
765:
764:
760:
706:
705:
701:
692:
691:
687:
655:
654:
650:
612:
611:
607:
569:
568:
564:
559:
531:
386:
379:
374:
373:
372: ?)
363:
359:
355:
351:
329:
325:
321:
315:
301:
298:
293:
292:
281:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
246:
236:DTXSID201027132
228:
221:
212:
199:
187:
167:
147:
127:
107:
94:
78:
70:
69:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1005:
1003:
995:
994:
989:
987:Cell signaling
984:
979:
974:
964:
963:
958:
957:
929:(4): 470–480.
909:
858:
809:
758:
699:
685:
648:
627:(5): 677–687.
620:Molecular Cell
605:
561:
560:
558:
555:
535:tight junction
530:
527:
425:Vibrio harveyi
415:incorporating
409:quorum sensing
397:borate diester
384:
381:
380:
375:
353:
352:
348:standard state
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
331:
327:
323:
319:
316:
311:
308:
307:
303:
302:
300:
299:
296:
288:
287:
286:
283:
282:
280:
279:
275:
272:
271:
269:
265:
262:
261:
253:
252:
251:
248:
247:
245:
244:
231:
229:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
202:
200:
192:
189:
188:
186:
185:
177:
175:
169:
168:
166:
165:
157:
155:
149:
148:
146:
145:
137:
135:
129:
128:
126:
125:
117:
115:
109:
108:
106:
105:
97:
95:
88:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
51:
50:
44:
43:
39:
38:
28:Autoinducer-2
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1004:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
910:
905:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
859:
854:
850:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
762:
759:
754:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
700:
695:
689:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
652:
649:
644:
640:
635:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
609:
606:
601:
597:
592:
587:
583:
579:
578:
573:
566:
563:
556:
554:
552:
548:
543:
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
518:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Gram-negative
427:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Autoinducer-2
378:
371:
366:
349:
343:
339:
337:
334:
333:
317:
314:
310:
309:
304:
295:
291:
284:
270:
260:
256:
249:
241:
237:
233:
232:
230:
220:
216:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
195:
191:
190:
183:
179:
178:
176:
174:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
156:
154:
151:
150:
143:
142:ChEMBL1230903
139:
138:
136:
134:
131:
130:
123:
119:
118:
116:
114:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
96:
92:
87:
86:
81:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
977:Cell biology
948:. Retrieved
926:
922:
912:
875:
871:
861:
826:
822:
812:
777:
771:
761:
716:
712:
702:
688:
663:
657:
651:
624:
618:
608:
581:
575:
565:
547:crosskingdom
532:
516:
511:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
474:
468:
464:Photorhabdus
462:
456:
450:
446:Vibrionaceae
423:
413:biomolecules
392:
388:
387:
83:Identifiers
75:Other names
65:
61:
57:
53:
666:: 165–199.
523:-methionine
470:Haemophilus
458:Pasteurella
401:autoinducer
306:Properties
122:CHEBI:40646
966:Categories
557:References
551:eukaryotic
542:epithelial
519:-adenosyl-
442:boric acid
336:Molar mass
153:ChemSpider
89:3D model (
539:mammalian
497:lsrABCDFG
904:18803868
853:17360270
804:15743955
753:22778662
680:11544353
643:15350213
495:operon (
476:Bacillus
407:used in
950:July 9,
944:4869860
895:2561040
878:: 154.
844:2435587
795:1064054
744:3386761
721:Bibcode
713:Sensors
600:2600086
370:what is
368: (
330:
194:PubChem
941:
902:
892:
851:
841:
802:
792:
751:
741:
678:
641:
598:
473:, and
365:verify
362:
290:SMILES
207:446576
182:C16421
162:393894
133:ChEMBL
42:Names
417:boron
255:InChI
113:ChEBI
91:JSmol
952:2024
900:PMID
849:PMID
800:PMID
749:PMID
676:PMID
639:PMID
596:PMID
512:luxS
481:LsrK
432:and
393:AI-2
173:KEGG
18:AI-2
939:PMC
931:doi
890:PMC
880:doi
839:PMC
831:doi
827:362
790:PMC
782:doi
778:187
739:PMC
729:doi
668:doi
629:doi
586:doi
582:264
505:lsr
501:lsr
493:lsr
489:lsr
485:lsr
224:EPA
197:CID
60:,6a
52:(3a
968::
937:.
927:19
925:.
921:.
898:.
888:.
874:.
870:.
847:.
837:.
825:.
821:.
798:.
788:.
776:.
770:.
747:.
737:.
727:.
717:12
715:.
711:.
674:.
664:55
662:.
637:.
625:15
623:.
617:.
594:.
580:.
574:.
537:,
467:,
461:,
448:.
326:BO
324:10
56:,6
954:.
933::
906:.
882::
876:8
855:.
833::
806:.
784::
755:.
731::
723::
696:.
682:.
670::
645:.
631::
602:.
588::
521:L
517:S
391:(
360:N
328:7
322:H
320:5
318:C
226:)
222:(
93:)
66:H
62:R
58:S
54:S
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
