Alien abduction - Knowledge

1391:, researchers focused on the hypothesis that if some of alien abduction stories are the products of REM sleep, then they could be deliberately emulated by lucid dreaming practitioners. To check the hypothesis, they instructed a group of volunteers to try to emulate alien encounters via lucid dreams. Of the volunteers, 114 (75%) were able to experience alien encounters. Regarding the successful cases, 20% were close to reality in terms of the absence of paradoxical dreamlike events. And only among this 20% sleep paralysis and fear were observed, which are common in 'real' stories. In theory, random people might spontaneously encounter the same situation during REM sleep and confuse the events with reality. 1090:"Imaging" procedures consist of an abductee being made to view screens displaying images and scenes that appear to be specially chosen with the intent to provoke certain emotional responses in the abductee. "Envisioning" is a similar procedure, with the primary difference being that the images being viewed, rather than being on a screen, actually seem to be projected into the experiencer's mind. "Staging" procedures have the abductee playing a more active role, according to reports containing this element. It shares vivid hallucination-like mental visualization with the envisioning procedures, but during staging the abductee interacts with the illusionary scenario like a role player or an actor. 831:, without taking a position on if UFOs and aliens are real, highlighted links between radical politics and conspiracy theories involving UFOs, alien visitation, environmental pollution, hidden groups, government and world takeover. He observed the rise of a form of eclectic and apocalyptic millenarism which he termed "improvisional millenarism". UFO and abduction stories can often be part of stigmatized or suppressed knowledge narratives, where alleged orthodoxy is claimed to be maintained in error for nefarious purposes and to keep society in ignorance. UFO and alien-related conspiracy theories emerged in far-right politics from the 1980s onwards. 62: 1187:" in response to this observation. Hopkins has estimated that these "errors" accompany 4–5 percent of abduction reports. One type of common apparent mistake made by the abductors is failing to return the experiencer to the same spot that they were taken from initially. This can be as simple as a different room in the same house, or abductees can even find themselves outside and all the doors of the house locked from the inside. Another common error is putting the abductee's clothes (e.g. pajamas) on backwards. 1093:"Testing" marks something of a departure from the above procedures in that it lacks the emotional analysis feature. During testing the experiencer is placed in front of a complicated electronic device and is instructed to operate it. The experiencer is often confused, saying that they do not know how to operate it. However, when they actually set about performing the task, the abductee will find that they do, in fact, know how to operate the machine. 4401: 697:. There had been earlier abduction reports (the Hills being the best known), but they were believed to be few and saw rather little attention from ufology (and even less attention from mainstream professionals or academics). Jacobs and Hopkins argued that alien abduction was far more common than earlier suspected; they estimate that tens of thousands (or more) North Americans had been taken by unexplained beings. 893:, the person must have been taken against their will by apparent non-human beings, taken to a special place perceived as extraterrestrial or to be a spaceship. They then must experience being subjected to an examination or to engage in some form of communication with the beings (or both). Communication may be perceived as telepathic rather than verbal. The memory of the experience may be conscious or 764:. Mack became interested in claims of alien abduction in the late 1980s, interviewing over 800 people and eventually writing two books on the subject. Due to Mack's belief and subsequent promotion of the claims of those he interviewed, his professional reputation suffered, prompting Harvard to review his position in 1994. He retained tenure, but "was not taken seriously by his colleagues anymore”. 654:

least as early as 1954, and that "the growth of the abduction stories is a far more tangled affair than the 'entirely unpredisposed' official history would have us believe." (The phrase "entirely predisposed" appeared in folklorist Thomas E. Bullard's study of alien abduction; he argued that alien abductions as reported in the 1970s and 1980s had little precedent in folklore or fiction.)

617:, an article by Leroy Thorpe titled "Are the Flying Saucers Kidnapping Humans?" asks the question "Are an unlucky few of us, and perhaps not so few at that, being captured with the same ease as we would net butterflies, perhaps for zoological specimens, perhaps for vivisection or some other horrible death designed to reveal to our interplanetary invaders what makes us tick?" 1001:". As consciousness shifts one or more lights are alleged to appear, occasionally accompanied by a strange mist. The source and nature of the lights differ by report; sometimes the light emanates from a source outside the house (presumably the abductors' UFO), sometimes the lights are in the bedroom with the experiencer and transform into alien figures. 1411:

While some corroborated accounts seem to support the literal reality of the abduction experience, others seem to support a psychological explanation for the phenomenon's origins. Jenny Randles and Keith Basterfield both noted at the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference that of the five cases they knew

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to go" (emphasis as in original). Mack was unconvinced by piecemeal counterclaims, however, and countered that skeptical explanations naturally need to "take into account the entire range of phenomena associated with abduction experiences", up to and including "missing time", directly contemporaneous

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counters this argument, noting "It might be useful to restate that a large proportion of the material relating to abductions is recalled without the use of an altered state of consciousness, and that many abduction reporters appear to relive powerful experiences after only the most minimal relaxation

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Although abduction and other UFO-related reports are usually made by adults, sometimes young children report similar experiences. These child-reports often feature very specific details in common with reports of abduction made by adults, including the circumstances, narrative, entities and aftermaths

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People who believe they have been abducted by aliens show some of the physiological changes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), US researchers have found. … Their findings show that the physical intensity of a recovered belief does not depend on whether the trauma was real or not.

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Brazilian researcher Gilda Moura reported on a similar case, the Sueli case, from her home country. When psychologist and UFO researcher Don Donderi said that these cases were "evidence of psychological processes" that did not "have anything to do with a physical alien abduction", Moura replied: "If

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Bullard also studied the 300 reports of alien abduction in an attempt to observe the less prominent aspects of the claims. He notes the emergence of four general categories of events that recur regularly, although not as frequently as stereotypical happenings like the medical examination. These four

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writer Linda Rodriguez McRobbie, "Abduction and contact stories aren’t quite the fodder for daytime talk show and New York Times bestsellers they were a few decades ago...Today, credulous stories of alien visitation rarely crack the mainstream media, however much they thrive on niche TV channels and

957:. Coinciding with their immediate return, abductees may have a profound sense of love, a "high" similar to those induced by certain drugs, or a "mystical experience", accompanied by a feeling of oneness with God, the universe, or their abductors. Whether this is the result of a metaphysical change, 1333:

There have been a variety of explanations offered for abduction phenomena, ranging from sharply skeptical appraisals, to uncritical acceptance of all abductee claims, to the demonological, to everything in between. Some have elected not to attempt explanations, noting instead similarities to other

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Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, folklorist Thomas E. Bullard could not identify a child presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after undertaking a study of 300 abduction reports. Bullard says that the child presentation "seems to be an innovation in the story" and that "no clear

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The entire abduction event is precisely orchestrated. All the procedures are predetermined. There is no standing around and deciding what to do next. The beings are task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever that we have been able to find of any aspect of their lives outside of performing

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The descriptions of alien encounters as researched and presented by Hopkins, Jacobs and Mack were similar, with slight differences in each researcher's emphasis; the process of selective citation of abductee interviews that supported these variations was sometimes criticized – though abductees who

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Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abductions, skeptic Peter Rogerson notes that these cases established a template that later abductees and researchers would refine but rarely deviate from. Additionally, Rogerson notes purported abductions were cited contemporaneously at

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After allegedly displaying cold callous disregard towards the abduction experiencers, sometimes the entities will change drastically in behavior once the initial medical exam is completed. They become more relaxed and hospitable towards their captive and lead him or her away from the site of the

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Miller notes different areas of emphasis between human medicine and what is reported as being practiced by the abductors. This could result from a difference in the purpose of the examination – routine diagnosis or treatment or both versus scientific examination of an unfamiliar species –, or it

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As the alleged abduction proceeds, claimants say they will walk or be levitated into an alien craft, in the latter case often through solid objects such as walls, ceilings or a closed window. Alternatively, they may experience rising through a tunnel or along a beam of light, with or without the

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of nine abduction claimants and found them to be prone to "mildly paranoid thinking", nightmares and having a weak sexual identity, while Richard McNally of Harvard Medical School concluded in a similar study of 10 abductees that "none of them was suffering from any sort of psychiatric illness."

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It has been argued that if actual "flesh and blood" aliens are abducting humans, there should be some hard evidence that this is occurring. Proponents of the physical reality of the abduction experience have suggested ways that could conceivably confirm abduction reports. One procedure reported

1362:, Matheson notes that people "can return to the safe world of their homes, secure in the knowledge that the phenomenon in question cannot follow. But as the abduction myth has stated almost from the outset, there is no avoiding alien abductors". Matheson writes that when compared to the earlier 1277:

or headaches. This usually involves two phases, an information gathering stage, in which the hypnotherapist asks about unexplained illnesses or unusual phenomena during the patients' lives (caused by or distortions of the alleged abduction), followed by hypnosis and guided imagery to facilitate

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Physician and abduction researcher John G. Miller sees significance in the reason a person would come to see themselves as being a victim of the abduction phenomenon. He terms the insight or development leading to this shift in identity from non-abductee to abductee the "realization event". The

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Eventually, the experiencer will undergo an apparent "shift" into an altered state of consciousness. British abduction researchers have called this change in consciousness "the Oz Factor". External sounds cease to have any significance to the experiencer and fall out of perception. They report

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Putting aside the question of whether abduction reports are literally and objectively "real", literature professor Terry Matheson argues that their popularity and their intriguing appeal are easily understood. Tales of abduction "are intrinsically absorbing; it is hard to imagine a more vivid

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Eventually, the abductors will return the abductees, usually to exactly the same location and circumstances they were in before being taken. Usually, explicit memories of the abduction experience will not be present, and the abductee will only realize they have experienced "missing time" upon

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with the experiencer, wherein they discuss things relevant to the abduction phenomenon. Bullard notes five general categories of discussion that occur during the conference "phase" of reported abduction narratives: An interrogation session, explanatory segment, task assignment, warnings, and

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As a category, some studies show that abductees have psychological characteristics that render their testimony suspect, while others show that "as a group, abduction experients are not different from the general population in term of psychopathology prevalence". Elizabeth Slater conducted a

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in favor of the lower one. The abductors do not appear to wear gloves during the "examination". Other constants of terrestrial medicine like pills and tablets are missing from abduction narratives, although sometimes abductees are asked to drink liquids. Injections also seem to be rare and

549:, a psychiatrist who gave credence to such claims, most of those who report alien abductions and believe their experiences were real are sane, common people, and psychopathology was associated only with some cases. Mack reported that some abduction reports are quite detailed, and an entire 1416:

the Sueli case is not an abduction, I don't know what is an abduction any more". Gilda Moura noted that in the Brazilian Sueli case during the abduction UFOs were observed. Later, she claims the experiencer had eye burns, saw lights and there seemed to be residual poltergeist activity.

573:" and so on) are said to have specific roles, origins, and motivations. Abduction claimants do not always attempt to explain the phenomenon, but some take independent research interest in it themselves and explain the lack of greater awareness of alien abduction as the result of either 650:) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case and was perhaps the first in which the claimant described beings that later became widely known as the Greys and in which the beings were said to explicitly identify an extraterrestrial origin. 1166:

of the abductors' craft are a rare but recurring feature of the abduction narrative. The tour seems to be given by the alleged abductors as a courtesy in response to the harshness and physical rigors of the forced medical examination. Sometimes the abductees report traveling on a

1025:. However, the literature holds reports of a wide variety of procedures allegedly performed by the beings. The entity that appears to be in charge of the operation is often taller than the others involved and is sometimes described as appearing to be of a different species. 1086:

After the so-called medical exam, the alleged abductees often report other procedures being performed with the entities. Common among these post-examination procedures are what abduction researchers refer to as imaging, envisioning, staging, and testing.

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Abductees of all ages and genders sometimes report being subjected to a "child presentation". As its name implies, the child presentation involves the abduction claimant being shown a "child". Often the children appear to be neither human, nor the same

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Abduction researcher Brian Thompson claims that a nurse reported to him 1957 in Cincinnati she encountered a 3-foot-tall (90 cm) praying mantis-like entity two days after a V-shaped UFO sighting. This mantis-like creature is reminiscent of the

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realization event is often a single, memorable experience, but Miller reports that not all abductees experience it as a distinct episode. Either way, the realization event can be thought of as the "clinical horizon" of the abduction experience.

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of the alleged occurrences. Often, these young abductees have family members who have reported having abduction experiences. Family involvement in the military, or a residence near a military base is also common among child abduction claimants.

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and subjected to physical and psychological experimentation. People claiming to have been abducted are usually called "abductees" or "experiencers". Most scientists and mental health professionals explain these experiences by factors such as

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declared that Karl Hunrath and Wilbur Wilkinson, who had claimed they were contacted by aliens, had disappeared under mysterious circumstances; Wilkins reported speculation that the duo were the victims of "alleged abduction by flying

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Hall, Dick & Randles, Jenny & Basterfield, Keith & Moura, Gilda. "Panel on Cross Cultural Patterns in Abductions." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

937:. The abductees are given a tour of their captors' vessel, though this is disputed by some researchers who consider this definition a confabulation of intent when just apparently being taken around to multiple places inside the ship. 900:

Although different cases vary in detail (sometimes significantly), some UFO researchers, such as folklorist Thomas E. Bullard argue that there is a broad, fairly consistent sequence and description of events that make up the typical

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related to UFO encounters at least as early as the 1960s, but Budd Hopkins and especially David M. Jacobs were instrumental in popularizing the idea of widespread, systematic interbreeding efforts on the part of the alien intruders.

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at all. The relaxation exercise is useful to relieve the experiencer's need to attend to the social demands and other stimuli of face-to-face conversation, and to relieve the energies involved in repressing memories and emotion."

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As some studies suggest that in some UFO/alien encounters, these phenomena could be related to dissociative REM sleep states, like lucid dreams, sleep paralysis, and out-of-body experiences. In a 2021 study, published in

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and psychiatrist John E. Mack presented alien abduction as a plausible experience. Also of note in the 1980s was the publication of folklorist Thomas E. Bullard's comparative analysis of nearly 300 alleged abductees.

848:, a common target of conspiracy theorists and millenarian scenarios. One conspiracy theory alleges that FEMA plans to incarcerate "patriots" suddenly in concentration camps during a disaster. Political scientist 1278:

recall. The information-gathering enhances the likelihood that the events discussed will be incorporated into later abduction "memories". Seven steps are hypothesized to lead to the development of false memories:

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to their experiences. "Post-abduction syndrome" is a term used by abductees to describe the effects of abduction, though it is not recognized by any professional treatment organizations. People who have a

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in the female's abdomen, which could be seen on an X-ray image. The presence of free gas would be extremely abnormal and would help substantiate the claim of some sort of procedure being done to her.

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psychologist, became interested in the abduction phenomenon in the 1960s. Sprinkle became convinced of the phenomenon's actuality and was perhaps the first to suggest a link between abductions and

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at this point even though nothing unusual has actually occurred yet. This period of foreboding can last for up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or be completely absent.

931:. The abductors communicate with the abductee or direct them to interact with specific individuals for some purpose, typically telepathically but sometimes using the abductee's native language. 7206: 61: 5512: 1285:

The person seeks out a therapist, whom he or she views as an authority and who is, at the very least, receptive to this explanation and has some prior familiarity with UFO abduction reports.

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Rodeghier, Mark. "Who is an Abductee? A Set of Selection Criteria for Abductees." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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Some writers, have said abduction experiences bear similarities to pre-20th century accounts of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities. One notable example is the

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called him "a well-meaning man uncritically elaborating on tales of alien abduction, and potentially both cementing and constructing false memories". Boyce observed that Mack's work in

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While the term "alien abduction" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, modern speculation about some older stories interpreted them as possible cases. UFO researcher

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Miller, John G. "The Realization Event -An Important Historical Feature." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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reports, abduction accounts are distinguished by their "relative sophistication and subtlety, which enabled them to enjoy an immediately more favorable reception from the public".

704:, the most advanced stage of which in the "human hybridization program" are known as hubrids, though the motives for this effort were unknown. There had been anecdotal reports of 5284: 4073: 1815:

Miller, John G. "Medical Procedural Differences: Alien Versus Human." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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Bullard, Thomas E. "The Well-Ordered Abduction: Pattern or Mirage?" In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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desire to be at a certain place at a certain time or as expectations that something "familiar yet unknown" will soon occur. Abductees also report feeling severe, undirected

6719: 5524: 610:, Colonel H. G. Shaw claimed he and a friend were harassed by three tall, slender humanoids whose bodies were covered with a fine, downy hair who tried to kidnap the pair. 5373: 4990: 4966: 3676: 1775:

Sheaffer, Robert. "A Skeptical Perspective on UFO Abductions." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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Truncale, Deborah Bruce. "Alien/UFO Experiences of Children." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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Bullard argues most abduction accounts feature the following events. They generally follow the sequence noted below, though not all abductions feature all the events:

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Bullard, Thomas E. "The Variety of Abduction Beings." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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could be due to a different level of technology that renders certain kinds of manual procedures unnecessary. The abductors' areas of interest appear to be the

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Sometimes the alleged abductors appear to make mistakes when returning their captives. UFO researcher Budd Hopkins has joked about "the cosmic application of

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Hopkins, Budd. "The Abduction Experience: Return." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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Bullard, Thomas E. "The Rarer Abduction Episodes." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

949:. The abductees are returned to earth, occasionally in a different location from where they were allegedly taken or with new injuries or disheveled clothing. 2216: 1962: 6740: 5334: 5324: 3705: 6011: 5799: 3616: 6709: 6464: 5500: 5390: 5128: 4068: 1013:

The examination phase of the so-called "abduction narrative" is characterized by the performance of medical procedures and examinations by apparently

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Nyman, Joe. "A Composite Encounter Model." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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in 1961. UFO abduction claims have declined since their initial surge in the mid-1970s, and alien abduction narratives have found less popularity in

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Jacobs, David M. "Subsequent Procedures." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia.

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phase of the experience is the insertion of a long needle-like contraption into a woman's navel. Some have speculated that this could be a form of

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Chronologically within abduction reports, these rarer episodes tend to happen in the order listed, between the medical examination and the return.

925:. Invasive physiological and psychological procedures, and on occasion simulated behavioral situations, training & testing, or sexual liaisons. 5774: 3974: 863:. Some espouse conspiracy theories of sophisticated technological mind control, including the use of implants, to force them to serve an alleged 374: 6543: 6161: 6829: 1408:. Stringfield told him of two cases he had in his files where separate witnesses reported identical circumstances in the same place and year. 1257:. Due to the extensive use of hypnosis, and other methods which they view as being manipulative, skeptics explain the abduction narratives as 6957: 6821: 6447: 5868: 5835: 5494: 4942: 4848: 4244: 3710: 3124: 3104: 3083: 3059: 2972: 2927: 2807: 2278:

McNally, R; et al. (2003). "Psychophysiological Responding During Script-Driven Imagery in People Reporting Abduction by Space Aliens".

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Barbeito, PF (2005). ""He's Making Me Feel Things in My Body That I Don't Feel": The Body as Battleground in Accounts of Alien Abduction".

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presented their own accounts directly, such as Whitley Strieber, fared no better. The involvement of Jacobs and Mack marked something of a

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Furthermore, Jacobs and Hopkins argued that there was an elaborate process underway in which aliens were attempting to create human–alien

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noted that the stigma of alien abduction stories is seductive to dismiss "consensus reality" in favor of deviant alternative realities.

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of where an abduction researcher was present at the onset of an abduction experience, the experiencer "didn't physically go anywhere".

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The precise number of alleged abductees is uncertain. One of the earliest studies of abductions found 1,700 claimants, while contested

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The client adopts the role of the "victim" or abductee, which becomes integrated into the psychotherapy and the client's view of self.

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A person is predisposed to accept the idea that certain puzzling or inexplicable experiences might be telltale signs of UFO abduction.

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There is increasing commitment to the abduction explanation and increasing anxiety reduction associated with ambiguity reduction.

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Support groups for people who believed they were abducted began appearing in the mid-1980s. These groups appear throughout the

639: 522: 483: 3355: 7226: 6948: 6676: 5863: 5759: 4798: 4521: 4098: 3536: 3476: 3313: 3298: 3268: 1660: 1630: 1214: 943:. Abductees often rapidly forget the majority of their experience, either as a result of fear, medical intervention, or both. 670:. Eventually, Sprinkle came to believe that he had been abducted by aliens in his youth; he was forced from his job in 1989. 467: 364: 354: 349: 133: 69: 5198: 6862: 6636: 6626: 6535: 5617: 5158: 4159: 4154: 3994: 3787: 3686: 3456: 1698:– similarities include the involvement of sexual contact with non-human creatures in historical accusations of witchcraft. 1401: 985:

Abduction claimants report unusual feelings preceding the onset of an abduction experience. These feelings manifest as a

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to extract more details of dimly remembered events. Hopkins soon became a figurehead of the growing abductee subculture.

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Jacobs (2015), p. 31. entire chapter 2 "Abductees, Aliens, and the Program" (pp. 15–46, especially Table 2, is helpful).

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The therapist legitimates or ratifies the abductee's experience, which constitutes additional positive reinforcement.

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antecedents" to descriptions of the child presentation phase exist before its popularization by Hopkins and Jacobs.

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had been interested in UFOs for some years. In the 1970s, he became interested in abduction reports and began using

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description of human powerlessness". After experiencing the frisson of delightful terror one may feel from reading

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Appelle, S., et al. Alien abduction experiences. In Cardeña, E., Lynn. S. J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.) (2000).

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case, which did not receive much attention until several years later. Widespread publicity was generated by the

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Others are intrigued by the entire phenomenon but hesitate in making any definitive conclusions. Psychiatrist

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Mack was a well known, highly esteemed psychiatrist, author of over 150 scientific articles and winner of the

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feeling introspective and unusually calm. This stage marks a transition from normal activity to a state of "

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Self-described abduction victims often join self-help communities of victims and may resort to questionable

494:. The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee. 303: 280: 251: 7134: 5857: 5747: 5730: 5086: 4842: 4777: 4607: 3898: 3873: 3863: 3848: 3828: 3733: 3611: 3586: 3571: 3511: 3496: 3481: 3416: 3401: 2287: 1685: 1516: 1502: 1475: 886: 514: 138: 83: 6606: 6452: 6115: 5820: 5815: 5754: 5720: 5536: 5378: 5240: 5210: 4830: 4824: 4342: 3858: 3728: 3641: 3626: 3501: 3491: 3386: 3219: 2705:

Bader, CD (2003). "Supernatural Support Groups: Who Are the UFO Abductees and Ritual-Abuse Survivors?".

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Most people alleging alien abductions report invasive examinations of their bodies and some ascribe

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The 1980s brought a major degree of mainstream attention to the subject. Works by Hopkins, novelist

428:) refers to the phenomenon of people reporting what they believe to be the real experience of being 7007: 6775: 6237: 6048: 5725: 5612: 5582: 5577: 5261: 5140: 5002: 4878: 4517: 3763: 3360: 1610: 1405: 1071: 1042: 746: 545:

Mainstream scientists reject claims that the phenomenon literally occurs as reported. According to

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to the phenomena of UFOs and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic.

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Alternatively, the therapist frames the puzzling experiences in terms of an abduction narrative.

967:. The abductee must cope with the psychological, physical, and social effects of the experience. 513:

Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made all around the world, but are most common in

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beliefs, a vivid fantasy life, and suffer from sleep paralysis, according to a 2003 study by

1049:. Systems given less attention than a human doctor would – or omitted entirely – include the 7117: 6735: 6596: 6520: 6257: 6252: 6043: 6026: 6006: 5901: 5651: 5431: 4836: 4686: 4622: 4513: 4078: 3999: 3631: 3411: 3215: 2769: 2714: 2626: 2297: 2224: 2016: 1884: 1880: 1571: 1509: 1454: 1370: 1213:

which makes them believe that they have been abducted by aliens develop symptoms similar to

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motion picture not only included aliens as part of coverup conspiracies, with militias and

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are almost completely absent. Miller says he has never heard an abductee claim to have a

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Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: Alien Abduction, UFOs, and the Conference at M.I.T.

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noted that "the camera-phone age is increasing the burden of evidence on experiencers".

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With Hopkins, Jacobs and Mack, accounts of alien abduction became a prominent aspect of

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increases the burden of evidence for such claims and may be a cause for their decline.

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sees similarity between some of the aliens described by abductees and those depicted in

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against or irrespective of the will of the experiencer. Such procedures often focus on

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A culture of conspiracy – Apocalyptic visions in contemporary America

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phenomena, or simply documenting the development of the alien abduction phenomenon.

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case of 1961, culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring

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as the abductors. Instead, the child will almost always share characteristics of

885:

Various researchers have noted common points in report narratives. According to

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argued that 5–6 percent of the general population allege to have been abducted.

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believed in the credibility of alien abduction claims. Niall Boyce writing in

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Close Encounters: A Better Explanation, Involving Trauma, Terror, and Tragedy

2895: 1906: 1217:. People who believe they have been abducted by aliens usually have previous 7149: 6989: 6882: 6482: 6334: 5368: 5302: 4792: 4617: 4546: 4536: 4285: 4189: 4149: 1719:. "The Abduction Experience: A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Evidence". 1363: 1269:

Alleged abductees seek out hypnotherapists to try to resolve issues such as

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An early alien abduction claim occurred in the mid-1950s with the Brazilian

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Intensity cannot therefore not be used to judge whether a memory was true.

521:. The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the 6943: 6588: 5677: 4644: 4541: 1625: 1254: 675: 6184: 5687: 5673: 4921: 4741: 4571: 4387:

Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)

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Many alien abductees recall much of their alleged abduction(s) through

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Multiple Identities & False Memories: A Sociocognitive Perspective

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of the fourth kind" (a popular but unofficial designation building on

871:, considering it important to warn the world of such imminent danger. 6938: 5852: 4300: 3232: 3190:

Rivers, Lance (2002). "Alien abductions". In Shermer, Michael (ed.).

1876: 1872: 1238: 197: 859:, similarly to other self-reported victims of child sexual abuse or 7112: 6810: 6272: 5668: 4489: 3075:

Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens

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National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)

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Rogerson writes that the 1955 publication of Harold T. Wilkins's

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