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Between 1976 and 1979, he served as his country’s military attaché to
Washington, and it was during his sojourn there that he developed a close relationship with American officials and a reputation for being partial to the US There he was the first non-American military to receive a diploma of honor
553:
would depart
Baltimore Washington International Airport on 24 June, 1988, and the carbon-carbon was destined to be put on the flight. Altogether, Colonel Hussam Khairat (a military attaché to Austria and a go-between who had liaison with Consen.), Helmy, his wife, and James Huffman (Helmy's
735:
356:
in 1949. He also graduated from Nasser
Academy for higher military education (Cairo 1961). On the civilian studies side, he received a bachelor's degree from the faculty of commerce, Cairo University. Abu Ghazala received the diploma of honor from the
352:, on 15 January 1930. His family descended from "Awlad Aly" tribe. After completing his secondary education, he joined the Egyptian Royal Military Academy, then he received the battalion command diploma from Stalin Academy in the
1554:
565:
Shortly after
Mubarak's visit to the United States in early April 1989, for within days of his return to Cairo, Mubarak ousted Abu Ghazala from his post and appointed him to the position of personal advisor to the president.
1042:
585:
Field
Marshal Abu Ghazala wrote his first book titled "The Cannons Were Launched by Noon .. the Egyptian Artillery during the Ramadan War", in which he demonstrated the role of the
1035:
389:
1544:
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400:
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to develop a two-stage solid and liquid propellant missile with a range of 800–5,000 kilometres (500–3,110 mi). This missile was called Vector in Egypt,
1559:
705:
1269:
404:
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To do this, Abu
Ghazala established an office within Egypt's defense ministry called "Ballistic Missile Egypt" (BME), Argentina, with assistance from
1534:
1260:
1509:
1524:
888:
861:
815:
1519:
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541:, agreed to procure the technologies for Egypt. Finally, On 14 June 1988, approximately 430 pounds of carbon-carbon were shipped to an
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1020:
582:. The Muslim Brotherhood offered him to run as their presidential candidate, but he refused due to their different advocacies.
832:
1335:
1175:
496:
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445:
58:
778:
1514:
562:. An American court had ordered a wiretap of Helmy's office a year earlier as evidence of his activities mounted.
511:
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In 2005, Abu
Ghazala was briefly rumored to be a presidential candidate for the powerful but illegal
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devices like bicycle bombs. There were also a number of rockets that some believe was the
457:
321:
736:
Charlie Wilson's War: The
Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History
17:
1431:
1327:
1077:
593:
and gleaned some information about his views and his military doctrine towards Israel.
590:
523:
425:
377:
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Besides his native Arabic, Abu
Ghazala was also fluent in English, French and Russian.
305:
1008:
666:
578:. He finally did not run, and the Muslim Brotherhood did not field a candidate in the
1483:
519:
507:
503:
421:
Shortly after Anwar Sadat was killed, he obtained the rank of Field
Marshal in 1982.
271:
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83:
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removed him from office after diplomatic pressure that he was involved in smuggling
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worked through a consortium of many European missile suppliers called "Consen".
453:
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79:
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477:
414:, died along with 12 senior officers in a helicopter crash on 2 March 1981,
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in the U.S., thus being the first non-American to receive such an award.
43:
601:
Abu Ghazala died on 6 September 2008 at El-Galla Military Hospital in
418:
appointed Abu Ghazala minister of defense and military production.
399:
Upon returning to Cairo in 1979, Abu Ghazala was named director of
473:
230:
197:
1555:
Directors of the Military Intelligence and Reconnaissance (Egypt)
622:
645:"الأخبار - وفاة المشير أبو غزالة وزير الدفاع المصري السابق عربي"
542:
481:
1024:
853:
The International Missile Bazaar: The New Suppliers' Network
807:
The International Missile Bazaar: The New Suppliers' Network
332:
of Egypt from 1981 to 1989. Abu Ghazala was seated next to
850:
Potter, William C.; Jencks, Harlan W. (6 September 2019).
804:
Potter, William C.; Jencks, Harlan W. (6 September 2019).
554:
procurement agent) were detained. Helmy was charged with
448:
to the Afghan rebel groups. Items included .303 ammo for
380:
of 1973. After the war he was appointed commander of the
980:
Namatalla, A., Newsreel, Egypt Today, August 2005. URL:
410:
When the Minister of Defense and military production,
472:
The Vector is a cancelled tripartite program between
440:. The CIA bought the weapons and passed them through
514:, which could've been used to protect the missile's
407:
on 15 May 1980, and he was promoted two days later.
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833:"Egyptian Minister Named in Missile-Parts Scheme"
580:first contested Egyptian presidential elections
682:
680:
1036:
880:Nasser and the Missile Age in the Middle East
545:warehouse and readied for onward delivery to
8:
1043:
1029:
1021:
328:; 15 January 1930 – 6 September 2008) was
31:
831:Stevenson, Richard W. (25 October 1988).
1545:20th-century Egyptian military personnel
614:
344:He was born in Zuhur Al Omara village,
605:at the age of 78, from throat cancer.
502:In 1989, erstwhile Egyptian president
289:Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
1540:Egyptian people of the Yom Kippur War
336:when the president was assassinated.
71:4 March 1981 – 15 April 1989
7:
1560:Chiefs of the General Staff (Egypt)
667:"Obituary: Abdel-Halim Abu Ghazala"
510:and other technologies relevant to
325:
877:Sirrs, Owen L. (24 January 2007).
405:Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
376:'s artillery commander during the
25:
1009:Obituary: Abdel-Halim Abu Ghazala
1007:Joffe, Lawrence, September 2008.
905:"Iraqi BADR-2000 missile project"
781:. 22 October 2003. Archived from
754:"Iraqi BADR-2000 missile project"
390:Command and General Staff College
318:Muhammad Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala
36:Muhammad Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala
1550:Egyptian Military Academy alumni
1259:
956:"Egypt's quiet weapons build-up"
930:"Egypt's quiet weapons build-up"
266:
241:
223:
42:
27:Former Defense Minister of Egypt
1535:People from Beheira Governorate
712:. 16 March 1981. Archived from
1510:Free Officers Movement (Egypt)
1:
1525:Deaths from esophageal cancer
1472:indicate interim officeholder
1336:Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy
1176:Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy
432:in supplying weapons to the
59:Minister of Defence of Egypt
1520:Deaths from cancer in Egypt
1057:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
512:strap-down inertial systems
1576:
1530:Defence ministers of Egypt
623:"Abu Ghazala, Abdel Halim"
424:He was also involved with
1467:
1257:
518:during descent, from the
326:محمد عبد الحليم أبو غزالة
311:
146:
64:
53:
41:
1360:Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala
1216:Muhammad Hussein Tantawy
1200:Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala
587:Egyptian artillery corps
549:. An Egyptian Air Force
340:Early life and education
18:Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala
1500:Field marshals of Egypt
1208:Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb
743:, 2003, Grove/Atlantic.
522:, henceforth violating
141:Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb
1384:Safi al-Din Abu Shnaaf
539:U.S security clearance
1440:Mohammed Farid Hegazy
1368:Abd Rab el-Nabi Hafez
1280:Mohamed Ibrahim Selim
1135:Abdel Wahab el-Beshry
1118:Abdel Wahab el-Beshry
1053:Egyptian Armed Forces
468:Condor-II and removal
401:military intelligence
255:Years of service
1320:Mohammed Ahmed Sadek
1224:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
1160:Mohammed Ahmed Sadek
1086:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
1065:Ministers of Defense
989:on 14 September 2008
692:translate.google.com
673:. 29 September 2008.
359:National War College
99:Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin
1456:Ahmed Fathy Khalifa
1070:Commanders-in-Chief
403:. He was appointed
350:Beheira Governorate
48:Abu Ghazala in 1986
1344:Mohammed Aly Fahmy
1270:Chiefs of Staff of
1240:Mohamed Ahmed Zaki
1051:Commanders of the
837:The New York Times
785:on 22 October 2003
716:on 15 October 2010
688:"Google Translate"
576:Muslim Brotherhood
488:in Argentina, and
1515:Egyptian generals
1477:
1476:
1248:Abdel Mageed Saqr
1102:Hussein el-Shafei
890:978-1-134-20051-1
863:978-1-000-30257-8
817:978-1-000-30257-8
603:Heliopolis, Cairo
535:propulsion expert
532:Egyptian-American
528:Abdelkader Helmy,
438:Soviet–Afghan War
434:Afghan mujahideen
394:Carlisle Barracks
315:
314:
194:Heliopolis, Cairo
109:Ali Mahmoud Lutfi
16:(Redirected from
1567:
1505:Egyptian Muslims
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1376:Ibrahim El-Orabi
1372:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1312:Ahmad Ismail Ali
1308:
1304:Abdul Munim Riad
1300:
1292:
1288:Abdel Hakim Amer
1284:
1272:the Armed Forces
1263:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
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1196:
1188:
1184:Kamal Hassan Ali
1180:
1172:
1168:Ahmad Ismail Ali
1164:
1156:
1148:
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1114:
1110:Abdel Hakim Amer
1106:
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1094:Abdel Hakim Amer
1090:
1082:
1045:
1038:
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985:. Archived from
978:
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556:money laundering
524:U.S. export laws
516:re-entry vehicle
330:Defense Minister
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302:War of Attrition
270:
247:
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214:Military service
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187:6 September 2008
168:Zuhur Al Omara,
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151:Personal details
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104:Kamal Hassan Ali
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962:. 17 March 2005
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1459:(2024–present)
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1432:Mahmoud Hegazy
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191:(aged 78)
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983:"Egypt Today"
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909:www.b14643.de
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883:. Routledge.
882:
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856:. Routledge.
855:
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846:
843:
839:. p. 25.
838:
834:
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810:. Routledge.
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758:www.b14643.de
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520:United States
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508:carbon-carbon
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504:Hosni Mubarak
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84:Hosni Mubarak
81:
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40:
33:
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19:
1469:
1408:Hamdy Wahiba
1400:Magdy Hatata
1392:Salah Halabi
1359:
1352:Ahmed Badawi
1199:
1192:Ahmed Badawi
1144:Amin Howeidi
1133:
1126:Shams Badran
1012:The Guardian
1011:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
976:
964:. Retrieved
959:
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938:. Retrieved
933:
924:
912:. Retrieved
908:
899:
879:
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852:
845:
836:
826:
806:
799:
787:. Retrieved
783:the original
773:
761:. Retrieved
757:
748:
734:
730:
718:. Retrieved
714:the original
709:
706:"Milestones"
700:
691:
671:The Guardian
670:
661:
649:. Retrieved
647:. Al Jazeera
639:
627:. Retrieved
617:
600:
584:
573:
564:
501:
494:
471:
454:limpet mines
423:
420:
412:Ahmad Badawi
409:
398:
386:
371:
363:
354:Soviet Union
343:
317:
316:
294:Battles/wars
189:(2008-09-06)
136:Succeeded by
129:Ahmed Badawi
66:
29:
1495:2008 deaths
1490:1930 births
1448:Osama Askar
1424:Sedki Sobhy
1403:(1995–2001)
1232:Sedki Sobhy
1219:(1991–2012)
651:24 December
591:October War
589:during the
450:Lee–Enfield
436:during the
416:Anwar Sadat
378:October War
374:Second Army
372:He was the
346:El Delengat
334:Anwar Sadat
298:Suez Crisis
208:Independent
170:El Delengat
124:Preceded by
80:Anwar Sadat
1484:Categories
1055:since the
779:"Condor 1"
720:1 February
609:References
560:conspiracy
219:Allegiance
162:1930-01-15
114:Atef Sedki
1451:(2021–24)
1443:(2017–21)
1435:(2014–17)
1427:(2012–14)
1419:(2005–12)
1411:(2001–05)
1395:(1991–95)
1387:(1987–91)
1379:(1983–87)
1371:(1981–83)
1363:(1980–81)
1355:(1978–80)
1347:(1974–78)
1339:(1973–74)
1331:(1971–73)
1323:(1969–71)
1307:(1967–69)
1299:(1964–67)
1291:(1959–64)
1283:(1952–59)
1243:(2018–24)
1235:(2014–18)
1227:(2012–14)
1211:(1989–91)
1203:(1981–89)
1195:(1980–81)
1187:(1978–80)
1179:(1974–78)
1171:(1972–74)
1163:(1971–72)
1155:(1968–71)
1147:(1967–68)
1129:(1966–67)
1121:(1962–66)
1113:(1954–62)
1089:(1953–54)
1081:(1952–53)
547:Baltimore
492:in Iraq.
490:Badr-2000
486:Condor-II
478:Argentina
388:from the
281:Artillery
258:1949–1989
76:President
67:In office
960:NBC News
934:NBC News
629:13 March
625:. Rulers
462:Katyusha
452:rifles,
442:Pakistan
286:Commands
1470:Italics
993:21 July
966:11 June
940:11 June
914:11 June
789:11 June
763:11 June
174:Beheira
1315:(1969)
1139:(1967)
1105:(1954)
1097:(1954)
887:
860:
814:
480:, and
456:, and
368:Career
322:Arabic
246:
228:
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597:Death
551:C-130
537:with
474:Egypt
231:Egypt
198:Egypt
178:Egypt
995:2008
968:2022
942:2022
916:2022
885:ISBN
858:ISBN
812:ISBN
791:2022
765:2022
722:2013
710:Time
653:2012
631:2013
558:and
543:Ohio
482:Iraq
428:and
278:Unit
263:Rank
184:Died
156:Born
530:an
497:MBB
446:ISI
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392:at
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