377:. Muir also cites other pre-statehood uses, including one in 1918 by Ameer Rihami, a Lebanese-American, Christian Arab nationalist, who wrote that "I would even say ... 'Give the land without a people to the people without a land' if Palestine were really without a people and if the Jews were really without a land". Rihami argued that Jews needed no homeland in Palestine because they enjoyed everywhere else "equal rights and equal opportunity, to say the least". And a use by someone she describes as an early twentieth-century academic Arabist who wrote that, "Their very slogan, 'The land without a people for the people without a land,' was an insult to Arabs of the country". American journalist
197:, an 1891 statement of support for making Palestine a Jewish state, was signed by hundreds of prominent Americans and received wide attention. Although the Memorial did not contain the phrase "land without a people", shortly after returning from his trip to Palestine in 1881 Blackstone wrote, in the context of his concern over the fate of the Jews of Russia, "And now, this very day, we stand face to face with the awful dilemma, that these millions cannot remain where they are, and yet have no other place to go... This phase of the question presents an astonishing anomaly – a land without a people, and a people without a land".
1253:
437:
movement's leading thinkers and writers, such as
Theodor Herzl, Chaim Nachman Bialik, and Max Mandelstamm. It was summed up in the widely propagated Zionist slogan, 'A land without a people for a people without a land'". Muir criticized Khalidi for failing to acknowledge the distinction between "a people" and people. Citing two examples of Khalidi's understanding of "a people" as a phrase referring to an ethnically identified population, she charges Khalidi with "misunderstand(ing) the phrase 'a people' only when discussing the phrase 'land without a people.'"
87:
22:
269:, leading to a break with the mainstream Zionist movement by 1905. In 1908, Zangwill told a London court that he had been naive when he made his 1901 speech and had since "realized what is the density of the Arab population", namely twice that of the United States. In 1913 he went even further, attacking those who insisted on repeating that Palestine was "empty and derelict" and who called him a traitor for reporting otherwise.
322:
outpouring of pre-state
Zionist articles and books use it. For a phrase that is so widely ascribed to Zionist leaders, it is remarkably hard to find in the historical record". She proposes that: "Unless or until evidence comes to light of its wide use by Zionist publications and organizations, the assertion that 'a land without a people for a people without a land' was a 'widely-propagated Zionist slogan' should be retired".
543:, in a book about the use of language as a weapon in politics, explains the phrase this way, "The specific claim was not the blatantly false one that the territory was unpopulated, nor that those living there were not human, but that they did not constitute 'a people', in other words, it was argued that they had no conception of nationhood in the modern western sense".
140:
and fertile regions will soon be without a ruler, without a known and acknowledged power to claim dominion. The territory must be assigned to some one or other... There is a country without a nation; and God now, in His wisdom and mercy, directs us to a nation without a country". In 1875, Shaftesbury told the annual general meeting of the
276:, Zangwill told him in 1916 that, "If you wish to give a country to a people without a country, it is utter foolishness to allow it to be the country of two peoples. This can only cause trouble. The Jews will suffer and so will their neighbours. One of the two: a different place must be found either for the Jews or for their neighbours".
306:
people, and it has no country. What else is necessary, then, than to fit the gem into the ring, to unite this people with this country? The owners of the country must, therefore, be persuaded and convinced that this marriage is advantageous, not only for the people and for the country, but also for themselves".
451:
Anita
Shapira wrote that the phrase was common among Zionists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and "contained a legitimation of the Jewish claim to the land and did away with any sense of uneasiness that a competitor to this claim might appear". Boaz Neumann also wrote that the early Zionist
256:
tribes." "Restore the country without a people to the people without a country. (Hear, hear.) For we have something to give as well as to get. We can sweep away the blackmailer—be he Pasha or
Bedouin—we can make the wilderness blossom as the rose, and build up in the heart of the world a civilisation
282:
In 1921 Zangwill wrote "If Lord
Shaftesbury was literally inexact in describing Palestine as a country without a people, he was essentially correct, for there is no Arab people living in intimate fusion with the country, utilizing its resources and stamping it with a characteristic impress: there is
424:
call Said's omission of the indefinite article "a" in "a people" a "distortion" of the meaning and suggest that it was done "perhaps malevolently" for the purpose of making the phrase acquire the meaning that Said and others impute to it, that
Zionists thought that the land was or wanted to make it
305:
and the first president of the state of Israel said: "In its initial stage
Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly depending on mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called Palestine, a country without a people, and, on the other hand, there exists the Jewish
496:
interpret the phrase as part of a deliberate ignoring, not expressing a lack of awareness of the existence of
Palestinian Arabs on the part of Zionists and, later, Israelis, but, rather, the fact that Zionists and Israelis preferred to pretend that Palestinian Arabs did not exist and the fact that
214:
was not the seat of a nation in the way that Japan is the land of the
Japanese and Denmark is the land of the Danes. The Arabic-speaking Muslim and Christian inhabitants of the "Holy Land" did not, in the view of European and American Christians of that era, appear to constitute a people or nation
139:
that
Greater Syria was "a country without a nation" in need of "a nation without a country... Is there such a thing? To be sure there is, the ancient and rightful lords of the soil, the Jews!" In May of the following year, he wrote in his diary "Syria is 'wasted without an inhabitant'; these vast
321:
Diana Muir argued that the phrase was nearly absent from pre-state Zionist literature, writing that, with the exception of Zangwill, "It is not evident that this was ever the slogan of any Zionist organization or that it was employed by any of the movement's leading figures. A mere handful of the
447:
states that the slogan employed by Zangwill was used for propaganda purposes, but that from the outset Zionist leaders were aware that "their aim of establishing a Jewish state in a territory inhabited by an Arab community could not be achieved without inducing, by one means or another, a large
570:
efficiency-based territorial claims in which nation states including Australia, Argentina, and the United States argue their right to territory on the grounds that the fact that these lands can support many more people under their government than were supported by the methods of the aboriginal
553:
Columbia University professor Gil Eyal writes "In fact, the inverse is true. Zionists never stopped debating Palestinian nationalism, arguing with it and about it, judging it, affirming or negating its existence, pointing to its virtues or vices... The accusation of 'denial' is simplistic and
436:
concurs with Said, interpreting the slogan as expressing the Zionist claim that Palestine was empty: "In the early days of the Zionist movement, many of its European supporters—and others—believed that Palestine was empty and sparsely cultivated. This view was widely propagated by some of the
203:, a popular speaker and author of travel books, published an 1897 travelogue in which he exhorts the Jews, "You are a people without a country; there is a country without a people. Be united. Fulfil the dreams of your old poets and patriarchs. Go back, go back to the land of Abraham".
349:
told the United Nations, "It pains our people greatly to witness the propagation of the myth that its homeland was a desert until it was made to bloom by the toil of foreign settlers, that it was a land without a people." In its 14 November 1988 "Declaration of Independence," the
476:
regards the phrase as evidence of a Zionist intention of carrying out a program of ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian Arab population – a program euphemistically called "transfer". According to Masalha, Zionist demographic "racism" and Zionist obsession with the Palestinian
513:
Another group of scholars interprets the phrase as an expression of the contentious assertion that, in the nineteenth century and the twentieth century up to WWI, the Arabs living in Palestine did not constitute a self-conscious national group, "a people".
166:
328:
similarly doubts that the phrase was in widespread use among Zionists. After affirming that this was a phrase in use among Christians, he writes "If there were early Zionists who validated that phrase, however, they did not do so easily or for long."
116:
Therefore are they wanderers throughout the world, who have nowhere found a place on which the sole of their foot could rest—a people without a country; even as their own land, as subsequently to be shown, is in a great measure a country without a
260:
However, within a few years, Zangwill's views changed and his use of the phrase took on a much different tone. Having "become fully aware of the Arab peril," he told an audience in New York, "Palestine proper has already its inhabitants. The
381:
said, "We used to read in our papers the slogan of Zionism, 'to give back a people to a Land without a People,' while the truth was that Palestine was already well-peopled with a population which was rapidly increasing from natural causes".
151:
and pre-state eras include "a country without a people for a people without a country," "a land without a nation for a nation without a land." According to Edward Said, the phrasing was "a land without people for a people without a land."
528:
writes that the phrase was a political argument that many mistakenly took to be a demographic argument. "What it meant was not that there were no people in Palestine... Rather, it meant that the people living in Palestine were not
412:, who held it to exemplify a kind of thinking that hopes to "cancel and transcend an actual reality—a group of resident Arabs—by means of a future wish—that the land be empty for development by a more deserving power". In his book
248:, Zangwill wrote that "Palestine is a country without a people; the Jews are a people without a country". In a debate at the Article Club in November of that year, Zangwill said "Palestine has but a small population of Arabs and
505:, who observed that "the Arabs do not exist in our textbooks . This is apparently in accordance with the Jewish-Zionist-socialist principles we have received. "A-people-without-a-land-returns-to-a-land-without-people".
1411:
915:
Lectures: Illustrated and Embellished with Views of the World's Famous Places and People, Being the Identical Discourses Delivered During the Past Eighteen Years under the Title of the Stoddard Lectures
279:
In 1917 he wrote "'Give the country without a people,' magnanimously pleaded Lord Shaftesbury, 'to the people without a country.' Alas, it was a misleading mistake. The country holds 600,000 Arabs."
144:
that "We have there a land teeming with fertility and rich in history, but almost without an inhabitant – a country without a people, and look! scattered over the world, a people without a country".
257:
that may be a mediator and interpreter between the East and the West." In 1902, Zangwill wrote that Palestine "remains at this moment an almost uninhabited, forsaken and ruined Turkish territory".
1441:
550:, the plain meaning of the phrase was that the Jews were a nation without a state while their ancestral homeland, Israel, was at that time (the nineteenth century) not the seat of any nation.
1354:
598:
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is already twice as thickly populated as the United States," leaving Zionists the choice of driving the Arabs out or dealing with a "large alien population." He moved his support to the
398:
A common interpretation of the phrase has been as an expression of the land being empty of inhabitants. Others have argued that in the phrase, "a people" is defined as a nation.
1379:
Territorial Rights, Tamar Meisels, Springer, 2005, Chapter 5, "'A Land Without a People' – An Evaluation of Nation's Efficiency-based Territorial Claims", pp. 63–73.
1043:
Weizmann, 28 March 1914, in Barnet Litvinoff, (ed.), The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann, Vol. I, Series B (Jerusalem: Israel University Press, 1983), pp.115–6
858:
128:
26:
770:
136:
121:
Its most common paraphrase, "A land without a people and a people without a land", appeared soon thereafter in print in an 1844 review of Keith's book in a
1242:, "Said, Palestine, and the Humanism of Liberation", Critical Inquiry, 31 (2005): 443; idem, "An Iron Wall of Colonization", Counterpunch, 26 January 2005.
616:
283:
at best an Arab encampment, the break-up of which would throw upon the Jews the actual manual labor of regeneration and prevent them from exploiting the
829:
Shaftesbury's allusion is to Isaiah 6:11, "Until the cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and the land be utterly desolate".
938:
Israel Zangwill, The Commercial Future of Palestine, Debate at the Article Club, 20 November 1901. Published by Greenberg & Co. Also published in
611:
1064:
Walter Laqueur and Barry Rubin, eds., The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict (New York: Penguin, 2001), pp. 174–5
621:
183:
132:
97:
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712:
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disregards the historical phenomenon of a polemical discourse revolving around the central axis provided by Arab or Palestinian nationalism..."
1116:
Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity; The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), p. 101.
1169:
Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict, Norman G. Finkelstein, Published by Verso, 2003, Chapter II, "A Land Without a People".
289:, whose numbers and lower wages are moreover a considerable obstacle to the proposed immigration from Poland and other suffering centers".
1282:, Ghada Karmi, Eugene Cotran, University of London. Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law, Garnet & Ithaca Press, 1999, pp. 66–67.
1416:
210:
what Keith, Shaftesbury, Blackstone, Stoddard and the other nineteenth century Christians who used this phrase were saying was that the
122:
810:
Millennial Expectations and Jewish Liberties: A Study of the Efforts to Convert the Jews in Britain, Up to the Mid Nineteenth Century
78:
stated to the contrary that it "was common among Zionists at the end of the nineteenth, and the beginning of the twentieth century."
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1263:
722:
370:
1007:
Simon (1937), pp. 313–314. He continued, "Well, consistency may be a political virtue, but I see no virtue in consistent lying."
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429:
criticizes Said for writing "without people" instead of "without a people", which he says substantially changes the meaning.
533:
people with a history, culture, and legitimate claim to national self-determination... Palestine contained people, but not
345:, who stated that "Palestine is not a land without a people for a people without a land!" On 13 November 1974, PLO leader
354:
accused "local and international forces" of "attempts to propagate the lie that 'Palestine is a land without a people.'"
369:
According to Diana Muir, the earliest identified use of the phrase by an opponent of Zionism occurred shortly after the
366:
has called this phrase evidence that the Zionists "sought to deny the very existence and humanity of the Palestinians."
351:
1421:
1142:
Whitelam, Keith, The Invention of Ancient Israel: the silencing of Palestinian History, Routledge, London, 1996, p.58
1104:
Nur Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of 'Transfer' In Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948, 1992.
337:
The phrase has been widely cited by politicians and political activists objecting to Zionist claims, including the
262:
141:
1431:
1406:
1401:
175:
169:
60:
clergyman, and the phrase continued to be used for almost a century predominantly by Christian Restorationists.
1160:
Jews and Muslims in the Arab World: Haunted by Pasts Real and Imagined; Jacob Lassner, Ilan Troen, 2007, p. 303
342:
266:
1229:
Masalha, Nur, A Land Without a People: Israel, Transfer and the Palestinians, 1949–96, Farber and Farber, 1997
1127:"'The bride is beautiful, but she is married to another man': Historical Fabrication and an Anti-Zionist Myth"
521:
wrote that "Shaftesbury, like the later Zionists, clearly meant by 'people' a recognizable people, a nation."
359:
1185:
302:
501:, contributing to an edited collection by Ghada Karmi and Eugene Cotran, cites Israel's leading satirist
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101:
90:
844:
698:
Alan Dowty, The Jewish State, A Century Later (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), p. 267.
1292:
1341:
Unspeak: How Words Become Weapons, How Weapons Become a Message, and How that Message becomes reality
200:
901:
On Behalf of Israel; American Fundamentalist Attitudes Toward Jews, Judaism, and Zionism, 1865–1945
518:
374:
273:
194:
852:
478:
440:
244:
46:
481:" have "informed the thinking of Israeli officials since the creation of the state of Israel".
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1305:
1259:
1016:
Cited in Yosef Gorny, Zionism and the Arabs, 1882–1948 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), p. 271
718:
547:
416:, Said cites the phrase in this wording, "A land without people for a people without a land".
378:
105:
57:
1436:
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1327:
1311:
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525:
453:
355:
86:
21:
684:
Jewcentricity: Why the Jews Are Praised, Blamed, and Used to Explain Just About Everything
457:
405:
claim that Zionists used this phrase to present Palestine as being "without inhabitants".
239:
235:
220:
215:
defined by their attachment to Palestine, they appeared, rather, to be part of the larger
42:
1180:
742:
1324:
A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel
1307:
A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel
443:
interprets the phrase as an attempt by Zionists to deny a Palestinian nation. Historian
433:
426:
325:
298:
207:
318:
quoted Garfinkle that the phrase was not used by Zionist leaders other than Zangwill.
186:. Like most people in the 1880s and 90s, he was appalled by the government-instigated
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1239:
1073:"Palestinian National Council Declaration of Independence", Algiers, 14 November 1988
563:
502:
493:
421:
417:
363:
238:, who was initially Zionist but soon became a prominent Anti-Zionist and advocate of
161:
Use of the phrase by Christian Zionists and proponents of a Jewish return to the land
148:
75:
30:
1151:
Raheb, Mitri, I Am a Palestinian Christian, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 1995 p. 152
362:, calls the phrase "a wicked lie in order to make the Palestinian people homeless."
970:
I. Zangwill, The Voice of Jerusalem, MacMillan, 1921, p. 92, reporting 1904 speech.
540:
346:
224:
165:
1356:
The Disenchantment of the Orient: Expertise in Arab Affairs and the Israeli State
1278:
Dan Ben-Amotz, Seporei Abu-Nimr (Tel Aviv: Zmora-Bitan, 1982 ), p.155, cited in
952:
Israel Zangwill (22 February 1902). "Providence, Palestine and the Rothschilds".
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Israel Zangwill, "The Return to Palestine", New Liberal Review, Dec. 1901, p. 615
748:
498:
489:
473:
409:
402:
216:
660:
444:
315:
67:
63:
874:
Said, Edward, (New York: Times Books, 1979), The Question of Palestine, p. 9.
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211:
179:
1034:
Zangwill, Israel, The Voice of Jerusalem, Macmillan, New York, 1921, p. 109
70:
have claimed that this phrase never came into widespread use among Jewish
794:
Garfinkle, Adam M., "On the Origin, Meaning, Use and Abuse of a Phrase".
249:
567:
464:) were full of expressions of Palestine as an empty and desolate land.
253:
187:
71:
53:
41:" is a widely cited phrase associated with the movement to establish a
886:
America and the Holy Land, Vol. 4 in the series, With Eyes Toward Sion
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566:
regards the argument made by the slogan as falling into a category of
285:
242:, was one of the most prolific users of the phrase. In 1901 in the
338:
164:
85:
20:
178:(born 1841) became an evangelist at the age of 37. A trip to the
49:. Its historicity and significance are a matter of contention.
1293:"Before Pastor Hagee, There Was Lord Shaftesbury » Mosaic"
56:
slogan, the phrase was originally used as early as 1843 by a
1025:
I. Zangwill, The Voice of Jerusalem, MacMillan, 1921, p. 96
390:
Scholarly opinion on the meaning of the phrase is divided.
827:. Vol. II. London: Cassel & Company. p. 478.
825:
The Life and Work off the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G
773:. John Wardlaw. 28 February 1844 – via Google Books.
509:
An expression of the non-existence of a Palestinian nation
133:
London Society for Promoting Christianity Amongst the Jews
96:
An early use of the phrase was by Christian clergyman and
599:
The bride is beautiful, but she is married to another man
694:
692:
108:
in 1839, Keith published a retrospective of his journey—
665:"A Land without a People for a People without a Land",
1131:
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
714:
Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881-1948
485:
An expression of the wish that the Arabs would go away
1095:
Hanan Ashrawi, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 November 2003
394:
An expression of the Zionist vision of an empty land
1442:
Phrases related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
39:
A land without a people for a people without a land
1412:Historiography of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
979:H. Faris, Israel Zangwill's challenge to Zionism,
468:An expression of the intention of ethnic cleansing
310:Assertions that it was not a Jewish Zionist slogan
1252:Karmi, Ghada; Cotran, Eugene (28 February 1999).
1053:Islamic Awakening Between Rejection and Extremism
903:. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Publishing. p. 74.
995:Speeches Articles and Letters of Israel Zangwill
401:Historian Keith Whitelam and Christian activist
1314:, Princeton University Press, 2008, Chapter Six
1055:, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, Nancy Roberts, 2006, p. 78
678:
676:
29:, by F. Winter, 1886. In the collection of the
1219:. Brandeis University Press. pp. 79, 217.
129:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury
8:
1330:, Princeton University Press, 2008, p. 165-6
1084:The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1082:Matt Horton, "The Atlas of Palestine 1948,"
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617:Media coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict
452:pioneers used the phrase, citing a book of
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857:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
997:. London: The Soncino Press. p. 268.
983:, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Spring, 1975), pp. 74–90
888:. Westport, CT.: Praeger. pp. 64–66.
706:
704:
612:Demographic history of Palestine (region)
333:Use of the phrase by opponents of Zionism
131:, in July 1853, who was President of the
622:Restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land
558:As an efficiency-based territorial claim
425:into a land "without people". Historian
386:Interpretation of the phrase by scholars
190:being carried out against Russian Jews.
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592:There was no such thing as Palestinians
571:peoples confers a right of possession.
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917:, Vol. 2. 1897, as cited in Garfinkle
448:number of Arabs to leave Palestine."
252:and wandering, lawless, blackmailing
7:
686:, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, p. 265.
460:. The writings of Zionist pioneers (
293:Use of the phrase by Jewish Zionists
231:Use of the phrase by Israel Zangwill
1133:, Vol. 30, No. 3 (2012), pp. 35–61.
839:Palestine Exploration Fund (1875).
747:. Harper & Bros. Archived from
711:Shapira, Anita (28 February 1999).
182:in 1881 made him into a passionate
112:—in 1843. Keith wrote of the Jews:
942:, Vol. 221 (Feb 1902) pp. 421–430.
14:
1280:The Palestinian exodus, 1948–1998
1255:The Palestinian Exodus, 1948-1998
1217:Land and Desire in Early Zionism
497:Jews wished they would go away.
147:Variant phrasings in use in the
771:"The United Secession Magazine"
358:, founder and president of the
1353:Eyal, Gil (28 February 2006).
16:Phrase associated with Zionism
1:
1359:. Stanford University Press.
717:. Stanford University Press.
669:, Spring 2008, Vol. 15, No. 2
104:. Following an expedition to
981:Journal of Palestine Studies
940:English Illustrated Magazine
841:Quarterly Statement for 1875
812:. Brill Archive. p. 91.
798:, London, Oct. 1991, vol. 27
352:Palestinian National Council
52:Although it became a Jewish
1179:Shlaim, Avi (9 June 1994).
1458:
1417:Anti-Palestinian sentiment
142:Palestine Exploration Fund
1369:– via Google Books.
1268:– via Google Books.
741:Keith, Alexander (1843).
727:– via Google Books.
414:The Question of Palestine
301:, later president of the
176:William Eugene Blackstone
170:William Eugene Blackstone
667:Middle Eastern Quarterly
343:Mohammad Amin al-Husayni
91:Rev. Dr. Alexander Keith
58:Christian Restorationist
1385:10.1111/1467-9248.00403
546:According to historian
137:Prime Minister Aberdeen
1427:Political catchphrases
1186:London Review of Books
993:Maurice Simon (1937).
899:Yaakov, Ariel (1991).
796:Middle Eastern Studies
580:Phrases and quotations
360:Palestine Land Society
303:World Zionist Congress
172:
119:
93:
34:
1215:Boaz Neumann (2001).
884:Davis, Moshe (1995).
823:Edwin Hodder (1887).
586:Azzam Pasha quotation
263:pashalik of Jerusalem
168:
114:
102:Alexander Keith, D.D.
89:
27:Anthony Ashley-Cooper
24:
201:John Lawson Stoddard
123:Scottish Free Church
562:Political theorist
519:Gertrude Himmelfarb
375:Balfour Declaration
195:Blackstone Memorial
1422:Church of Scotland
1086:, Aug. 2005, p. 58
913:John L. Stoddard.
843:. London. p.
808:Mel Scult (1978).
751:on 18 October 2008
744:The Land of Israel
479:demographic threat
441:Norman Finkelstein
371:British government
245:New Liberal Review
173:
110:The Land of Israel
94:
35:
682:Garfinkle, Adam,
548:Adam M. Garfinkle
408:Literary scholar
379:William McCrackan
156:Use of the phrase
106:Ottoman Palestine
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1407:1840s quotations
1402:1840s neologisms
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753:. Retrieved
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541:Steven Poole
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1193:(11): 26–27
954:The Speaker
755:19 December
499:Nur Masalha
490:Ghada Karmi
474:Nur Masalha
410:Edward Said
403:Mitri Raheb
373:issued the
149:pre-Zionist
1396:Categories
1238:see also:
1197:16 October
661:Diana Muir
628:References
524:Historian
517:Historian
472:Historian
445:Avi Shlaim
432:Historian
316:Alan Dowty
314:Historian
125:magazine.
68:Diana Muir
64:Alan Dowty
853:cite book
537:people".
212:Holy Land
180:Holy Land
135:wrote to
47:Palestine
575:See also
462:Halutzim
297:In 1914
286:fellahin
250:fellahin
221:Armenian
72:Zionists
25:Bust of
1437:Zionism
568:Lockean
254:Bedouin
188:pogroms
117:people.
82:History
54:Zionist
1363:
1262:
721:
339:Mufti
100:Rev.
1361:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1199:2012
859:link
757:2023
719:ISBN
492:and
456:and
420:and
217:Arab
193:The
66:and
1381:doi
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223:or
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