333:(Cenerentola, Cendrillon, Aschenputtel.) A young woman is mistreated by her stepmother and stepsisters and has to live in the ashes as a servant. When the sisters and the stepmother go to a ball (church), they give Cinderella an impossible task (e.g. sorting peas from ashes), which she accomplishes with the help of birds . She obtains beautiful clothing from a supernatural being or a tree that grows on the grave of her deceased mother and goes unknown to the ball. A prince falls in love with her , but she has to leave the ball early . The same thing happens on the next evening, but on the third evening, she loses one of her shoes .
845:(KHM 110) is an example of this type of tale. An American version of this tale, told to folklorist Marie Campbell in 1958 in Kentucky, included this apology from the informant: "Seems like all the tales about Jews gives the Jews a bad name — greedy, grabbing for cash money, cheating their work hands out of their wages—I don't know what all. I never did know a Jew, never even met up with one."
838:
The original version of the "Dance Among the Thorns" tale-type comes from 15th century Europe, and features a monk who was forced to dance in a thorn bush, by a boy with a magic flute or fiddle. It reflected the anticlerical sentiment of many folk tales at the time, and implies that the monk deserves
271:
The Aarne–Thompson Tale Type Index divides tales into sections with an AT number for each entry. The names given are typical, but usage varies; the same tale type number may be referred to by its central motif or by one of the variant folktales of that type, which can also vary, especially when used
388:
by which they are classified. Furthermore, Propp contended that using a "macro-level" analysis means that the stories that share motifs might not be classified together, while stories with wide divergences may be grouped under one tale type because the index must select some features as salient. He
254:
is a traditional tale that has an independent existence. It may be told as a complete narrative and does not depend for its meaning on any other tale. It may indeed happen to be told with another tale, but the fact that it may be told alone attests its independence. It may consist of only one motif
336:
The prince will marry only the woman whom the shoe fits . The stepsisters cut pieces off their feet in order to make them fit into the shoe , but a bird calls attention to this deceit. Cinderella, who had first been hidden from the prince, tries on the shoe and it fits her. The prince marries her.
444:
In regards to the typological classification, some folklorists and tale comparativists have acknowledged singular tale types that, due to their own characteristics, would merit their own type. Although such tales often have not been listed in the international folktale system, they can exist in
396:
In describing the motivation for his work, Uther presents several criticisms of the original index. He points out that
Thompson's focus on oral tradition sometimes neglects older versions of stories, even when written records exist, that the distribution of stories is uneven (with Eastern and
181:
revised Aarne's classification system in 1928, enlarging its scope, while also translating it from German into
English. In doing so, he created the "AT number system" (also referred to as "AaTh system") which remained in use through the second half of the century. Another edition with further
413:
Author Pete Jordi Wood claims that topics related to homosexuality have been excluded intentionally from the type index. Similarly, folklorist Joseph P. Goodwin states that
Thompson omitted "much of the extensive body of sexual and 'obscene' material", and that – as of 1995 – "topics like
804:"Confined, so far as now appears, to a very limited section of eastern Europe is the story of the hero called "I don't know". It is hard to tell whether this should be considered as a distinct tale type (type 532), or merely as a variety of the Goldener story (tale
393:" as an animal tale, just because of the wolf – it did raise questions because animal tales often contained fantastic elements, and tales of the fantastic often contained animals; indeed a tale could shift categories if a peasant deceived a bear rather than a devil.
417:
The ATU folktype index has been criticized for its apparent geographic concentration on Europe and North Africa, or over-representation of
Eurasia and North America. The catalogue appears to ignore or under-represent other regions. Central Asian examples include:
1406:
Negative or skeptical views of the possibility of classifying folklore material on a typological basis find support in the fact that the classification systems successfully applied to
European folklore material have not proved valid for material from other
2013:
Bortolini, Eugenio; Pagani, Luca; Crema, Enrico R.; Sarno, Stefania; Barbieri, Chiara; Boattini, Alessio; Sazzini, Marco; da Silva, Sara Graça; Martini, Gessica; Metspalu, Mait; Pettener, Davide; Luiselli, Donata; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (22 August 2017).
414:
homosexuality are still largely excluded from the type and motif indexes." In an essay, Alan Dundes also criticized
Thompson's handling of the folkloric subject material, which he considered to be "excessive prudery" and a form of censorship.
397:
Southern
European as well as many other regions' folktale types being under-represented), and that some included folktale types have dubious importance. Similarly, Thompson had noted that the tale type index might well be called
221:
as well as "smaller narrative forms" in this expanded listing. He also put the emphasis of the collection more explicitly on international folktales, removing examples whose attestation was limited to one ethnic group.
792:"Stith Thompson himself indicated that the AT-Index works only for the Hindu-European ('from Ireland to India') cultural area. He assumed that the folklore of other areas would not be well integrated in the AT system."
424:
276:(545B) also includes tales where a fox helps the hero. Closely related folktales are often grouped within a type. For example, tale types 400–424 all feature brides or wives as the primary protagonist, for instance
1494:. The Nineteenth Annual Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies Northwest Conference – From symbolism to security politics, literature, and imagery in Russia, eastern Europe, and central Asia.
783:
similarly, points out that "Aarne's mistake was not classifying tales on the basis of narrative plot rather than " because "the same tale can be told with either animal or human characters" (197).
213:" often obscured "older, written versions of the tale types". To remedy these shortcomings Uther developed the Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) classification system and included more tales from
555:
Ten more magic tales were found to be current throughout the
Western branch of the Indo-European languages, comprising the main European language families derived from PIE (i.e.
638:
209:. Uther noted that many of the earlier descriptions were cursory and often imprecise, that many "irregular types" are in fact old and widespread, and that "emphasis on
390:
2313:
1246:
39:. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist
2852:
2403:
2308:
343:
This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 403, 480, 510B, and also 408, 409, 431, 450, 511, 511A, 707, and 923.
526:
369:
explains that the Aarne–Thompson indexes are some of the "most valuable tools in the professional folklorist's arsenal of aids for analysis".
2358:
2171:
1995:
1984:
1973:
1696:
730:
389:
also observed that although the distinction between animal tales and tales of the fantastic was basically correct – no one would classify "
357:
The entry concludes, like others in the catalogue, with a long list of references to secondary literature on the tale, and variants of it.
736:
2456:
1827:
Karsdorp, Folgert; van der Meulen, Marten; Meder, Theo; van den Bosch, Antal (2 January 2015). "MOMFER: A search engine of
Thompson's
1486:
2114:
Kawan, Christine
Shojaei (2004). "Reflections on International Narrative Research on the Example of The Tale of the Three Oranges".
1942:
1934:
1926:
1892:
1767:
1067:
2827:
712:
2286:
2832:
2412:
1712:
Bottigheimer, Ruth B. (1993). "Luckless, witless, and filthy-footed: A sociocultural study and publishing history analysis of
966:
The types of international folktales: A classification and bibliography, based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
2768:
1956:
The Types of International Folktales: A classification and bibliography based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
1909:
The Types of International Folktales: A classification and bibliography based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
1866:
755:
56:
521:
174:
and the repeated narrative ideas that can be seen as the building-blocks of traditional narrative; its scope was European.
465:
J.J. Tehrani in 2016, tried to evaluate the time of emergence for the "Tales of Magic" (ATU 300–ATU 749), based on a
1958:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 284–286 (2nd printing ed.). Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
284:(402). Subtypes within a tale type are designated by the addition of a letter to the AT number, for instance: tale 510,
2842:
2822:
1660:
401:. However, Dundes notes that in spite of the flaws of tale type indexes (e.g., typos, redundancies, censorship, etc.;
2251:
272:
in different countries and cultures. The name does not have to be strictly literal for every folktale. For example,
2757:
749:
163:
155:
2837:
2393:
127:
compilations in comparison to international collections available at the time by other folklorists, such as the
2670:
2195:
718:
626:
409:, a method which despite postmodern naysayers ... continues to be the hallmark of international folkloristics".
2422:
968:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 7. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. pp. 284–286.
676:
494:
486:
197:
plots from which, for countless generations, European and Near Eastern storytellers have built their tales".
1270:
Goodwin, Joseph P. (1995). "If ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise: What we don't know can hurt us".
1087:
2449:
2123:
1114:
1091:
826:
499:
482:
101:
2847:
2784:
2407:
1095:
454:
385:
171:
74:
1047:
2789:
2027:
1557:
841:
761:
700:
599:
2128:
2495:
1102:. London, UK: Folk-lore Society / Sidgwich & Jackson. pp. 344–355 – via archive.org.
1063:
470:
419:
89:
318:
As an example, the entry for 510A in the ATU index (with cross-references to motifs in Thompson's
123:'s system of folktale classification. This catalogue consisted of 134 types, mostly based on
92:, in 1866, translated von Hahn's list and extended it to 52 tale types, which he called
2622:
2517:
2291:
2076:
1848:
1813:
1733:
1618:
1526:
1374:
1279:
1006:
801:
On the other hand, some independent tale types have been called into question, even by Thompson:
560:
511:
2632:
1951:
1911:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 284–286. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
1904:
961:
690:
206:
48:
1781:
A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne–Thompson Classification System
1297:
Bronner, Simon J., ed. (2007). "From Etic to Emic units in the structural study of folktales".
1143:
A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne–Thompson classification system
2794:
2442:
2364:
2354:
2167:
2067:
Goldberg, Christine (2010). "Strength in Numbers: The Uses of Comparative Folktale Research".
2055:
1991:
1980:
1969:
1959:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1912:
1888:
1763:
1692:
1686:
1583:
1227:
1120:
969:
936:
910:
877:
694:
581:
377:
82:
2752:
2133:
2101:
2045:
2035:
1840:
1725:
1610:
1573:
1565:
1518:
1465:
1432:
1397:
1366:
1337:
1302:
935:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 184. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
724:
568:
564:
132:
43:(1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist
36:
909:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 74. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
2680:
2617:
2545:
1454:"The travelling girl and her helpful siblings: An unnoticed boreal tale and the ATU index"
617:
590:
541:
218:
162:, and developed the initial version of what became the Aarne–Thompson tale type index for
124:
120:
77:
devised a preliminary analysis of some 40 tale "formulae" as introduction to his book of
2031:
1561:
1546:"Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales"
868:
Aarne, Antti (1910). "Verzeichnis der Märchentypen" [List of Fairy Tale Types].
399:
The Types of the Folk-Tales of Europe, West Asia, and the Lands Settled by these Peoples
365:
In his essay "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique", American folklorist
2695:
2540:
2532:
2050:
2015:
1878:
1862:
1578:
1545:
1178:
1138:
898:
706:
462:
373:
214:
210:
183:
178:
128:
105:
78:
44:
1392:
Horálek, K. (1974). "Folk Poetry: History And Typology". In Arthur S. Abramson (ed.).
2816:
2642:
2600:
2557:
2416:
1852:
1622:
1378:
1083:
547:
406:
159:
97:
2348:
2267:
1998:
1987:
1976:
1637:
2774:
2716:
2647:
2522:
2428:
1419:
Thuillard, Marc; le Quellec, Jean-Loïc; d'Huy, Julien; Berezkin, Yuri (2018).
556:
466:
151:
147:
2166:. Folklore Fellows Communications. Vol. 322. Helsinki: The Kalevala Society.
2088:
Conrad, JoAnn (March 2006). "Besprechungen (Review of) Asplund Ingemark, Camilla:
1844:
1638:"A Mortal Visits the Other World – the Relativity of Time in Estonian Fairy Tales"
1882:
1470:
1453:
100:
expanded the list to 70 tale types and published it as "Appendix C" in
2731:
2587:
2480:
1801:
1755:
1195:
994:
780:
657:
366:
143:
116:
40:
28:
2268:"Folktale and Folk Motif Index, a list of folktales according to the ATU Index"
1614:
1223:
Classifying folktales: The third revision of the Aarne–Thompson tale type index
2801:
2726:
2685:
2675:
2605:
2595:
2507:
2490:
2137:
1401:
1370:
458:
294:
201:
The AT-number system was updated and expanded in 2004 with the publication of
2368:
1963:
1916:
1342:
1325:
1231:
1221:
1124:
973:
940:
914:
903:
The Types of the Folk-Tale: A classification and bibliography. Antti Aarne's
881:
2779:
2736:
2690:
2657:
2612:
2577:
2434:
2211:
2040:
1032:] (in German). Vol. 1st. Leipzig, DE: W. Englemann. pp. 43–61.
441:, as named by researcher Veronica Muskheli of the University of Washington.
51:(2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with
2190:
2059:
1664:
1587:
2232:
2105:
1601:
Petschel, Günter (January 1971). ""Freunde in Leben und Tod" (AaTh 470)".
1306:
1069:
Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders
47:(1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist
2721:
2700:
2665:
2465:
2386:, with record of Georgian folktales classified according to the ATU index
2259:
1437:
1420:
670:
182:
revisions by Thompson followed in 1961. According to American folklorist
32:
2080:
1569:
2562:
2512:
2383:
2331:
1817:
1530:
1283:
1052:. New York, NY / London, UK: G.P. Putnam's sons. pp. 215–216.
1010:
300:
203:
The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography
1737:
1509:
Goldberg, Christine (1996). "'The Blind Girl', a misplaced folktale".
2637:
2572:
2567:
2502:
2309:"Names of the tale types according to the Enzyklopädie des Märchens"
1522:
1729:
1357:
Jason, Heda (January 1965). "Types of Jewish-oriental oral tales".
1072:. London, UK: Longmans, Green. pp. 300–311 – via Google.
2485:
1247:"Why this charming gay fairytale has been lost for 200 years"
170:("List of Fairy Tale Types"). The system was based on identifying
2353:. Folklore Fellows’ Communications. Kalevala Society Foundation.
2330:
Radulović, Nemanja; Mitrović, Marina Mladenović; Praštalo, Ivan.
2627:
2552:
2389:
1488:
The fate of magically strong heroines in central Asian folktales
1226:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 184. p. 915.
311:
2438:
2147:"Classifying tales: Remarks to indexes and systems of ordering"
1804:(1997). "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique".
1544:
Graça da Silva, Sara; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (January 2016).
997:(1997). "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique".
2146:
2016:"Inferring patterns of folktale diffusion using genomic data"
1760:
The Types of the Folktale: A classification and bibliography
1116:
The System of Tales in the Folklore Collection of Copenhagen
933:
The Types of the Folktale: A classification and bibliography
405:"they represent the keystones for the comparative method in
119:'s first folktale classification, Astrid Lunding translated
1299:
Meaning of Folklore: The analytical essays of Alan Dundes
2252:"A search tool for ATU numbers' geographic distribution"
1396:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 741-808 .
1319:
1317:
322:
in square brackets, and variants in parentheses) reads:
2399:
1792:
Tale Type- and Motif-Indexes: An annotated bibliography
1688:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
1158:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
1198:(1984). "Introduction". In Liberman, Anatoly (ed.).
2745:
2709:
2656:
2586:
2531:
2473:
2429:
Digital collection of Norwegian Eventyr and Legends
2384:
Web Platform of Comparative Folk Narrative Research
639:
Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful
1394:Linguistics and Adjacent Arts and Sciences: Part 2
1326:"The captive Khan and the clever daughter-in-law"
1119:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 2.
1066:(1866). "Appendix". In Henderson, William (ed.).
1887:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
469:model. They found four of them to belong to the
391:Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf
2350:The International Index. Vol. 1: Tales of Magic
2020:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1215:
1213:
926:
924:
893:
891:
431:The captive Khan and the clever daughter-in-law
324:
2404:Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative
989:
987:
985:
983:
2450:
1324:Berezkin, Yuri; Duvakin, Evgeny (June 2016).
1301:. University Press of Colorado. p. 103.
1041:
1039:
445:regional or national classification systems.
8:
2314:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1762:. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia .
1556:(1). London, UK: The Royal Society: 150645.
1173:
1171:
956:
954:
952:
950:
863:
861:
435:The travelling girl and her helpful siblings
2110:and subsequent reviews in the same chapter.
1691:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 786.
821:
819:
190:"The Aarne–Thompson system catalogues some
2457:
2443:
2435:
2191:"Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts"
2127:
2049:
2039:
1577:
1469:
1436:
1341:
1202:. University of Minnesota Press. p.
310:(See other examples of tale types in the
2431:by the University of Oslo (In Norwegian)
1458:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
1330:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
807:
739:, an analysis of types 851, 851A and 927
258:
52:
2415:from the collection of Hendrik Prants (
857:
773:
703:, analysis of ATU 425 and related types
1642:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics
1160:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
372:The tale type index was criticized by
16:Index used to classify folk narratives
2853:Library cataloging and classification
2423:Analysis of the Kalmykian tale corpus
1794:. New York, NY / London, UK: Garland.
697:, analyses of tale-types 301 and 650A
380:school of the 1920s for ignoring the
7:
2212:"Index – Schnellsuche Märchentyp AT"
1485:Muskheli, Veronica (27 April 2013).
1421:"A large-scale study of world myths"
1026:Griechische und Albanesische Märchen
1024:von Hahn, Johann Georg (1864).
737:Riddle-tales (ancient and medieval)
613:The Name of the Supernatural Helper
2425:", by B. B. Goryaeva (In Russian).
727:, an overview of ATU types 705–712
14:
2413:Folktales from the Setomaa region
2145:Uther, Hans-Jörg (30 June 2009).
1661:"Multilingual Folk Tale Database"
1245:Wareham, Jamie (21 August 2020).
522:The Poor Miller's Boy and the Cat
2256:Digital folklore indices project
1783:. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
1718:The Journal of American Folklore
1220:Uther, Hans-Jörg (6 July 2009).
1145:. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
870:Folklore Fellows' Communications
713:The Spinning-Woman by the Spring
461:S. Graça da Silva and
304:(renamed in Uther's revision as
288:(renamed in Uther's revision as
2164:Catalogue of Galician Folktales
2769:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1868:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1829:Motif-Index of Folk Literature
1234:– via folklorefellow.fi.
1200:Theory and History of Folklore
756:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
479:The Boy Steals Ogre's Treasure
320:Motif-Index of Folk Literature
57:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1:
1845:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1006954
1049:European Folk and Fairy Tales
1030:Greek and Albanian Folk Tales
166:, first published in 1910 as
2332:"Index of Serbian Folktales"
2162:Campos, Camiño Noia (2021).
1806:Journal of Folklore Research
1471:10.7592/FEJF2019.75.berezkin
1272:Journal of Folklore Research
999:Journal of Folklore Research
905:Verzeichnis der Märchentypen
314:at the end of this article.)
168:Verzeichnis der Märchentypen
1790:Azzolina, David S. (1987).
1156:Haase, Donald, ed. (2008).
721:, analysis of types 505–508
709:, analysis of tale-type 432
309:
2871:
2763:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2758:Morphology (folkloristics)
1615:10.1515/fabl.1971.12.1.111
1550:Royal Society Open Science
1311:DOI accessed 26 Aug. 2023.
1182:Morphology of the Folktale
750:Morphology (folkloristics)
733:, analysis of type ATU 707
353:(I,6) in the 17th century.
278:The Quest for a Lost Bride
156:historic-geographic method
21:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2394:Irish Folklore Commission
2377:International collections
2347:Uther, Hans-Jörg (2011).
2138:10.7592/FEJF2004.27.kawan
1402:10.1515/9783110821659-004
1371:10.1515/fabl.1965.7.1.115
907:, translated and enlarged
839:this punishment. Grimms'
825:The KHM indices refer to
731:The Three Golden Children
607:Friends in Life and Death
290:Cinderella and Peau d'Âne
2334:(in Serbian and English)
2196:University of Pittsburgh
1343:10.7592/FEJF2016.64.khan
1113:Lunding, Astrid (1910).
1100:The Handbook of Folklore
719:Grateful dead (folklore)
473:stratum of magic tales.
177:The American folklorist
2828:Aarne-Thompson Grouping
2231:Kinnes, Tormod (2009).
2189:Ashliman, D. L. (ed.).
2041:10.1073/pnas.1614395114
1779:Ashliman, D.L. (1987).
1609:(Jahresband): 111–167.
1452:Berezkin, Yuri (2019).
1365:(Jahresband): 115–224.
1046:Jacobs, Joseph (1916).
495:The Smith and the Devil
2833:Classification systems
2272:University of Missouri
1685:Haase, Donald (2007).
1636:Kaasik, Mairi (2013).
715:, overview of type 480
647:The Dance Among Thorns
483:Jack and the Beanstalk
355:
349:Documented by Basile,
292:), has subtypes 510A,
154:. Aarne developed the
115:Before the edition of
2408:Texas Tech University
2237:AT Types of Folktales
2106:10.1515/FABL.2006.016
1307:10.2307/j.ctt4cgrzn.9
931:Thompson, S. (1961).
439:Woman's magical horse
312:online resource links
242:, Thompson defines a
205:by German folklorist
164:classifying folktales
110:Handbook of Folk-Lore
85:, published in 1864.
75:Johann Georg von Hahn
2390:Aarne-Thompson index
1438:10.3176/tr.2018.4.06
1184:. p. 5 ff.
842:The Jew Among Thorns
762:Roud Folk Song Index
701:Animal as Bridegroom
600:Beauty and the Beast
537:The Grateful Animals
449:Use in folkloristics
2287:"Volksverhalenbank"
2090:The Genre of Trolls
2032:2017PNAS..114.9140B
1897:– via Google.
1701:– via Google.
1570:10.1098/rsos.150645
1562:2016RSOS....350645D
827:Grimms' Fairy Tales
471:Proto-Indo-European
457:study published by
90:Sabine Baring-Gould
2843:Literary criticism
2823:1910 introductions
2623:Luminous gemstones
2518:Personal narrative
2292:Meertens Institute
1968:In three volumes:
1921:In three volumes:
545:, KHM 17 and
512:The Three Feathers
286:Persecuted Heroine
83:Albanian folktales
2810:
2809:
2400:Online Repository
2396:online collection
2360:978-951-41-1054-2
2262:on 18 April 2008.
2173:978-952-9534-01-2
2151:Narodna Umjetnost
2026:(34): 9140–9145.
1996:978-951-41-1067-2
1985:978-951-41-1055-9
1974:978-951-41-1054-2
1698:978-0-313-04947-7
1659:Maarten Janssen.
1088:"Appendix C"
627:The Grateful Dead
378:Russian Formalist
361:Critical response
274:The Cat as Helper
146:was a student of
2860:
2838:Folklore studies
2753:Folklore studies
2468:genres and types
2459:
2452:
2445:
2436:
2372:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2263:
2258:. Archived from
2247:
2245:
2243:
2233:"The ATU System"
2227:
2225:
2223:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2177:
2158:
2141:
2131:
2109:
2100:(1–2): 133–188.
2084:
2069:Western Folklore
2063:
2053:
2043:
1967:
1920:
1898:
1872:
1856:
1821:
1795:
1784:
1773:
1742:
1741:
1724:(421): 259–284.
1709:
1703:
1702:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1663:. Archived from
1656:
1650:
1649:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1511:Western Folklore
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1064:Baring-Gould, S.
1060:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1015:
1014:
991:
978:
977:
958:
945:
944:
928:
919:
918:
895:
886:
885:
876:. Helsinki, FI.
865:
846:
836:
830:
823:
814:
811:
799:
793:
790:
784:
778:
725:Calumniated Wife
677:Emelian the Fool
634:The Clever Horse
577:Rescue by Sister
530:
518:
507:The Animal Bride
433:(and variants);
428:
315:
262:
196:
194:
133:Emmanuel Cosquin
94:"story radicals"
73:Austrian consul
37:folklore studies
2870:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2741:
2705:
2681:Folk instrument
2652:
2633:Old wives' tale
2618:Legend tripping
2582:
2527:
2469:
2463:
2419:) (In Estonian)
2361:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2144:
2129:10.1.1.694.4230
2113:
2087:
2066:
2012:
2008:
2006:Further reading
2003:
1950:
1903:
1895:
1877:
1861:
1826:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1523:10.2307/1500481
1508:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1023:
1022:
1018:
993:
992:
981:
960:
959:
948:
930:
929:
922:
897:
896:
889:
867:
866:
859:
855:
850:
849:
837:
833:
824:
817:
808:Thompson (1977)
805:
800:
796:
791:
787:
779:
775:
770:
746:
691:Bear's Son Tale
687:
661:, KHM 166)
642:, KHM 126)
618:Rumpelstiltskin
594:(= KHM 44)
591:Godfather Death
542:The White Snake
524:
516:
451:
422:
363:
269:
259:Thompson (1977)
256:
236:
228:
219:southern Europe
192:
191:
158:of comparative
141:
125:Danish folktale
121:Svend Grundtvig
71:
66:
53:Thompson (1932)
49:Hans-Jörg Uther
17:
12:
11:
5:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2696:Folk wrestling
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2541:Folk etymology
2537:
2535:
2533:Oral tradition
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2410:
2397:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2359:
2344:
2327:
2305:
2283:
2264:
2248:
2228:
2208:
2184:
2183:External links
2181:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2159:
2142:
2111:
2085:
2064:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1947:
1946:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1874:
1873:
1858:
1857:
1823:
1822:
1812:(3): 195–202.
1797:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1730:10.2307/541421
1714:"The Lazy Boy"
1704:
1697:
1677:
1651:
1628:
1593:
1536:
1517:(3): 187–212.
1501:
1496:REECAS NW 2013
1477:
1444:
1411:
1384:
1349:
1313:
1289:
1278:(2): 155–164.
1262:
1237:
1209:
1187:
1167:
1148:
1139:Ashliman, D.L.
1130:
1105:
1075:
1055:
1035:
1016:
1005:(3): 195–202.
979:
946:
920:
887:
856:
854:
851:
848:
847:
831:
815:
813:
812:
806:type 314)". —
794:
785:
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
759:
752:
745:
742:
741:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
707:The Bird Lover
704:
698:
695:Jean de l'Ours
686:
683:
682:
681:
662:
649:
643:
630:
622:
621:, KHM 55)
609:
603:
595:
586:
585:, KHM 46)
582:Fitcher's Bird
553:
552:
533:
503:
490:
463:anthropologist
450:
447:
411:
410:
383:
362:
359:
268:
265:
264:
263:
261:, p. 415
235:
231:Definition of
229:
227:
224:
211:oral tradition
199:
198:
179:Stith Thompson
140:
137:
129:Brothers Grimm
98:J. Jacobs
70:
67:
65:
62:
45:Stith Thompson
35:types used in
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2866:
2865:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Silver bullet
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:Folk religion
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Nursery rhyme
2556:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2333:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:951-41-0963-5
1940:
1936:
1935:951-41-0961-9
1932:
1928:
1927:951-41-0955-4
1924:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1894:0-520-03537-2
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:951-41-0132-4
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1667:on 2019-03-16
1666:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1431:(4): A1–A44.
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
988:
986:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
957:
955:
953:
951:
947:
942:
938:
934:
927:
925:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
872:(in German).
871:
864:
862:
858:
852:
844:
843:
835:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
810:, p. 61
809:
803:
802:
798:
795:
789:
786:
782:
777:
774:
767:
763:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
747:
743:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
679:
678:
673:
672:
667:
663:
660:
659:
654:
650:
648:
644:
641:
640:
635:
631:
629:
628:
623:
620:
619:
614:
610:
608:
604:
602:
601:
596:
593:
592:
587:
584:
583:
578:
574:
573:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
549:
548:The Queen Bee
544:
543:
538:
534:
531:
528:
523:
514:
513:
508:
504:
501:
497:
496:
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
448:
446:
442:
440:
436:
432:
426:
421:
420:Yuri Berezkin
415:
408:
407:folkloristics
404:
403:
402:
400:
394:
392:
387:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
360:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
342:
341:Combinations:
338:
334:
332:
330:
323:
321:
316:
313:
307:
303:
302:
297:
296:
291:
287:
283:
280:(400) or the
279:
275:
266:
260:
253:
249:
248:
247:
245:
241:
234:
230:
226:The ATU Index
225:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
189:
188:
187:
185:
184:D.L. Ashliman
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:folkloristics
157:
153:
149:
145:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:. Folklorist
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
68:
63:
61:
59:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2848:Italo-Celtic
2775:Storytelling
2767:
2762:
2717:Cunning folk
2648:Weather lore
2523:Urban legend
2376:
2375:
2349:
2336:. Retrieved
2319:. Retrieved
2312:
2297:. Retrieved
2290:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:
2260:the original
2255:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:
2220:. Retrieved
2216:Amalia Books
2215:
2200:. Retrieved
2194:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2119:
2115:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2075:(1): 19–34.
2072:
2068:
2023:
2019:
1955:
1952:Uther, H.-J.
1908:
1905:Uther, H.-J.
1884:The Folktale
1883:
1879:Thompson, S.
1867:
1863:Thompson, S.
1839:(1): 37–52.
1836:
1832:
1828:
1809:
1805:
1791:
1780:
1759:
1748:Bibliography
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1687:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1654:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1487:
1480:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1405:
1393:
1387:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1333:
1329:
1298:
1292:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1240:
1222:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1115:
1108:
1099:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1002:
998:
965:
962:Uther, H.-J.
932:
906:
902:
899:Thompson, S.
873:
869:
840:
834:
797:
788:
776:
754:
675:
669:
666:The Lazy Boy
665:
656:
652:
646:
637:
633:
625:
616:
612:
606:
598:
589:
580:
576:
557:Balto-Slavic
554:
546:
540:
536:
520:
510:
506:
493:
478:
467:phylogenetic
455:quantitative
452:
443:
438:
434:
430:
416:
412:
398:
395:
371:
364:
356:
350:
346:
345:
340:
339:
335:
328:
326:
325:
319:
317:
305:
299:
298:, and 510B,
293:
289:
285:
282:Animal Bride
281:
277:
273:
270:
251:
246:as follows:
243:
240:The Folktale
239:
237:
232:
202:
200:
176:
167:
152:Kaarle Krohn
150:and his son
148:Julius Krohn
142:
114:
109:
93:
87:
72:
69:Predecessors
55:
24:
20:
18:
2732:Folk healer
2588:Folk belief
2481:Animal tale
2317:(in German)
2218:(in German)
2157:(1): 15–32.
1648:(2): 33–47.
1407:continents.
1096:Gomme, G.L.
1092:Burne, C.S.
658:Strong Hans
653:Strong John
525: [
423: [
367:Alan Dundes
351:Pentamerone
306:Peau d'Asne
257:of many. —
207:H.-J. Uther
144:Antti Aarne
117:Antti Aarne
41:Antti Aarne
2817:Categories
2802:Vernacular
2727:Folk devil
2686:Folk music
2676:Folk dance
2606:Folk saint
2596:Birthstone
2508:Tall tales
2491:Fairy tale
2295:(in Dutch)
1937:(vol. 2),
1929:(vol. 1),
1802:Dundes, A.
1671:2020-01-12
1256:2020-08-22
1196:Dundes, A.
1084:Jacobs, J.
853:References
532:, KHM 106)
502: 81a)
459:folklorist
329:Cinderella
295:Cinderella
64:Background
2785:Knowledge
2780:Tradition
2737:Folk hero
2691:Folk play
2671:Folk epic
2658:Folk arts
2628:Mythology
2613:Ghostlore
2578:Word game
2474:Narrative
2369:0014-5815
2338:26 August
2321:26 August
2299:26 August
2277:26 August
2222:26 August
2202:26 August
2124:CiteSeerX
2122:: 29–48.
1999:(vol. 3.)
1964:0014-5815
1945:(vol. 3.)
1917:0014-5815
1853:162278853
1756:Aarne, A.
1623:161210849
1464:: 71–90.
1379:162323205
1336:: 33–56.
1232:0014-5815
1179:Propp, V.
1125:0014-5815
995:Dundes, A
974:0014-5815
941:0014-5815
915:0014-5815
882:0014-5815
651:ATU 650A
597:ATU 425C
551:, KHM 62)
382:functions
244:tale type
233:tale type
88:Reverend
29:catalogue
25:ATU Index
2790:Medicine
2746:See also
2722:Fakelore
2701:Foodways
2666:Folk art
2466:Folklore
2242:June 14,
2116:Folklore
2081:25735282
2060:28784786
1988:(vol. 2)
1977:(vol. 1)
1954:(2011).
1907:(2004).
1881:(1977).
1865:(1932).
1833:Folklore
1758:(1961).
1588:26909191
1141:(1987).
1098:(eds.).
1086:(1914).
964:(2004).
901:(1928).
744:See also
671:Peruonto
664:ATU 675
645:ATU 592
632:ATU 531
624:ATU 505
611:ATU 500
605:ATU 470
588:ATU 332
575:ATU 311
561:Germanic
535:ATU 554
505:ATU 402
492:ATU 330
487:Thirteen
477:ATU 328
374:V. Propp
347:Remarks:
33:folktale
2710:Society
2563:Proverb
2513:Parable
2402:of the
2392:to the
2051:5576778
2028:Bibcode
1818:3814885
1579:4736946
1558:Bibcode
1531:1500481
1284:3814371
1011:3814885
384:of the
376:of the
301:Catskin
215:eastern
139:History
131:'s and
27:) is a
2638:Ritual
2573:Saying
2568:Riddle
2503:Legend
2367:
2357:
2170:
2126:
2094:Fabula
2079:
2058:
2048:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1962:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1915:
1891:
1851:
1816:
1766:
1738:541421
1736:
1695:
1621:
1603:Fabula
1586:
1576:
1529:
1425:Trames
1377:
1359:Fabula
1282:
1251:Forbes
1230:
1123:
1009:
972:
939:
913:
880:
781:Dundes
569:Celtic
565:Italic
517:KHM 63
437:; and
386:motifs
267:System
172:motifs
104:&
2795:Story
2546:False
2486:Fable
2077:JSTOR
1849:S2CID
1814:JSTOR
1734:JSTOR
1619:S2CID
1527:JSTOR
1492:(PDF)
1375:S2CID
1280:JSTOR
1090:. In
1028:[
1007:JSTOR
768:Notes
529:]
427:]
327:510A
195:basic
193:2 500
106:Gomme
102:Burne
79:Greek
2553:Joke
2496:list
2365:ISSN
2355:ISBN
2340:2024
2323:2024
2301:2024
2279:2024
2244:2010
2224:2024
2204:2024
2168:ISBN
2056:PMID
1992:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1960:ISSN
1939:ISBN
1931:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1913:ISSN
1889:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1584:PMID
1228:ISSN
1121:ISSN
970:ISSN
937:ISSN
911:ISSN
878:ISSN
693:and
685:List
674:and
567:and
519:and
485:and
252:type
217:and
135:'s.
81:and
19:The
2406:at
2134:doi
2102:doi
2092:".
2046:PMC
2036:doi
2024:114
1841:doi
1837:126
1831:".
1726:doi
1722:106
1716:".
1611:doi
1574:PMC
1566:doi
1519:doi
1466:doi
1433:doi
1398:doi
1367:doi
1338:doi
1303:doi
1162:xxi
668:(=
655:(=
636:(=
615:(=
579:(=
571:):
539:(=
509:(=
500:KHM
481:(=
429:'s
308:).
255:or
238:In
108:'s
31:of
2819::
2417:et
2379::
2363:.
2311:.
2289:.
2270:.
2254:.
2235:.
2214:.
2193:.
2155:46
2153:.
2149:.
2132:.
2120:27
2118:.
2098:47
2096:.
2073:69
2071:.
2054:.
2044:.
2034:.
2022:.
2018:.
1990:,
1979:,
1847:.
1835:.
1810:34
1808:.
1732:.
1720:.
1644:.
1640:.
1617:.
1607:12
1605:.
1582:.
1572:.
1564:.
1552:.
1548:.
1525:.
1515:55
1513:.
1462:75
1460:.
1456:.
1429:22
1427:.
1423:.
1404:.
1373:.
1361:.
1334:64
1332:.
1328:.
1316:^
1276:32
1274:.
1249:.
1212:^
1204:ix
1170:^
1094:;
1038:^
1003:34
1001:.
982:^
949:^
923:^
890:^
860:^
818:^
563:,
559:,
527:de
515:,
453:A
425:ru
250:A
186:,
112:.
60:.
2458:e
2451:t
2444:v
2371:.
2342:.
2325:.
2303:.
2281:.
2246:.
2226:.
2206:.
2176:.
2140:.
2136::
2108:.
2104::
2083:.
2062:.
2038::
2030::
1966:.
1919:.
1871:.
1855:.
1843::
1820:.
1772:.
1740:.
1728::
1674:.
1646:7
1625:.
1613::
1590:.
1568::
1560::
1554:3
1533:.
1521::
1498:.
1474:.
1468::
1441:.
1435::
1400::
1381:.
1369::
1363:7
1346:.
1340::
1309:.
1305::
1286:.
1259:.
1206:.
1164:.
1127:.
1013:.
976:.
943:.
917:.
884:.
874:3
829:.
680:)
498:(
489:)
331:.
23:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.