246:
223:
1164:
40:
252:
3800:
1112:
mutated to the point that the protein can no longer mutate retroviral DNA. It was originally thought that the APOBEC3G-mediated deamination can also indirectly lead to viral DNA degradation by DNA repair systems attracted to the mutated residues. However, this has been discounted because human APOBEC3G reduces viral cDNA levels independently of DNA repair enzymes
1111:
The deamination activity ultimately results in GâA hypermutations at âhot spotsâ of the proviral DNA. Such hypermutation ultimately destroys the coding and replicative capacity of the virus, resulting in many nonviable virions. APOBEC3G has a much weaker antiviral effect when its active site has been
1225:
APOBEC3G is expressed within the non-permissive cells and is a key inhibitory factor of HIV-1 replication and infectivity. However, Vif counteracts this antiretroviral factor, enabling production of viable and infective HIV-1 virions in the presence of APOBEC3G activity . In particular, Vif prevents
1229:
While APOBEC3G has typically been studied as a vital protein exhibiting potent antiviral effects on HIV-1, recent studies have elucidated the potential of APOBEC3G-mediated mutation to help to facilitate the propagation HIV-1. The number of deaminations in the preferred regions varies from one to
1145:
APOBEC3G was associated with interference of viral DNA integration into the host genome in a manner dependent on functional catalytic domains and deaminase activity. Mbisa et al. saw that APOBEC3G interferes with the processing and removal of primer tRNA from the DNA minus strand, thus leading to
901:. APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal domain of A3G renders catalytic activity, several NMR and crystal structures explain the substrate specificity and catalytic activity.
1047:
residue, which lies within CD1 (Figure 1), appears to be particularly important for APOBEC3G interactions with Vif because a D128K point mutation prevents Vif-dependent depletion of APOBEC3G. Additionally, amino acids 128â130 on APOBEC3G form a negatively charged motif that is critical for
1136:
to initiate reverse transcription. APOBEC3G can inhibit tRNA3Lys priming, thereby negatively affecting viral ssDNA production and virus infectivity. It is predicted that reverse transcription is also negatively affected by APOBEC3G binding to viral RNA and causing steric alterations.
1234:
with APOBEC3G-mediated mutation have been shown to thrive because they carry too few mutations at APOBEC3G hotspots or because recombination between a lethally APOBEC3G-restricted provirus and a viable provirus has occurred. Such sublethal mutagenesis contributes to greater
66:
1230:
many, possibly dependent on the time of exposure to APOBEC3G. Additionally, it has been shown that there is a dose response between intracellular APOBEC3G concentration and degree of viral hypermutation. Some HIV-1
1092:(cDNA) in a 3â->5âprocessive manner. Because APOBEC3G is part of the APOBEC superfamily and acts as an AID, it is likely that the mechanism mediated by APOBEC3G for cytidine deamination is similar to that of an
1171:
APOBEC3G mRNA is expressed in certain cells, referred to as non-permissive cells, in which HIV-1 cannot properly infect and replicate in the absence of Vif. Such cells include physiologically relevant primary
3208:
1167:
Figure 3: Four proposed mechanisms of APOBEC3G encapsidation in HIV-1 virions. The mechanisms involving interaction with viral RNA and interaction with Gag proteins have been extensively confirmed.
994:
coordination site. Each domain also has the typical His/Cys-X-Glu-X23â28-Pro-Cys-X2-Cys motif for cytidine deaminases. However, unlike the typical cytidine deaminases, APOBEC3G contains a unique
1187:
is very important for the spread of APOBEC3G and the exertion of anti-retroviral activity. Encapsidation of APOBEC3G may occur by at least the following four proposed mechanisms (Figure 3):
958:
as a member of family of proteins APOBEC3A to 3G on chromosome 22 in 2002 and later also as a cellular factor able to restrict replication of HIV-1 lacking the viral accessory protein
1096:
cytidine deaminase that is known to be highly homologous to APOBEC1 and AID around the nucleotide and zinc-binding region. The predicted deamination reaction is driven by a direct
1958:
Jarmuz A, Chester A, Bayliss J, Gisbourne J, Dunham I, Scott J, Navaratnam N (March 2002). "An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22".
3201:
259:
1206:
The amount that is incorporated into virions is dependent on the level of APOBEC3G expression within the cell producing the virion. Xu et al. conducted studies with
3194:
1457:
Chen KM, Harjes E, Gross PJ, Fahmy A, Lu Y, Shindo K, et al. (March 2008). "Structure of the DNA deaminase domain of the HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G".
1150:(LTR) DNA ends. These viral DNA ends are inefficient substrates for integration and plus-strand DNA transfer. As a result, HIV-1 provirus formation is inhibited.
1210:
cells and found that, in the absence of Vif, 7±4 APOBEC3G molecules were incorporated into the virions and resulted in potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication.
3096:
Prochnow C, Bransteitter R, Klein MG, Goodman MF, Chen XS (January 2007). "The APOBEC-2 crystal structure and functional implications for the deaminase AID".
1315:
Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH (August 2002). "Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein".
1108:
group donor (Figure 2). The deamination (and resulting oxidation) at position 4 yields a carbonyl group and results in a change from cytidine to uridine.
184:
588:
569:
2222:"A single amino acid substitution in human APOBEC3G antiretroviral enzyme confers resistance to HIV-1 virion infectivity factor-induced depletion"
1069:
942:) that impairs the cytoplasmic solubility of APOBEC3G. The two ways of inhibition are distinct from each other, but they can replace each other
2281:"Identification of amino acid residues in APOBEC3G required for regulation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif and Virion encapsidation"
1009:
CD2 is catalytically active and vital for deamination and motif specificity. CD1 is catalytically inactive, but very important for binding to
3437:
2768:"Conserved footprints of APOBEC3G on Hypermutated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML2) sequences"
1294:
1276:
2333:"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cDNAs produced in the presence of APOBEC3G exhibit defects in plus-strand DNA transfer and integration"
1909:"Replacement of feline foamy virus bet by feline immunodeficiency virus vif yields replicative virus with novel vaccine candidate potential"
3069:
1226:
incorporation of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions and promotes destruction of the enzyme in a manner independent of all other HIV-1 proteins.
245:
1040:. While it is thought that APOBEC3G functions as a dimer, it is possible that it actually functions as a mix of monomers and oligomers.
1017:
and is key to defining the 5â->3â processivity of APOBEC3G deamination. CD2 has no deaminase activity without the presence of CD1.
821:
222:
3519:
155:, A3G, ARCD, ARP-9, ARP9, CEM-15, CEM15, MDS019, bK150C2.7, dJ494G10.1, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G
2523:"Inhibition of tRNAâ(Lys)-primed reverse transcription by human APOBEC3G during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication"
1263:
3075:
2958:"Turning up the volume on mutational pressure: is more of a good thing always better? (A case study of HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3)"
1239:
among the HIV-1 virus population, demonstrating the potential for APOBEC3G to enhance HIV-1's ability to adapt and propagate.
3412:
3675:
1259:
962:. Soon after, it was shown that APOBEC3G belonged to a family of proteins grouped together due to their homology with the
63:
3790:
2037:"Cytidine deamination and resistance to retroviral infection: towards a structural understanding of the APOBEC proteins"
258:
164:
2678:"HIV-1 Vif versus the APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases: an intracellular duel between pathogen and host restriction factors"
1060:
APOBEC3G has been widely studied and several mechanisms that negatively affect HIV-1 replication have been identified.
251:
3374:
2917:"HIV-1 Vif blocks the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by impairing both its translation and intracellular stability"
1203:
Interaction of APOBEC3G with HIV-1 Gag proteins. Only the latter two mechanisms have been extensively supported.
1048:
interactions with Vif and the formation of APOBEC3G-Vif complexes. Furthermore, residues 124-127 are important for
3660:
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3472:
3449:
3384:
3351:
3318:
3230:
1085:
3670:
3624:
3567:
3221:
959:
921:
633:
172:
2572:"Human APOBEC3G can restrict retroviral infection in avian cells and acts independently of both UNG and SMUG1"
3572:
3291:
1003:
614:
933:
1113:
2766:
Armitage AE, Katzourakis A, de
Oliveira T, Welch JJ, Belshaw R, Bishop KN, et al. (September 2008).
1907:
Ledesma-Feliciano C, Hagen S, Troyer R, Zheng X, Musselman E, Slavkovic Lukic D, et al. (May 2018).
3593:
3512:
1214:
1073:
3665:
2380:
Neuberger MS, Harris RS, Di Noia J, Petersen-Mahrt SK (June 2003). "Immunity through DNA deamination".
1858:
Jaguva
Vasudevan AA, Perkovic M, Bulliard Y, Cichutek K, Trono D, HĂ€ussinger D, MĂŒnk C (August 2013).
3820:
3422:
3105:
3020:
2233:
2081:"Structural model for deoxycytidine deamination mechanisms of the HIV-1 inactivation enzyme APOBEC3G"
1570:
1466:
1324:
1147:
151:
1408:
3629:
3402:
3301:
3186:
3081:
2331:
Mbisa JL, Barr R, Thomas JA, Vandegraaff N, Dorweiler IJ, Svarovskaia ES, et al. (July 2007).
1508:
Shandilya SM, Nalam MN, Nalivaika EA, Gross PJ, Valesano JC, Shindo K, et al. (January 2010).
1133:
795:
791:
770:
766:
762:
732:
724:
3562:
3427:
3129:
2202:
1786:
1616:"Structure, interaction and real-time monitoring of the enzymatic reaction of wild-type APOBEC3G"
1510:"Crystal structure of the APOBEC3G catalytic domain reveals potential oligomerization interfaces"
1490:
1439:
1348:
963:
898:
444:
negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
196:
1557:
Holden LG, Prochnow C, Chang YP, Bransteitter R, Chelico L, Sen U, et al. (November 2008).
799:
758:
728:
703:
1860:"Prototype foamy virus Bet impairs the dimerization and cytosolic solubility of human APOBEC3G"
1714:"First-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the single-strand DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3G"
1614:
Furukawa A, Nagata T, Matsugami A, Habu Y, Sugiyama R, Hayashi F, et al. (February 2009).
924:(Vif) protein in order to counteract this effect. Vif interacts with APOBEC3G and triggers the
3830:
3825:
3397:
3174:
3121:
3048:
2989:
2938:
2897:
2846:
2797:
2748:
2707:
2655:
2601:
2552:
2500:
2449:
2397:
2362:
2310:
2261:
2194:
2153:
2112:
2058:
2017:
1996:
Greene WC, Debyser Z, Ikeda Y, Freed EO, Stephens E, Yonemoto W, et al. (December 2008).
1975:
1940:
1889:
1840:
1778:
1743:
1694:
1645:
1596:
1539:
1482:
1431:
1389:
1340:
1236:
1163:
1089:
929:
192:
144:
56:
1712:
Li M, Shandilya SM, Carpenter MA, Rathore A, Brown WL, Perkins AL, et al. (March 2012).
3608:
3603:
3577:
3505:
3164:
3154:
3141:
Iwabu Y, Kinomoto M, Tatsumi M, Fujita H, Shimura M, Tanaka Y, et al. (November 2010).
3113:
3038:
3028:
2979:
2969:
2928:
2887:
2877:
2836:
2828:
2787:
2779:
2738:
2697:
2689:
2645:
2635:
2591:
2583:
2542:
2534:
2490:
2480:
2439:
2431:
2389:
2352:
2344:
2300:
2292:
2251:
2241:
2184:
2171:
Mariani R, Chen D, Schröfelbauer B, Navarro F, König R, Bollman B, et al. (July 2003).
2143:
2102:
2092:
2048:
2009:
1967:
1930:
1920:
1879:
1871:
1830:
1822:
1770:
1733:
1725:
1684:
1676:
1635:
1627:
1586:
1578:
1529:
1521:
1474:
1423:
1379:
1332:
1033:
897:. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti-viral
269:
213:
3143:"Differential anti-APOBEC3G activity of HIV-1 Vif proteins derived from different subtypes"
1665:"An extended structure of the APOBEC3G catalytic domain suggests a unique holoenzyme model"
1559:"Crystal structure of the anti-viral APOBEC3G catalytic domain and functional implications"
39:
3655:
3639:
3552:
3279:
1213:
In addition to deterring replication of exogenous retroviruses, A3G also acts upon human
352:
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
3109:
3024:
2237:
1574:
1470:
1328:
1128:
APOBEC3G interferes with reverse transcription of HIV-1 independent of DNA deamination.
3804:
3693:
3634:
3454:
3417:
3389:
3341:
3336:
3323:
3273:
3235:
3169:
3142:
3043:
3008:
2984:
2957:
2841:
2816:
2792:
2767:
2702:
2677:
2650:
2623:
2596:
2571:
2547:
2522:
2495:
2468:
2444:
2419:
2357:
2332:
2305:
2280:
2107:
2080:
1935:
1908:
1884:
1859:
1835:
1810:
1738:
1713:
1689:
1664:
1640:
1615:
1591:
1558:
1534:
1509:
1029:
925:
905:
2933:
2916:
2892:
2865:
2393:
2256:
2221:
2189:
2172:
1761:
Harris RS, Liddament MT (November 2004). "Retroviral restriction by APOBEC proteins".
1104:
ring by the zinc-coordinated enzyme. Water is needed as a source of both a proton and
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
336:
331:
326:
3814:
3598:
3557:
3481:
3407:
3356:
1176:
1077:
1049:
1025:
981:
domains, the N-terminal (CD1) and C-terminal (CD2) domains, each of which contains a
313:
2013:
1790:
1407:
Vasudevan AA, Smits SH, Höppner A, HĂ€ussinger D, Koenig BW, MĂŒnk C (November 2013).
176:
3547:
3263:
3243:
3133:
2220:
Xu H, Svarovskaia ES, Barr R, Zhang Y, Khan MA, Strebel K, Pathak VK (April 2004).
2206:
1494:
1443:
1352:
1097:
1081:
917:
1811:"The HIV-1 Vif PPLP motif is necessary for human APOBEC3G binding and degradation"
1663:
Harjes E, Gross PJ, Chen KM, Lu Y, Shindo K, Nowarski R, et al. (June 2009).
200:
3771:
3706:
3542:
3331:
3258:
3248:
2743:
2726:
2148:
2131:
2053:
2036:
1826:
1299:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1281:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1180:
995:
3799:
3013:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2226:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3486:
3369:
3286:
2693:
1925:
1680:
1525:
1101:
1044:
999:
909:
230:
180:
3745:
3719:
3462:
3217:
3159:
3033:
2246:
2097:
978:
928:
and degradation of APOBEC3G via the proteasomal pathway. On the other hand,
533:
297:
284:
188:
3178:
3125:
3052:
2993:
2974:
2942:
2901:
2882:
2850:
2801:
2752:
2725:
Xu H, Chertova E, Chen J, Ott DE, Roser JD, Hu WS, Pathak VK (April 2007).
2711:
2659:
2640:
2605:
2556:
2504:
2485:
2453:
2401:
2366:
2314:
2265:
2198:
2157:
2116:
2062:
2021:
1979:
1971:
1944:
1893:
1844:
1782:
1747:
1698:
1649:
1631:
1600:
1543:
1486:
1435:
1393:
1344:
1427:
1052:
of APOBEC3G into HIV-1 virions and the resulting antiretroviral activity.
861:
856:
3364:
2832:
2783:
2587:
2538:
2435:
2348:
2296:
1875:
1231:
1105:
1037:
938:
845:
678:
659:
3117:
1582:
1478:
1336:
876:(apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit 3G) is a human
341:
3306:
2420:"APOBEC3G contributes to HIV-1 variation through sublethal mutagenesis"
2132:"Functional analysis of the two cytidine deaminase domains in APOBEC3G"
1384:
1367:
1184:
1093:
1021:
966:
894:
645:
600:
17:
1729:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
3758:
3528:
3253:
2130:
Li X, Ma J, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Yin X, Zhai C, et al. (June 2011).
890:
877:
829:
555:
1997:
1774:
3732:
3432:
2727:"Stoichiometry of the antiviral protein APOBEC3G in HIV-1 virions"
2173:"Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif"
1162:
1117:
1068:
APOBEC3G and other proteins in the same family are able to act as
518:
514:
3296:
3268:
2915:
Stopak K, de
Noronha C, Yonemoto W, Greene WC (September 2003).
2079:
Chelico L, Prochnow C, Erie DA, Chen XS, Goodman MF (May 2010).
1207:
1129:
982:
886:
168:
3501:
3190:
2521:
Guo F, Cen S, Niu M, Saadatmand J, Kleiman L (December 2006).
1173:
1014:
1010:
977:
APOBEC3G has a symmetric structure, resulting in 2 homologous
913:
2624:"APOBEC3G encapsidation into HIV-1 virions: which RNA is it?"
1809:
Donahue JP, Vetter ML, Mukhtar NA, D'Aquila RT (July 2008).
2418:
Sadler HA, Stenglein MD, Harris RS, Mansky LM (July 2010).
3497:
2817:"Hypermutation of an ancient human retrovirus by APOBEC3G"
1409:"Structural features of antiviral DNA cytidine deaminases"
1368:"[Antiviral defense by APOBEC3 family proteins]"
1217:, leaving similar signatures of hypermutations in them.
469:
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
3788:
3009:"Cytidine deamination induced HIV-1 drug resistance"
2866:"HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3G: multiple roads to one goal"
3684:
3648:
3617:
3586:
3535:
3471:
3448:
3383:
3350:
3317:
3229:
916:, by interfering with proper replication. However,
784:
751:
717:
696:
2676:Wissing S, Galloway NL, Greene WC (October 2010).
1255:
1253:
1251:
268:
2815:Lee YN, Malim MH, Bieniasz PD (September 2008).
2671:
2669:
2617:
2615:
2516:
2514:
2413:
2411:
2326:
2324:
2074:
2072:
1991:
1989:
1804:
1802:
1800:
474:negative regulation of viral genome replication
1310:
1308:
1260:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000009585
3513:
3202:
2956:Pillai SK, Wong JK, Barbour JD (March 2008).
2864:Goncalves J, Santa-Marta M (September 2004).
8:
403:apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex
3007:Mulder LC, Harari A, Simon V (April 2008).
2469:"HIV-1 Vif, APOBEC, and intrinsic immunity"
1183:. The encapsidation of APOBEC3G into HIV-1
3520:
3506:
3498:
3209:
3195:
3187:
529:
309:
208:
74:
3168:
3158:
3042:
3032:
2983:
2973:
2932:
2891:
2881:
2840:
2791:
2742:
2701:
2649:
2639:
2595:
2546:
2494:
2484:
2443:
2356:
2304:
2255:
2245:
2188:
2147:
2106:
2096:
2052:
1934:
1924:
1883:
1834:
1737:
1688:
1639:
1590:
1533:
1383:
1070:activation-induced (cytidine) deaminases
1002:in the catalytic domain that could be a
3795:
1247:
1141:Interference with viral DNA integration
1124:Interference with reverse transcription
454:base conversion or substitution editing
2570:Langlois MA, Neuberger MS (May 2008).
1088:of the HIV DNA primarily expressed as
1064:Cytidine deamination and hypermutation
29:
3438:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
2467:Goila-Gaur R, Strebel K (June 2008).
1100:attack on position 4 of the cytidine
273:
234:
229:
7:
1199:APOBEC3G interaction with viral RNA
479:negative regulation of viral process
449:negative regulation of transposition
3147:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2085:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1195:APOBEC3G interaction with host RNA
1191:Non-specific packaging of APOBEC3G
2279:Huthoff H, Malim MH (April 2007).
2035:Huthoff H, Malim MH (April 2005).
1132:3Lys typically binds to the HIV-1
954:It was first identified by Jarmuz
781:
748:
714:
693:
669:
650:
624:
605:
579:
560:
25:
327:protein homodimerization activity
27:Protein and coding gene in humans
3798:
2622:Strebel K, Khan MA (July 2008).
1072:(AID). APOBEC3G interferes with
362:deoxycytidine deaminase activity
257:
250:
244:
221:
38:
3220:: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (
2014:10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.08.003
1998:"Novel targets for HIV therapy"
1020:Native APOBEC3G is composed of
3413:Inosine monophosphate synthase
2382:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1:
2934:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00353-8
2682:Molecular Aspects of Medicine
2394:10.1016/S0968-0004(03)00111-7
2190:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00515-4
920:such as HIV have evolved the
242:
1669:Journal of Molecular Biology
2744:10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.036
2149:10.1016/j.virol.2011.03.014
2054:10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.038
1827:10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.017
1366:Takaori A (December 2005).
499:cytidine to uridine editing
332:cytidine deaminase activity
3847:
3375:Protein-arginine deiminase
3297:Fatty acid amide hydrolase
3080:gene details page in the
1763:Nature Reviews. Immunology
3676:MichaelisâMenten kinetics
2694:10.1016/j.mam.2010.06.001
1926:10.1186/s12977-018-0419-0
1681:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.04.031
1526:10.1016/j.str.2009.10.016
1295:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1277:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1006:binding site. (Figure 1)
860:
855:
851:
844:
828:
811:
788:
755:
744:
721:
700:
689:
676:
672:
657:
653:
644:
631:
627:
612:
608:
599:
586:
582:
567:
563:
554:
539:
532:
528:
512:
484:defense response to virus
423:ribonucleoprotein complex
382:identical protein binding
312:
308:
291:
278:
241:
220:
211:
207:
162:
159:
149:
142:
137:
82:
77:
60:
55:
50:
46:
37:
32:
3568:Diffusion-limited enzyme
922:Viral infectivity factor
908:immune activity against
464:DNA cytosine deamination
3292:Aspartylglucosaminidase
3160:10.1074/jbc.M110.173286
3034:10.1073/pnas.0710190105
2247:10.1073/pnas.0400830101
2098:10.1074/jbc.M110.107987
1215:endogenous retroviruses
904:APOBEC3G exerts innate
822:Chr 15: 79.78 â 79.8 Mb
377:dCTP deaminase activity
2975:10.1186/1742-4690-5-26
2883:10.1186/1742-4690-1-28
2641:10.1186/1742-4690-5-55
2486:10.1186/1742-4690-5-51
1972:10.1006/geno.2002.6718
1632:10.1038/emboj.2008.290
1168:
489:innate immune response
275:15 E1|15 37.85 cM
3661:EadieâHofstee diagram
3594:Allosteric regulation
1428:10.1515/hsz-2013-0165
1166:
1076:by inducing numerous
1074:reverse transcription
934:accessory protein Bet
459:immune system process
236:Chromosome 15 (mouse)
3671:LineweaverâBurk plot
3423:GTP cyclohydrolase I
3074:genome location and
2833:10.1128/JVI.00751-08
2784:10.1128/JVI.00584-08
2588:10.1128/JVI.02469-07
2539:10.1128/JVI.01038-06
2436:10.1128/JVI.00056-10
2349:10.1128/JVI.00272-07
2297:10.1128/JVI.02795-06
1876:10.1128/JVI.03385-12
1718:ACS Chemical Biology
1416:Biological Chemistry
1148:long terminal repeat
889:that belongs to the
439:cytidine deamination
201:APOBEC3G - orthologs
78:List of PDB id codes
51:Available structures
3403:Adenosine deaminase
3302:Histone deacetylase
3118:10.1038/nature05492
3110:2007Natur.445..447P
3082:UCSC Genome Browser
3025:2008PNAS..105.5501M
2821:Journal of Virology
2772:Journal of Virology
2576:Journal of Virology
2527:Journal of Virology
2424:Journal of Virology
2337:Journal of Virology
2285:Journal of Virology
2238:2004PNAS..101.5652X
1864:Journal of Virology
1583:10.1038/nature07357
1575:2008Natur.456..121H
1479:10.1038/nature06638
1471:2008Natur.452..116C
1337:10.1038/nature00939
1329:2002Natur.418..646S
1154:Biological function
1134:primer binding site
1056:Mechanism of action
1036:, and higher order
3630:Enzyme superfamily
3563:Enzyme promiscuity
3428:Cytidine deaminase
3387:: Cyclic amidines/
3354:: Linear amidines/
2002:Antiviral Research
1385:10.2222/jsv.55.267
1169:
1146:aberrant viral 3â
964:cytidine deaminase
634:ENSMUSG00000009585
432:Biological process
391:Cellular component
347:hydrolase activity
342:catalytic activity
320:Molecular function
3786:
3785:
3495:
3494:
3398:Guanine deaminase
3233:: Linear amides /
2091:(21): 16195â205.
1730:10.1021/cb200440y
1237:genetic diversity
1221:Disease relevance
1159:HIV encapsidation
1090:complementary DNA
1084:mutations in the
871:
870:
867:
866:
840:
839:
807:
806:
778:
777:
740:
739:
711:
710:
685:
684:
666:
665:
640:
639:
621:
620:
595:
594:
576:
575:
524:
523:
504:DNA demethylation
357:metal ion binding
304:
303:
133:
132:
129:
128:
61:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
3838:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3666:HanesâWoolf plot
3609:Enzyme activator
3604:Enzyme inhibitor
3578:Enzyme catalysis
3522:
3515:
3508:
3499:
3321:: Cyclic amides/
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3137:
3104:(7126): 447â51.
3057:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2533:(23): 11710â22.
2518:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2430:(14): 7396â404.
2415:
2406:
2405:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2343:(13): 7099â110.
2328:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2192:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1620:The EMBO Journal
1611:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1323:(6898): 646â50.
1312:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1267:
1257:
992:
991:
990:
941:
853:
852:
824:
817:
802:
782:
773:
749:
745:RefSeq (protein)
735:
715:
706:
694:
670:
651:
625:
606:
580:
561:
530:
372:zinc ion binding
310:
300:
287:
276:
261:
254:
248:
237:
225:
209:
203:
154:
147:
124:
75:
69:
48:
47:
42:
30:
21:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3797:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3694:Oxidoreductases
3680:
3656:Enzyme kinetics
3644:
3640:List of enzymes
3613:
3582:
3553:Catalytic triad
3531:
3526:
3496:
3491:
3467:
3455:Aminohydrolases
3453:
3444:
3390:Aminohydrolases
3388:
3379:
3355:
3346:
3324:Amidohydrolases
3322:
3313:
3236:Amidohydrolases
3234:
3225:
3215:
3185:
3153:(46): 35350â8.
3140:
3095:
3091:
3089:Further reading
3065:
3060:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2827:(17): 8762â70.
2814:
2813:
2809:
2778:(17): 8743â61.
2765:
2764:
2760:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2034:
2033:
2029:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1870:(16): 9030â40.
1857:
1856:
1852:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1775:10.1038/nri1489
1760:
1759:
1755:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1569:(7218): 121â4.
1556:
1555:
1551:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1465:(7183): 116â9.
1456:
1455:
1451:
1422:(11): 1357â70.
1411:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1374:(in Japanese).
1365:
1364:
1360:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1223:
1161:
1156:
1143:
1126:
1086:negative strand
1066:
1058:
989:
987:
986:
985:
983:
975:
952:
937:
912:, most notably
893:superfamily of
880:encoded by the
862:View/Edit Mouse
857:View/Edit Human
820:
815:
812:Location (UCSC)
798:
794:
790:
769:
765:
761:
757:
731:
727:
723:
702:
615:ENSG00000239713
508:
427:
386:
337:protein binding
295:
282:
274:
264:
263:
262:
255:
235:
212:Gene location (
163:
150:
143:
84:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3844:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3702:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3618:Classification
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3418:DCMP deaminase
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3357:Ureohydrolases
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3342:Dihydroorotase
3339:
3337:Beta-lactamase
3334:
3328:
3326:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3274:Aspartoacylase
3271:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3138:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3064:
3063:External links
3061:
3059:
3058:
3019:(14): 5501â6.
2999:
2948:
2927:(3): 591â601.
2921:Molecular Cell
2907:
2856:
2807:
2758:
2717:
2665:
2611:
2562:
2510:
2459:
2407:
2372:
2320:
2291:(8): 3807â15.
2271:
2232:(15): 5652â7.
2212:
2163:
2122:
2068:
2027:
1985:
1950:
1899:
1850:
1796:
1769:(11): 868â77.
1753:
1704:
1655:
1606:
1549:
1500:
1449:
1399:
1358:
1304:
1286:
1268:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1222:
1219:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1125:
1122:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
988:
974:
971:
951:
948:
926:ubiquitination
906:antiretroviral
869:
868:
865:
864:
859:
849:
848:
842:
841:
838:
837:
835:
833:
826:
825:
818:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
786:
785:
779:
776:
775:
753:
752:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
719:
718:
712:
709:
708:
698:
697:
691:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:
673:
667:
664:
663:
655:
654:
648:
642:
641:
638:
637:
629:
628:
622:
619:
618:
610:
609:
603:
597:
596:
593:
592:
584:
583:
577:
574:
573:
565:
564:
558:
552:
551:
546:
541:
537:
536:
526:
525:
522:
521:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
392:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
323:
321:
317:
316:
306:
305:
302:
301:
293:
289:
288:
280:
277:
272:
266:
265:
256:
249:
243:
239:
238:
233:
227:
226:
218:
217:
205:
204:
161:
157:
156:
148:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
80:
79:
71:
70:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3843:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Enzyme family
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Cooperativity
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Oxyanion hole
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3488:
3487:Thiaminase II
3485:
3483:
3482:Riboflavinase
3480:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:AMP deaminase
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:Retrovirology
2959:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:Retrovirology
2867:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2737:(2): 247â56.
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:(5): 383â97.
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:Retrovirology
2625:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:(9): 4660â4.
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:Retrovirology
2470:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:(6): 305â12.
2387:
2383:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2047:(2): 147â53.
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2008:(3): 251â65.
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:(3): 285â96.
1965:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:Retrovirology
1910:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:(3): 506â17.
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:(5): 819â32.
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:(4): 440â51.
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1378:(2): 267â72.
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:T lymphocytes
1175:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:deoxycytidine
1075:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1050:encapsidation
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
980:
972:
970:
968:
965:
961:
957:
949:
947:
945:
940:
935:
931:
930:foamy viruses
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:
884:
879:
875:
863:
858:
854:
850:
847:
843:
836:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
810:
803:
801:
797:
793:
787:
783:
780:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
754:
750:
747:
743:
736:
734:
730:
726:
720:
716:
713:
707:
705:
699:
695:
692:
690:RefSeq (mRNA)
688:
681:
680:
675:
671:
668:
662:
661:
656:
652:
649:
647:
643:
636:
635:
630:
626:
623:
617:
616:
611:
607:
604:
602:
598:
591:
590:
585:
581:
578:
572:
571:
566:
562:
559:
557:
553:
550:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
520:
516:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:viral process
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
431:
430:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
393:
390:
389:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:Gene ontology
311:
307:
299:
294:
290:
286:
281:
271:
267:
260:
253:
247:
240:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
153:
146:
141:
136:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
72:
68:
65:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3772:Translocases
3769:
3756:
3743:
3730:
3717:
3707:Transferases
3704:
3691:
3548:Binding site
3264:Aminoacylase
3244:Asparaginase
3150:
3146:
3101:
3097:
3076:
3070:
3016:
3012:
3002:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2685:
2681:
2631:
2627:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2530:
2526:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2427:
2423:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2340:
2336:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2183:(1): 21â31.
2180:
2176:
2166:
2142:(2): 130â6.
2139:
2135:
2125:
2088:
2084:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2005:
2001:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1821:(1): 49â53.
1818:
1814:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1520:(1): 28â38.
1517:
1513:
1503:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1419:
1415:
1402:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1320:
1316:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1228:
1224:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1170:
1144:
1127:
1110:
1098:nucleophilic
1082:deoxyuridine
1067:
1059:
1042:
1019:
1008:
998:between two
976:
955:
953:
943:
918:lentiviruses
910:retroviruses
903:
882:
881:
873:
872:
796:NP_001333970
792:NP_001153887
789:
771:NP_001336367
767:NP_001336366
763:NP_001336365
756:
733:NM_001347041
725:NM_001160415
722:
701:
677:
658:
632:
613:
587:
568:
548:
543:
160:External IDs
83:
3821:Human genes
3543:Active site
3452:: Nitriles/
3332:Barbiturase
3259:Biotinidase
3249:Glutaminase
1181:macrophages
1000:beta sheets
996:alpha helix
932:produce an
367:RNA binding
296:79,800,107
283:79,775,860
138:Identifiers
3815:Categories
3746:Isomerases
3720:Hydrolases
3587:Regulation
3370:Agmatinase
3287:Ceramidase
3218:Hydrolases
2968:(26): 26.
2876:(28): 28.
2634:(55): 55.
1266:, May 2017
1243:References
1232:proviruses
1102:pyrimidine
1045:amino acid
181:HomoloGene
3625:EC number
3463:Nitrilase
2479:(1): 51.
1919:(1): 38.
1514:Structure
1043:The D128
1038:oligomers
1034:tetramers
979:catalytic
973:Structure
950:Discovery
800:NP_084531
759:NP_068594
729:NM_030255
704:NM_021822
534:Orthologs
413:cytoplasm
189:GeneCards
3831:HIV/AIDS
3826:EC 3.5.4
3649:Kinetics
3573:Cofactor
3536:Activity
3365:Arginase
3179:20833716
3126:17187054
3077:APOBEC3G
3071:APOBEC3G
3053:18391217
2994:18339206
2943:14527406
2902:15383144
2851:18562521
2802:18562517
2753:17126871
2731:Virology
2712:20538015
2660:18597677
2606:18272574
2557:16971427
2505:18577210
2454:20463080
2402:12826402
2367:17428871
2315:17267497
2266:15054139
2199:12859895
2158:21489586
2136:Virology
2117:20212048
2063:15780864
2041:Virology
2022:18789977
1980:11863358
1960:Genomics
1945:29769087
1894:23760237
1845:18499212
1815:Virology
1791:10789405
1783:15516966
1748:22181350
1699:19389408
1650:19153609
1601:18849968
1544:20152150
1487:18288108
1436:23787464
1394:16557012
1345:12167863
1262:–
1106:hydroxyl
1022:monomers
1004:cofactor
899:immunity
895:proteins
883:APOBEC3G
874:APOBEC3G
846:Wikidata
513:Sources:
193:APOBEC3G
152:APOBEC3G
33:APOBEC3G
3805:Biology
3759:Ligases
3529:Enzymes
3475:: Other
3307:Sirtuin
3170:2975159
3134:4394772
3106:Bibcode
3044:2291111
3021:Bibcode
2985:2323022
2842:2519637
2793:2519685
2703:2967609
2651:2491656
2597:2293047
2548:1642613
2496:2443170
2445:2898230
2358:1933301
2306:1866099
2234:Bibcode
2207:1789911
2108:2871487
1936:5956581
1885:3754047
1836:2474554
1739:3306499
1690:2700007
1641:2646150
1592:2714533
1571:Bibcode
1535:2913127
1495:4345410
1467:Bibcode
1444:4151961
1353:4403228
1325:Bibcode
1264:Ensembl
1185:virions
1094:E. coli
1030:trimers
967:APOBEC1
944:in vivo
646:UniProt
601:Ensembl
540:Species
519:QuickGO
408:cytosol
398:nucleus
177:1933111
145:Aliases
18:APOBEC3
3791:Portal
3733:Lyases
3473:3.5.99
3276:(ACY2)
3254:Urease
3177:
3167:
3132:
3124:
3098:Nature
3068:Human
3051:
3041:
2992:
2982:
2941:
2900:
2893:521195
2890:
2849:
2839:
2800:
2790:
2751:
2710:
2700:
2658:
2648:
2604:
2594:
2555:
2545:
2503:
2493:
2452:
2442:
2400:
2365:
2355:
2313:
2303:
2264:
2257:397464
2254:
2205:
2197:
2156:
2115:
2105:
2061:
2020:
1978:
1943:
1933:
1892:
1882:
1843:
1833:
1789:
1781:
1746:
1736:
1697:
1687:
1648:
1638:
1599:
1589:
1563:Nature
1542:
1532:
1493:
1485:
1459:Nature
1442:
1434:
1392:
1372:Uirusu
1351:
1343:
1317:Nature
1026:dimers
956:et al.
939:P89873
891:APOBEC
878:enzyme
832:search
830:PubMed
679:Q99J72
660:Q9HC16
556:Entrez
418:P-body
185:128348
169:607113
3685:Types
3450:3.5.5
3433:AICDA
3385:3.5.4
3352:3.5.3
3319:3.5.2
3231:3.5.1
3130:S2CID
2203:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1491:S2CID
1440:S2CID
1412:(PDF)
1349:S2CID
1118:SMUG1
589:80287
570:60489
549:Mouse
544:Human
515:Amigo
279:Start
214:Mouse
3777:list
3770:EC7
3764:list
3757:EC6
3751:list
3744:EC5
3738:list
3731:EC4
3725:list
3718:EC3
3712:list
3705:EC2
3699:list
3692:EC1
3280:ACY3
3269:ACY1
3224:3.5)
3175:PMID
3122:PMID
3049:PMID
2990:PMID
2939:PMID
2898:PMID
2847:PMID
2798:PMID
2749:PMID
2708:PMID
2656:PMID
2602:PMID
2553:PMID
2501:PMID
2450:PMID
2398:PMID
2363:PMID
2311:PMID
2262:PMID
2195:PMID
2177:Cell
2154:PMID
2113:PMID
2059:PMID
2018:PMID
1976:PMID
1941:PMID
1890:PMID
1841:PMID
1779:PMID
1744:PMID
1695:PMID
1646:PMID
1597:PMID
1540:PMID
1483:PMID
1432:PMID
1390:PMID
1341:PMID
1208:PBMC
1179:and
1130:tRNA
1116:and
1013:and
887:gene
270:Band
231:Chr.
165:OMIM
122:4ROW
118:4ROV
114:3V4K
110:3V4J
106:3IR2
102:3IQS
98:3E1U
94:2KEM
90:2KBO
86:2JYW
67:RCSB
64:PDBe
3165:PMC
3155:doi
3151:285
3114:doi
3102:445
3039:PMC
3029:doi
3017:105
2980:PMC
2970:doi
2929:doi
2888:PMC
2878:doi
2837:PMC
2829:doi
2788:PMC
2780:doi
2739:doi
2735:360
2698:PMC
2690:doi
2646:PMC
2636:doi
2592:PMC
2584:doi
2543:PMC
2535:doi
2491:PMC
2481:doi
2440:PMC
2432:doi
2390:doi
2353:PMC
2345:doi
2301:PMC
2293:doi
2252:PMC
2242:doi
2230:101
2185:doi
2181:114
2144:doi
2140:414
2103:PMC
2093:doi
2089:285
2049:doi
2045:334
2010:doi
1968:doi
1931:PMC
1921:doi
1880:PMC
1872:doi
1831:PMC
1823:doi
1819:377
1771:doi
1734:PMC
1726:doi
1685:PMC
1677:doi
1673:389
1636:PMC
1628:doi
1587:PMC
1579:doi
1567:456
1530:PMC
1522:doi
1475:doi
1463:452
1424:doi
1420:394
1380:doi
1333:doi
1321:418
1174:CD4
1114:UNG
1080:to
1015:RNA
1011:DNA
960:Vif
914:HIV
816:n/a
292:End
197:OMA
173:MGI
57:PDB
3817::
3222:EC
3173:.
3163:.
3149:.
3145:.
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1301:.
1283:.
936:(
216:)
199::
20:)
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