394:
166:
3183:
689:
2552:
2260:
493:
245:
316:
31:
1028:
647:
256:, with the sea forming its southern border. Mild winters are followed by very warm summers with little rainfall. Sunshine is found in abundance in this region with the grapevines receiving more than 3,000 hours per year, twice the amount needed to ripen grapes fully. This abundance does have the adverse effect of potentially over ripening grapes if vineyard owners are not cautious. The strong
3195:
752:
1039:, which is the primary component in many red wines and rosés. Provence makes over 1,000 kinds of wines. It is often blended with Grenache and Cinsault, with the latter being used as a significant component in most rosé. Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah are rising in prominence, though some traditional Provençal winemakers view those grapes with suspicion and a sign of
549:. To improve quality, producers limit the amount of Carignan used in their rosé and red wine production, using the maximum of 40% permitted in the wine and mandating that at least 60% of the blend be composed of Grenache, Cinsaut, Mourvèdre and Tibouren. There is also an AOC requirement that at least 20% of the rosé must be blended from wine produced by the
828:
671:
permitted but at a maximize usage of 30%. The use of
Cabernet Sauvignon is growing in prevalence but is limited to composing no more than 20% of the blend. The rosés of Les Baux-de-Provence are composed of a minimum 60% of Cinsaut, Grenache and Syrah with similar requirements to the AOC red wine that
1018:
Some producers make a (lesser) second or third wine that they also mark cru classé de
Provence. In addition, the list cannot be changed, no new wineries can be added and a winery cannot lose the cru classé status. The 18 lucky owners just benefit from the classification, no matter how good the wine
268:
and protected by hillside landforms. In areas where the wind is particularly strong, the ideal vineyard locations are on hillsides facing south towards the sea, with the hill providing some shelter from the mistral's strength. In those areas, the type of grape varieties planted will also play a role
710:
usually completing the composition. Syrah and
Carignan are restricted in Bandol to a maximum of 15% of the blend or 10% individually. Nearly 70% of the production is red wine with rosé and a small amount of white wine making up the remainder. Red Bandol wine is characterized by its dark color with
138:
believe that region's best wines are the spicy, full-flavoured red wines. Rosé wine currently accounts for more than half of the production of Provençal wine, with red wine accounting for about a third of the region's production. White wine is also produced in small quantities throughout the region
520:
in the northeast part of the area includes vineyards that can label their wine as CĂ´tes de
Provence. The region accounts for nearly 75% of all the wine production in Provence with rosé accounting for around 80% of the production. While the number is rising, about 15% of wine production is red wine
779:
and must be tempered with increased blending of
Cinsaut and Grenache. The Grenache grape itself is typically planted on cooler north facing slopes to prevent the grape from over ripening and making the wine highly alcoholic. The relative infertility of the soil throughout the region helps to keep
1014:
This classification has never been revisited or modified. Estates cannot include grapes from new vineyard land in Cru Classé wine. A "Club des Crus Classés de Cotes de
Provence" was created in 2000 and in 2005 they signed a charter of excellence; 14 of the 18 classified estates are currently
705:
soils. Those soils and the warm, coastal climate are ideally suited for the late ripening Mourvèdre grape, which is the major variety. For both the red and rosé wines, Mourvèdre must account for at least 50% of the blend, though most producers will use significantly more, with
Grenache and
796:
The Cassis AOC, located along the coast between
Marseilles and Bandol, is unique in the Provençal wine region, due to white wine comprising over 75% of its production. The soil of the Cassis AOC is primarily limestone, which is particularly suited to the cultivation of Clairette,
483:
in the northeastern section of
Provence. Its red, white and rosé wines are mainly made from Grenache, Syrah, Cinsaut, Clairette and Rolle. The climate here is cooler than in other areas of Provence and the wines are thus lighter in body than those of other areas of the region.
1098:. The rosés of the region are normally dry with zestiness derived from their acidity. The red and whites are characterized by their full bodies and intense aromatics. The nature and impression of the wines change significantly depending on whether they are consumed as an
878:(VDQS) status in 1985, followed by AOC status in 1993. Over 60% of the region's production is rosé with around 33% red wine and small amount of white wine. The main grape varieties of the region are Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cinsaut, Mourvèdre, Syrah and Carignan.
594:
and surrounding communes. Nearly 60% of the production is red wine, followed by 35% rosé and 5% white wine. The major grape varieties include
Grenache, Cinsaut and Mourvèdre, and Cabernet Sauvignon was introduced to the region in the 1960s. The cuttings came from the
819:. Local consumption has outpaced supply and has limited the amount of Cassis wine that can be exported. Local laws are being developed in the region to protect vineyards from being overrun with commercial and residential development from the city of Marseilles.
1043:
and appeal to international tastes. For the last century, Carignan has been a major grape but as more producer aim for improved quality the use of this high yielding grape has decreased. Other significant grape varieties, used primarily in blending, include
666:
and red grape varieties account for around 80%. with some white wine and a dry rosé. The leading grape varieties are Grenache, Mourvèdre and Syrah. The AOC rule requires that no two varieties can compose more than 90% of the blend with Carignan, Cinsaut and
723:
and usually requires at least 10 years of aging before it fully develops, although some is produced to be drinkable in three years. Prior to release, the wine is required to age at least 18 months in oak. The white wines of Bandol are composed primarily of
696:
Bandol AOC, located near the coast east of Marseille and Cassis, is one of the most internationally recognized wines of the Provence regions. Based around the fishing village of Bandol, west of Toulon, the AOC is produced by 8 communes with
260:
wind from the north provides positive and negative influences on the viticulture. While it can cool the grapes from the heat and dry the grapes after rain, providing some protection against rot and
177:
fragments, indicate that the Greeks were producing wine in the region soon after they settled. By the time the Romans reached the area in 125 BC, the wine produced there had a reputation across the
654:
Within the Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence is the smaller Les Baux-de-Provence AOC which was granted AOC status in 1995. The climate of the region is very hot with the surrounding valley known as the
913:
based on an evaluation of the estates' history, winemaking and cellar reputation and overall vineyard quality; however 5 estates no longer make wine so only 18 estates are classified today:
269:
since south-facing slopes receive the most sunshine and in the warm climate can easily over expose delicate and early ripening varieties which would be better suited on north-facing slopes.
570:
process that is better suited to white wine production. There are still remnants of traditional winemaking in the CĂ´tes de Provence and some producers still use the traditional regional
441:. Though the white wines receive more international attention, production in Bellet is about equal in white, red and rosé wine with most being consumed by tourists to the French Riviera.
181:
for high quality. Over time, the viticulture and winemaking styles of the Provence have been influenced by a wide range of people, rulers, and cultures, including the Carolingians, the
323:
Provence has nine wine appellations with AOC status. The CĂ´tes de Provence is the largest followed by Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence and Coteaux Varois en Provence. The other 6 AOC are
562:
There has been more experimentation in the methods used by a new generation of winemakers beginning to incorporate non-traditional methods of rosé production including the use of
909:
On July 20, 1955, 22 years before Cotes de Provence wines got their Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée, 23 Provençal wine estates managed to officially designate themselves
850:
where the cooler climate causes harvesting to be carried out in November, several weeks after most Provençal wine areas have harvested in early September. This unique
516:. The noncontiguous parts of the region include land southeast of the Palette AOC and on the outskirts of the Bandol and Cassis wine area. The mountainous terrain near
2594:
874:
887:
842:
from where the region's name is derived, between the CĂ´tes de Provence AOC and the Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence AOC. The region is sheltered by the surrounding
775:, are composed of small pebbles and produce lighter, more delicate wines. On the red clay that is scattered throughout the region, the wine produced is very
590:
is the second largest Provençal wine appellation, covering over 50 communes in the west and northwestern regions of Provence. The area comprises the city of
846:
mountains which have a tempering effect on the Mediterranean influences that are common throughout Provence. This is most evident in the vineyards around
740:
was used and is not prohibited by the AOC rules. The rosés of Bandol are characterized by spicy and earthy flavors that can resemble the Rhône rosés from
1104:
or paired with food, particularly the traditional flavors of Provençal cuisine. The rosé wine in particular is noted for its ability to pair well with
2707:
212:
reached Provence and devastated the region's viticulture. Many vineyards were slow to replant and some turned to the high yielding but lower quality
141:
2486:
372:
is occasionally cited by some sources with Provence due to some similarities in wine style; the appellation is however officially part of the
1070:
Provence is a central hub for rosé production. Between 2010 and 2024, exports of rosé from this region have increased by approximately 500%.
784:
low with the Bandol region having some of the lowest yields in France. The use of mechanical harvesting is impractical due to the style of
2587:
2308:
1444:
1285:
1056:
and Tibouren. The major white wine grapes of Provence include the RhĂ´ne varieties of Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache blanc, Marsanne and
217:
672:
no two grapes varieties compose more than 90% of the blend. Baux-de-Provence was the first AOC to require all vineyards to be farmed
1570:
1432:
1386:
1366:
1346:
1321:
1273:
1232:
1195:
1164:
2716:
587:
456:
limestone soil and produces wines that are similar in style to the southern RhĂ´ne region. The main grapes of the region include
3225:
2674:
2580:
1859:
1545:
426:
149:
specializing in white wine production. The CĂ´tes de Provence is the largest AOC followed by the Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence. The
2026:
1398:
2700:
2512:
3067:
2517:
891:
801:, Ugni blanc and Sauvignon blanc, the major varieties of the area. The dry white wines are characterized by their full
253:
2907:
3173:
2437:
2404:
2233:
2649:
2527:
2417:
476:
566:
for aging and fermentation. More winemakers are tending to use temperature controlled tanks that allow a cooler
2693:
2522:
2301:
2243:
2172:
2064:
1665:
1648:
348:
209:
627:
wine (young wine) that is released in December following the harvest and only two weeks after the release of
2412:
1785:
1621:
1126:
899:
377:
360:
265:
108:
1040:
3220:
2275:
2198:
1643:
810:
680:, eliminating the use of chemicals that could easily dispersed from the vines by the strong Mistral wind.
673:
288:
272:
The soil across Provence is varied, lacking uniformity and generalization. In isolated areas, such as the
2997:
2213:
1982:
1626:
785:
501:
368:
343:. The CĂ´tes de Provence AOC includes 4 geographic designations that can place their names on the label:
112:
430:
1864:
1616:
663:
600:
405:
has a significant Italian influence with its major white wine being made from the Italian wine grape
324:
228:, production of rosé increased as a complement to the regional cuisine that features dishes such as
116:
1063:
Over its history, many grape varieties have grown in Provence that are now nearly extinct including
449:
2654:
2442:
2394:
2294:
1844:
1538:
960:
861:
567:
393:
352:
202:
194:
165:
508:
in the eastern region of Provence. The boundaries of the region extend from the alpine hills near
284:. These area tend to be planted with white wine grapes that perform better in those soil types.
2972:
2755:
2432:
1937:
954:
628:
542:
505:
186:
688:
1289:
422:
3215:
2386:
2333:
1917:
1854:
1452:
1428:
1382:
1362:
1342:
1317:
1269:
1228:
1191:
1160:
1082:
notes that most well made examples of Provençal wine have flavors and aromas that reflect the
971:
772:
725:
556:
492:
418:
376:
region and its typicity more closely approaches that of its neighbour on its northern border,
182:
1489:
3182:
3114:
3027:
2992:
2846:
2791:
2551:
2259:
2177:
2104:
1967:
1869:
836:
356:
35:
87:
have been influenced by the cultures that have been present in Provence, which include the
3150:
3109:
3012:
2977:
2876:
2851:
2532:
2353:
2270:
2056:
1884:
1819:
1762:
1725:
1605:
942:
737:
677:
632:
616:
591:
517:
387:
244:
315:
3160:
3140:
3130:
3062:
3042:
2957:
2912:
2861:
2826:
2781:
2760:
2740:
2427:
2422:
2371:
2325:
2182:
2154:
2129:
2050:
2039:
2034:
1932:
1899:
1715:
1693:
1660:
1636:
1531:
1121:
608:
257:
225:
198:
190:
72:
1484:
448:
is the smallest major wine area in Provence with most of the vineyards being owned by
30:
3209:
3199:
3155:
3135:
3093:
3083:
3017:
2987:
2942:
2917:
2897:
2892:
2836:
2821:
2801:
2786:
2765:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2730:
2664:
2629:
2624:
2452:
2361:
2167:
2162:
1839:
1655:
1631:
1079:
930:
895:
857:
815:
776:
596:
373:
261:
229:
178:
135:
1027:
646:
3145:
3088:
3052:
3047:
3032:
3022:
2982:
2967:
2922:
2902:
2871:
2816:
2811:
2639:
2238:
1829:
1767:
1757:
1710:
1064:
1004:
923:
843:
781:
513:
124:
120:
100:
92:
1987:
1036:
760:
534:
465:
835:
The Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC covers the central region of Provence, in the
3187:
3037:
3007:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2856:
2831:
2806:
2796:
2614:
2603:
2556:
2507:
2470:
2264:
2119:
2109:
2007:
1889:
1772:
1703:
1562:
1100:
903:
802:
729:
604:
575:
571:
445:
382:
340:
80:
46:
3057:
3002:
2962:
2952:
2927:
2841:
2669:
2619:
2460:
2376:
2366:
2317:
2223:
2218:
2203:
2139:
2134:
2099:
1997:
1992:
1952:
1879:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1796:
1752:
1740:
1730:
1688:
1514:
865:
745:
733:
612:
563:
509:
480:
469:
453:
414:
406:
328:
273:
104:
88:
84:
1456:
2866:
2644:
2634:
2338:
2228:
2208:
2144:
2124:
2114:
2074:
2012:
1894:
1834:
1735:
918:
847:
741:
702:
438:
304:
277:
76:
966:
768:
751:
344:
17:
2084:
2079:
2069:
1962:
1942:
1909:
1874:
1804:
1720:
1683:
1595:
1590:
1575:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1060:
as well as Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Rolle and Ugni blanc.
1057:
999:
798:
716:
668:
620:
538:
530:
522:
461:
364:
213:
50:
2537:
2343:
2094:
1947:
1922:
1849:
1698:
1585:
1504:
1049:
1045:
993:
981:
936:
852:
806:
767:
of the region. The soils in the northwest region, from the communes of
720:
712:
707:
698:
551:
526:
457:
434:
174:
131:
603:. The main white wine grapes of the Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence include
224:
in the north, and in the 20th century, as tourism developed along the
157:
is one of the more internationally recognized Provençal wine regions.
71:
has been made in this region for at least 2,600 years, ever since the
2502:
2465:
2089:
1977:
1972:
1105:
975:
574:
which has a distinctive form that is between an amphora vessel and a
336:
332:
296:
292:
154:
150:
146:
54:
1494:
827:
2685:
2002:
1957:
1927:
1580:
1478:
1109:
1095:
1053:
1026:
826:
750:
687:
645:
546:
491:
410:
392:
314:
281:
243:
233:
221:
164:
96:
29:
788:
used on the hillsides and is prohibited by the rules of the AOC.
635:, these Provençal white wines are not required to have the words
1554:
1510:
659:
402:
300:
68:
62:
61:("our province"), giving the region its name. Just south of the
2689:
2576:
2290:
1527:
1508:
1499:
763:
grape, which expresses differently depending on the particular
2572:
2286:
676:. The rule was adopted as producers had already converted to
1445:"How Provençal rosé became the summer tipple par excellence"
662:). Vineyards are centered around the hilltop village of the
1333:
1331:
1329:
521:
with the remaining 5% white. The main grape varieties are
759:
Bandol is the only French wine that is dominated by the
390:, being one of the most common designations seen abroad.
1523:
581:
276:
and near the Mediterranean coastline, are deposits of
107:. These diverse groups introduced a large variety of
3171:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
3123:
3102:
3076:
2885:
2774:
2723:
2495:
2479:
2451:
2403:
2385:
2352:
2324:
2191:
2153:
2048:
2025:
1908:
1795:
1783:
1676:
1604:
1561:
1159:Third Edition pg 551 Oxford University Press 2006
906:classify their vineyard areas, not wine estates).
886:Provence is the only French wine region outside of
479:is a minor wine area located around the village of
34:The Provence wine region, located primarily in the
1381:Third Edition pg 61 Oxford University Press 2006
1361:Third Edition pg 72 Oxford University Press 2006
582:Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence and Les Baux-de-Provence
248:Vineyards in the Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence region.
220:in the 19th century opened up new markets such as
1308:
1306:
401:The Bellet AOC is in southeastern Provence, near
65:, it was the first Roman province outside Italy.
299:in their composition while inland there is more
130:Today the region is known predominantly for its
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1035:The main grape variety throughout Provence is
986:Château Ste. Marguerite in La Londe-les-Maures
2701:
2588:
2302:
1539:
380:, also a RhĂ´ne wine. The region has several
38:department, and the appellations of Provence.
8:
1341:pg 144-146 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005
1316:Third Edition pp. 193, 204 Abbeville Press
1086:landscape of the region which includes wild
111:to the region, including grape varieties of
79:in 600 BC. Throughout the region's history,
452:. The region is situated on predominantly
2708:
2694:
2686:
2595:
2581:
2573:
2309:
2295:
2287:
1792:
1546:
1532:
1524:
1505:
386:designations, with Bouches-du-RhĂ´ne, near
813:with the local seafood cuisine such as
500:The CĂ´tes de Provence AOC is a large non
264:, it can also damage vines that are not
173:Archaeological evidence, in the form of
3178:
2487:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1137:
1122:Cuisine of Provence and the CĂ´te d'Azur
1425:Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes
496:A rosé from the Côtes de Provence AOC.
287:Some coastal areas in the region have
127:and traditional French wine grapes.
7:
1427:pg 133 Oxford University Press 1996
1264:E. McCarthy & M. Ewing-Mulligan
397:Red wine from the CĂ´tes de Provence.
208:At the end of the 19th century, the
1227:pg 306-311 Workman Publishing 2001
1190:pg 243-247 Dorling Kindersley 2005
650:The commune of Les Baux-de-Provence
319:Les Baux-de-Provence with vineyards
875:Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure
134:wine, though wine critics such as
25:
1571:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1495:Bandol and CĂ´tes de Provence Wine
1268:pg 224-228 Wiley Publishing 2001
1188:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
3193:
3181:
2550:
2258:
1399:"Crus classés Côtes de Provence"
623:. Some producers produce white
504:wine region that covers over 85
413:. Other grape varieties include
541:with an increase in the use of
142:Appellation d'origine contrôlée
1379:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1359:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
1157:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
868:. The region started out as a
831:The Massif de la Sainte-Baume.
1:
2513:Glossary of viticulture terms
1337:H. Johnson & J. Robinson
1314:Jancis Robinson's Wine Course
1074:Wine styles and food pairings
856:has encouraged interest from
711:rich flavors of black fruit,
588:Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence AOC
57:. The Romans called the area
2518:Glossary of winemaking terms
929:Domaine du Jas d'Esclans in
864:to experiment with planting
427:Muscat Blanc Ă Petits Grains
3242:
2438:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
823:Coteaux Varois en Provence
216:grape. The arrival of the
2610:
2546:
2528:History of the wine press
2418:Sparkling wine production
2252:
1521:
1266:"French Wine for Dummies"
998:Château Ste. Roseline in
477:Coteaux de Pierrevert AOC
43:Provence (Provençal) wine
27:French wine from Provence
2523:Wine tasting descriptors
2244:Wine tasting descriptors
2173:Phenolic content in wine
2065:Alternative wine closure
1649:Great French Wine Blight
953:Château de Brégançon in
935:Domaine de Rimauresq in
2413:Malolactic fermentation
1339:The World Atlas of Wine
1312:J. Robinson, J. (2003)
1127:List of Vins de Primeur
965:Château de Mauvanne in
959:Château du Galoupet in
941:Domaine de la Croix in
809:and herbal aromas that
252:Provence has a classic
3226:Wine regions of France
2908:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1108:based dishes, such as
1032:
1010:Château de la Clapière
980:Château de Roubine in
926:in La Londe-les-Maures
832:
756:
693:
651:
497:
398:
320:
249:
170:
39:
2214:Wine and food pairing
1030:
989:Château de St. Martin
950:Château de L'Aumérade
890:that has developed a
830:
754:
691:
649:
495:
488:CĂ´tes de Provence AOC
409:, known in France as
396:
318:
254:Mediterranean climate
247:
240:Climate and geography
168:
49:-producing region of
33:
2650:Languedoc-Roussillon
1865:Muscat of Alexandria
992:Château St. Maur in
872:and was upgraded to
664:Les Baux-de-Provence
378:CĂ´tes du Ventoux AOC
361:CĂ´tes du Luberon AOC
325:Les Baux-de-Provence
75:founded the city of
2443:Yeast in winemaking
2395:Carbonic maceration
1500:Provence wine tours
1490:Bandol wine profile
961:La Londe-les-Maures
894:for wine estates. (
862:Maison Louis Latour
744:, with some having
678:organic viticulture
210:phylloxera epidemic
203:Kingdom of Sardinia
2433:Traditional method
2234:Wine personalities
1938:Cabernet Sauvignon
1033:
955:Bormes-les-Mimosas
892:classified ranking
882:Classified estates
860:producers such as
833:
757:
694:
692:A red Bandol wine.
652:
629:Beaujolais nouveau
543:Cabernet Sauvignon
498:
399:
321:
250:
187:Counts of Toulouse
171:
119:origin as well as
40:
3169:
3168:
2683:
2682:
2675:South West France
2570:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2334:Late harvest wine
2284:
2283:
2021:
2020:
1918:Alicante Bouschet
1666:Judgment of Paris
1481:Wines of Provence
1377:J. Robinson (ed)
1357:J. Robinson (ed)
1155:J. Robinson (ed)
773:Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer
726:Clairette blanche
631:. Unlike the red
601:Château La Lagune
183:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
3233:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3177:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2687:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2555:
2554:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2263:
2262:
2178:Proteins in wine
1845:GrĂĽner Veltliner
1793:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1525:
1506:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1441:
1435:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1375:
1369:
1355:
1349:
1335:
1324:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1288:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1262:
1235:
1221:
1198:
1184:
1167:
1153:
1005:Château de Selle
947:Domaine du Noyer
917:Clos Cibonne in
512:to the coast of
359:since 2013. The
355:since 2008, and
266:securely trained
195:René I of Naples
145:(AOC) region of
59:provincia nostra
21:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3119:
3098:
3072:
2998:North Macedonia
2881:
2770:
2719:
2717:Wine by country
2714:
2684:
2679:
2606:
2601:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2557:Wine portal
2549:
2542:
2533:History of wine
2491:
2475:
2447:
2399:
2381:
2362:Deacidification
2348:
2320:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2265:Wine portal
2257:
2248:
2187:
2149:
2054:
2044:
2017:
1904:
1885:Sauvignon blanc
1820:Cayetana blanca
1788:
1786:grape varieties
1779:
1672:
1600:
1557:
1552:
1517:
1485:Wine region map
1475:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1356:
1352:
1336:
1327:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1263:
1238:
1222:
1201:
1185:
1170:
1154:
1139:
1135:
1118:
1076:
1025:
1023:Grape varieties
943:La Croix-Valmer
884:
825:
794:
738:Sauvignon blanc
686:
633:Beaujolais wine
617:Sauvignon blanc
592:Aix-en-Provence
584:
518:Villars-sur-Var
490:
388:Aix-en-Provence
349:Sainte-Victoire
313:
242:
218:railroad system
163:
45:comes from the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3239:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3068:United Kingdom
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:Czech Republic
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:Sugars in wine
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2372:Chaptalization
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2322:
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2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2282:
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2279:
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2273:
2268:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2199:Classification
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2183:Sugars in wine
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2155:Wine chemistry
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:Wine dispenser
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Cabernet Franc
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1900:Welschriesling
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:MĂĽller-Thurgau
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1790:
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1778:
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1755:
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1718:
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1678:
1674:
1673:
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1670:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Ancient Greece
1619:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1473:External links
1471:
1469:
1468:
1451:. 2024-08-04.
1436:
1416:
1390:
1370:
1350:
1325:
1302:
1277:
1236:
1225:The Wine Bible
1199:
1168:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1075:
1072:
1024:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
987:
984:
978:
972:Château Minuty
969:
963:
957:
951:
948:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
883:
880:
824:
821:
793:
790:
755:A Bandol rosé.
685:
682:
674:biodynamically
643:on the label.
609:Grenache blanc
583:
580:
489:
486:
450:Château Simone
363:in the nearby
312:
309:
262:grape diseases
241:
238:
226:French Riviera
199:House of Savoy
162:
159:
89:Ancient Greeks
73:ancient Greeks
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3238:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Provence wine
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:South America
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:United States
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:North America
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
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3026:
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3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Liechtenstein
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
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2946:
2944:
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2926:
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2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
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2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
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2618:
2616:
2613:
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2609:
2605:
2598:
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2266:
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2255:
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2240:
2237:
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2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
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2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Acids in wine
2166:
2164:
2163:Aroma of wine
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
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2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
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2078:
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2062:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:Major regions
2024:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Montepulciano
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
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1924:
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1916:
1915:
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1911:
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1480:
1479:Official site
1477:
1476:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:The Economist
1446:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:0-19-860098-4
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:0-19-860990-6
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:0-19-860990-6
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:1-84000-332-4
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:0-7892-0883-0
1319:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1292:on 2008-11-24
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1274:0-7645-5354-2
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1197:
1196:0-7566-1324-8
1193:
1189:
1186:T. Stevenson
1183:
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1165:0-19-860990-6
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1080:Karen MacNeil
1073:
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1047:
1042:
1041:globalization
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2756:South Africa
2659:
2655:Loire Valley
2548:
2405:Fermentation
2256:
2239:Wine tasting
1860:Muscat blanc
1830:Chenin blanc
1627:Ancient Rome
1460:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1424:
1423:J. Robinson
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1405:. April 2015
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1294:. Retrieved
1290:the original
1286:"RhĂ´ne wine"
1280:
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1224:
1187:
1156:
1099:
1078:Wine expert
1077:
1069:
1065:Pascal blanc
1062:
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568:fermentation
561:
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514:Saint-Tropez
499:
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381:
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351:since 2005,
322:
311:Wine regions
286:
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153:region near
140:
129:
67:
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41:
3115:New Zealand
3058:Switzerland
3003:Netherlands
2852:Philippines
2604:French wine
2508:Wine bottle
2480:Other steps
2471:Wine cellar
2428:SĂĽssreserve
2120:Wine cellar
2110:Wine bottle
2051:accessories
2049:Packaging,
2008:Tempranillo
1637:Noah's wine
1617:Phoenicians
1563:Viticulture
1403:Dico du Vin
1223:K. MacNeil
1015:members.
1007:in Taradeau
870:vin de pays
840:département
730:Bourboulenc
658:(Valley of
656:Val d'Enfer
605:Bourboulenc
576:bowling pin
572:wine bottle
564:oak barrels
446:Palette AOC
383:vin de pays
369:département
81:viticulture
47:French wine
3210:Categories
3028:San Marino
2993:Montenegro
2978:Luxembourg
2832:Kazakhstan
2792:Azerbaijan
2620:Beaujolais
2387:Maceration
2377:Wine press
2367:Destemming
2318:Winemaking
2224:Wine fraud
2219:Wine fault
2204:Oenophilia
2140:Wine label
2135:Wine glass
2100:Port tongs
1998:Sangiovese
1993:Pinot noir
1953:Douce noir
1880:Rkatsiteli
1825:Chardonnay
1815:Catarratto
1789:by acreage
1763:Biodynamic
1726:Aromatized
1515:winemaking
1462:2024-08-12
1296:2008-05-12
1133:References
866:Pinot noir
746:strawberry
734:Ugni blanc
613:Chardonnay
599:estate of
557:maceration
555:method of
510:Draguignan
502:contiguous
481:Pierrevert
470:Ugni blanc
454:calcareous
415:Chardonnay
407:Vermentino
374:RhĂ´ne wine
329:Pierrevert
291:with more
274:Cassis AOC
201:, and the
85:winemaking
18:AOC Cassis
3131:Argentina
3110:Australia
2847:Palestine
2635:Champagne
2339:Noble rot
2229:Winemaker
2209:Sommelier
2145:Wine rack
2125:Wine cork
2115:Wine cave
2105:Screw cap
2075:Corkscrew
2040:New World
2035:Old World
2013:Zinfandel
1988:Mourvèdre
1895:Trebbiano
1835:Colombard
1736:Noble rot
1716:Fortified
1694:Sparkling
1661:New World
1457:0013-0613
1037:Mourvèdre
1031:Grenache.
919:Le Pradet
900:Champagne
848:Brignoles
811:pair well
786:terracing
761:Mourvèdre
742:Tavel AOC
703:limestone
535:Mourvèdre
466:Mourvèdre
439:Roussanne
423:Mayorquin
419:Clairette
357:Pierrefeu
305:sandstone
278:limestone
169:Marseille
139:with the
105:Savoyards
77:Marseille
3216:Provence
3151:Paraguay
3043:Slovenia
3038:Slovakia
3013:Portugal
2913:Bulgaria
2867:Thailand
2782:Abkhazia
2761:Tanzania
2741:Ethiopia
2660:Provence
2630:Burgundy
2625:Bordeaux
2354:Pressing
2276:Glossary
2192:Industry
2085:Jug wine
2080:Decanter
2070:Box wine
1968:Isabella
1963:Grenache
1943:Carignan
1890:SĂ©millon
1875:Riesling
1870:Palomino
1613:Ancient
1596:Vineyard
1591:Veraison
1576:Oenology
1116:See also
1101:apéritif
1092:rosemary
1088:lavender
1084:garrigue
1058:Viognier
1000:Les Arcs
931:La Motte
896:Burgundy
888:Bordeaux
799:Marsanne
717:cinnamon
669:Counoise
621:Semillon
597:Bordeaux
539:Tibouren
531:Grenache
523:Carignan
506:communes
462:Grenache
431:Pignerol
365:Vaucluse
353:La Londe
214:Carignan
191:Catalans
101:Catalans
51:Provence
3174:Portals
3161:Uruguay
3136:Bolivia
3103:Oceania
3063:Ukraine
3018:Romania
2988:Moldova
2963:Ireland
2958:Hungary
2948:Germany
2943:Georgia
2933:Denmark
2918:Croatia
2903:Belgium
2898:Austria
2893:Albania
2877:Vietnam
2837:Lebanon
2787:Armenia
2766:Tunisia
2751:Namibia
2746:Morocco
2731:Algeria
2640:Corsica
2538:Terroir
2496:Related
2344:Vintage
2326:Harvest
2271:Outline
2095:Muselet
2057:storage
1948:Cinsaut
1923:Barbera
1850:Macabeo
1810:Aligoté
1768:Organic
1758:Natural
1711:Dessert
1656:Georgia
1606:History
1586:Terroir
1581:Species
1050:Calitor
1046:Braquet
994:Cogolin
982:Lorgues
937:Pignans
853:terroir
807:acidity
765:terroir
748:notes.
721:leather
713:vanilla
708:Cinsaut
699:silicon
641:primeur
637:nouveau
625:nouveau
552:saignee
527:Cinsaut
458:Cinsaut
435:Braquet
341:Palette
258:mistral
175:amphora
161:History
125:Italian
121:Spanish
3200:France
3141:Brazil
3089:Mexico
3084:Canada
3053:Sweden
3033:Serbia
3023:Russia
3008:Poland
2953:Greece
2938:France
2923:Cyprus
2886:Europe
2872:Turkey
2862:Taiwan
2827:Jordan
2817:Israel
2797:Bhutan
2724:Africa
2615:Alsace
2503:Winery
2466:Solera
2090:Kvevri
1978:Merlot
1973:Malbec
1773:Kosher
1749:Other
1704:Orange
1677:Styles
1644:France
1455:
1431:
1409:14 May
1385:
1365:
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1320:
1272:
1231:
1194:
1163:
1106:garlic
976:Gassin
967:Hyères
904:Alsace
805:, low
803:bodies
792:Cassis
782:yields
777:tannic
769:Évenos
701:&
684:Bandol
345:Fréjus
337:Cassis
333:Bandol
297:quartz
293:schist
197:, the
189:, the
185:, the
155:Toulon
151:Bandol
147:Cassis
109:grapes
93:Romans
55:France
3146:Chile
3048:Spain
2983:Malta
2968:Italy
2857:Syria
2842:Nepal
2822:Japan
2807:India
2802:China
2736:Egypt
2670:Savoy
2665:RhĂ´ne
2453:Aging
2003:Syrah
1958:Gamay
1928:Bobal
1840:Glera
1805:Airén
1797:White
1753:Table
1741:Straw
1731:Fruit
1689:White
1632:China
1511:Wines
1110:aioli
1096:thyme
1054:Folle
547:Syrah
411:Rolle
289:soils
282:shale
234:aioli
222:Paris
117:Roman
113:Greek
97:Gauls
3188:Wine
3156:Peru
2812:Iran
2775:Asia
2645:Jura
2055:and
1784:Top
1699:Rosé
1555:Wine
1513:and
1453:ISSN
1429:ISBN
1411:2016
1383:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1270:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1094:and
1019:is.
902:and
732:and
719:and
660:Hell
619:and
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545:and
537:and
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437:and
403:Nice
347:and
303:and
301:clay
295:and
280:and
232:and
132:rosé
115:and
103:and
83:and
69:Wine
63:Alps
2461:Oak
1910:Red
1721:Ice
1684:Red
974:in
837:Var
771:to
639:or
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