266:. An application was made to register under the 1836 Building Societies Act but the registrar refused to accept the name. Accordingly, the name was changed to The National Permanent Mutual Building Society, with an authorization for it to be commonly called The National Freehold Land Society. Despite the building society registration and formal name, there was no doubt as to the National’s function. The 1852 Prospectus clearly stated that “The special objects of this Society are to facilitate the acquisition of freehold land, and the erection of houses thereon – to enable such of its members as are eligible, to obtain the county franchise”. (The name was changed in 1894 to The National Freehold Land and Building Society and finally to The National Building Society in 1930).
363:
Oak Co-operative in 1979. In 1971, the Abbey was opening a branch per week and in 1974, the peak of the private housing boom, there were 335 branches and ÂŁ3bn. assets. This growth could not have taken place without the increase in new private housebuilding and the expansion in home ownership that created the second-hand market; it also reflected more innovative marketing policies. This innovation reached its peak with the appointment of Clive
Thornton as general manager in 1979. He led a wide range of marketing initiatives, perhaps the best known being the registration of the name “Granny Bonds” to rival the National Savings product.
593:
727:
354:
removed building controls and the growth in home ownership and private housebuilding resumed. However, the
Society still had little more than a hundred branches and, with the pre-war management still in control, perhaps it was no longer as innovative. Eventually, 1963 saw the departure of the “old guard”: Chairman Harold Bellman died aged 76; Bruce Wycherley, general manager of the National from 1933 and chief executive of the merged group from 1948, resigned, as did Stanley Ramsey the “original architect” of the merger.
274:
distinct, there was a commonality of directors and staff. The objective was to make the
National “more emphatically than it has ever been yet, a Savings Bank and Building Society.” At that point, British Land accounted for two thirds of the National’s advances. The importance of British Land to the National gradually diminished although it was not until 1874 that the proportion fell to below one half; after an internal row over the ownership of the National’s head office, all the advances were repaid in 1878.
320:
Secretary of the
Society in 1921. He overhauled every aspect of the operations, introduced improvements, advertised in the national press and opened branches outside the Society’s home area. By 1929, the number of members had exceeded 100,000 and these doubled in the following two years. It was in this inter-war period that Abbey overtook the National in size: in 1918, the National had £1.2m assets against Abbey Road’s £0.8m whereas in 1939 Abbey’s assets totalled £51m against the £36m of the National.
375:. Abbey even formed its own private housebuilding company, Abbey National Homes, in 1986. It built 2-300 houses a year but during the housing recession of 1990-92 it lost over ÂŁ50m and was closed. The range of services offered brought Abbey National ever closer to a clearing bank. In 1988, Abbey introduced a full-service interest-bearing cheque account; its administration was restricted by building society rules and the need to find a partner that could clear Abbey's cheques (
581:
247:
and was outside the reach of the average worker. A scheme to obviate this capital requirement was launched in 1847 as the
Birmingham Freehold Land Society. In simple terms, the society arranged for the purchase of tracts of land and divided them into plots which individuals could purchase, the cost being met by regular subscriptions. The success of the Birmingham Society prompted a flood of other societies around the country, of which the National was one.
1821:
2933:
270:
National claimed to be taking forty per cent of the funds. Once the plots had been purchased, the
National recognized the need to provide finance for the houses that were to be built on them. In 1854 it published its first advert, inviting applications for advances “for the erection of houses on the Estates”; those advances were not to exceed two-thirds of the net value and to be repaid over ten years.
2944:
404:
669:
36:
246:
The
National Building Society had its origins in the freehold land movement, sometimes called the “forty shilling freeholders movement”. In country areas, the voting entitlement was dependent on the possession of freehold land with an annual value of £2. This required a capital outlay of some £60-70
362:
Abbey
National was now set for rapid expansion. By 1968, the branch network had reached 150 and assets exceeded ÂŁ1bn. In the next ten years the business of four other societies was acquired: the Definite Permanent in 1968, The State Building Society in 1970, Highgate Building Society in 1974 and the
302:
The Abbey was founded in 1874 by members of the Free Church in Abbey Road and of the Abbey Road Church
Benefit Society. The chosen name of the society was the Abbey Road and St John’s Wood Mutual Benefit Building Society and it was launched in 1875. Three years later the Society registered under the
652:
The
Santander Group announced in May 2009 that Abbey and the Bradford & Bingley branch network would be renamed under the Santander brand on 11 January 2010. Credit cards issued by Abbey were the first to change to Santander. The Abbey name was retained for the Abbey for Intermediaries mortgage
448:
for ÂŁ8 million in August 1993. The 347-strong chain employed 1,800 staff and was subject to a write-down of ÂŁ138 million in March 1993 following annual losses since 1989 of at c. ÂŁ20 million. Having sold off around 280 branches in 1994, the remaining 70 branches of Cornerstone (although over 200 of
366:
Thornton was more than a passive supplier of funds to house purchasers. He took an activist approach to the housebuilding industry arguing that building societies should finance building of houses and flats to rent privately. In 1980, the Abbey set aside ÂŁ250m to stimulate the private homes sector.
339:
WWII brought a cessation to new housebuilding and the building societies preoccupation was supporting mortgage owners and the consequences of bomb damage to properties. By 1943, as the prospect of victory increased, the Government led discussions on post-war reconstruction. The National’s Chairman,
273:
Because the Society was not legally allowed to hold land in its own name, in 1858 it formed a separate company British Land to take over all the land previously held in the name of the Trustees. All the capital was subscribed by the National’s own investors but although British Land was financially
269:
The Society was not allowed to purchase land in its own name, so purchases were made by the Trustees and quickly thirteen estates were purchased around London. Within four years, the National had become the largest land society in the country. There were over 100 such societies in existence and the
285:
collapsed creating widespread financial uncertainty. In the event, funds flowed into the National in excess of its ability to find borrowers and it decided to deploy surplus funds in the north of England. Losses were incurred and the National confined its operations to within 100 miles of London.
625:
In July 2007, Abbey admitted that errors that it made in the 1980s have contributed to many borrowers' mortgage terms being extended by up to 15 years. During this period – which saw considerable turbulence in interest rates – Abbey extended the terms on customers'
319:
However, even after the War, the Abbey Road “was little known outside the borough of Paddington in which it was situated” The catalyst for change was the arrival of Sir Harold Bellman, later a commanding figure in the building society sector. He joined the board of management in 1918 and became
353:
The post-war Labour government ensured that resources for housing reconstruction was almost entirely concentrated on local authority housing, while stringent controls severely limited the private sector, the building societies’ natural market. Between 1951 and 1954, the Conservative government
1580:
691:
Abbey had Banking Contact Centres in Belfast, Glasgow, Sheffield, and Bootle. Business Banking operations, both administrative and telephony, were also based in Glasgow, having been moved from Taunton and Newport early in 2005. Abbey previously operated contact centres in Derby, Liverpool and
311:
c. 42) and the name was changed to the Abbey Road and St John’s Wood Permanent Building Society. In contrast to the high-profile public figures who founded the National, the start of Abbey Road was more modest. By 1888, the address was still at the schoolroom of the Abbey Road Church and the
1768:
607:
Following shareholders' approval at the EGMs of Abbey (95 per cent voted in favour, despite vocal opposition from most of those present) and Santander, the acquisition was formally approved by the courts and Abbey became part of the Santander Group on 12 November 2004.
706:
Investments were previously branded as Inscape, but were renamed Premium Investments in the end of 2008, provided by Santander Portfolio Management. This was subsequently subsumed into the more general telephony operations and the original contact centre based in
394:
which allowed financial institutions to own estate agencies, Abbey National launched its own estate agency chain; Cornerstone, purchasing many smaller chains and individual offices with a view to opening a new channel for selling mortgages and endowment policies.
556:
in New York damaged confidence in various financial areas. From this point, Abbey struggled from financial losses and a tarnished image. The chief executive, Ian Harley, a long-time Abbey employee, resigned and his post was filled by an outsider, Luqman Arnold.
312:
Secretary advised that he would be available on Friday evenings at his home. The early years saw rapid growth in members of the Society from 111 in that first year to over 1,000 in 1884, reaching 2,000 in 1881, 3,000 in 1901 and over 7,000 by the outbreak of
434:
The demutualisation process was marred by the discovery of a large number of undelivered share certificates awaiting destruction at a contractor's premises. Abbey National shares peaked at more than ÂŁ14 in 2000, before the stock market began a long decline.
1584:
611:
Francisco Gómez Roldán took over as chief executive from Luqman Arnold, who received a rumoured £5 million, made up of pay off and share options. Gómez-Roldán died suddenly in July 2006, three weeks before being succeeded by Antonio Horta Osorio.
1772:
619:. The businesses sold to Resolution were Scottish Mutual Assurance, Scottish Provident Limited and Abbey National Life, two offshore life companies, Scottish Mutual International and Scottish Provident International Life Assurance Limited.
1102:
1869:
293:
there was exceptional growth both for the industry and the National in particular. Over a 15-year period the advances of the Building Societies Association rose eight-fold whereas those of the National rose by a factor of twenty.
660:, James Hay and Cahoot brands remained. Santander UK plc also retained the name Abbey National Treasury Services ltd ("ANTS") for the division responsible for managing its liquidity, risk management and wholesale banking needs.
523:, leasing rolling stock to the train operating companies in the United Kingdom. The bank launched its online bank, Cahoot, in June 2000. In August 2000 The First National subsidiary purchased Highway Vehicle Management from
644:
Abbey migrated all customer accounts to the Partenon computer software used by Santander in June 2008. On 27 October 2008, Abbey reached an agreement to sell Porterbrook to a consortium of Deutsche Bank, Lloyds TSB and
1005:
443:
After losses of at least ÂŁ243 million, Abbey National decided to sell its estate agency business Cornerstone to two entrepreneurs, Tony Snarey and Bill McClintock, in a management buyout backed by insurance company
488:
of Barings Bank. In the summer of 1995, Abbey National purchased First National Finance Corporation, a consumer credit company, for about ÂŁ285 million. Two life assurance companies were demutualised and acquired,
344:
name was implemented at the beginning of 1944 with Sir Harold Bellman as Chairman and Stanley Ramsey as his deputy. At the time of the merger, Abbey Road was the second largest society and National, the sixth.
452:
In July 1994, Abbey National purchased James Hay, one of the United Kingdom's foremost independent providers of self administered pensions. James Hay then went on to grow in strength and launched Abbey Wrap,
2979:
1862:
1093:
1855:
604:
On 26 July 2004, Abbey National plc and Banco Santander Central Hispano, SA announced that they had reached agreement on the terms of a recommended acquisition by Banco Santander of Abbey.
340:
Stanley Ramsey, argued that greater scale would be needed to deal with the financial challenges of reconstruction and in 1943 he proposed a merger to the Abbey Road. The merger under the
2969:
2937:
281:. This gave it two important advantages: it could act under its own name and it afforded limited liability to its members, probably a comfort after the events of 1878. In that year the
500:
In August 1996, Abbey National took over the National & Provincial Building Society, which was itself the product of a 1982 merger between the Provincial Building Society and the
2443:
633:
As a result of the banking crisis of 2008, Abbey purchased the savings business and branches of Bradford & Bingley in September 2008 following the nationalisation of B&B by
1496:
3009:
2999:
1286:
1009:
1156:
277:
The repayment of the British Land loans marked the final break with the old freehold land movement and this was formalized in 1880 when the National incorporated under the
3004:
1651:
755:
On either side a lion Or charged on the shoulder with a billet that on the dexter sable with a fleur-de-lis Or that on the sinister Ermine with a sword erect Gules.
323:
In 1932, the society moved into new headquarters, Abbey House, at 219–229 Baker Street, London, which it occupied until 2002. The site was thought to include
572:
launched and the Abbey National umbrella logo dropped. Banking literature was also simplified as part of the programme, labelled 'turning banking on its head'.
622:
Abbey retained all of its branch based investment and asset management business, James Hay, Abbey's self invested personal pension company and James Hay Wrap.
1549:
2974:
1179:
1148:"Receivers move in at Cornerstone chain Economy: Pressure mounts for further reduction in borrowing costs as housing slump claims another corporate victim"
289:
Elkington described the 30 years from 1890 as a period of consolidation with the Society always in the top dozen nationally. However, in the period after
2488:
2436:
1094:"Abbey National sells estate agents for 8m pounds: Two entrepreneurs buy Cornerstone chain after bank's losses since 1987 mount to at least pounds 243m"
2788:
2773:
688:. Its savings and banking administration departments were in Bradford, with mortgage centres in Thornaby-on-Tees and Whiteley (which closed in 2010).
383:(BACS) and became member of the BACS and CHAPS clearing systems. The stage was set for Abbey to end its mutual status and become a public company.
113:
2633:
1221:
534:
2613:
1694:
1058:
2994:
2429:
1842:
1716:
2858:
1485:
2638:
2558:
2548:
1878:
1435:
653:
division and was retained for a time for Abbey International before the latter was subsequently rebranded as Santander Private Banking.
548:
At first, this provided a good profit stream, despite the criticisms of some analysts. This eventually undid the company, however, when
2989:
2528:
954:
1633:
1296:
367:
Thornton worked with Local Authorities to finance inner city renovation, one of the best-known examples being the loan of ÂŁ3m to the
2778:
2753:
2703:
2360:
2180:
1458:
992:
917:
504:. This merger increased Abbey National's branch network by almost two hundred branches and brought in three million more customers.
1147:
541:
2913:
2748:
2713:
2658:
2084:
923:
372:
560:
Arnold spearheaded a major reorganisation of the bank. The First National business was sold, with the car hire business sold to
2743:
2698:
2623:
516:
2848:
2723:
2618:
2465:
2197:
1408:
1264:
856:
470:
1661:
1239:
1208:
2793:
2470:
2222:
1887:
1656:
646:
520:
458:
2718:
2628:
217:
In September 2003, the bank rebranded as Abbey, and in November 2004, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Spanish
2838:
2823:
2728:
2648:
2343:
592:
474:
2883:
2843:
2878:
2758:
2643:
2568:
2227:
1838:
627:
391:
387:
743:
On a wreath of the colours a lion statant Or gorged with a chain hanging therefrom a key wards to the sinister Gules.
703:
in India in 2003. Following the takeover by the Santander Group, the Gateshead operations also closed in March 2005.
2873:
2663:
2518:
2493:
2908:
2893:
2818:
2678:
2668:
2588:
2299:
2028:
1557:
726:
462:
2898:
2738:
2833:
2808:
2768:
2763:
2683:
2653:
2603:
2598:
2573:
2508:
2410:
2272:
2089:
490:
304:
278:
2888:
2828:
2693:
2608:
1187:
2984:
2853:
2803:
2733:
2593:
2583:
2578:
2563:
597:
501:
2813:
2798:
2673:
2523:
2513:
984:
2903:
2538:
2868:
2708:
2503:
2498:
638:
331:, and for many years Abbey employed a secretary charged with answering mail sent to Holmes at that address.
1742:
2863:
2163:
2016:
420:
1511:
2232:
2185:
1937:
1746:
1683:
424:
376:
203:
2543:
1125:
585:
222:
1055:
2533:
2348:
1974:
1960:
553:
466:
449:
the sold branches continued to use the name at the time) were put into receivership in October 1995.
282:
251:
1847:
202:, doing so in July 1989. The bank expanded through a number of acquisitions in the 1990s, including
2247:
2094:
368:
159:
2943:
2421:
1530:
580:
2392:
2257:
1244:
2373:
1794:
2553:
2366:
2242:
1943:
988:
677:
324:
2453:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2277:
2038:
1969:
1484:
1146:
1092:
928:
692:
Gateshead. The Derby and Liverpool centres were closed, as part of a cost-cutting exercise.
565:
512:
445:
412:
308:
2400:
2287:
2282:
2175:
2104:
2048:
1911:
1491:
1291:
1062:
588:
and Abbey opposite each other on Hounslow High Street prior to the January 2010 rebranding
533:
attempted to merge with the bank in July 2001, though that was ultimately rejected by the
416:
328:
255:
218:
199:
145:
2010:
1390:
568:
for ÂŁ848 million. In September 2003 the brand name was shortened to Abbey, the abbey.com
195:
was formed in 1944 by the merger of the Abbey Road and the National building societies.
2948:
2688:
2292:
2252:
2158:
2022:
1979:
1260:
616:
524:
263:
230:
140:
221:, with a rebrand following in February 2005. In January 2010, the savings business of
2963:
2783:
2354:
2237:
2217:
2207:
2148:
2122:
1995:
685:
634:
494:
107:
2918:
2267:
2190:
2127:
2117:
2068:
1932:
1826:
1689:
1581:"Bradford & Bingley's direct channels and retail deposits to transfer to Abbey"
1130:
481:
454:
428:
403:
226:
86:
20:
1606:
1372:
1346:
940:
848:
1834:
1328:
1310:
250:
In 1849 The Metropolitan Freehold Land Society was formed, led by such prominent
2062:
2033:
1984:
1949:
681:
657:
569:
561:
530:
508:
485:
259:
207:
167:
932:
480:
In February 1995, Abbey National Baring Derivatives were taken down along with
2379:
2262:
2212:
1816:
1065:(pp.126 & 152) Building Societies Association (retrieved 17 November 2009)
708:
668:
540:
152:
477:
approved in August 2003. This was relaunched as James Hay Wrap in June 2005.
2202:
2153:
2112:
696:
600:, Leeds showing Santander marketing material in the windows in January 2010.
544:
The bank shortened its name and dropped the previous umbrella logo in 2003.
411:
The Abbey National Building Society became the first of the United Kingdom
493:
in 1992 and Scottish Provident in 2001, which enabled Abbey to pursue the
2168:
1905:
1896:
676:
Abbey's registered office was in London (built on the site of the former
229:
plc. Prior to the takeover, Abbey National plc was a constituent of the
2004:
1436:"Mark Ritson on branding: Abbey - a case study in how to break a brand"
35:
484:, due to failures in regulation and control, especially in regards to
2056:
918:"Bellman, Sir (Charles) Harold (1886–1963), building society manager"
371:
Trust to help regenerate 4,000 houses on a rundown council estate in
211:
163:
427:
at ÂŁ1.30 per share, resulting in an unusually large number of small
206:, Scottish Mutual, Scottish Provident and the rail leasing company
667:
591:
579:
549:
539:
402:
1222:"International Briefs; Abbey National Bids To Buy First National"
2132:
1923:
700:
386:
In 1987, as a result of financial deregulation enshrined in the
380:
2425:
1851:
225:
was combined with the bank, and Abbey National plc was renamed
630:
stated that Abbey customers may be eligible for compensation.
313:
290:
423:
as Abbey National plc on 12 July 1989. It was floated on the
971:
Sir Harold Bellman, The Thrifty Three Millions, 1935, London
672:
Abbey National House, the bank's registered office in London
515:
for ÂŁ773 million. Porterbrook was one of the three railway
198:
It was the first building society in the United Kingdom to
615:
In June 2006, Abbey agreed to sell its life businesses to
537:. Abbey also ventured into the wholesale loans business.
906:
Sir Harold Bellman, Bricks and Mortals, 1949, Hutchinson
1743:"Santander set to axe 160 jobs at Whiteley call centre"
1046:
E J Cleary, The Building Society Movement, 1965, London
626:
repayment style mortgages without their knowledge. The
178:
2980:
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
564:
for ÂŁ46 million, with the remaining business sold to
2308:
2141:
2103:
2077:
2047:
1993:
1958:
1921:
1894:
1209:
Article: Abbey arm gets given wrap and Sipp control
173:
151:
139:
129:
121:
101:
93:
82:
74:
66:
58:
50:
42:
1459:"Deal Gives Banco Santander a Foothold in Britain"
927:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
916:
1879:Commercial and retail banks in the United Kingdom
1717:"Santander Financial Services plc | Santander UK"
641:by Santander had been agreed earlier that month.
316:. A new office was eventually required in 1906.
1550:"Abbey Borrowers Face Lengthened Mortgage Terms"
1056:Extract from Building Societies Yearbook 2009/10
2970:Former building societies of the United Kingdom
1579:Santander Group Santander (29 September 2008).
1086:
1084:
1037:Berry Ritchie, A Key to the Door, 1990, London
2437:
1863:
1486:"HBOS fury as EU backs Santander's Abbey bid"
1391:"Abbey sells First National in ÂŁ848m GE deal"
826:British Housebuilders: History & Analysis
749:Argent a cross Gules over all a castle Sable.
8:
3010:2010 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
3000:Financial services companies based in London
1835:Documents and clippings about Abbey National
1409:"Abbey revamp to 'turn banking on its head'"
819:Building Societies Their Origin and History
379:). Later, Abbey became a full member of the
28:
955:"Bellman, Sir (Charles) Harold (1886–1963)"
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
298:Pre-merger: The Abbey Road Building Society
2444:
2430:
2422:
1870:
1856:
1848:
1240:"Abbey National to Buy Scottish Provident"
1126:"Demutualisation: Should you sell up now?"
725:
718:
210:. Abbey National launched an online bank,
27:
3005:1944 establishments in the United Kingdom
1769:"Premium Investments: Savings: Santander"
1261:"List of demutualised building societies"
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
983:, compiled by John Ayto and Ian Crofton,
902:
900:
898:
242:Pre-merger: The National Building Society
16:Former British bank and building society
1634:"Abbey completes Partenon core project"
1607:"A&L shareholders approve takeover"
1510:Stephen Seawright (27 September 2006).
1287:"Stagecoach poised to sell Porterbrook"
959:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
924:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
890:The National Building Society 1849-1934
837:
791:The National Building Society 1849-1934
684:) and its main corporate centre was in
431:– approximately 1.8 million initially.
1499:from the original on 24 December 2008.
719:
473:in one place. Abbey Wrap Managers was
1159:from the original on 27 February 2020
1105:from the original on 27 February 2020
843:
841:
407:The former 'house roof umbrella' logo
7:
381:Bankers' Automated Clearing Services
2975:Defunct banks of the United Kingdom
1741:Fran Duckett-Pike (30 March 2010).
1652:"Porterbroook Leasing sale agreed"
1373:"New Abbey boss facing tough task"
1145:Willcock, John (20 October 1995).
1124:Miles Brignall (13 October 2007).
14:
1795:"Abbey National Building Society"
1660:. 27 October 2008. Archived from
1457:Timmons, Heather (27 July 2004).
1347:"Lloyds TSB/Abbey tie-up blocked"
1091:Willcock, John (17 August 1993).
1076:Private Housebuilding Annual 1997
849:"Santander scraps UK bank brands"
805:Abbey National Conversion to Plc
517:rolling stock operating companies
2942:
2932:
2931:
2085:National Savings and Investments
1819:
1697:from the original on 30 May 2009
1531:"Abbey sells life insurance arm"
1483:William Kay (6 September 2004).
1311:"Abbey National launches Cahoot"
859:from the original on 29 May 2009
552:turned out to be unsafe and the
157:Abbey National Treasury Services
34:
1684:"Santander to rebrand UK banks"
1632:Flinders, Karl (13 June 2008).
1211:Investment Advisor. 6 June 2005
720:Coat of arms of Abbey National
342:Abbey National Building Society
193:Abbey National Building Society
19:For the rebranded company, see
2466:Building Societies Association
1529:Hilary Osborne (7 June 2006).
1285:Staff writer (20 March 2000).
1265:Building Societies Association
1178:James Harris (10 March 2010).
1:
2754:Louth, Mablethorpe and Sutton
2471:Banking in the United Kingdom
2344:Cambridge & Counties Bank
1888:Banking in the United Kingdom
1657:Railway Gazette International
1434:Ritson, Mark (9 March 2005).
1259:Simon Rex (11 January 2010).
812:The Building Society Movement
647:Antin Infrastructure Partners
521:privatisation of British Rail
2995:Banks disestablished in 2010
981:Brewer's Britain and Ireland
941:UK public library membership
828:, 2006, Blackwell Publishing
507:In April 2000, Abbey bought
1839:20th Century Press Archives
1548:Gill Montia (2 July 2007).
1006:"Abbey and Sherlock Holmes"
761:Aedificium Nostrum Benestat
628:Financial Ombudsman Service
392:Financial Services Act 1986
388:Building Societies Act 1986
305:Building Societies Act 1874
279:Building Societies Act 1874
3026:
777:The Thrifty Three Millions
711:was closed in April 2009.
78:Renamed under parent brand
18:
2990:Banks established in 1944
2927:
2774:National & Provincial
2589:Cheltenham and Gloucester
2489:Aberavon Mutual Permanent
2479:
2461:
2411:UK Government Investments
2388:
2318:Arbuthnot Latham & Co
2090:UK Government Investments
1885:
985:Weidenfeld & Nicolson
491:Scottish Mutual Assurance
33:
2789:Norwich and Peterborough
1295:. London. Archived from
1180:"IFG acquires James Hay"
639:Alliance & Leicester
502:Burnley Building Society
358:Expansion and Innovation
327:, the fictional home of
2614:City & Metropolitan
2029:Holt's Military Banking
1797:. Heraldry of the World
1693:. London. 27 May 2009.
1512:"Bad loans up at Abbey"
1074:Credit Lyonnais Laing,
1061:9 November 2013 at the
2634:Co-operative Permanent
2499:Alliance and Leicester
2164:Allied Irish Bank (GB)
2017:Royal Bank of Scotland
933:10.1093/ref:odnb/30697
737:Granted 18 March 1944.
673:
601:
589:
586:Bradford & Bingley
545:
535:Competition Commission
469:, offshore bonds, and
461:can keep the clients'
421:public limited company
408:
349:Post-war Consolidation
223:Bradford & Bingley
2456:of the United Kingdom
2186:The Co-operative Bank
671:
596:A branch of Abbey on
595:
583:
543:
425:London Stock Exchange
406:
377:The Co-operative Bank
125:Banking and Insurance
2859:Stroud & Swindon
2544:Bradford and Bingley
2534:Birmingham Midshires
2349:Close Brothers Group
1975:Birmingham Midshires
1961:Lloyds Banking Group
1438:. Marketing Magazine
1299:on 13 February 2009.
782:Sir Harold Bellman,
775:Sir Harold Bellman,
695:Those jobs moved to
576:Takeover and rebrand
554:11 September attacks
519:created from by the
283:City of Glasgow Bank
114:AntĂłnio Horta OsĂłrio
2794:Nottingham Imperial
2409:Partially owned by
2374:Rothschild & Co
2095:UK Asset Resolution
1775:on 11 November 2010
1721:www.santander.co.uk
1613:. 16 September 2008
1587:on 14 February 2009
1560:on 8 September 2008
1329:"GUS cuts 600 jobs"
1248:. 4 September 2000.
1155:. The Independent.
1101:. The Independent.
721:
369:Stockbridge Village
160:Abbey International
131:Number of employees
30:
2719:Ilkeston Permanent
2639:Coventry Provident
2629:Clay Cross Benefit
2549:Bradford Equitable
2454:building societies
2258:Standard Chartered
2078:Wholly state-owned
1767:Santander UK plc.
1463:The New York Times
1397:. 4 February 2003.
1379:. 18 October 2002.
1245:The New York Times
888:George Elkington,
789:George Elkington,
786:, 1949, Hutchinson
784:Bricks and Mortals
674:
637:. The purchase of
602:
590:
546:
527:for ÂŁ170 million.
413:building societies
409:
54:Financial Services
29:Abbey National plc
2957:
2956:
2529:Bingley Permanent
2419:
2418:
2367:Kleinwort Hambros
2338:C. Hoare & Co
2309:Other commercial
2243:Secure Trust Bank
1944:HSBC Private Bank
1554:The Banking Times
1153:Independent.co.uk
1099:Independent.co.uk
1012:on 21 August 2015
939:(Subscription or
892:, 1935, Cambridge
817:Seymour J Price,
798:A Key to the Door
793:, 1935, Cambridge
767:
766:
678:Thames Television
598:Commercial Street
325:221B Baker Street
309:37 & 38 Vict.
189:
188:
3017:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2884:Town and Country
2779:North of England
2704:Heart of England
2554:Bristol and West
2446:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2331:Butterfield Bank
2324:Bank and Clients
2278:Unity Trust Bank
2248:Sainsbury's Bank
2105:Challenger banks
2039:Isle of Man Bank
2023:Messrs. Drummond
2011:Coutts & Co.
1970:Bank of Scotland
1872:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1688:Hilary Osborne,
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1583:. Archived from
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1556:. Archived from
1545:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1415:. 2 October 2003
1405:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1335:. 1 August 2000.
1325:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1190:on 13 March 2010
1186:. Archived from
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1096:
1088:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1008:. Archived from
1001:
995:
978:
972:
969:
963:
962:
951:
945:
944:
936:
920:
913:
907:
904:
893:
886:
869:
868:
866:
864:
845:
729:
722:
566:General Electric
513:Stagecoach Group
214:, in June 2000.
185:
182:
180:
38:
31:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
2985:Banco Santander
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2923:
2914:West of England
2749:Leeds Permanent
2714:Herts and Essex
2659:Essex Equitable
2569:Bury St Edmunds
2475:
2457:
2450:
2420:
2415:
2384:
2310:
2304:
2288:Clydesdale Bank
2176:Bank of Ireland
2137:
2099:
2073:
2049:Santander Group
2043:
1989:
1954:
1917:
1912:Barclays Wealth
1890:
1881:
1876:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1664:on 17 July 2012
1650:
1649:
1645:
1638:Computer Weekly
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1492:The Independent
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1413:Money Marketing
1407:
1406:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1317:. 12 June 2000.
1309:
1308:
1304:
1292:The Independent
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1063:Wayback Machine
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1003:
1002:
998:
979:
975:
970:
966:
953:
952:
948:
938:
915:
914:
910:
905:
896:
887:
872:
862:
860:
855:. 27 May 2009.
847:
846:
839:
835:
824:Fred Wellings,
803:Margaret Reid,
796:Berry Ritchie,
772:
717:
666:
578:
441:
419:, and became a
401:
399:Demutualisation
360:
351:
337:
329:Sherlock Holmes
300:
256:Joshua Walmsley
244:
239:
219:Santander Group
177:
166:
162:
158:
146:Santander Group
132:
117:Chief Executive
116:
112:
110:
104:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3023:
3021:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2940:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2744:Leamington Spa
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2699:Haywards Heath
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2624:City of London
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Abbey National
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2393:Big Four banks
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2293:Yorkshire Bank
2290:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Shawbrook Bank
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2159:AIB Group (UK)
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1814:
1813:External links
1811:
1809:
1808:
1786:
1759:
1733:
1708:
1675:
1643:
1624:
1598:
1571:
1540:
1521:
1502:
1475:
1449:
1426:
1400:
1382:
1364:
1353:. 10 July 2001
1338:
1320:
1302:
1277:
1251:
1231:
1228:. 5 July 1995.
1226:New York Times
1213:
1201:
1170:
1137:
1116:
1080:
1067:
1048:
1039:
1023:
996:
973:
964:
946:
908:
894:
870:
836:
834:
831:
830:
829:
822:
821:, 1958. London
815:
814:, 1965, London
808:
801:
800:, 1990, London
794:
787:
780:
779:, 1935, London
771:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
730:
716:
713:
665:
662:
617:Resolution plc
577:
574:
446:Provident Life
440:
437:
400:
397:
359:
356:
350:
347:
336:
333:
299:
296:
264:Richard Cobden
262:and above all
243:
240:
238:
235:
231:FTSE 100 Index
187:
186:
175:
171:
170:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
105:
102:
99:
98:
97:United Kingdom
95:
91:
90:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3022:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Sussex County
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Staffordshire
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Northern Rock
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Kent Reliance
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Frome Selwood
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:City of Derry
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Bedford Crown
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Aid to Thrift
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2403:are shown in
2402:
2401:private banks
2398:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:Duncan Lawrie
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2300:Wesleyan Bank
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Reliance Bank
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Kent Reliance
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:Handelsbanken
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Al Rayan Bank
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Starling Bank
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1996:NatWest Group
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1924:HSBC Holdings
1920:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:Barclays Bank
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1812:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1516:The Telegraph
1513:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1011:
1007:
1000:
997:
994:
993:0-304-35385-X
990:
986:
982:
977:
974:
968:
965:
960:
956:
950:
947:
942:
934:
930:
926:
925:
919:
912:
909:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
871:
858:
854:
850:
844:
842:
838:
832:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
807:,1991, London
806:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
774:
773:
769:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
731:
728:
724:
723:
714:
712:
710:
704:
702:
698:
693:
689:
687:
686:Milton Keynes
683:
679:
670:
663:
661:
659:
654:
650:
648:
642:
640:
636:
635:HM Government
631:
629:
623:
620:
618:
613:
609:
605:
599:
594:
587:
582:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
542:
538:
536:
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
495:bancassurance
492:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
405:
398:
396:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
357:
355:
348:
346:
343:
334:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
315:
310:
306:
297:
295:
292:
287:
284:
280:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
241:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
184:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
120:
115:
109:
106:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2909:West Cumbria
2844:St Stephen's
2819:Rowley Regis
2669:Gainsborough
2483:
2404:
2396:
2372:
2365:
2353:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2283:Virgin Money
2268:Triodos Bank
2223:Kingdom Bank
2142:Other retail
2069:Santander UK
2061:
2021:
2009:
1994:
1959:
1950:M&S Bank
1942:
1938:HSBC UK Bank
1933:First Direct
1922:
1910:
1895:
1827:Banks portal
1799:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1690:The Guardian
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1655:
1646:
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1610:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:the original
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1553:
1543:
1535:The Guardian
1534:
1524:
1515:
1505:
1490:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1395:The Guardian
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1357:22 September
1355:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1297:the original
1290:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1254:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1183:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1152:
1140:
1131:The Guardian
1129:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1098:
1075:
1070:
1051:
1042:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
999:
980:
976:
967:
958:
949:
922:
911:
889:
861:. Retrieved
852:
825:
818:
811:
810:E J Cleary,
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
705:
694:
690:
675:
655:
651:
643:
632:
624:
621:
614:
610:
606:
603:
584:Branches of
559:
547:
529:
506:
499:
482:Barings Bank
479:
451:
442:
433:
429:shareholders
410:
385:
365:
361:
352:
341:
338:
322:
318:
301:
288:
276:
272:
268:
249:
245:
227:Santander UK
216:
197:
192:
190:
153:Subsidiaries
94:Headquarters
87:Santander UK
43:Company type
25:
21:Santander UK
2899:Walthamstow
2824:Scarborough
2739:Lancastrian
2649:Dunfermline
2361:J.P. Morgan
2311:and private
2198:Danske Bank
2128:Tandem Bank
2063:Cater Allen
2034:Ulster Bank
1985:Lloyds Bank
1801:1 September
1442:16 February
1419:16 February
1163:27 February
1109:27 February
1004:Santander.
682:Euston Road
680:studios in
658:Cater Allen
570:domain name
509:Porterbrook
486:Nick Leeson
439:Development
417:demutualise
260:Joseph Hume
208:Porterbrook
200:demutualise
168:Cater Allen
2964:Categories
2879:Temperance
2839:St Pancras
2809:Portsmouth
2769:Mornington
2764:Mid Sussex
2759:Mercantile
2654:Eastbourne
2644:Derbyshire
2397:underlined
2380:Weatherbys
2263:Tesco Bank
2228:Metro Bank
2213:Hodge Bank
1726:23 October
1495:. London.
1468:9 November
943:required.)
833:References
752:Supporters
746:Escutcheon
709:Billericay
664:Operations
562:Lloyds TSB
531:Lloyds TSB
335:The Merger
108:Lord Burns
103:Key people
46:Subsidiary
2894:Universal
2889:Tynemouth
2829:Sheffield
2694:Hampshire
2679:Greenwich
2609:Chilterns
2559:Britannia
2203:easyMoney
2154:Aldermore
2113:Atom Bank
1752:3 October
1617:10 August
1537:. London.
1518:. London.
1134:. London.
1016:21 August
697:Bangalore
457:in which
455:a service
204:James Hay
83:Successor
2938:Category
2919:Woolwich
2854:Standard
2834:Shepshed
2729:Ketley's
2684:Guardian
2604:Cheshunt
2599:Cheshire
2574:Catholic
2509:Barnsley
2273:TSB Bank
2169:AIB (NI)
1897:Barclays
1779:20 March
1747:The News
1695:Archived
1668:17 March
1611:BBC News
1591:20 March
1564:20 March
1497:Archived
1377:BBC News
1351:BBC News
1333:BBC News
1315:BBC News
1270:20 March
1194:20 March
1157:Archived
1103:Archived
1078:. London
1059:Archived
987:, 2005,
857:Archived
853:BBC News
373:Knowsley
122:Products
111:Chairman
51:Industry
2814:Regency
2804:Portman
2799:Peckham
2734:Lambeth
2689:Halifax
2674:Gateway
2594:Chesham
2584:Chelsea
2579:Century
2564:Burnley
2524:Bexhill
2514:Bedford
2452:Former
2405:italics
2233:Paragon
2005:NatWest
1980:Halifax
1841:of the
1837:in the
1701:24 June
1184:M&A
770:Sources
525:GUS plc
497:model.
237:History
174:Website
67:Defunct
59:Founded
2949:Portal
2947:
2936:
2904:Wessex
2869:Surrey
2709:Hendon
2539:Bolton
2504:Anglia
2057:Cahoot
991:
937:
863:23 May
212:Cahoot
181:.abbey
164:Cahoot
141:Parent
135:20,000
2191:Smile
2181:Chase
2118:Monzo
758:Motto
740:Crest
734:Notes
550:Enron
511:from
2399:and
2395:are
2133:Zopa
1803:2024
1781:2010
1754:2010
1728:2020
1703:2009
1670:2013
1619:2009
1593:2010
1566:2010
1470:2020
1444:2015
1421:2015
1359:2013
1272:2010
1196:2010
1165:2020
1111:2020
1018:2015
989:ISBN
865:2009
715:Arms
701:Pune
699:and
656:The
471:SIPP
467:PEPs
463:ISAs
459:IFAs
390:and
191:The
183:.com
75:Fate
70:2010
62:1944
2864:Sun
1843:ZBW
929:doi
475:FSA
415:to
314:WWI
291:WW1
254:as
252:MPs
179:www
89:Plc
2966::
1745:.
1719:.
1686:.
1654:.
1636:.
1609:.
1552:.
1533:.
1514:.
1489:.
1461:.
1411:.
1393:.
1375:.
1349:.
1331:.
1313:.
1289:.
1263:.
1242:.
1224:.
1182:.
1151:.
1128:.
1097:.
1083:^
1026:^
957:.
921:.
897:^
873:^
851:.
840:^
649:.
465:,
258:,
233:.
2445:e
2438:t
2431:v
1871:e
1864:t
1857:v
1805:.
1783:.
1756:.
1730:.
1705:.
1672:.
1640:.
1621:.
1595:.
1568:.
1472:.
1446:.
1423:.
1361:.
1274:.
1198:.
1167:.
1113:.
1020:.
961:.
935:.
931::
867:.
307:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
