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about man. We know what he makes, but we do not know what he is or what to expect of him. Is it not conceivable that our entire civilization is built upon a misinterpretation of man? Or that the tragedy of man is due to the fact that he is a being who has forgotten the question: Who is Man? The failure to identify himself, to know what is authentic human existence, leads him to assume a false identity, to pretend to be what he is unable to be or to not accepting what is at the very root of his being. Ignorance about man is not lack of knowledge, but false knowledge.”
821:, and what it means for one to be a prophet. This section gives us his idea of revelation as an event, as opposed to a process. This relates to Israel's commitment to God. Section three discusses his views of how a Jew should understand the nature of Judaism as a religion. He discusses and rejects the idea that mere faith (without law) alone is enough, but then cautions against rabbis he sees as adding too many restrictions to Jewish law. He discusses the need to correlate ritual observance with spirituality and love, the importance of
793:, the Jewish Sabbath. It is rooted in the thesis that Judaism is a religion of time, not space, and that the Sabbath symbolizes the sanctification of time. Heschel wrote that "Technical civilization is man's conquest of space. It is a triumph frequently achieved by sacrificing an essential ingredient of existence, namely, time." And that "To enhance our power in the world of space is our main objective" while warning that "We have often suffered from degradation by poverty, now we are threatened with degradation through power."
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813:. In this book Heschel discusses the nature of religious thought, how thought becomes faith, and how faith creates responses in the believer. He discusses ways that people can seek God's presence, and the radical amazement that we receive in return. He offers a criticism of nature worship; a study of humanity's metaphysical loneliness, and his view that we can consider God to be in search of humanity. The first section concludes with a study of
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848:, Abraham Joshua Heschel describes the unique aspect of the Jewish prophets as compared to other similar figures. Whereas other nations have soothsayers and diviners who attempt to discover the will of their gods, according to Heschel the Hebrew prophets are characterized by their experience of what he calls theotropism—God turning towards humanity. Heschel argues for the view of Hebrew prophets as receivers of the "Divine
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experiencing the presence of the Divine. Heschel then goes on to explore the problems of doubts and faith; what
Judaism means by teaching that God is one; the essence of humanity and the problem of human needs; the definition of religion in general and of Judaism in particular; and human yearning for spirituality. He offers his views as to Judaism being a pattern for life.
438:. According to some scholars, he was more interested in spirituality than in critical text study; the latter was a specialty of many scholars at JTS. He was not given a graduate assistant for many years and he was mainly relegated to teach in the education school or the Rabbinical school, not in the academic graduate program. Heschel became friendly with his colleague
919:, and the third Hebrew volume was published posthumously by JTS Press in the 1990s. A new edition, including an expanded third volume, due to manuscripts which were found and edited by Dr. Dror Bondi, was published by Magid Press in 2021. An English translation of all three volumes, with notes, essays and appendices, was translated and edited by Rabbi
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982:, and it even exists in modern times. Heschel's work on prophetic inspiration in the Middle Ages originally appeared in two long Hebrew articles. In them, he concentrated on the idea that prophetic inspiration was even possible in post-Talmudic times, and, indeed, it had taken place at various schools in various times, from the
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work, and discusses their psychological state. In it
Heschel puts forward what would become a central idea in his theology: that the prophetic (and, ultimately, Jewish) view of God is best understood not as anthropomorphic (that God takes human form) but rather as anthropopathic—that God has human feelings.
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in May 1963, Dr. Heschel inquires into the logic of being human: What is meant by being human? What are the grounds on which to justify a human being's claim to being human? In the author's words, “We have never been as openmouthed and inquisitive, never as astonished and embarrassed at our ignorance
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who saw kabbalah as reflecting the influence of non-Jewish thought. While
Scholem's school focused on the metaphysics and history of kabbalistic thought, Heschel focused on kabbalistic descriptions of the human religious experience. In recent years, a growing body of kabbalah scholarship has followed
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This work started out as his PhD thesis in German, which he later expanded and translated into
English. Originally published in a two-volume edition, this work studies the books of the Hebrew prophets. It covers their lives and the historical context that their missions were set in, summarizes their
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offers
Heschel's views on how people can comprehend God. Judaism views God as being radically different from humans, so Heschel explores the ways that Judaism teaches that a person may have an encounter with the ineffable. A recurring theme in this work is the radical amazement that people feel when
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The publisher of this book states, "The standard Jewish view is that prophecy ended with the ancient prophets, somewhere early in the Second Temple era. Heschel demonstrated that this view is not altogether accurate. Belief in the possibility of continued prophetic inspiration, and belief in its
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to eliminate or modify passages in its liturgy which demeaned the Jews, or referred to an expected conversion of the Jews to
Christianity. His theological works argued that religious experience is a fundamentally human impulse, not just a Jewish one. He believed that no religious community could
364:. He never returned to Germany, Austria or Poland. He once wrote, "If I should go to Poland or Germany, every stone, every tree would remind me of contempt, hatred, murder, of children killed, of mothers burned alive, of human beings asphyxiated."
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Prophecy is the voice that God has lent to the silent agony, a voice to the plundered poor, to the profane riches of the world. It is a form of living, a crossing point of God and man. God is raging in the prophet's
852:", of the wrath and sorrow of God over his nation that has forsaken him. In this view, prophets do not speak for God so much as they remind their audience of God's voice for the voiceless, the poor and oppressed.
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904:, the revelation of God to mankind, prophecy, and the ways that Jews have used scriptural exegesis to expand and understand these core Jewish texts. In this work, Heschel views the 2nd century sages
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area Neo-Nazi group who cleaned the stretch of highway as part of an "Adopt-A-Highway" program. Heschel's daughter, Susannah, has objected to the adoption of her father's name in this context.
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He also criticized what he specifically called "pan-halakhism", or an exclusive focus upon religiously compatible behavior to the neglect of the non-legalistic dimension of rabbinic tradition.
927:. In its own right it can be the subject of intense study and analysis, and provides insight into the relationship between God and Man beyond the world of Judaism and for all Monotheism.
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Abraham Joshua
Heschel was born in Warsaw in 1907, the youngest of six children of Moshe Mordechai Heschel and Reizel Perlow Heschel. He was descended from preeminent European
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Heschel discusses the nature and role of man. In these three lectures, originally delivered in somewhat different form as The
Raymond Fred West Memorial Lectures at
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as an outgrowth of classical rabbinic sources which describe God's dependence on man to implement the divine plan for the world. This contrasts with scholars like
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829:. He engages in a discussion of religious behaviorism—when people strive for external compliance with the law, yet disregard the importance of inner devotion.
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741:. . 2 v. (694 p.) Tel-Aviv: ha-Menorah, 1973. Added t.p.: Kotzk: the struggle for integrity (A Hebrew translation of vol. 1, Jerusalem: Magid, 2015).
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Five schools have been named for
Heschel, in Buenos Aires, Argentina the rabbinical School of the Seminario Rabinico Latinoamericano, the
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called
Heschel "a truly great prophet." Heschel actively participated in the Civil Rights movement, and was a participant in the third
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inaugurated the Abraham J. Heschel Center for Catholic-Jewish Relations, attended by Catholic and Jewish figures, including Rabbi
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475:" school in which God is independent and unchangeable. In Heschel's language, the "Maimonidean" perspective is associated with
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483:; according to Heschel neither perspective should be adopted in isolation, but rather both are interwoven with the other.
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Reuven Kimelman, "Abraham Joshua Heschel's Theology of Judaism and the Rewriting of Jewish Intellectual History",
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1040:, Canada. In 2009, a highway in Missouri was named "Dr. Abraham Joshua Heschel Highway" to subvert the plans of a
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Heschel's emphasis on the mystical experience of kabbalah and on its continuity with earlier Jewish sources.
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in 1916 when Abraham was nine. He was tutored by a Gerrer Hasid who introduced him to the thought of Rabbi
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Heschel married Sylvia Straus, a concert pianist, on December 10, 1946, in Los Angeles. Their daughter,
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Heschel arrived in New York City in March 1940. He soon left for Cincinnati, serving on the faculty of
880:) to be his masterwork. The three volumes of this work are a study of classical rabbinic theology and
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were a clarion call for social action in the United States and inspired by this belief, he worked for
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until his death in 1972. At the time of his death, Heschel lived near JTS at 425 Riverside Drive in
263:. His siblings were Sarah, Dvora Miriam, Esther Sima, Gittel, and Jacob. Their father Moshe died of
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718:. . 2 vols. London: Soncino Press, 1962. Third volume, New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1995.
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1391:"Theological Affinities in the Writings of Abraham Joshua Heschel and Martin Luther King, Jr."
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This article is about the Polish-born American philosopher. For the Polish Hasidic rabbi, see
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in present-day Poland. His mother was also a descendant of Avraham Yehoshua Heshel and other
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422:(4th from right). Heschel later wrote, "When I marched in Selma, my feet were praying."
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Heschel's sister Esther was killed in a German bombing. His mother was murdered by the
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In late October 1938, while living in a rented room in the home of a Jewish family in
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on both sides of his family. His paternal great-great-grandfather and namesake was
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theologians and Jewish philosophers of the 20th century. Heschel, a professor of
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Heschel is a widely read Jewish theologian whose most influential works include
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Heschel explicated many facets of Jewish thought, including studies on medieval
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1568:"Inauguration of the Heschel Center for Catholic-Jewish Relations - October 17"
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poetry group, Jung Vilna, and in 1933, published a volume of Yiddish poems,
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1016:; the school's adjoining building at 20 West End is partly visible at right
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1675:, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.
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edited by Steven T. Katz, p.132, B'nai B'rith Books, Washington D.C. 1993
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Heschel is notable as a recent proponent of what one scholar calls the "
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Heschel's role in Vatican II and his advocacy of interreligious respect
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Duke to Acquire Papers of Rabbi Heschel, Influential Religious Leader
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The Earth Is the Lord's: The Inner World of the Jew in Eastern Europe
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claim a monopoly on religious truth. For these and other reasons,
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212:(January 11, 1907 – December 23, 1972) was a Polish-American
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as paradigms for the two dominant world-views in Jewish theology
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Spiritual Radical: Abraham Joshua Heschel in America, 1940–1972
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Spiritual Radical: Abraham Joshua Heschel in America, 1940–1972
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Prophetic Inspiration After the Prophets: Maimonides and Others
507:
Heschel, left, presenting the Judaism and World Peace Award to
341:
at Warsaw's Institute for Jewish Studies. Six weeks before the
1612:"The Encyclopedia of Hasidism" edited by Rabinowicz, Tzvi M.:
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in the Jewish Thought category for Israel: An Echo of Eternity
306:. His mentor in Berlin was David Koigen. Heschel later taught
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The Heschel Center for Environmental Learning and Leadership
1505:"Daughter Against Use of Father's Name to Subvert Neo-Nazis"
1762:
Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion faculty
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education and studying for Orthodox rabbinical ordination (
1130:"A Rabbi of His Time, With a Charisma That Transcends It."
1543:"Pope Francis welcomes opening of Jewish-Catholic center"
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Two Hebrew volumes were published during his lifetime by
888:(Jewish law). It explores the views of the rabbis in the
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Abraham Joshua Heschel: Prophetic Witness, Edward Kaplan
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
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Interpreters of Judaism in the Late Twentieth Century,
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has welcomed the establishment of the Heschel Center.
759:). 45 p. Originally published: New-York: Shoken, 1946.
360:, and two other sisters, Gittel and Devorah, died in
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Hochschule fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums alumni
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Heavenly Torah: As Refracted Through the Generations
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Heavenly Torah: As Refracted Through the Generations
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Man's Quest for God: Studies in Prayer and Symbolism
290:. There he studied under notable scholars including
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954:Heschel wrote a series of articles, originally in
878:Torah from Heaven in the mirror of the generations
713:Torah min ha-shamayim be'aspaklariya shel ha-dorot
345:, Heschel fled Warsaw for London with the help of
286:and rabbinic ordination at the non-denominational
23:. For the 17th-century chief rabbi of Krakow, see
978:actual occurrence existed throughout much of the
1332:https://doi.org/10.1163/105369909X12506863090512
874:Torah min HaShamayim BeAspaklariya shel HaDorot
857:
1777:Jewish Theological Seminary of America faculty
1624:Kaplan, Edward K.; Samuel H. Dresner (1998).
1049:Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
806:God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism
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619:God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism
288:Hochschule fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums
8:
962:in 70 CE. These essays were translated into
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402:, became a Jewish scholar in her own right.
228:, authored a number of widely read books on
1732:Activists for African-American civil rights
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789:is a work on the nature and celebration of
445:Heschel believed that the teachings of the
1832:Participants in the Second Vatican Council
1689:Arnold Jacob Wolf Review of Heavenly Torah
1673:Guide to the Abraham Joshua Heschel Papers
1060:John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
772:Man Is Not Alone: A Philosophy of Religion
579:Man Is Not Alone: A Philosophy of Religion
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16:Polish-American Conservative Judaism Rabbi
1694:David Blumenthal review of Heavenly Torah
1626:Abraham Joshua Heschel: Prophetic Witness
1596:Abraham Joshua Heschel: Prophetic Witness
1219:McFadden, Robert D. (December 24, 1972).
685:I asked for Wonder: A spiritual anthology
1445:. Perspectiva Publishing. p. 1333.
1360:Prophetic Inspiration after the Prophets
1328:Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy
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1145:Robert D. McFadden (December 24, 1972).
948:Prophetic Inspiration After the Prophets
479:and the "Nachmanidean" perspective with
282:), Heschel pursued his doctorate at the
1115:"The Legacy of Abraham Joshua Heschel."
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787:The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man
592:The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man
383:. He remained with JTS as professor of
377:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
226:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
1847:Jewish American anti-racism activists
1802:Polish emigrants to the United States
1377:Conservative Judaism: The New Century
817:. Section two deals with the idea of
722:The Ineffable Name of God: Man: Poems
7:
1767:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1857:American anti–Vietnam War activists
1837:Jewish American non-fiction writers
1684:Alan Brill Review of Heavenly Torah
1221:"Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel Dead"
1147:"Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel Dead"
333:. He spent ten months lecturing on
178:Higher Institute for Jewish Studies
1872:20th-century American philosophers
1271:Dreier, Peter (January 17, 2015).
970:by the American Judaica publisher
14:
1867:African American–Jewish relations
1752:American male non-fiction writers
1503:Cooper, Michael (June 23, 2009).
1379:. Behrman House Inc. p. 163.
1047:Heschel's papers are held in the
1882:20th-century Polish philosophers
1602:, biography by Edward K. Kaplan
1080:
737:Kotsk: in gerangl far emesdikeyt
414:Heschel (2nd from right) in the
1253:Interview with Susannah Heschel
310:at the Hochschule. He joined a
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1852:American anti-racism activists
1531:, Duke University, August 2012
1298:"Beyond the Letter of the Law"
329:and deported to Poland in the
325:, Heschel was arrested by the
316:Der Shem Hamefoyrosh: Mentsch,
1:
1012:building at 30 West End Ave,
716:; Theology of Ancient Judaism
1877:20th-century American rabbis
1737:American Conservative rabbis
825:(intention) when performing
747:Der mizrekh-Eyropeyisher Yid
552:, accompanying Dr. King and
379:(JTS), the main seminary of
371:(HUC), the main seminary of
1812:Selma to Montgomery marches
1747:American Jewish theologians
1182:September 26, 2007, at the
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659:Israel: An Echo of Eternity
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1704:November 16, 2017, at the
1643:Kaplan, Edward K. (2007).
1620:Jason Aronson, Inc., 1996.
1302:American Jewish University
1000:National Jewish Book Award
457:and spoke out against the
302:, Alexander Guttmann, and
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1827:American poets in Yiddish
1699:About Rabbi A. J. Heschel
1651:. Yale University Press.
1628:. Yale University Press.
1407:"Heschel Selected Photos"
1273:"'Selma's' Missing Rabbi"
809:is a companion volume to
550:Selma to Montgomery march
535:, as a representative of
499:Influence outside Judaism
343:German invasion of Poland
318:dedicated to his father.
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1797:Philosophers of religion
1194:Abraham Joshua Heschel,
1135:. Accessed May 25, 2014.
1120:. Accessed May 25, 2014.
1030:Agoura Hills, California
994:Awards and commemoration
872:Many consider Heschel's
757:The Eastern European Jew
539:, Heschel persuaded the
416:Selma Civil Rights march
362:Nazi concentration camps
269:Menachem Mendel of Kotzk
232:and was a leader in the
25:Avraham Yehoshua Heschel
1792:Philosophers of Judaism
1394:The Rabbinical Assembly
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1096:List of peace activists
815:Jews as a chosen people
253:Avraham Yehoshua Heshel
216:and one of the leading
203:Theologian, philosopher
190:Theologian, philosopher
21:Avraham Yehoshua Heshel
1782:Rabbis from Cincinnati
1442:The Matter with Things
1177:Abraham Joshua Heschel
1026:Northridge, California
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546:Martin Luther King Jr.
533:Second Vatican Council
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36:Abraham Joshua Heschel
1822:Jewish American poets
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234:civil rights movement
1547:Catholic News Agency
1389:Heschel, Susannah.
1258:May 6, 2009, at the
1058:On 17 October 2022,
900:about the nature of
866:Torah min HaShamayim
798:God in Search of Man
521:God in Search of Man
381:Conservative Judaism
369:Hebrew Union College
351:Hebrew Union College
284:University of Berlin
274:After a traditional
173:University of Berlin
1817:Activists from Ohio
1483:Jewish Book Council
1417:on December 4, 2007
960:Temple in Jerusalem
940:Stanford University
672:A Passion for Truth
1787:Rabbis from Warsaw
1757:American pacifists
1742:American ethicists
1509:The New York Times
1225:The New York Times
1152:The New York Times
1133:The New York Times
1024:of New York City,
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910:Ishmael ben Elisha
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511:, December 7, 1965
486:Heschel described
436:Hasidic philosophy
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347:Julian Morgenstern
1658:978-0-300-13769-9
1635:978-0-300-07186-3
1452:978-1-9145680-6-0
1411:Dartmouth College
1010:AJ Heschel School
966:and published as
451:African Americans
428:Jewish philosophy
335:Jewish philosophy
261:Hasidic dynasties
230:Jewish philosophy
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87:December 23, 1972
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1512:. Retrieved
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1486:. Retrieved
1482:
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1466:The Prophets
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1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1401:
1396:, 1998, PDF.
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1344:The Prophets
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1305:. Retrieved
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1236:. Retrieved
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89:(1972-12-23)
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1727:1972 deaths
1722:1907 births
1577:October 27,
1552:October 27,
1488:January 23,
932:Who is Man?
923:, entitled
906:Rabbi Akiva
855:He writes:
780:The Sabbath
646:Who Is Man?
481:Rabbi Akiva
473:Maimonidean
459:Vietnam War
331:Polenaktion
1716:Categories
1572:www.kul.pl
1468:Ch. 1
1356:Moshe Idel
1102:References
988:Maimonides
819:revelation
554:John Lewis
200:Profession
187:Profession
65:1907-01-11
1514:March 26,
1362:, p. ix-x
1342:Heschel,
1282:March 13,
1233:0362-4331
531:. At the
393:Manhattan
389:Mysticism
323:Frankfurt
304:Leo Baeck
265:influenza
240:Biography
1702:Archived
1439:(2021).
1375:(1993).
1307:July 29,
1256:Archived
1180:Archived
1074:See also
724:. 2004.
700:. 2005.
687:. 1983.
674:. 1973.
661:. 1969.
635:. 1962.
622:. 1955.
607:. 1954.
594:. 1951.
581:. 1951.
568:. 1949.
488:kabbalah
432:Kabbalah
406:Ideology
154:Orthodox
144:Susannah
140:Children
107:Religion
99:New York
54:Personal
1038:Ontario
1034:Toronto
964:English
898:Midrash
890:Mishnah
886:halakha
882:aggadah
827:mitzvot
823:Kavanah
791:Shabbat
753:Yiddish
327:Gestapo
312:Yiddish
280:semicha
276:yeshiva
224:at the
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111:Judaism
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1598:&
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1118:Tikkun
1032:, and
998:1970:
984:Geonim
956:Hebrew
950:(1966)
934:(1965)
894:Talmud
868:(1962)
860:words.
850:Pathos
836:(1962)
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648:1965.
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246:rabbis
218:Jewish
117:Spouse
101:, U.S.
77:Poland
73:Warsaw
1541:CNA.
1346:, 468
902:Torah
418:with
358:Nazis
339:Torah
250:Rebbe
214:rabbi
128:(
124:
1653:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1579:2022
1554:2022
1516:2010
1490:2020
1447:ISBN
1423:2020
1309:2020
1284:2015
1240:2023
1229:ISSN
972:Ktav
908:and
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