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amplitude modulation. The systems all did this in similar (but not completely compatible) ways. As with FM stereo, all of the AM stereo designs used pilot tones (unheard parts of the broadcast signal) to alert the receiver electronics that a stereo signal was coming in and to switch the receiver into the proper decoding mode. The original Harris
Corporation system was later changed to match the Motorola C-QUAM pilot tone for indicating the station was in stereo, thus making it compatible with all C-QUAM receivers.
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518:. This system used an entirely different principle—using independently modulated upper and lower sidebands. While a station using the system would sound best with proper decoding, it was also possible to use two standard AM radios (one tuned above and the other below the primary carrier) to achieve the stereophonic effect, although with poor stereo separation and fidelity compared to a proper Kahn system AM stereo receiver. One of the best known stations to use the Kahn system was 890/
2310:
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2347:
2414:
409:, a major manufacturer of radio/TV transmitters. It incorporated a left minus right component which was frequency modulated by about 1 kHz. Harris is the successor to the pioneer Gates radio line, which has changed its name in 2014 to Gates-Air. The Harris system eventually changed their pilot tone to be compatible with C-QUAM, after C-QUAM became the more popular and eventually, the FCC approved standard.
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issues with its design though it was much easier to implement than the other systems. It and the Kahn system did not suffer from platform motion (platform motion is where the stereo balance would shift from one side to the other and then back to center) but the use of low level frequency modulation did not permit a high separation of L and R channels.
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because AM covers a wide geographic area compared to FM, in addition to the government's adoption of a single standard (Motorola C-QUAM) several years sooner than the USA, and
Australia's relatively late adoption of FM (the frequencies in the FM band were originally allocated for TV). As of June 2008
534:) on one side of the frequency vs the other, it would affect the audio response of that channel and thus the stereo signal would be affected. Also, Kahn refused to license any radio receivers manufacturers with his design, although multi-system receivers were manufactured by various companies such as
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system would become the standard. This announcement was met with harsh criticism and a series of lawsuits. In
September 1980, the FCC rescinded its decision on Magnavox and started all over again, putting two senior technical consultants to work on the problem full-time for five months. On March 4,
485:
Including the L+R audio in the phase modulated portion of the signal is the very reason the C-QUAM method of AM Stereo is, as the name implies, 100% compatible with mono AM radios. This technique resolves a distortion issue which arises when left only or right only audio is transmitted using a basic
720:
adopted C-QUAM because of the narrow
Japanese FM band, which at the time covered only 14 MHz (76-90 MHz), as opposed to the 20.5 MHz used in the rest of the world (87.5-108 MHz). However, it is now quite rare to see AM radios with the stereo function at appliance stores in Japan
586:
in transmitters using a tube in the final stage, where the audio is applied to the plate voltage of the tube; in solid state transmitters, various different techniques are available that are more efficient at lower power levels). The Belar system (by the company of the same name) was dropped due to
465:
was developed and promoted primarily by
Motorola, a longtime manufacturer of two-way radio equipment. It became the dominant system by the late 1980s, and was declared the official standard by the FCC in 1993. While many stations in the USA have since discontinued broadcasting in stereo, many still
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system. It was initially declared the AM stereo standard by the FCC in 1980, but the FCC later declared that stations were free to choose any system. As with the Harris system, it was popular in the 1980s, but most stations stopped broadcasting in stereo, or downgraded to the C-QUAM system as time
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The
Magnavox PMX, Harris Corporation V-CPM, and Motorola C-QUAM (Compatible—Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) were all based around modulating the phase and amplitude of the carrier, placing the stereo information in the phase modulated portion, while the standard mono (L+R) information is in the
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Nonetheless, this system remained competitive with C-QUAM into the late 1980s and Kahn was very vocal about its advantages over
Motorola's system. Kahn filed a lawsuit claiming that the Motorola system did not meet FCC emission bandwidth specifications, but by that time, C-QUAM had already been
615:
dropped their system and instead endorsed C-QUAM. During this time, radio manufactures either made receivers which decoded just one system, or decoded all four. The multiple systems used greatly confused consumers and severely impacted consumer adoption. As a result of this confusion, and the
185:
Initially adopted by many commercial AM broadcasters in the mid to late 1980s, AM stereo broadcasting soon began to decline due to a lack of receivers (most "AM/FM stereo" radios only receive in stereo on FM), a growing exodus of music broadcasters to FM, concentration of ownership of the few
481:
The C-QUAM exciter replaces the crystal stage in an AM transmitter. The C-QUAM signal, consists of a phase modulated portion which is made up of both the L+R and L-R audio information and a conventional L+R (mono) portion, which is amplitude modulated. C-QUAM is a modified form of quadrature
211:
Early experiments with stereo AM radio involved two separate stations (both AM or sometimes one AM and one FM) broadcasting the left and right audio channels. This system was not very practical, as it required the listener to use two separate receivers. Synchronization was problematic, often
363:
certification program begins. This was to set an official manufacturing standard for high-quality AM radio receivers, with a wider audio bandwidth for higher fidelity reception of strong signals, and optionally C-QUAM AM stereo. Despite the availability of AMAX receivers from companies like
581:
in the 1950s, was a simple FM/AM modulation system, with an attenuated L-R signal frequency modulating the carrier (with a 400 μs pre-emphasis) in the extent of +/- 320 Hz around the center frequency, and the L+R doing the normal "high level" AM modulation (usually referred to as
700:
50,000-watt stations, and are more concerned with listening range than stereo sound (although there is no proof that use of AM stereo affects listening range). As a result, these stations still have the necessary equipment to broadcast in stereo, but it is left unused (or converted to
705:). Also, many former AM stereo stations were bought up by broadcasting conglomerates, which generally discourage AM stereo broadcasting. In the United States, most stations currently using AM stereo are small, independently owned and broadcast a variety of music format.
836:
have "hybrid modes" which let a station broadcast a standard AM signal along with the digital information. While these transmission modes allow standard AM, they are not compatible with any AM stereo system (meaning both cannot be broadcast at the same time).
783:(CRTC) licensing stations by format and their hit/non-hit rules for FM (hence, more music stations on AM). However, unlike in the USA, some former AM stereo stations have moved to the FM band and left the AM band altogether instead of simply reverting to mono.
803:
radio broadcast of the Robb Spewak show. The show spotlighted music from the quadraphonic era on the 40th anniversary of the format's release in
America and was engineered by Tab Patterson. All the music was from discrete 4-channel tapes, then encoded into
553:
Kahn's AM stereo design was later revamped for monaural use and used in the Power-Side system, in which a decreased signal in one sideband is used to improve coverage and loudness, especially with directional antenna arrays. Power-Side became the basis for
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off the
British coast, there were announcements that another such station, provisionally called Stereo Hits 576, would soon follow, using AM stereo on an adjacent frequency to Laser. Nothing ever came of this project and 576 kHz was adopted by
186:
remaining stations in the hands of large corporations and the removal of music from AM stations in favor of news/talk or sports broadcasting. By 2001, most of the former AM stereo broadcasters were no longer stereo or had left the AM band entirely.
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1982, the FCC decided to let the marketplace decide, meaning that all four standards were allowed. After the 1982 decision, many stations implemented one of the four standards. Initially, all systems remained competitive, but by the later 1980s,
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C-QUAM had been long criticized by the Kahn-Hazeltine system's creator, Leonard Kahn as being inferior to his system. First generation C-QUAM receivers suffered from "platform motion" effects when listening to stations received via
737:), broadcasting in stereo on AM. Also, it was decided in 2021 to transition most AM commercial stations to FM by 2028, due to an expansion of the FM band by 5 MHz (90-95 MHz) to provide for FM relays of those stations.
245:
In the 1950s, several AM stereo systems were proposed (including the original RCA AM/FM system which later became the Belar system in the 1970s) but the FCC did not propose any standard as AM was still dominant over FM at the
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599:(FCC) started a series of five-year tests to determine which of the five competing standards would be selected. By the end of the testing period, the Belar system was dropped. In April 1980, the FCC announced that the
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In many countries where the AM band was still dominant, AM stereo radios continued to be manufactured and marketed, and stations still broadcast stereo signals; the last C-QUAM compatible models to be produced were
529:
array on directional AM (common on a lot of nighttime and some daytime stations) had to have a flat response across the entire 20 kHz AM channel. If the array had a higher reactance value (leading to a higher
387:. These new digital radios receive AM stereo signals, although the AM transmitters are now limited to 10 kHz audio bandwidth and the HD receivers flip left and right channels in decoding C-QUAM stereo.
687:
Globally, interest in and use of AM stereo has been declining steadily since the 1990s, as many music stations have continued to move to the FM band. As a result, the vast majority of AM stations broadcast
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because of the decline in AM stereo stations and the limited available area, mainly in densely populated areas. 14 of the 16 stereo stations have since reverted to mono, 12 since the start of 2010 (
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780:
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Europe: After some experiments in the 1980s, AM stereo was deemed to be unsuitable for the crowded band conditions and narrow bandwidths associated with AM broadcasting in Europe. However,
525:
However, the Kahn system suffered from lower stereo separation above 5 kHz (reaching none at 7 kHz whereas FM stereo has 40 dB or more separation at 15 kHz) and the
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resulting in "ping-pong" effects between the two channels. Reception was also likely to be different between the two stations, and many listeners used mismatching models of receivers.
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approved and implemented AM stereo systems. Most governments approved a single standard, usually
Motorola's C-QUAM, which greatly reduced confusion and increased user adoption.
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After the early experiments with two stations, a number of systems were invented to broadcast a stereo signal in a way which was compatible with standard AM receivers.
853:
242:, using two transmitters: one on 1120 kHz and the other on 1320 kHz. However stereo separation was poor, to preserve compatibility for mono listeners.
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1993: The FCC makes C-QUAM the AM stereo standard for stations in the U.S., and also grants "stereo preference" for radio stations requesting to move to the
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376:, and AMAX-certified car radios from the domestic and Japanese automakers, most electronics manufacturers did not wish to implement the more costly AMAX
290:
certification as the AM stereo standard for political reasons. Belar had dropped out of the AM stereo race due to receiver distortion problems, leaving
466:
have the necessary equipment to do so. C-QUAM is still popular in some other parts of the world where it was declared the official standard such as
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In 1993, the FCC declared Motorola's C-QUAM system the standard. To ensure that all AM stereo receivers maintained the same sound quality, the
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modulation in that the phase modulated audio consists of both the L+R and L-R portions, modulated 90 degrees out of phase with each other.
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1513:
494:. Later improvements by Motorola minimized the platform motion effect and increased audio quality and stereo separation, especially on
425:) was among the first stations to broadcast in Harris AM stereo. The Harris system is currently no longer used in its original form.
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624:
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320:, and a number of import automakers begin installing C-QUAM AM stereo receivers in automobiles, beginning with the 1985 model year.
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AM stations broadcast C-QUAM AM stereo. At its peak popularity in the late 1980s the majority of stations did. Currently,
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abandons its AM stereo system and puts its support behind C-QUAM (Harris continues to manufacture C-QUAM equipment today).
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system as the official AM stereo standard. The FCC's research is immediately accused of being flawed and incomplete.
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2006 to present: AM stereo gains new life through the support for C-QUAM decoding in most receivers designed for
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than in the USA. This may have been due to the Canadian government's decision to use a single standard, and the
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1982: After a series of lawsuits and accusations, the FCC decides to let the marketplace decide and revokes the
558:, Compatible AM Digital, a new digital system being promoted by Leonard Kahn and used on several AM stations.
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AM Stereo articles from Radio-Electronics Dec77, Popular-Electronics Dec78, and Popular-Electronics Aug80
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Brazil: AM stereo was considered in the 90s, however it never was implemented because of economic reasons.
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356:(1610–1700 kHz), although such stations have never actually been required to transmit in stereo.
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Kahn receiver chips have also been used as an inexpensive method for providing high frequency (
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This system, known as V-CPM for Variable Angle Compatible Phase Multiplex, was developed by
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225:, FM overtook AM as the dominant broadcast radio band in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
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522:, Chicago. WLS later used the Motorola C-QUAM system instead before reverting to mono.
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design in their radios, so most AM radios today remain in mono with limited fidelity.
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Popular Electronics, pages 57 & 58; August 1980 issue; retrieved June 26, 2022.
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Popular Electronics, pages 57 & 58; August 1980 issue; retrieved June 26, 2022.
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832:(in the United States). Some of these digital radio systems, most notably
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formats. Many of the stations that initially implemented AM stereo are
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had a clear majority of stations and receivers. Around this same time,
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Japan: Between 1992 and 1996, 16 commercial broadcasting companies in
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1980: After five years of testing the five systems, the United States
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Radio stations around the world are converting to various systems of
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was the (then) 50,000-watt clear channel Magnavox flagship station.
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is a term given to a series of mutually incompatible techniques for
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broadcast in AM stereo until the closure of its AM network in 2019.
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C-QUAM AM stereo remains in use today on a handful of stations in
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continued growth of the FM band, interest in AM stereo dwindled.
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The Belar system was used in limited number of stations, such as
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runs a stereo program on eight AM stations, four on each channel.
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960:"Double trouble: Will the industry let stereo save AM radio?"
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Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
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is the only station that broadcasts AM stereo in Australia.
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Japan's SRF-A300 portable model, discontinued in 2011, and
679:'s F-D3 tuner for component audio, discontinued in 2013.
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declared as the single standard for AM stereo in the USA.
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546:, which could receive any of the four AM stereo systems.
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and transmitted using their stereo C-QUAM transmitter.
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Following the launch of the American-owned, ship-based
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This system was developed by electronics manufacturer,
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Template:AM Stereo radio stations in the United States
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565:) receivers with synchronous detection technology.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
639:In the early 1980s, other countries, most notably
327:1985: AM stereo broadcasting officially begins in
149:band in a manner that is compatible with standard
799:(AM 1630) in Coralville, Iowa, aired a four-hour
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1730:
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775:Canada: AM stereo was more widely adopted in
342:adopt C-QUAM as their standard for AM stereo.
8:
709:United States: For a list of stations, see (
349:adopts C-QUAM as its standard for AM stereo.
577:. The Belar system, originally designed by
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156:. There are two main classes of systems:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2296:The following 110 stations broadcast in
27:Stereo modulation system for mediumwave.
1761:The following 45 stations broadcast in
1111:AM Stereo Audio Soundbites over the air
846:
160:(ISB) systems, promoted principally by
1106:Another AM stereo enthusiast's website
506:The Kahn-Hazeltine system also called
249:1960: AM stereo first demonstrated on
221:was first implemented in 1961. In the
7:
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958:Lehrman, Paul D. (October 5, 1982).
910:Lehrman, Paul D. (October 5, 1982).
860:, March 22, 1925, Section 6, page 6.
740:Australia: AM stereo was popular in
621:National Association of Broadcasters
486:L-R quadrature modulation approach.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1753:radio stations in the United States
1585:
510:was developed by American engineer
498:-certified receivers in the 1990s.
301:, Magnavox, and the Kahn/Hazeltine
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1122:Amateur experiments with AM stereo
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625:Electronic Industries Association
597:Federal Communications Commission
277:Federal Communications Commission
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870:Mehrab, Gerald J. (2008-02-01).
178:systems (conceptually closer to
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172:quadrature amplitude modulation
45:needs additional citations for
3010:Mor. Thor. Bor. Thi Sam Sip Et
1627:Error detection and correction
417:, Canada (also serving nearby
1:
591:Adoption in the United States
2910:Radio de Vliegende Hollander
1116:Technical data on AM HD/IBOC
731:Wakayama Broadcasting System
725:), leaving only 2 stations,
3016:Nueng Por. Nor. Phak Phiset
1700:Comparison of radio systems
331:, with the C-QUAM standard.
238:) broadcast in stereo from
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2933:People's Republic of China
1673:International broadcasting
1642:FM extended band in Brazil
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912:"The technological swamp"
2282:AM stereo radio stations
3560:Stereophonic techniques
2913:Radio Impuls AMersfoort
1652:Shortwave relay station
1551:Audio signal processing
631:certification program.
3007:Mor. Thor. Bor. Sip-Et
1546:Audio data compression
1101:AM Stereo Station List
1096:AM stereo tuner source
822:Digital Radio Mondiale
795:On February 26, 2010,
240:New Haven, Connecticut
203:
3550:Broadcast engineering
1647:Multipath propagation
1470:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
1340:Frequency allocations
1215:Frequency allocations
1052:"AM estéreo (TEL053)"
516:Hazeltine Corporation
192:
3022:Phon Nueng. Ror. Or.
1600:Technical (emission)
392:Broadcasting systems
303:independent sideband
263:independent sideband
158:independent sideband
54:improve this article
2874:RadiOlina Atripalda
2841:Zenith Classic Rock
1126:Alabama Media Page.
1032:on 18 February 2022
880:Northport, New York
858:Cincinnati Enquirer
532:Standing wave ratio
279:(FCC) selected the
3052:Wor. Sor. Por. 711
2868:Media Veneta Radio
964:The Boston Phoenix
916:The Boston Phoenix
806:Dolby Pro-Logic II
694:sports/sports talk
613:Harris Corporation
407:Harris Corporation
322:Harris Corporation
299:Harris Corporation
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165:broadcast engineer
137:radio broadcasting
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3049:Wor. Por. Thor. 2
3043:Thor. Phor. Nueng
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2880:Radio Milano 1602
2420:Republic of Korea
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1539:Technical (audio)
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261:, using the Kahn
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1002:. 16 June 2021
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1166:digital audio
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1064:on 2018-10-27
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969:September 25,
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401:Harris System
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3063:By frequency
3040:Thor. Or. 01
2963:RTHK Radio 5
2958:RTHK Radio 3
2300:A.M. stereo.
2295:
2281:
2013:By frequency
1765:
1760:
1750:
1685:
1561:
1169:broadcasting
1066:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1025:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
999:The Mainichi
997:
988:
983:Lehrman 1982
979:
967:. Retrieved
963:
953:
942:
931:
919:. Retrieved
915:
905:
894:
883:. Retrieved
875:
865:
857:
849:
815:
801:quadraphonic
794:
686:
669:
656:pirate radio
653:
638:
627:started the
618:
594:
572:
569:Belar System
560:
552:
548:
524:
505:
488:
484:
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461:
432:
404:
395:
217:
214:
210:
184:
176:multiplexing
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2998:Jor. Sor. 6
2995:Jor. Sor. 5
2992:Jor. Sor. 1
2900:Netherlands
2353:Philippines
1775:By callsign
1617:Cable radio
1560:Technical (
1320:DVB-T2 Lite
1176:Terrestrial
1086:France Bleu
872:"AM Stereo"
770:France Bleu
727:Radio Osaka
723:ja:AMステレオ放送
69:"AM stereo"
3544:Categories
3004:Mor. Thor.
2916:Radio TPOT
2877:Radio Gold
2871:Mini Radio
1499:DirectBand
1485:Subcarrier
1187:modulation
1068:2018-10-27
885:2010-09-26
841:References
820:, such as
563:world band
448:Fort Wayne
437:. It is a
359:1993: The
80:newspapers
3001:Mor. Kor.
2950:Hong Kong
2784:Australia
2758:(ZYI-ZYL)
1766:AM stereo
1751:AM stereo
1562:AM stereo
1421:Sirius XM
1414:providers
1333:Satellite
747:Melbourne
742:Australia
690:news/talk
667:instead.
660:Laser 558
645:Australia
476:Australia
329:Australia
219:FM stereo
180:FM stereo
154:receivers
133:AM stereo
18:AM Stereo
3019:Or. Sor.
2985:Thailand
2817:AMAX-385
1661:Cultural
1591:Magnavox
1564:formats)
1514:SCA/SCMO
1509:RDS/RBDS
1312:HD Radio
1302:DRM/DRM+
1297:DAB/DAB+
834:HD Radio
830:HD Radio
758:Motorola
735:ja:和歌山放送
703:HD Radio
658:station
623:and the
606:Motorola
601:Magnavox
514:and the
435:Magnavox
423:Michigan
385:HD Radio
318:Chrysler
292:Motorola
288:Magnavox
281:Magnavox
251:XETRA-AM
229:Timeline
200:receiver
162:American
2834:Ireland
2355:(DW-DZ)
1487:signals
1455:AMR-WB+
1307:FMeXtra
1006:10 July
677:Pioneer
492:skywave
452:Indiana
419:Detroit
305:system.
265:system.
255:Tijuana
207:History
145:in the
94:scholar
2982:
2947:
2930:
2897:
2855:
2831:
2810:Greece
2807:
2781:
2767:ZYK280
2764:ZYJ494
2756:Brazil
2753:
2504:(K, W)
2499:
2469:
2447:Panama
2444:
2417:
2350:
2316:Canada
2313:
2298:C-QUAM
1763:C-QUAM
1581:Harris
1576:C-QUAM
1465:HE-AAC
1442:Codecs
1426:Canada
1392:DVB-SH
1366:S band
1361:L band
1347:C band
1271:L band
1162:Analog
1090:French
1036:14 May
777:Canada
766:Greece
641:Canada
609:C-QUAM
542:, and
540:Sansui
474:, and
468:Canada
463:C-QUAM
345:1992:
340:Mexico
336:Canada
334:1988:
308:1984:
295:C-QUAM
268:1963:
259:Mexico
197:stereo
174:(QAM)
170:; and
140:stereo
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2858:Italy
2472:Japan
1571:Belar
1397:S-DMB
1387:DAB-S
1292:CAM-D
1205:COFDM
1184:Radio
1062:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
1022:"4WK"
762:Italy
718:Japan
649:Japan
556:CAM-D
544:Sanyo
472:Japan
378:tuner
374:Denon
347:Japan
246:time.
143:audio
101:JSTOR
87:books
3529:1660
3524:1660
3519:1650
3515:1602
3512:1593
3509:1593
3506:1584
3503:1584
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3494:1530
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3487:1503
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3478:1490
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3381:1340
3377:1332
3373:1330
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3363:1314
3358:1310
3353:1310
3349:1305
3345:1290
3341:1287
3338:1278
3335:1260
3331:1260
3326:1240
3321:1240
3317:1233
3313:1230
3308:1230
3303:1220
3299:1206
3295:1206
3291:1188
3287:1170
3283:1116
3280:1107
3277:1098
3274:1098
3271:1080
3267:1080
3262:1080
3258:1053
3255:1040
3252:1035
3248:1035
3243:1030
2738:WZZB
2733:WZKY
2728:WYLD
2723:WXYG
2718:WWLX
2713:WTOU
2708:WRDN
2703:WPCI
2698:WPAX
2693:WOKR
2688:WOAP
2683:WNNC
2678:WMMI
2673:WLWL
2668:WKTE
2663:WKDA
2658:WJIB
2653:WIRY
2648:WION
2643:WIOE
2638:WINY
2633:WIKE
2628:WGOL
2623:WENK
2618:WEMG
2613:WBLQ
2608:WBBT
2603:WATX
2598:WARB
2591:KYMO
2586:KYET
2581:KWHW
2576:KVON
2571:KSVE
2566:KSUM
2561:KRRS
2556:KRGE
2551:KQWB
2546:KKIN
2541:KINY
2536:KGAK
2531:KFRO
2526:KDUN
2521:KCSR
2516:KCLI
2511:KBPS
2485:JOVF
2481:JOUF
2474:(JO)
2455:HOJ2
2449:(HO)
2429:HLSQ
2422:(HL)
2402:DZXL
2397:DZME
2392:DZAS
2387:DYRL
2382:DYRC
2377:DYDD
2372:DWRS
2367:DWPM
2362:DWIZ
2335:CKJH
2330:CHQT
2325:CFCO
2240:1660
2235:1660
2230:1650
2225:1580
2220:1490
2215:1490
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2205:1450
2200:1450
2195:1450
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2185:1430
2180:1430
2175:1390
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2165:1370
2160:1350
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2145:1330
2140:1320
2135:1310
2130:1310
2125:1290
2120:1240
2115:1240
2110:1230
2105:1230
2100:1220
2095:1170
2090:1080
2085:1080
2080:1030
2004:WZZB
1999:WZKY
1994:WYLD
1989:WXYG
1984:WWLX
1979:WTOU
1974:WRDN
1969:WPCI
1964:WPAX
1959:WOKR
1954:WOAP
1949:WNNC
1944:WMMI
1939:WLWL
1934:WKDA
1929:WJIB
1924:WIRY
1919:WION
1914:WIOE
1909:WINY
1904:WIKE
1899:WGOL
1894:WENK
1889:WEMG
1884:WBLQ
1879:WBBT
1874:WATX
1869:WARB
1862:KYMO
1857:KYET
1852:KWHW
1847:KVON
1842:KSVE
1837:KSUM
1832:KRRS
1827:KRGE
1822:KQWB
1817:KKIN
1812:KINY
1807:KGAK
1802:KFRO
1797:KDUN
1792:KCSR
1787:KCLI
1782:KBPS
1519:DARC
1494:AMSS
1475:DRA+
1356:band
1265:high
1164:and
1038:2021
1008:2021
971:2024
923:2024
797:KCJJ
764:and
729:and
673:Sony
647:and
629:AMAX
536:Sony
496:AMAX
444:WOWO
411:CKLW
366:Sony
361:AMAX
338:and
314:Ford
270:WHAZ
236:WDRC
73:news
3239:990
3236:981
3232:963
3227:940
3222:930
3217:927
3213:920
3209:920
3205:918
3201:900
3196:882
3191:880
3186:830
3182:801
3178:800
3173:800
3169:792
3165:792
3160:783
3155:770
3151:765
3147:750
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3139:740
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3132:711
3128:702
3123:700
3119:657
3115:648
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3108:630
3104:630
3099:610
3095:594
3091:590
3086:567
3082:567
3079:558
3075:558
3070:540
2792:4WK
2075:940
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2065:920
2060:900
2055:830
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2045:770
2040:740
2035:700
2030:610
2025:590
2020:540
1504:PAD
1460:HDC
1450:AAC
1402:SDR
1382:ADR
1316:CDR
1275:UHF
1261:mid
1257:low
1253:VHF
1026:4WK
828:or
826:DAB
751:4WK
745:no
692:or
579:RCA
575:WJR
520:WLS
508:ISB
446:in
413:in
182:).
56:by
3546::
1263:/
1259:/
1247:HF
1243:SW
1237:MF
1233:MW
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1223:LW
1200:FM
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