366:
425:
simultaneously. Later designations such as the AN/PVS-4A use two common AA batteries (BA-3058/U) via a purpose-built adapter (PN A3009873) that attaches to one of the circular battery compartments. Use of the adapter negates the need for BA-5567/U and BA-3058/U. AN/PVS-4s still in use today are typically upgraded with the AA battery adapter even if they have not been upgraded to a third generation tube. Some AN/PVS-4A models made after 1984 feature an integral AA battery housing that does not require the use of an external AA battery adapter.
981:
1061:
713:
1003:
805:
789:
769:
753:
1042:
737:
498:
490:
822:
1022:
1336:
29:
1343:
365:
817:
The
Stinger reticle is very different in that it is a rear-mounted illuminated reticle -the reticle is built into the tube and positioned on top of the screen so both the screen and reticle are in focus. It also allows red-on-green illumination which makes the reticle stand out. The top circle is the
552:
required firing a minimum of 20 rounds to seat before the zeroing procedures could begin, leading to an excessive expenditure of ammunition. The sight reticles were subsequently modified, requiring only 2 rounds for seating purposes. Early reticles for the M16/M203 could not be zeroed for each weapon
349:
Unlike earlier passive starlight weapon scopes the AN/PVS-4 provided a high quality image without significant distortion, could adjust to changing ambient light conditions, was able to take multiple reticles to operate in many roles and had protective features allowing it to shut down in the event of
452:
The MX-9644 tube was also continued in the form of the MX9644/UV which was a second generation tube although evidence exists that a further hybrid tube (Gen3 tube attached by FO to a Gen1 tube) was developed under this specification to provide far more gain, improved S/N and lower EBI. Hybrid tubes
424:
The AN/PVS-4 uses a 25mm screw-type variable-gain Image
Intensifier tube. Operational voltage is 3.0 Volts. Early production models feature two circular battery compartments located on the main housing. These battery compartments are designed to accommodate one 3.0V BA-5567/U, or two 1.5V BA-3058/U
456:
The ITT F4849 and ITT F4960 (MX-11619 and MX-11620) were also developed which use a 25mm Gen3 tube. As these tubes were proximity focussed, it was necessary to add a Fiber-Optic inverter to the tube to both extend the optical length of the device and the Gen3 photocathode was also mounted in some
460:
Two other tube developments that occurred but were not widely manufactured included optical relays to invert the image both in front and behind a Gen3 25mm tube. This allowed for significant increases in tube resolution and performance over the FO based third generation tubes and involved a lens
556:
An example of a noted shortcoming ultimately considered insignificant was an enemies ability to detect the reflection of the AN/PVS-4 objective lens using an active infrared night vision device. The IR device needed to detect the AN/PVS-4 required a straight-on unobstructed view, and AN/PVS-4
560:
Reticle burn-in was also addressed. One issue that persists even in production models is the tendency for the projected reticle pattern to become washed out in bright light. This can be somewhat mitigated by adjusting the
Reticle Brightness knob to its brightest position and keeping the Tube
433:
Much of the success and longevity of the AN/PVS-4 was due to the MX-9644 Image
Intensifier tube. To make the tube more usable with simple optics, a second-generation MCP based image intensifier was adapted to an electrostatic inverter, similar to a first-generation image intensifier.
677:
A direct descendant of the AN/PVS-4 using an advanced Gen III+I F4844 Image tube, it is capable of identifying targets at ranges of up to seven kilometers. It is intended as the sighting mechanism for the
Stinger missile. It features as 2.26x zoom and a 23.5 degree field of view.
345:
Although passive night vision technology capable of allowing vision under ambient starlight conditions has existed since the 1950s, it was not until the AN/PVS-4 was developed that a practical, high quality device that met military requirements was first made available.
913:
Due to its availability and affordability, the AN/PVS-4 has been used very successfully in the realm of electronically assisted astronomy. Astronomers have adapted the AN/PVS-4 for use with telescopes and other celestial observation equipment.
1194:
440:
Although not a hybrid tube (Gen1 and Gen2 in the same tube housing) it nonetheless produced a gain of around 20,000 making it suitable for use under starlight only conditions and even overcast starlight conditions in remote locations.
557:
detection only occurred using an active device (as opposed to passive). The IR light emitted from the enemy's active device would be clearly observable to a anyone employing an AN/PVS-4, making the enemies position easily known.
539:
Several issues noted were reliability, specifically with intensifier tubes being damaged due to moisture. This problem was fully addressed in final production. It was also noted the mount designed to secure the AN/PVS-4 to the
535:
In
December 1974, the final AN/PVS-4 Development Test recorded the various shortcomings found during field testing. The majority of the issues were addressed in final production. Issues not addressed were deemed permissible.
572:
The addition of a "A" after the model, e.g., AN/PVS-4A, signifies a third-generation image intensifier tube and may be designated either after upgrade or at original manufacture. "A" variants typically use "AA" batteries.
505:
The AN/PVS4 also has a Day/Night adapter that allows sighting in of the units during the day time or for daytime operation of the sight. Under extremely bright nighttime conditions, it may be necessary to use this adapter.
944:
Because of the limited availability of 25mm image intensifier tubes and housings to civilians, and what AN/PVS-4s did become available tended to have well used tubes and as a result, civilians tended to avoid buying them.
389:
Although production has ceased, as recently as 2008 the US military was still obtaining parts to both repair AN/PVS-4s and convert AN/PVS-4s to AN/TVS-5As. It is still presently also upgrading AN/PVS-4s to AN/PVS4As also.
518:
Under moonlight or lower conditions, the AN/PVS-4 can be used without the adaptor and the ABC or
Automatic Brightness Controls will reduce the gain, although the image may be too bright for the reticle to show correctly.
457:
cases on a Fiber Optic plate rather than the usual Gen3 glass plate to match the focal point of the AN/PVS-4 optics. These tubes provided significant performance increase in gain but very little in the way of resolution.
925:
While considered an older scope, it still shows up from time to time as a second-hand or used item at weapon shows and through private sales, although good quality units are still sought after and difficult to come by.
941:, it is not a commonly recognized device. Up until recent times, prohibitive costs and availability limitations on devices such as the AN/PVS-4 resulted in very few items being available outside of the Military.
522:
When used, the image of the AN/PVS-4 is reduced and appears somewhat triangular. Due to the small apertures and resulting light diffraction, focusing behavior differs from normal operation due to the increased
905:
Additionally, companies such as AB Night Vision also produce after-market surveillance device housings such as the NVM-4A for law enforcement and civilian use that take surplus military MX9644 tubes.
922:
Despite being obsoleted by newer technology, especially third-generation night vision, the AN/PVS-4 is still a capable device and still far exceeds the quality of many contemporary civilian devices.
965:
Although the AN/PVS-4 has not had a great deal of cultural impact, its legacy of high quality night vision has become a staple of movies and television shows which often do not show real equipment.
1138:
569:
Although not specifically considered "variants" there are a number of other models that share the AN/PVS-4 lineage and often use interchangeable components, including the image intensifier tube.
1369:"Technical Manual, Unit and Direct Support Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Night Vision Sight, Individual Served Weapon AN/PVS-4 (TM 11-5855-213-23&P)"
959:
However the AN/PVS-4 does have a reputation for holding zero and being able to withstand high recoil, making it popular amongst enthusiasts who are able to get a reasonable good condition item.
749:
The M16 reticle features a range-estimator and a three-point cross-hair that provides an aiming point for close range, 200m and 400m. The same reticle is also used for the M203 and the M79.
1148:
740:
A simple crosshair reticle can be seen on the photo taken through a surveillance AN/PVS-4. The image was taken during a wide-area blackout on a moonless night in a remote suburban area.
1253:
657:
The Star-Tron 426 is a surveillance device designed to make use of the
Civilian version of the MX9644 tube, the F4845. It is thought that the F4845 were tubes that did not pass the
669:
A small surveillance scope intended primarily for Law
Enforcement use, that is designed specifically to use surplus MX9644 tubes from AN/PVS-4s that are upgraded to Gen III tubes.
834:
The AN/PVS-4 is one of the most widely manufactured night vision sights in the world, with many countries making their own version either under license to the US or as a variant.
475:
The lower control is an on/off switch for the image intensifier tube and secondarily controls the gain of the tube, allowing the operator to control the brightness of the image.
929:
Although the military is phasing this unit out, older devices are frequently donated to police services for reuse and so the AN/PVS-4 is likely to remain in use for some time.
1423:
1418:
464:
Related development for driving based devices included Fiber Optic expanders that magnified the image and could be retrofitted to driving scopes that also used this tube.
1088:
515:
As a result, the AN/PVS-4 can be used in lighting conditions ranging from midday-sun in the desert, through to very-bright-moonlight and high levels of urban lighting.
886:
New Noga Light, a subsidiary of Star Night
Technologies, manufactures a range of NVDs including the NL84, NL87 and NL89 variants of the AN/PVS4, AN/TVS5 and AN/PVS20
902:
There are also surveillance model derivatives specifically designed to use civilian versions of the tube, such as the Star-Tron, which uses the ITT F4845 25mm tube.
765:
The M60 reticle is similar to the M16 reticle but contains points rather than crosshairs for 200m, 400m and 600m. This reticle is used for the M14 and M249 also.
1135:
Parts are still being sourced for repair and maintenance of the AN/PVS-4 as recently as 2008 suggesting this device is still in current use in the US Military.
702:
842:
Originally manufactured by Optic-Electronic Corp in Texas, also manufactured by Varo (Litton), ITT and Northrop Grumman and Ni-Tec Inc. in Niles Illinois.
1136:
449:
The MX-9644 was later replaced by the MX-11620 Third-generation tube, which is a direct replacement for devices that were designed to use the MX-9644.
1368:
373:
Initial engineering development of the AN/PVS-4 was undertaken by Optic Electronic Corporation of Dallas, Texas, in 1975 as a replacement for the
686:
One of the unique capabilities of the AN/PVS-4 that is not available in many other night vision weapon sights is the field-changeable reticles.
1261:
512:
These pass by three larger aperture holes and three dark glass lenses to allow for six different levels of light reduction into the scope.
962:
The optics are considered exceptional, even by contemporary standards and the biggest drawback compared to modern scopes is the weight.
478:
The upper control is an on/off switch for the illuminated reticle and secondarily allows the brightness of the reticle to be adjusted.
437:
The result was that the tube produced an inverted image, simplifying the optical requirements of any night vision device that used it.
952:
of higher quality for professionals would have provided another option for shooters while the lower cost of first-generation consumer
689:
By replacing the reticle, the AN/PVS-4 is able to provide service to a wider variety of weapons than any other weapon sight including
357:
the AN/PVS-4 became one of the most widely used night vision scopes and has been in active use for more than a quarter of a century.
1125:
585:
lens and higher zoom level, it is rated with a detection range of over 1 Kilometer with a third-generation image intensifier tube.
581:
The AN/TVS-5 is an observation scope, although it does come with reticles and can be used as a weapon sight as well. With a larger
968:
As a result, very few people that do not have military, firearm or night-vision experience are likely to recognize one visually.
694:
1163:
350:
exposure to bright light, but still recover in time after a muzzle flash for the operator to see the round hit the target.
1428:
1220:
1032:
593:
The NVS-700 is the original designation of the Optic Electronics Corp. AN/PVS-4. This model is also manufactured in Iran.
319:
899:
The AN/PVS-4 is also commonly used for surveillance operations and surplus units are commonly donated to police forces.
1311:
729:
is the most basic reticle for the AN/PVS-4 and is available as either a simple crosshair, A mildot crosshair or as an
453:
are capable of gains well in excess of 100,000 times. The Stinger Night Sight is a good example of Gen3+1 technology.
1071:
995:
481:
Elevation and Windage adjustment is made through turrets located on the objective lens. Each click equals 1/4 moa.
601:
The NVS-800 is the original des of the Optic Electronics Corp. AN/TVS-5. This model is also manufactured in Iran.
801:
The M67 reticle is similar to the M72A1 reticle, but contains range marks for 200, 400, 600, and 800 metres.
991:
781:
The M72A1 reticle contains a rangefinder with marks for 100, 200, and 300 metres. This sight is used on the
401:
represented the first war in which ground combat operations continued both day and night through the use of
383:
16,927 more units were produced between 1985 and 1989 and 24,046 more units produced between 1990 and 1992.
1375:
851:
690:
1012:
1103:
Variant information is taken from datasheets supplied by the manufacturer or published specifications.
1100:
Much of the information above has been taken from the AN/PVS-4 service manual and operational manual.
553:
simultaneously. Rubber eye guard separation from the sight was a common problem that was addressed.
1119:
1083:
1052:
953:
938:
402:
323:
60:
1284:
380:
In 1976, the first production contract was awarded for 47,074 units, and first deployed in 1978.
1221:"Development Test II (Service Phase) of Night Vision Sight, Individual Served Weapons, AN/PVS-4"
1337:"Operator's Manual, Night Vision Sight, Individual Served Weapon AN/PVS-4 (TM 11-5855-213-10)"
1008:
501:
When the Day/Night adapter is used, the image field of view is reduced and appears triangular.
472:
Operation of the device is through two controls located on the left side of the tube housing.
354:
706:
698:
416:
thermal weapon sight began in 1996 and production of the AN/PVS-4 ceased entirely by 2002.
1403:
1142:
1130:
1110:
541:
524:
222:
1412:
1066:
83:
50:
1171:
870:
Iran Electronics Industries manufacture the NVS-700(AN/PVS-4) and NVS-800(AN/TVS-5)
712:
544:
was difficult to install and prone to loss of zero. The sight reticles for both the
862:
Euroatlas manufacture the AN/PVS-4 and AN/TVS-5 Night Vision Sights under license.
582:
386:
By 2002, more than 150,000 units had been produced within the United States alone.
169:
878:
Thales Optronics Systems manufacture the NVS-700(AN/PVS-4) and NVS-800(AN/TVS-5)
804:
788:
768:
752:
374:
1228:
949:
736:
497:
609:
Observation version of the AN/PVS-4 without a reticle, manufactured in Iran.
986:
726:
549:
545:
509:
The adapter consists of three hole sizes spaced evenly around the periphery
489:
461:
assembly being housed in a container that matched the MX-9644 tube exactly.
413:
821:
956:
would have led to lower end consumers purchasing cheaper imported scopes.
730:
409:
398:
394:
334:
330:
93:
782:
658:
633:
Binocular Night Vision scope, based on AN/TVS-5, manufactured in Iran.
322:
designation for a specification of the first second generation passive
818:
range finding circle and the lower three locations are for sighting.
337:
and has since been replaced by modern third-generation weapon sights.
1047:
617:
Binocular version of AN/PVS-4 without reticle, manufactured in Iran.
1254:"ITT F4960 Stinger Night Sight (United States), SIGHTING EQUIPMENT"
625:
Individual Night Vision Sight, With Reticle, manufactured in Iran.
1027:
820:
803:
787:
767:
751:
735:
711:
496:
488:
28:
493:
The Day/Night adapter allows use of the AN/PVS-4 during the day.
397:, the AN/PVS-4 was widely deployed on a variety of weapons. The
173:
369:
US Marine with a M240G machine gun in the Persian Gulf, 2004.
854:(IOP) manufactures the AN/PVS-4 and AN/TVS-5 under license.
1168:
Federation of American Scientists Military Analysis Network
1147:
New versions of this scope are being manufactured in Iran
1115:
412:, the AN/PVS-4 was still in active use. Production of the
408:
Although more modern equipment was available during the
649:
AN/TVS-5 derivative made in Israel by New Noga Light.
316:
Night Vision Sight, Individual Served Weapon, AN/PVS-4
1404:
Extract from Janes regarding the AN/PVS-4 and NVS-700
1106:
Tube information is taken from public specifications.
264:
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21:
1089:List of military electronics of the United States
329:The AN/PVS-4 first saw widespread use during the
1162:Pike, John; Sherman, Robert (22 February 2000).
1129:Singapore and Iran manufacturing reference from
1109:Contract Information and Timeline is taken from
1227:. Fort Benning, GA. p. 217. Archived from
937:Although the AN/PVS-4 is one of the best-known
1374:. Department of the Army. 1993. Archived from
1342:. Department of the Army. 1993. Archived from
703:Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapons
445:Subsequent Image Intensifier Tube Development
8:
1312:"Image Intensifier and Dark Hydrogen Clouds"
641:AN/PVS-4 made in Israel by New Noga Light.
1424:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
18:
1419:Military electronics of the United States
672:
1164:"AN/PVS-4 Individual Weapon Night Sight"
1124:Euroatlas Night Vision Sight (AN/PVS-4)
364:
1154:
933:Cultural impact and civilian ownership
124:Optic Electronic Corporation of Dallas
108:Optic Electronic Corporation of Dallas
948:The availability of third-generation
7:
1225:Defense Technical Information Center
1195:"U.S. Patent Office Patent D273,960"
561:Brightness knob as low as possible.
14:
333:and later some deployment in the
184:320mm (l) x 120mm (h) x 100mm (w)
1219:Army Infantry Board (Dec 1974).
1059:
1040:
1020:
1001:
979:
27:
1283:Vondragonnoggin (20 Nov 2015).
1193:Carl P. Kummer (May 22, 1984).
1035:(Special Operations Group, GEO)
673:ITT's F4960 Stinger night sight
286:Northrop-Grumman Gen3 MX-11620,
284:Northrop-Grumman Gen3 MX-11619,
1015:and police Special Task Units.
429:MX-9644 Image Intensifier Tube
377:era AN/PVS-2 Starlight Scope.
137:
1:
1033:Grupo Especial de Operaciones
16:US passive night vision scope
270:ITT F4845 (civilian Gen3+1),
1199:United States Patent Office
825:Stinger night sight reticle
1445:
996:Royal Australian Air Force
813:F4960 Stinger night sight
278:Northrop Grumman MX-9644,
47:Place of origin
26:
1116:Manufactured in Pakistan
276:ITT F9860 Gen3 FO+twist,
274:ITT F4849 Gen3 FO+twist,
1285:"PVS-4 Gen 3 Astronomy"
1258:Jane's Infantry Weapons
1070:: Formerly used by the
1051:: Formerly used by the
830:Location of manufacture
691:Squad Automatic Weapons
290:Alpha Optics AC-22525R,
288:Newcon Optik NC107663I,
189:Resolution (lp/mm)
181:Dimensions (L×H×W)
33:"PVS-4 Starlight Scope"
1310:cnoct (8 March 2014).
1120:Institute of Optronics
852:Institute Of Optronics
826:
809:
793:
773:
757:
741:
717:
502:
494:
370:
355:Image Intensifier tube
296:DEP-Photonis XX-2052Q,
1013:Georgian Armed Forces
824:
807:
791:
771:
755:
739:
715:
500:
492:
368:
304:Harder Digital XX1450
294:DEP-Photonis XX-2050,
292:Noga Light Type 6014,
1429:Night vision devices
1381:on 24 September 2016
1174:on 24 September 2021
992:ground defence units
954:night vision devices
939:night vision devices
756:M16/M203/M79 reticle
403:night vision devices
241:Range of recognition
1084:Night Vision Device
1053:Turkish Land Forces
990:: Formerly used by
716:Mildot-type reticle
324:Night vision device
265:Can use these tubes
61:Night Vision Device
1291:. Southern CA, USA
1234:on August 16, 2016
1141:2011-07-17 at the
827:
810:
794:
774:
758:
742:
718:
503:
495:
371:
353:Using the MX-9644
298:HiOptic 1XZ25/25W,
233:Range of detection
100:Production history
1072:U.S. Marine Corps
707:recoilless rifles
699:grenade launchers
485:Day/night adapter
308:
307:
302:Ei-SOVA XX-2500,
282:MX9644/UV Gen3+1,
272:ITT F4844 Gen3+1,
221:Field of vision (
197:Mode of Operation
1436:
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1390:
1388:
1386:
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1365:
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1349:on 15 April 2015
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1326:
1324:
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1316:CloudyNights.com
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
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1289:CloudyNights.com
1280:
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1271:
1269:
1260:. Archived from
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1239:
1233:
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1170:. Archived from
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983:
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838:US manufacturers
695:rocket launchers
300:HiOptic XX-1470,
244:400m (Starlight)
236:600m (Starlight)
213:Tube form factor
139:
94:Persian Gulf War
31:
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1143:Wayback Machine
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890:Alternative use
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542:M60 machine gun
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280:MX9644/UV Gen2,
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72:In service
67:Service history
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17:
12:
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5:
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1398:External links
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1264:on 3 June 2012
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1383:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1344:the original
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1288:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:the original
1257:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1224:
1214:
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1198:
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1176:. Retrieved
1172:the original
1167:
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895:Surveillance
885:
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841:
833:
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764:
761:M60/M14/M249
748:
745:M16/M203/M79
733:crosshair.
724:
688:
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583:catadioptric
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341:Introduction
328:
315:
311:
309:
269:
268:ITT FX9860,
228:14.5 degrees
143:> 150,000
121:Manufacturer
80:Used by
75:1978–present
950:riflescopes
808:M67 reticle
531:Limitations
393:During the
375:Vietnam War
249:System zoom
140: built
1413:Categories
1095:References
1011:: Used by
613:Auto NVS-2
605:Auto NVS-1
257:Generation
987:Australia
909:Astronomy
874:Singapore
727:crosshair
721:Crosshair
653:Star-Tron
637:IWS NL-84
629:NVS-T 800
621:NVS-T 700
550:M14 rifle
546:M16 rifle
468:Operation
414:AN/PAS-13
318:) is the
151:AN/TVS-5,
132:1977–2002
1139:Archived
1078:See also
846:Pakistan
731:aimpoint
682:Reticles
577:AN/TVS-5
565:Variants
410:Iraq War
399:Gulf War
395:Gulf War
335:Iraq War
331:Gulf War
312:AN/PVS-4
192:32 lp/mm
153:NVS-700,
148:Variants
129:Produced
113:Designed
105:Designer
57:Category
22:AN/PVS-4
1385:11 June
1353:11 June
1321:13 July
1295:13 July
1268:10 June
1238:13 July
1204:11 June
1178:11 June
1118:by the
1009:Georgia
994:of the
918:Summary
858:Germany
783:M72 LAW
772:M14-M60
659:milspec
597:NVS-800
589:NVS-700
361:History
205:II tube
200:Passive
155:NVS-800
42:Passive
1064:
1048:Turkey
1045:
1025:
1006:
984:
882:Israel
208:MX9644
172:(1800
165:Weight
1379:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1340:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
1131:Janes
1111:Janes
1028:Spain
972:Users
777:M72A1
665:NVM-4
645:NL-87
1387:2016
1355:2016
1323:2016
1297:2016
1270:2022
1240:2016
1206:2016
1180:2022
866:Iran
850:The
725:The
705:and
548:and
252:3.6x
216:25mm
168:4.0
116:1975
90:Wars
39:Type
797:M67
138:No.
1415::
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170:lb
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1357:.
1325:.
1299:.
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1208:.
1182:.
314:(
260:2
225:)
223:°
176:)
174:g
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