344:(Cenerentola, Cendrillon, Aschenputtel.) A young woman is mistreated by her stepmother and stepsisters and has to live in the ashes as a servant. When the sisters and the stepmother go to a ball (church), they give Cinderella an impossible task (e.g. sorting peas from ashes), which she accomplishes with the help of birds . She obtains beautiful clothing from a supernatural being or a tree that grows on the grave of her deceased mother and goes unknown to the ball. A prince falls in love with her , but she has to leave the ball early . The same thing happens on the next evening, but on the third evening, she loses one of her shoes .
856:(KHM 110) is an example of this type of tale. An American version of this tale, told to folklorist Marie Campbell in 1958 in Kentucky, included this apology from the informant: "Seems like all the tales about Jews gives the Jews a bad name — greedy, grabbing for cash money, cheating their work hands out of their wages—I don't know what all. I never did know a Jew, never even met up with one."
849:
The original version of the "Dance Among the Thorns" tale-type comes from 15th century Europe, and features a monk who was forced to dance in a thorn bush, by a boy with a magic flute or fiddle. It reflected the anticlerical sentiment of many folk tales at the time, and implies that the monk deserves
282:
The Aarne–Thompson Tale Type Index divides tales into sections with an AT number for each entry. The names given are typical, but usage varies; the same tale type number may be referred to by its central motif or by one of the variant folktales of that type, which can also vary, especially when used
399:
by which they are classified. Furthermore, Propp contended that using a "macro-level" analysis means that the stories that share motifs might not be classified together, while stories with wide divergences may be grouped under one tale type because the index must select some features as salient. He
265:
is a traditional tale that has an independent existence. It may be told as a complete narrative and does not depend for its meaning on any other tale. It may indeed happen to be told with another tale, but the fact that it may be told alone attests its independence. It may consist of only one motif
347:
The prince will marry only the woman whom the shoe fits . The stepsisters cut pieces off their feet in order to make them fit into the shoe , but a bird calls attention to this deceit. Cinderella, who had first been hidden from the prince, tries on the shoe and it fits her. The prince marries her.
455:
In regards to the typological classification, some folklorists and tale comparativists have acknowledged singular tale types that, due to their own characteristics, would merit their own type. Although such tales often have not been listed in the international folktale system, they can exist in
407:
In describing the motivation for his work, Uther presents several criticisms of the original index. He points out that
Thompson's focus on oral tradition sometimes neglects older versions of stories, even when written records exist, that the distribution of stories is uneven (with Eastern and
192:
revised Aarne's classification system in 1928, enlarging its scope, while also translating it from German into
English. In doing so, he created the "AT number system" (also referred to as "AaTh system") which remained in use through the second half of the century. Another edition with further
424:
Author Pete Jordi Wood claims that topics related to homosexuality have been excluded intentionally from the type index. Similarly, folklorist Joseph P. Goodwin states that
Thompson omitted "much of the extensive body of sexual and 'obscene' material", and that – as of 1995 – "topics like
815:"Confined, so far as now appears, to a very limited section of eastern Europe is the story of the hero called "I don't know". It is hard to tell whether this should be considered as a distinct tale type (type 532), or merely as a variety of the Goldener story (tale
404:" as an animal tale, just because of the wolf – it did raise questions because animal tales often contained fantastic elements, and tales of the fantastic often contained animals; indeed a tale could shift categories if a peasant deceived a bear rather than a devil.
428:
The ATU folktype index has been criticized for its apparent geographic concentration on Europe and North Africa, or over-representation of
Eurasia and North America. The catalogue appears to ignore or under-represent other regions. Central Asian examples include:
1417:
Negative or skeptical views of the possibility of classifying folklore material on a typological basis find support in the fact that the classification systems successfully applied to
European folklore material have not proved valid for material from other
2024:
Bortolini, Eugenio; Pagani, Luca; Crema, Enrico R.; Sarno, Stefania; Barbieri, Chiara; Boattini, Alessio; Sazzini, Marco; da Silva, Sara Graça; Martini, Gessica; Metspalu, Mait; Pettener, Davide; Luiselli, Donata; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (22 August 2017).
425:
homosexuality are still largely excluded from the type and motif indexes." In an essay, Alan Dundes also criticized
Thompson's handling of the folkloric subject material, which he considered to be "excessive prudery" and a form of censorship.
408:
Southern
European as well as many other regions' folktale types being under-represented), and that some included folktale types have dubious importance. Similarly, Thompson had noted that the tale type index might well be called
232:
as well as "smaller narrative forms" in this expanded listing. He also put the emphasis of the collection more explicitly on international folktales, removing examples whose attestation was limited to one ethnic group.
803:"Stith Thompson himself indicated that the AT-Index works only for the Hindu-European ('from Ireland to India') cultural area. He assumed that the folklore of other areas would not be well integrated in the AT system."
435:
287:(545B) also includes tales where a fox helps the hero. Closely related folktales are often grouped within a type. For example, tale types 400–424 all feature brides or wives as the primary protagonist, for instance
1505:. The Nineteenth Annual Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies Northwest Conference – From symbolism to security politics, literature, and imagery in Russia, eastern Europe, and central Asia.
794:
similarly, points out that "Aarne's mistake was not classifying tales on the basis of narrative plot rather than " because "the same tale can be told with either animal or human characters" (197).
224:" often obscured "older, written versions of the tale types". To remedy these shortcomings Uther developed the Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) classification system and included more tales from
566:
Ten more magic tales were found to be current throughout the
Western branch of the Indo-European languages, comprising the main European language families derived from PIE (i.e.
649:
220:. Uther noted that many of the earlier descriptions were cursory and often imprecise, that many "irregular types" are in fact old and widespread, and that "emphasis on
401:
2324:
1257:
50:. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist
2863:
2414:
2319:
354:
This type is usually combined with episodes of one or more other types, esp. 327A, 403, 480, 510B, and also 408, 409, 431, 450, 511, 511A, 707, and 923.
537:
380:
explains that the Aarne–Thompson indexes are some of the "most valuable tools in the professional folklorist's arsenal of aids for analysis".
2369:
2182:
2006:
1995:
1984:
1707:
741:
400:
also observed that although the distinction between animal tales and tales of the fantastic was basically correct – no one would classify "
368:
The entry concludes, like others in the catalogue, with a long list of references to secondary literature on the tale, and variants of it.
747:
2467:
1838:
Karsdorp, Folgert; van der Meulen, Marten; Meder, Theo; van den Bosch, Antal (2 January 2015). "MOMFER: A search engine of
Thompson's
1497:
2125:
Kawan, Christine
Shojaei (2004). "Reflections on International Narrative Research on the Example of The Tale of the Three Oranges".
1953:
1945:
1937:
1903:
1778:
1078:
2838:
723:
2297:
2843:
2423:
1723:
Bottigheimer, Ruth B. (1993). "Luckless, witless, and filthy-footed: A sociocultural study and publishing history analysis of
977:
The types of international folktales: A classification and bibliography, based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
2779:
1967:
The Types of International Folktales: A classification and bibliography based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
1920:
The Types of International Folktales: A classification and bibliography based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson
1877:
766:
67:
532:
185:
and the repeated narrative ideas that can be seen as the building-blocks of traditional narrative; its scope was European.
476:
J.J. Tehrani in 2016, tried to evaluate the time of emergence for the "Tales of Magic" (ATU 300–ATU 749), based on a
1969:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 284–286 (2nd printing ed.). Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
295:(402). Subtypes within a tale type are designated by the addition of a letter to the AT number, for instance: tale 510,
2853:
2833:
1671:
412:. However, Dundes notes that in spite of the flaws of tale type indexes (e.g., typos, redundancies, censorship, etc.;
2262:
283:
in different countries and cultures. The name does not have to be strictly literal for every folktale. For example,
2768:
760:
174:
166:
2848:
2404:
138:
compilations in comparison to international collections available at the time by other folklorists, such as the
2681:
2206:
729:
637:
420:, a method which despite postmodern naysayers ... continues to be the hallmark of international folkloristics".
2433:
979:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 7. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. pp. 284–286.
687:
505:
497:
208:
plots from which, for countless generations, European and Near Eastern storytellers have built their tales".
1281:
Goodwin, Joseph P. (1995). "If ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise: What we don't know can hurt us".
1098:
2460:
2134:
1125:
1102:
837:
510:
493:
112:
2858:
2795:
2418:
1106:
465:
396:
182:
85:
1058:
2800:
2038:
1568:
852:
772:
711:
610:
2139:
2506:
1113:. London, UK: Folk-lore Society / Sidgwich & Jackson. pp. 344–355 – via archive.org.
1074:
481:
430:
100:
329:
As an example, the entry for 510A in the ATU index (with cross-references to motifs in Thompson's
134:'s system of folktale classification. This catalogue consisted of 134 types, mostly based on
103:, in 1866, translated von Hahn's list and extended it to 52 tale types, which he called
2633:
2528:
2302:
2087:
1859:
1824:
1744:
1629:
1537:
1385:
1290:
1017:
812:
On the other hand, some independent tale types have been called into question, even by Thompson:
571:
522:
2643:
1962:
1922:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 284–286. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
1915:
972:
701:
217:
59:
1792:
A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne–Thompson Classification System
1308:
Bronner, Simon J., ed. (2007). "From Etic to Emic units in the structural study of folktales".
1154:
A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne–Thompson classification system
2805:
2453:
2375:
2365:
2178:
2078:
Goldberg, Christine (2010). "Strength in Numbers: The Uses of Comparative Folktale Research".
2066:
2002:
1991:
1980:
1970:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1923:
1899:
1774:
1703:
1697:
1594:
1238:
1131:
980:
947:
921:
888:
705:
592:
388:
93:
17:
2763:
2144:
2112:
2056:
2046:
1851:
1736:
1621:
1584:
1576:
1529:
1476:
1443:
1408:
1377:
1348:
1313:
946:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 184. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
735:
579:
575:
143:
54:(1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist
47:
920:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 74. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.
2691:
2628:
2556:
1465:"The travelling girl and her helpful siblings: An unnoticed boreal tale and the ATU index"
628:
601:
552:
229:
173:, and developed the initial version of what became the Aarne–Thompson tale type index for
135:
131:
88:
devised a preliminary analysis of some 40 tale "formulae" as introduction to his book of
2042:
1572:
1557:"Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales"
879:
Aarne, Antti (1910). "Verzeichnis der Märchentypen" [List of Fairy Tale Types].
410:
The Types of the Folk-Tales of Europe, West Asia, and the Lands Settled by these Peoples
376:
In his essay "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique", American folklorist
2706:
2551:
2543:
2061:
2026:
1889:
1873:
1589:
1556:
1189:
1149:
909:
717:
473:
384:
225:
221:
194:
189:
139:
116:
89:
55:
1403:
Horálek, K. (1974). "Folk Poetry: History And Typology". In Arthur S. Abramson (ed.).
2827:
2653:
2611:
2568:
2427:
1863:
1633:
1389:
1094:
558:
417:
170:
108:
2359:
2278:
2009:
1998:
1987:
1648:
2785:
2727:
2658:
2533:
2439:
1430:
Thuillard, Marc; le Quellec, Jean-Loïc; d'Huy, Julien; Berezkin, Yuri (2018).
567:
477:
162:
158:
2177:. Folklore Fellows Communications. Vol. 322. Helsinki: The Kalevala Society.
2099:
Conrad, JoAnn (March 2006). "Besprechungen (Review of) Asplund Ingemark, Camilla:
1855:
1649:"A Mortal Visits the Other World – the Relativity of Time in Estonian Fairy Tales"
1893:
1481:
1464:
111:
expanded the list to 70 tale types and published it as "Appendix C" in
2742:
2598:
2491:
1812:
1766:
1206:
1005:
791:
668:
377:
154:
127:
51:
39:
2279:"Folktale and Folk Motif Index, a list of folktales according to the ATU Index"
1625:
1234:
Classifying folktales: The third revision of the Aarne–Thompson tale type index
2812:
2737:
2696:
2686:
2616:
2606:
2518:
2501:
2148:
1412:
1381:
469:
305:
212:
The AT-number system was updated and expanded in 2004 with the publication of
2379:
1974:
1927:
1353:
1336:
1242:
1232:
1135:
984:
951:
925:
914:
The Types of the Folk-Tale: A classification and bibliography. Antti Aarne's
892:
2790:
2747:
2701:
2668:
2623:
2588:
2445:
2222:
2051:
1043:] (in German). Vol. 1st. Leipzig, DE: W. Englemann. pp. 43–61.
452:, as named by researcher Veronica Muskheli of the University of Washington.
62:(2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with
2201:
2070:
1675:
1598:
2243:
2116:
1612:
Petschel, Günter (January 1971). ""Freunde in Leben und Tod" (AaTh 470)".
1317:
1080:
Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders
58:(1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist
2732:
2711:
2676:
2476:
2397:, with record of Georgian folktales classified according to the ATU index
2270:
1448:
1431:
681:
193:
revisions by Thompson followed in 1961. According to American folklorist
43:
2091:
1580:
2573:
2523:
2394:
2342:
1828:
1541:
1294:
1063:. New York, NY / London, UK: G.P. Putnam's sons. pp. 215–216.
1021:
311:
214:
The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography
1748:
1520:
Goldberg, Christine (1996). "'The Blind Girl', a misplaced folktale".
2648:
2583:
2578:
2513:
2320:"Names of the tale types according to the Enzyklopädie des Märchens"
1533:
1740:
1368:
Jason, Heda (January 1965). "Types of Jewish-oriental oral tales".
1083:. London, UK: Longmans, Green. pp. 300–311 – via Google.
2496:
1258:"Why this charming gay fairytale has been lost for 200 years"
181:("List of Fairy Tale Types"). The system was based on identifying
2364:. Folklore Fellows’ Communications. Kalevala Society Foundation.
2341:
Radulović, Nemanja; Mitrović, Marina Mladenović; Praštalo, Ivan.
2638:
2563:
2400:
1499:
The fate of magically strong heroines in central Asian folktales
1237:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 184. p. 915.
322:
2449:
2158:"Classifying tales: Remarks to indexes and systems of ordering"
1815:(1997). "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique".
1555:
Graça da Silva, Sara; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (January 2016).
1008:(1997). "The motif-index and the tale type index: A critique".
2157:
2027:"Inferring patterns of folktale diffusion using genomic data"
1771:
The Types of the Folktale: A classification and bibliography
1127:
The System of Tales in the Folklore Collection of Copenhagen
944:
The Types of the Folktale: A classification and bibliography
416:"they represent the keystones for the comparative method in
130:'s first folktale classification, Astrid Lunding translated
1310:
Meaning of Folklore: The analytical essays of Alan Dundes
2263:"A search tool for ATU numbers' geographic distribution"
1407:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 741-808 .
1330:
1328:
333:
in square brackets, and variants in parentheses) reads:
2410:
1803:
Tale Type- and Motif-Indexes: An annotated bibliography
1699:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
1169:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
1209:(1984). "Introduction". In Liberman, Anatoly (ed.).
2756:
2720:
2667:
2597:
2542:
2484:
2440:
Digital collection of Norwegian Eventyr and Legends
2395:
Web Platform of Comparative Folk Narrative Research
650:
Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful
1405:Linguistics and Adjacent Arts and Sciences: Part 2
1337:"The captive Khan and the clever daughter-in-law"
1130:. Folklore Fellows' Communications. Vol. 2.
1077:(1866). "Appendix". In Henderson, William (ed.).
1898:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
480:model. They found four of them to belong to the
402:Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf
2361:The International Index. Vol. 1: Tales of Magic
2031:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1226:
1224:
937:
935:
904:
902:
442:The captive Khan and the clever daughter-in-law
335:
2415:Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative
1000:
998:
996:
994:
2461:
1335:Berezkin, Yuri; Duvakin, Evgeny (June 2016).
1312:. University Press of Colorado. p. 103.
1052:
1050:
456:regional or national classification systems.
8:
2325:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1773:. Helsinki, FI: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia .
1567:(1). London, UK: The Royal Society: 150645.
1184:
1182:
967:
965:
963:
961:
874:
872:
446:The travelling girl and her helpful siblings
2121:and subsequent reviews in the same chapter.
1702:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 786.
832:
830:
201:"The Aarne–Thompson system catalogues some
2468:
2454:
2446:
2202:"Folklore and Mythology Electronic Texts"
2138:
2060:
2050:
1588:
1480:
1447:
1352:
1213:. University of Minnesota Press. p.
321:(See other examples of tale types in the
2442:by the University of Oslo (In Norwegian)
1469:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
1341:Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore
818:
750:, an analysis of types 851, 851A and 927
269:
63:
2426:from the collection of Hendrik Prants (
868:
784:
714:, analysis of ATU 425 and related types
1653:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics
1171:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
383:The tale type index was criticized by
27:Index used to classify folk narratives
2864:Library cataloging and classification
2434:Analysis of the Kalmykian tale corpus
1805:. New York, NY / London, UK: Garland.
708:, analyses of tale-types 301 and 650A
391:school of the 1920s for ignoring the
7:
2223:"Index – Schnellsuche Märchentyp AT"
1496:Muskheli, Veronica (27 April 2013).
1432:"A large-scale study of world myths"
1037:Griechische und Albanesische Märchen
1035:von Hahn, Johann Georg (1864).
748:Riddle-tales (ancient and medieval)
624:The Name of the Supernatural Helper
2436:", by B. B. Goryaeva (In Russian).
738:, an overview of ATU types 705–712
25:
2424:Folktales from the Setomaa region
2156:Uther, Hans-Jörg (30 June 2009).
1672:"Multilingual Folk Tale Database"
1256:Wareham, Jamie (21 August 2020).
533:The Poor Miller's Boy and the Cat
2267:Digital folklore indices project
1794:. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
1729:The Journal of American Folklore
1231:Uther, Hans-Jörg (6 July 2009).
1156:. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
881:Folklore Fellows' Communications
724:The Spinning-Woman by the Spring
472:S. Graça da Silva and
315:(renamed in Uther's revision as
299:(renamed in Uther's revision as
2175:Catalogue of Galician Folktales
2780:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1879:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1840:Motif-Index of Folk Literature
1245:– via folklorefellow.fi.
1211:Theory and History of Folklore
767:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
490:The Boy Steals Ogre's Treasure
331:Motif-Index of Folk Literature
68:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1:
1856:10.1080/0015587X.2015.1006954
1060:European Folk and Fairy Tales
1041:Greek and Albanian Folk Tales
177:, first published in 1910 as
18:Aarne–Thompson classification
2343:"Index of Serbian Folktales"
2173:Campos, Camiño Noia (2021).
1817:Journal of Folklore Research
1482:10.7592/FEJF2019.75.berezkin
1283:Journal of Folklore Research
1010:Journal of Folklore Research
916:Verzeichnis der Märchentypen
325:at the end of this article.)
179:Verzeichnis der Märchentypen
1801:Azzolina, David S. (1987).
1167:Haase, Donald, ed. (2008).
732:, analysis of types 505–508
720:, analysis of tale-type 432
320:
2880:
2774:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2769:Morphology (folkloristics)
1626:10.1515/fabl.1971.12.1.111
1561:Royal Society Open Science
1322:DOI accessed 26 Aug. 2023.
1193:Morphology of the Folktale
761:Morphology (folkloristics)
744:, analysis of type ATU 707
364:(I,6) in the 17th century.
289:The Quest for a Lost Bride
167:historic-geographic method
32:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2405:Irish Folklore Commission
2388:International collections
2358:Uther, Hans-Jörg (2011).
2149:10.7592/FEJF2004.27.kawan
1413:10.1515/9783110821659-004
1382:10.1515/fabl.1965.7.1.115
918:, translated and enlarged
850:this punishment. Grimms'
836:The KHM indices refer to
742:The Three Golden Children
618:Friends in Life and Death
301:Cinderella and Peau d'Âne
2345:(in Serbian and English)
2207:University of Pittsburgh
1354:10.7592/FEJF2016.64.khan
1124:Lunding, Astrid (1910).
1111:The Handbook of Folklore
730:Grateful dead (folklore)
484:stratum of magic tales.
188:The American folklorist
2839:Aarne-Thompson Grouping
2242:Kinnes, Tormod (2009).
2200:Ashliman, D. L. (ed.).
2052:10.1073/pnas.1614395114
1790:Ashliman, D.L. (1987).
1620:(Jahresband): 111–167.
1463:Berezkin, Yuri (2019).
1376:(Jahresband): 115–224.
1057:Jacobs, Joseph (1916).
506:The Smith and the Devil
2844:Classification systems
2283:University of Missouri
1696:Haase, Donald (2007).
1647:Kaasik, Mairi (2013).
726:, overview of type 480
658:The Dance Among Thorns
494:Jack and the Beanstalk
366:
360:Documented by Basile,
303:), has subtypes 510A,
165:. Aarne developed the
126:Before the edition of
2419:Texas Tech University
2248:AT Types of Folktales
2117:10.1515/FABL.2006.016
1318:10.2307/j.ctt4cgrzn.9
942:Thompson, S. (1961).
450:Woman's magical horse
323:online resource links
253:, Thompson defines a
216:by German folklorist
175:classifying folktales
121:Handbook of Folk-Lore
96:, published in 1864.
86:Johann Georg von Hahn
2401:Aarne-Thompson index
1449:10.3176/tr.2018.4.06
1195:. p. 5 ff.
853:The Jew Among Thorns
773:Roud Folk Song Index
712:Animal as Bridegroom
611:Beauty and the Beast
548:The Grateful Animals
460:Use in folkloristics
2298:"Volksverhalenbank"
2101:The Genre of Trolls
2043:2017PNAS..114.9140B
1908:– via Google.
1712:– via Google.
1581:10.1098/rsos.150645
1573:2016RSOS....350645D
838:Grimms' Fairy Tales
482:Proto-Indo-European
468:study published by
101:Sabine Baring-Gould
2854:Literary criticism
2834:1910 introductions
2634:Luminous gemstones
2529:Personal narrative
2303:Meertens Institute
1979:In three volumes:
1932:In three volumes:
556:, KHM 17 and
523:The Three Feathers
297:Persecuted Heroine
94:Albanian folktales
2821:
2820:
2411:Online Repository
2407:online collection
2371:978-951-41-1054-2
2273:on 18 April 2008.
2184:978-952-9534-01-2
2162:Narodna Umjetnost
2037:(34): 9140–9145.
2007:978-951-41-1067-2
1996:978-951-41-1055-9
1985:978-951-41-1054-2
1709:978-0-313-04947-7
1670:Maarten Janssen.
1099:"Appendix C"
638:The Grateful Dead
389:Russian Formalist
372:Critical response
285:The Cat as Helper
157:was a student of
16:(Redirected from
2871:
2849:Folklore studies
2764:Folklore studies
2479:genres and types
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2383:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2269:. Archived from
2258:
2256:
2254:
2244:"The ATU System"
2238:
2236:
2234:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2188:
2169:
2152:
2142:
2120:
2111:(1–2): 133–188.
2095:
2080:Western Folklore
2074:
2064:
2054:
1978:
1931:
1909:
1883:
1867:
1832:
1806:
1795:
1784:
1753:
1752:
1735:(421): 259–284.
1720:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1667:
1661:
1660:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1522:Western Folklore
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1075:Baring-Gould, S.
1071:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1002:
989:
988:
969:
956:
955:
939:
930:
929:
906:
897:
896:
887:. Helsinki, FI.
876:
857:
847:
841:
834:
825:
822:
810:
804:
801:
795:
789:
736:Calumniated Wife
688:Emelian the Fool
645:The Clever Horse
588:Rescue by Sister
541:
529:
518:The Animal Bride
444:(and variants);
439:
326:
273:
207:
205:
144:Emmanuel Cosquin
105:"story radicals"
84:Austrian consul
48:folklore studies
21:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2752:
2716:
2692:Folk instrument
2663:
2644:Old wives' tale
2629:Legend tripping
2593:
2538:
2480:
2474:
2430:) (In Estonian)
2372:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2172:
2155:
2140:10.1.1.694.4230
2124:
2098:
2077:
2023:
2019:
2017:Further reading
2014:
1961:
1914:
1906:
1888:
1872:
1837:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1534:10.2307/1500481
1519:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1004:
1003:
992:
971:
970:
959:
941:
940:
933:
908:
907:
900:
878:
877:
870:
866:
861:
860:
848:
844:
835:
828:
819:Thompson (1977)
816:
811:
807:
802:
798:
790:
786:
781:
757:
702:Bear's Son Tale
698:
672:, KHM 166)
653:, KHM 126)
629:Rumpelstiltskin
605:(= KHM 44)
602:Godfather Death
553:The White Snake
535:
527:
462:
433:
374:
280:
270:Thompson (1977)
267:
247:
239:
230:southern Europe
203:
202:
169:of comparative
152:
136:Danish folktale
132:Svend Grundtvig
82:
77:
64:Thompson (1932)
60:Hans-Jörg Uther
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:Folk wrestling
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2552:Folk etymology
2548:
2546:
2544:Oral tradition
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2421:
2408:
2398:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2355:
2338:
2316:
2294:
2275:
2259:
2239:
2219:
2195:
2194:External links
2192:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2170:
2153:
2122:
2096:
2075:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:
1958:
1957:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1885:
1884:
1869:
1868:
1834:
1833:
1823:(3): 195–202.
1808:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1741:10.2307/541421
1725:"The Lazy Boy"
1715:
1708:
1688:
1662:
1639:
1604:
1547:
1528:(3): 187–212.
1512:
1507:REECAS NW 2013
1488:
1455:
1422:
1395:
1360:
1324:
1300:
1289:(2): 155–164.
1273:
1248:
1220:
1198:
1178:
1159:
1150:Ashliman, D.L.
1141:
1116:
1086:
1066:
1046:
1027:
1016:(3): 195–202.
990:
957:
931:
898:
867:
865:
862:
859:
858:
842:
826:
824:
823:
817:type 314)". —
805:
796:
783:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
770:
763:
756:
753:
752:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
718:The Bird Lover
715:
709:
706:Jean de l'Ours
697:
694:
693:
692:
673:
660:
654:
641:
633:
632:, KHM 55)
620:
614:
606:
597:
596:, KHM 46)
593:Fitcher's Bird
564:
563:
544:
514:
501:
474:anthropologist
461:
458:
422:
421:
394:
373:
370:
279:
276:
275:
274:
272:, p. 415
246:
242:Definition of
240:
238:
235:
222:oral tradition
210:
209:
190:Stith Thompson
151:
148:
140:Brothers Grimm
109:J. Jacobs
81:
78:
76:
73:
56:Stith Thompson
46:types used in
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2876:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Silver bullet
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:Folk religion
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2569:Nursery rhyme
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2344:
2339:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:951-41-0963-5
1951:
1947:
1946:951-41-0961-9
1943:
1939:
1938:951-41-0955-4
1935:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1905:0-520-03537-2
1901:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1780:951-41-0132-4
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1689:
1678:on 2019-03-16
1677:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1442:(4): A1–A44.
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
968:
966:
964:
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
938:
936:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
905:
903:
899:
894:
890:
886:
883:(in German).
882:
875:
873:
869:
863:
855:
854:
846:
843:
839:
833:
831:
827:
821:, p. 61
820:
814:
813:
809:
806:
800:
797:
793:
788:
785:
778:
774:
771:
769:
768:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
674:
671:
670:
665:
661:
659:
655:
652:
651:
646:
642:
640:
639:
634:
631:
630:
625:
621:
619:
615:
613:
612:
607:
604:
603:
598:
595:
594:
589:
585:
584:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
561:
560:
559:The Queen Bee
555:
554:
549:
545:
542:
539:
534:
525:
524:
519:
515:
512:
508:
507:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
443:
437:
432:
431:Yuri Berezkin
426:
419:
418:folkloristics
415:
414:
413:
411:
405:
403:
398:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
371:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
353:
352:Combinations:
349:
345:
343:
341:
334:
332:
327:
324:
318:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
298:
294:
291:(400) or the
290:
286:
277:
271:
264:
260:
259:
258:
256:
252:
245:
241:
237:The ATU Index
236:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
200:
199:
198:
196:
195:D.L. Ashliman
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:folkloristics
168:
164:
160:
156:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:. Folklorist
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
79:
74:
72:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2859:Italo-Celtic
2786:Storytelling
2778:
2773:
2728:Cunning folk
2659:Weather lore
2534:Urban legend
2387:
2386:
2360:
2347:. Retrieved
2330:. Retrieved
2323:
2308:. Retrieved
2301:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2271:the original
2266:
2251:. Retrieved
2247:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:Amalia Books
2226:
2211:. Retrieved
2205:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2130:
2126:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2086:(1): 19–34.
2083:
2079:
2034:
2030:
1966:
1963:Uther, H.-J.
1919:
1916:Uther, H.-J.
1895:The Folktale
1894:
1890:Thompson, S.
1878:
1874:Thompson, S.
1850:(1): 37–52.
1847:
1843:
1839:
1820:
1816:
1802:
1791:
1770:
1759:Bibliography
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1698:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1665:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1498:
1491:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1344:
1340:
1309:
1303:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1233:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1126:
1119:
1110:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1013:
1009:
976:
973:Uther, H.-J.
943:
917:
913:
910:Thompson, S.
884:
880:
851:
845:
808:
799:
787:
765:
686:
680:
677:The Lazy Boy
676:
667:
663:
657:
648:
644:
636:
627:
623:
617:
609:
600:
591:
587:
568:Balto-Slavic
565:
557:
551:
547:
531:
521:
517:
504:
489:
478:phylogenetic
466:quantitative
463:
454:
449:
445:
441:
427:
423:
409:
406:
382:
375:
367:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:
346:
339:
337:
336:
330:
328:
316:
310:
309:, and 510B,
304:
300:
296:
293:Animal Bride
292:
288:
284:
281:
262:
257:as follows:
254:
251:The Folktale
250:
248:
243:
213:
211:
187:
178:
163:Kaarle Krohn
161:and his son
159:Julius Krohn
153:
125:
120:
104:
98:
83:
80:Predecessors
66:
35:
31:
29:
2743:Folk healer
2599:Folk belief
2492:Animal tale
2328:(in German)
2229:(in German)
2168:(1): 15–32.
1659:(2): 33–47.
1418:continents.
1107:Gomme, G.L.
1103:Burne, C.S.
669:Strong Hans
664:Strong John
536: [
434: [
378:Alan Dundes
362:Pentamerone
317:Peau d'Asne
268:of many. —
218:H.-J. Uther
155:Antti Aarne
128:Antti Aarne
52:Antti Aarne
2828:Categories
2813:Vernacular
2738:Folk devil
2697:Folk music
2687:Folk dance
2617:Folk saint
2607:Birthstone
2519:Tall tales
2502:Fairy tale
2306:(in Dutch)
1948:(vol. 2),
1940:(vol. 1),
1813:Dundes, A.
1682:2020-01-12
1267:2020-08-22
1207:Dundes, A.
1095:Jacobs, J.
864:References
543:, KHM 106)
513: 81a)
470:folklorist
340:Cinderella
306:Cinderella
75:Background
2796:Knowledge
2791:Tradition
2748:Folk hero
2702:Folk play
2682:Folk epic
2669:Folk arts
2639:Mythology
2624:Ghostlore
2589:Word game
2485:Narrative
2380:0014-5815
2349:26 August
2332:26 August
2310:26 August
2288:26 August
2233:26 August
2213:26 August
2135:CiteSeerX
2133:: 29–48.
2010:(vol. 3.)
1975:0014-5815
1956:(vol. 3.)
1928:0014-5815
1864:162278853
1767:Aarne, A.
1634:161210849
1475:: 71–90.
1390:162323205
1347:: 33–56.
1243:0014-5815
1190:Propp, V.
1136:0014-5815
1006:Dundes, A
985:0014-5815
952:0014-5815
926:0014-5815
893:0014-5815
662:ATU 650A
608:ATU 425C
562:, KHM 62)
393:functions
255:tale type
244:tale type
99:Reverend
40:catalogue
36:ATU Index
2801:Medicine
2757:See also
2733:Fakelore
2712:Foodways
2677:Folk art
2477:Folklore
2253:June 14,
2127:Folklore
2092:25735282
2071:28784786
1999:(vol. 2)
1988:(vol. 1)
1965:(2011).
1918:(2004).
1892:(1977).
1876:(1932).
1844:Folklore
1769:(1961).
1599:26909191
1152:(1987).
1109:(eds.).
1097:(1914).
975:(2004).
912:(1928).
755:See also
682:Peruonto
675:ATU 675
656:ATU 592
643:ATU 531
635:ATU 505
622:ATU 500
616:ATU 470
599:ATU 332
586:ATU 311
572:Germanic
546:ATU 554
516:ATU 402
503:ATU 330
498:Thirteen
488:ATU 328
385:V. Propp
358:Remarks:
44:folktale
2721:Society
2574:Proverb
2524:Parable
2413:of the
2403:to the
2062:5576778
2039:Bibcode
1829:3814885
1590:4736946
1569:Bibcode
1542:1500481
1295:3814371
1022:3814885
395:of the
387:of the
312:Catskin
226:eastern
150:History
142:'s and
38:) is a
2649:Ritual
2584:Saying
2579:Riddle
2514:Legend
2378:
2368:
2181:
2137:
2105:Fabula
2090:
2069:
2059:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1973:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1926:
1902:
1862:
1827:
1777:
1749:541421
1747:
1706:
1632:
1614:Fabula
1597:
1587:
1540:
1436:Trames
1388:
1370:Fabula
1293:
1262:Forbes
1241:
1134:
1020:
983:
950:
924:
891:
792:Dundes
580:Celtic
576:Italic
528:KHM 63
448:; and
397:motifs
278:System
183:motifs
115:&
2806:Story
2557:False
2497:Fable
2088:JSTOR
1860:S2CID
1825:JSTOR
1745:JSTOR
1630:S2CID
1538:JSTOR
1503:(PDF)
1386:S2CID
1291:JSTOR
1101:. In
1039:[
1018:JSTOR
779:Notes
540:]
438:]
338:510A
206:basic
204:2 500
117:Gomme
113:Burne
90:Greek
2564:Joke
2507:list
2376:ISSN
2366:ISBN
2351:2024
2334:2024
2312:2024
2290:2024
2255:2010
2235:2024
2215:2024
2179:ISBN
2067:PMID
2003:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1971:ISSN
1950:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1924:ISSN
1900:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1595:PMID
1239:ISSN
1132:ISSN
981:ISSN
948:ISSN
922:ISSN
889:ISSN
704:and
696:List
685:and
578:and
530:and
496:and
263:type
228:and
146:'s.
92:and
30:The
2417:at
2145:doi
2113:doi
2103:".
2057:PMC
2047:doi
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1852:doi
1848:126
1842:".
1737:doi
1733:106
1727:".
1622:doi
1585:PMC
1577:doi
1530:doi
1477:doi
1444:doi
1409:doi
1378:doi
1349:doi
1314:doi
1173:xxi
679:(=
666:(=
647:(=
626:(=
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266:or
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