45:
208:
443:
188:. Phillip Guston's rise within artistic and social spheres in the mid 1950s was a determining factor in the development and profiling of abstract impressionism. His paintings were considered by Finkelstein to be simultaneously extensions of Abstract Expressionism and also oppositions of, or alternatives to, the aggressiveness of Abstract Expressionism.
493:. Traditional Impressionist work, in its reflection of reality, often used gentle, bright, and complementary colours to mirror the outdoor setting and light sources. Abstract impressionists, however, "did not hesitate to apply innovative techniques to their painting, considered revolutionary at the time".
457:
Like
Impressionism, the artworks feature short brushstrokes with paint āloadedā onto the painting instrument. This technique involves piling paint onto an art tool, such as a brush or a palette knife, and layering the paint onto the canvas or paper to create a multi-layered and textured effect- or,
377:
A further issue has been the widely varying degrees of abstraction in the movement, that may make visual uniformity difficult. Bowness notes that he finds it difficult to comprehend any unity between the artworks, and concludes that there is no movement that could rightfully claim all of them.
311:
movements of the early 1900s and the 1860s respectively. Additionally, abstract impressionists were unwilling to subscribe to the rationality and mathematic precision of Cubism. They rejected the idea of creating an image out of divided parts, and instead sought to create a mass of colour and
195:. He believed and purported that emerging forms of artmaking provided a unique opportunity to redefine and re-evaluate a series of artists who, despite being raised around the ideals and norms of Abstract Expressionism, were moving more towards reinvigorating the ideals of the traditional
358:(a highly regarded art critic and historian) described abstract impressionism as "just another 'ism", without "the catalogue for the adoption of this new term very convincing". The main point of contention regards a difficulty separating the movement from other art periods, such as
291:
Both the exhibition and the movement in general were considered by many to highlight a distinct differentiation from preceding movements, despite some critics, like Alan
Bowness, arguing the works of the movement were not differentiated enough from previous works.
137:
an artistic style involving painting outside with the landscape directly in front of the artist. The movement works delicately between the lines of pure abstraction (the extent of which varies greatly) and the allowance of an impression of reality in the painting.
425:
The style of abstract impressionism focusses on the portrayal of real life subjects- typically situated close to the artist themselves- through simplification and abstraction. This creates a work of art that lends itself towards the traditions of both
353:
Abstract impressionism has been criticised for its legitimacy, and its inability to distinguish itself from other movements, by many art critics. After one of its early exhibitions at the Arts
Gallery Council in St. James Square,
476:
painting is an artistic style involving painting outdoors, with the landscape or subject directly in front of the artist. This technique is used primarily by
Impressionists. However, abstract impression deviates from traditional
417:- are simultaneously considered to be members of other more widely recognised movements, such as Abstract Expressionism, whether by their own definition or the labelling of other art critics.
434:
movements. The amount of abstraction varies greatly from painting to painting, which has been seen as a point of controversy in the movement as it disallows visual conformity between works.
207:
226:
Lawrence
Alloway's exhibition, the first of its kind for abstract impressionism, featured 26 paintings by 23 artists. The idea for the exhibition came from the Fine Art Department of the
295:
Despite this controversy, abstract impressionism has been considered an ideological opposition to the other post-war movements of the era- specifically its growing countermovements,
372:"particular qualities these pictures have in common, qualities that differentiate them from other paintings of a roughly similar type... the result is all together inconclusive"
303:. Whilst Futurism focussed on rejecting the art of the past, abstract impressionism sought to incorporate techniques from numerous movements before it. This included both the
122:
is an art movement that originated in New York City, in the 1940s. It involves the painting of a subject such as real-life scenes, objects, or people (portraits) in an
191:
After applying the term to Guston, Finkelstein continued to use "abstract impressionism" to describe new artworks and artistic practices in the 1950s, in
322:
In terms of distinguishing themselves from traditional
Impressionist works, abstract impressionists deviate in a way that Elaine de Kooning describes as
386:
Another element of controversy within abstract impressionism comes in attempting to categorise its style within other movements. Art historians
169:
in the 1950s. The introduction of this term and the associated artworks both preceded and legitimised its first exhibition in 1958, curated by
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44:
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debate over two places in which abstract impressionism may fit. They conclude to be unsure of whether it is a further development of
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Abstract impressionists paintings have been described to resemble late-Impressionist pictures in their technique, like those of
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artworks as the level of exactness or realism in the painting is seen to be less important than overall atmospheric effect.
219:
489:
Abstract impressionists have been described to be largely inspired by modern advances in and changing attitudes towards
506:
As aforementioned, notable artists and artworks of this movement are subject to controversy and possible subjectivity.
324:ākeep the Impressionist manner of looking at a scene, but out the sceneā¦ thereby giving an old style a new subjectā
177:
719:
453:, 1873. Demonstrates the Impressionist technique of "loading" paint onto the canvas to create a layered impact.
326:. Simply put, they add abstraction onto Impressionism and take away the reliance on specificity and exactness.
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The term, after being coined by Elaine de
Kooning, is considered to have been popularised by artist and critic
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398:, or if it is perhaps more related to the period of Bloomsbury Abstraction within the Abstract movement.
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The first abstract impressionist exhibition, curated by
Lawrence Alloway, took place in London.
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Art historian and critic Alan
Bowness, in his critique of the first exhibition, also mentions
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The following is a comprehensive list of artists who have been associated with the movement.
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Abstract impressionist style also relies largely on the painting embracing the concept of
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Additionally, many artists that the abstract impressionist movement has claimed- such as
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Abstract impressionism has been considered a result from an artist deviation from the
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Elaine and Bill, Portrait of a
Marriage: The Lives of Willem and Elaine de Kooning
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465:, but without the representative content that usually defines Impressionism.
1275:
Webster, J. Carson (1944). "The Technique of Impressionism: A Reappraisal".
391:
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1252:
The Art of Impressionism: Painting Technique & The Making of Modernity
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734:
550:'s presence, and confirmed Sam Francis and Nicolas de Staƫl to be there.
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The Chronicle of Impressionism: A Timeline History of Impressionist Art
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184:, in order to distinguish his art from that of the growing field of
230:, and took place at the Arts Council Gallery in St. James' Square.
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441:
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1910-1920 The Birth of Abstract Art: A History of Modern Art
1003:
Seitz, William (1956-10-01). "Monet and Abstract Painting".
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The New York School: Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties
1239:. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. pp. 85ā95.
1105:"Futurism | Definition, Manifesto, Artists, & Facts"
1187:
The Spirit of Abstract Expressionism: Selected Writings
1051:
Bowness, Alan (1958-06-15). "Abstract Impressionism?".
1454:"'Azalea Garden : May 1956', Patrick Heron, 1956"
312:
imagery, that would only be recognisable as a whole.
126:style, but with an emphasis on varying measures of
107:
81:
66:
58:
53:, a traditionally abstract impressionist technique
1083:. Great Britain: Studio Vista. pp. 93ā108.
1079:Watney, Simon (1980). "Bloomsbury Abstraction".
937:Morris Louis: The Museum of Modern Art, New York
880:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 29.
802:Chilvers, Ian (2004). "Abstract Impressionism".
218:, oil on canvas, 114 x 145 cm (44.9 by 57 in.),
1254:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 5.
317:āexpressionistic aggressiveness of the fortiesā
265:to be participating artists in the exhibition.
1237:American Abstract Expressionists and Imagists
849:Hong Kong: Eduard Malingue Gallery, 2011. 10.
516:lists the following artists as its subjects:
8:
37:
1404:"'Landscape Study', Nicolas de Stael, 1952"
1189:. New York: George Braziller. p. 62.
165:has been attributed to painter and critic
43:
36:
370:. Bowness says that in trying to discern
245:, with their various works prefaced by a
1429:"'Before the Event', Harold Cohen, 1963"
935:Elderfield, John; Louis, Morris (1986).
804:The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists
206:
1379:"'In That Moment', Bernard Cohen, 1965"
1354:"Abstract Impressionism in Photography"
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1214:. New York: Phaidon Press. p. 4.
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806:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
130:. The paintings are often painted
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939:. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
485:Deviations from similar movements
253:, a critic of the show, recalled
878:Techniques of the Impressionists
698:Related art styles and movements
233:The artists featured were from
1289:10.1080/15436322.1944.10795065
1053:The Observer: At the Galleries
1:
1164:. Oxford: Heinemann Library.
220:Museum of Fine Arts of Rennes
977:. Colorado: Westview Press.
847:Impressionism to Modern Art.
511:The Oxford Dictionary of Art
497:Notable artists and artworks
249:written by Alloway himself.
1306:. New York: Phaidon Press.
1185:De Kooning, Elaine (1955).
1510:
1139:. Boston: Bulfinch Press.
1081:English Post-Impressionism
1011:: 34ā46 – via JSTOR.
845:Eduoard Malingue Gallery.
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272:
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150:
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720:American Abstract Artists
180:to describe the works of
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1135:Denvir, Bernard (1993).
973:Sandler, Irving (1979).
382:Categorisation criticism
228:University of Nottingham
161:The coining of the term
30:Not to be confused with
1109:Encyclopedia Britannica
521:Bernard Cohen (painter)
1352:Reque, Julius (2009).
1250:Callen, Anthe (2000).
876:Callen, Anthe (2000).
715:Abstract Expressionism
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360:abstract expressionism
336:Abstract expressionism
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197:Impressionist movement
186:Abstract Expressionism
163:abstract impressionism
153:Abstract expressionism
120:Abstract impressionism
38:Abstract impressionism
32:Abstract expressionism
18:Abstract impressionist
1327:Francis, Sam (1954).
1302:Gooding, Mel (1994).
1210:Gooding, Mel (1994).
1160:Gaff, Jackie (2000).
760:Representation (arts)
637:Bradley Walker Tomlin
579:Richard Pousette-Dart
526:Harold Cohen (artist)
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210:
1235:Solomon, R. (1961).
203:Alloway's exhibition
1277:College Art Journal
1005:College Art Journal
755:Lyrical Abstraction
740:History of Painting
438:Painting techniques
364:lyrical abstraction
349:Stylistic criticism
340:Lyrical abstraction
247:"lengthy catalogue"
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910:Hall, Lee (2000).
672:Nicolas de Staƫl:
584:Jean-Paul Riopelle
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396:Post-Impressionism
368:Post-Impressionism
344:Post-Impressionism
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212:Jean-Paul Riopelle
1333:Guggenheim Museum
705:Abstraction (art)
676:(Landscape Study)
602:Willem de Kooning
458:an "impression".
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178:Louis Finkelstein
167:Elaine de Kooning
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