377:
25:
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121:, exciting the molecules. Other photons are scattered (not shown here) or transmitted unaffected; if the radiation is in the visible region (400–700 nm), the transmitted light appears as the complementary color (here red). By recording the
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325:
All these quantities measure, at least to some extent, how well a medium absorbs radiation. Which among them practitioners use varies by field and technique, often due simply to the convention.
404:
467:, sunglasses, colored filters, dyes, and other such materials are designed specifically with respect to which visible wavelengths they absorb, and in what proportions they are in.
356:, where a sample is illuminated from one side, and the intensity of the light that exits from the sample in every direction is measured. A few examples of absorption are
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In scientific literature is known a system of mirrors and lenses that with a laser "can enable any material to absorb all light from a wide range of angles."
307:
703:
460:, different materials and molecules absorb radiation to different extents at different frequencies, which allows for material identification.
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46:
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In nuclear physics, absorption of nuclear radiations can be used for measuring the fluid levels, densitometry or thickness measurements.
775:
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M. Falahati; et al. (2018). "Design, modelling and construction of a continuous nuclear gauge for measuring the fluid levels".
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Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (
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33:
474:, photosynthetic organisms require that light of the appropriate wavelengths be absorbed within the active area of
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is known to significantly absorb radio signals that fall within the high-frequency electromagnetic spectrum.
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Optical
Propagation in Linear Media: Atmospheric Gases and Particles, Solid-State Components, and Water
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Understanding and measuring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation has a variety of applications.
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Precise measurements of the absorbance at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via
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240:
239:(also called "molar absorptivity"), which is the absorption coefficient divided by molarity (see also
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250:(also called "mass extinction coefficient"), which is the absorption coefficient divided by density
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Many approaches can potentially quantify radiation absorption, with key examples following.
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of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (instead of being
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The absorption coefficient along with some closely related derived quantities
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384:(or opacity) to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including
232:(NB used infrequently with meaning synonymous with "absorption coefficient")
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Physical process by which matter takes up a photon's energy and stores it
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are indicated by the yellow dotted lines). Upon striking the sample,
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A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is
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690:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 3... (Chapter 1, 2, 7).
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of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the
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ProfHoff, Ken
Mellendorf; Vince Calder (November 2010).
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are absorbed to different extents by different tissues (
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computation of radio wave attenuation in the atmosphere
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Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)
267:, which is equivalent to the attenuation coefficient
668:"Anti-laser enables near-perfect light absorption"
589:
270:Other measures of radiation absorption, including
89:. This example shows the general principle using
8:
117:present (green light in this example) are
591:"Absorption of electromagnetic radiation"
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
588:Baird, Christopher S. (September 2019).
32:This article includes a list of general
580:
445:in particular), which is the basis for
308:electrical resistivity and conductivity
101:— is focused on a sample (the pairs of
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125:of light for various wavelengths, an
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317:(also called "optical density") and
217:Mathematical descriptions of opacity
684:Thomas, Michael E. (January 2006).
529:Electromagnetic absorption by water
426:) and land and ocean surfaces (see
486:within sugars and other molecules.
380:Rough plot of Earth's atmospheric
207:(or nonlinear absorption) occurs.
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
739:Physics Archive - Ask a scientist
321:(also called "optical thickness")
569:Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
358:ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
23:
93:as a specific example. A white
646:10.1088/1748-0221/13/02/P02028
407:used in satellite link design.
173:of the absorber (for example,
1:
564:Total absorption spectroscopy
482:energy can be converted into
401:non-line-of-sight propagation
366:X-ray absorption spectroscopy
237:Molar attenuation coefficient
97:— emitting light of multiple
85:An overview of absorption of
313:Related measures, including
248:mass attenuation coefficient
743:Argonne National Laboratory
735:"Reflection and Absorption"
304:complex dielectric constant
809:
626:Journal of Instrumentation
493:, the D-region of Earth's
214:
776:Electromagnetic radiation
265:"Extinction" in astronomy
143:electromagnetic radiation
87:electromagnetic radiation
604:10.1036/1097-8542.001600
296:complex refractive index
259:scattering cross-section
255:absorption cross section
534:Hydroxyl ion absorption
514:Absorption spectroscopy
399:, it is represented in
354:absorption spectroscopy
230:attenuation coefficient
53:more precise citations.
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300:extinction coefficient
211:Quantifying absorption
167:electromagnetic energy
130:
379:
362:infrared spectroscopy
84:
544:Photoelectric effect
329:Measuring absorption
284:attenuation constant
280:propagation constant
205:saturable absorption
196:through the medium.
165:— and so transforms
103:complementary colors
696:2006oplm.book.....T
638:2018JInst..13P2028F
403:. For example, see
127:absorption spectrum
674:. August 31, 2022.
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131:
705:978-0-19-509161-8
458:materials science
424:greenhouse effect
420:atmospheric gases
397:radio propagation
272:penetration depth
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347:Beer–Lambert law
241:Beer–Lambert law
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171:internal energy
109:that match the
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288:phase constant
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215:Main article:
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175:thermal energy
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59:November 2010
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791:Spectroscopy
751:. Retrieved
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632:(2): 02028.
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607:. Retrieved
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476:chloroplasts
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372:Applications
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95:light source
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524:Attenuation
416:climatology
412:meteorology
276:skin effect
190:light waves
182:attenuation
149:(typically
123:attenuation
99:wavelengths
51:introducing
765:Categories
753:2010-11-14
575:References
554:Solar cell
495:ionosphere
335:absorbance
315:absorbance
292:wavenumber
139:absorption
111:energy gap
34:references
786:Radiation
724:ignored (
714:cite book
654:125779702
454:chemistry
343:refracted
339:reflected
194:propagate
186:intensity
153:bound in
151:electrons
115:molecules
508:See also
435:medicine
192:as they
119:absorbed
692:Bibcode
634:Bibcode
609:17 June
491:physics
472:biology
145:is how
135:physics
113:of the
107:photons
47:improve
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519:Albedo
465:optics
439:X-rays
428:albedo
364:, and
201:optics
163:energy
159:photon
147:matter
36:, but
650:S2CID
480:light
169:into
155:atoms
726:help
700:ISBN
611:2023
456:and
443:bone
414:and
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274:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
