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descent. He was the youngest of five sons. All of his brothers died in infancy. He was sick most of the time and his mother took great care of him. As per the customary practices of the Malay community of that period, he was taken care of by various individuals as it was held that a child with poor
360:
was deemed to be someone who was selfish, with no concern toward his subjects, to the extent they were treated like animals rather than humans. The idea of modernity and striving for excellence within the Malay community stemmed from his ideas and stinging criticisms of the ancient Malay polity of
320:
was the major literary work of Munshi
Abdullah. It was completed in 1843 and first published in 1849, making it one of the first Malay literary texts to be published commercially. Abdullah's authorship was prominently displayed in this text and the contents were conveyed in simple, contemporary
324:
Although the condemnation may be exaggerated, Munshi
Abdullah's allegations were not without basis. He is regarded by many to be the first Malayan journalist, taking Malay literature out of its preoccupation with folk-stories and legends into accurate historical descriptions.
269:(The story of Abdullah's voyage from Singapore to Mecca), one of Abdullah's lesser-known works, records his experiences on the journey to Mecca. There is some controversy over the exact time and location of his death, with some scholars arguing that he died in
369:, the Malays were deprived of education and hence they were easily oppressed. Without education, they did not have the ability to question the injustice meted out to them and could not take the initiative to institute changes to improve their lives.
321:
Malay. Unlike typical classical Malay literary works that contain fantasies and legendary stories, Abdullah's work was realistic. The book remains a reliable and accurate reference on early Malay history to this day.
281:
His writing career took off after a missionary, Alfred North, encouraged him to write an autobiography after reading
Abdullah's account of a voyage along the east coast of Malaya. His most important works are the
983:
189:. Munshi Abdullah has been popularly regarded as among the most cultured Malays who ever wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay letters and the father of modern Malay literature.
380:, Abdullah witnessed and criticized the dealings of the ruler's men, mentioning the lack of safety, such as daylight robberies, house robberies, stabbings and burning of houses. The
428:: slightly bent forward, spare, energetic, bronze in complexion, oval-faced, high-nosed, one eye squinting outwards a little. He dressed in the usual style of Malacca Tamils.
312:
1854). His work was an inspiration to future generations of writers and marks an early stage in the transition from classical Malay literature to modern Malay literature.
265:
shortly after his arrival in Mecca and before he could complete his pilgrimage, some time between May 8 and 18, 1854. He was 59 years old at the time of his death. The
852:
1030:
Lawrence, Kelvin. "Greed, guns and gore: Historicising early
British colonial Singapore through recent developments in the historiography of Munsyi Abdullah."
210:
immunity to diseases should be cared for by caretakers other than his or her biological parents. Munshi
Abdullah was critical of the practice, as described in
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soldiers of the
Malacca Garrison. He then taught the Malay language to British and American missionaries and businessmen. He became a functionary in the
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Munshi
Abdullah Avenue and Munshi Abdullah Walk in a residential area dubbed "Teachers' Estate" near Upper Thomson Road, Singapore.
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50:
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was detrimental to the Malay individual, as it was an impediment to the social improvement of the Malays. The Malay
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677:
Ché-Ross, Raimy (2000). "Munshi
Abdullah's Voyage to Mecca: a preliminary introduction and annotated translation".
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contained his advice to Malay rulers and comparisons he made between the
British system of governing and that of
239:
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447:, square skull cap and sandals. He had the vigour and pride of the Arab, the perseverance and subtlety of the
1167:
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J.T. Thomson, a contemporary of
Abdullah, described him thus: "In physiognomy he was a Tamilian of southern
381:
177:
Munshi Abdullah followed his father's career path as a translator and teacher of colonial officials in the
384:'s men went fully armed and started brawls with men from Malacca and only with the presence of resident
202:
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570:. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp.
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L. F. Brakel; M. Balfas; M. Taib Bin Osman; J. Gonda; B. Rangkuti; B. Lumbera; H. Kahler (1997).
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ancestry. Owing to his ethnic and religious background, the Malays would refer to him as a
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1002:"4 arca baru hiasi tepian Sungai S'pura bagi memperingati tokoh-tokoh pembangunan negara"
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885
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A statue of him was erected alongside several local Singaporean figures in
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Munshi Abdullah was born in Kampung Pali (now renamed as Kampung Ketek) in
962:. Translated by Hill, A.H. Singapore: Oxford University Press. p. 5.
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to commemorate the bicentennial establishing of modern Singapore in 2019.
140:
522:
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53:. A rare first edition, it was written between 1840 and 1843, printed by
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Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
335:
Abdullah was known as an ardent critic of the Malay political system of
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984:"Sang Nila Utama, pioneers join Stamford Raffles along Singapore River"
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World and Its Peoples: Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Brunei
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648:. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2008. p. 1218.
622:
The Indonesian language: its history and role in modern society
521:
Jalan Munshi Abdullah in the residential area of Taman Abidin,
624:. Australia: University of New South Wales Press. p. 71.
716:. Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. p. 82.
451:- in language and national sympathy only was he a Malay."
960:
The Autobiography of Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (1797-1854)
273:
in October 1854 at the age of 58, before reaching Mecca.
267:
Kisah pelayaran Abdullah dari Singapura sampai ke Mekah
593:
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791:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 143 & 144.
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841:. Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia. p. 116.
234:, followed by, in 1815, becoming translator of the
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986:. Channel NewsAsia. 6 January 2019. Archived from
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739:Cerita-cerita motivasi untuk ibadah haji dan umrah
598:Ford, R. Clyde (July 1899), "Malay Literature",
16:Malay author, translator and teacher (1796-1854)
737:Khair Abdul Salam & Zulkifli Khair (2007).
158:means "teacher" or "educator". He was a famous
294:(an account of his trip for the government to
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257:in 1854 with the intention of completing the
230:next. He became a scribe and copyist for Sir
8:
851:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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1051:
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396:Munshi Abdullah was a great-grandson of a
31:
20:
816:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 116.
714:Tradisi Pembentukan Sastera Melayu Moden
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839:Malay Literature of the 19th Century
763:"Alfred North | American missionary"
658:The Autobiography of Munshi Abdullah
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342:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan
291:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan
1407:Translators of the Bible into Malay
352:Abdullah argued that the system of
136:
1032:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
958:bin Abdul Kadir, Abdullah (1986).
895:Raffles of Singapore – A Biography
476:Jalan Munshi Abdullah in downtown
14:
372:After meeting and then following
301:Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah
741:. Pts publications. p. 86.
503:Jalan Munshi Abdullah (formerly
388:was further bloodshed avoided.
562:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010).
96:Author, translator and teacher
1:
925:Encyclopedia of Asian History
679:Indonesia and the Malay World
51:National Library of Singapore
49:, from the collection of the
507:) in the historical core of
142:'Abd Allāh bin 'Abd al-Qādir
80:1854 (aged 57–58)
1412:Indian diaspora in Malaysia
897:. READ BOOKS. p. 124.
789:Literaturen (Asian Studies)
378:newly established Singapore
141:
129:Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir
1428:
1397:People from British Malaya
564:"Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir"
244:American Board of Missions
242:. He also worked with the
872:. NUS Press. p. 63.
620:James N. Sneddon (2003).
486:Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman
407:and to a smaller extent,
240:London Missionary Society
214:. He became a teacher or
166:of Singapore and died in
30:
1387:19th-century translators
866:Trocki, Carl A. (2007).
513:Malaysia Federal Route 5
339:("kingship"). His work,
66:Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
57:, and published in 1849.
1168:Malachi Edwin Vethamani
767:Encyclopedia Britannica
600:Popular Science Monthly
568:Encyclopædia Britannica
261:pilgrimage. He died of
238:and other text for the
837:Siti 68-517-5 (2010).
471:Places named after him
249:Abdullah set sail for
137:عبد الله بن عبد القادر
1034:50.4 (2019): 507-520.
919:Ainslie Thomas Embree
812:Keat Gin Ooi (2004).
712:A. Wahab Ali (2004).
492:. This road connects
403:trader, and also had
1331:Shirley Geok-Lin Lim
1193:Ramlee Awang Murshid
1093:Abdullah Abdul Kadir
931:Macmillan Publishers
376:from Malacca to the
304:(a narrative of his
288:(an autobiography),
218:, first by teaching
25:Abdullah Abdul Kadir
1402:People from Malacca
1208:Syed Hussein Alatas
893:Emily Hahn (2007).
527:George Town, Penang
228:Straits Settlements
121:Early Malay history
1336:Siti Zainon Ismail
990:on 4 January 2019.
201:, from parents of
1364:
1363:
1074:Malaysian writers
944:978-0-684-18619-1
904:978-1-4067-4810-9
879:978-9971-69-376-3
823:978-1-57607-770-2
798:978-90-04-04331-2
748:978-983-3372-46-1
723:978-983-2620-32-7
691:10.1080/713672763
631:978-0-86840-598-8
581:978-1-59339-837-8
179:Malay Archipelago
154:writer. The term
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1316:Ruhaini Matdarin
1306:Preeta Samarasan
1266:Che Husna Azhari
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1281:Fatimah Busu
1213:Tan Twan Eng
1092:
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1081:Male writers
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1010:. Retrieved
1004:(in Malay).
996:
988:the original
978:
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770:. Retrieved
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490:Masjid Jamek
478:Kuala Lumpur
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405:Indian Tamil
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365:. Under the
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104:19th century
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18:
1382:1854 deaths
1377:1796 births
1326:Shih-Li Kow
1321:Salmi Manja
1286:Hanna Alkaf
1256:Adibah Amin
1228:Usman Awang
1223:Tunku Halim
1148:K.S. Maniam
1143:Kevin Nyiau
933:. pp.
685:(81): 182.
112:Non-fiction
55:lithography
47:Jawi script
41:written in
1371:Categories
1276:Dina Zaman
1108:Arena Wati
534:References
525:district,
511:, part of
484:ward near
482:Dang Wangi
441:, printed
419:Jawi Pekan
382:Temenggong
306:pilgrimage
93:Occupation
1346:Wani Ardy
1291:Julya Oui
1138:Keris Mas
1012:11 August
847:cite book
772:7 October
699:162579224
606:: 379–381
480:, in the
463:near the
426:Hindustan
392:Ethnicity
255:Singapore
1183:Pak Sako
921:(1988).
523:Jelutong
435:, check
398:Hadhrami
367:Kerajaan
363:Kerajaan
354:Kerajaan
337:Kerajaan
330:Kerajaan
296:Kelantan
185:and the
150:, was a
1351:Zen Cho
1218:Tash Aw
374:Raffles
298:), and
263:cholera
236:Gospels
222:to the
183:British
160:Malacca
152:Malayan
117:Subject
71:Malacca
45:in the
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509:Melaka
455:Legacy
449:Hindoo
438:sarong
433:seluar
430:Acheen
358:Sultan
271:Jeddah
224:Indian
216:munshi
207:Yemeni
168:Jeddah
164:munshi
162:-born
156:Munshi
133:Arabic
101:Period
83:Jeddah
695:S2CID
409:Malay
310:Mecca
277:Works
253:from
251:Mecca
220:Malay
203:Tamil
187:Dutch
109:Genre
43:Malay
1014:2020
964:ISBN
939:ISBN
899:ISBN
874:ISBN
853:link
818:ISBN
793:ISBN
774:2019
743:ISBN
718:ISBN
626:ISBN
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488:and
444:baju
401:Arab
361:the
259:Hajj
205:and
193:Life
77:Died
68:1796
63:Born
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