25:
357:
55:
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
492:
272:
398:
37:
72:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
477:
345:
Those who Walk in
Darkness will See the Light, the Jewish Resistance in France During the Holocaust and the Creation of Israel: 1940-1949
448:
472:
80:
391:
218:
By June 1940, the French army had surrendered to
Germany. Polonski and others established an underground organization called
502:
240:
members. During 1943–1944, the Jewish Army helped some hundreds of its members to successfully escape to Spain and then
507:
497:
93:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hebrew
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
384:
487:
482:
88:
441:
237:
109:
102:
467:
434:
241:
212:
84:
124:
418:
368:
364:
226:
461:
268:
414:
338:
Abraham
Polonski and the Jewish resistance in France during the Second World War.
233:
245:
208:
279:
261:
229:
91:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
323:
Guide to unpublished materials of the
Holocaust period : Volume 2
146:
356:
257:
267:
They were funded to the sum of tens of millions of francs by the
236:(AJ), or Jewish Army, which was a commando force composed of the
253:
249:
66:
18:
190:
One of the founders of the French Jewish
Resistance movement
260:
areas, attacking informers who had collaborated with the
340:
Yehuda Ben-David, Yaʻel
Zaidman, Miśrad ha-bitaḥon, 2002
422:
372:
62:
186:
178:
170:
162:
154:
139:
132:
58:
a machine-translated version of the Hebrew article.
264:and helped liberate France in the summer of 1944.
211:who was one of the founders of the French Jewish
282:commander of the AJ in France and North Africa.
87:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
442:
392:
8:
325:/ edited by Jacob Robinson and Yehuda Bauer.
273:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
493:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
449:
435:
399:
385:
207:, was a Belarusian electrical engineer in
129:
290:
7:
410:
408:
353:
351:
123:For the American film director, see
16:French resistance member (born 1903)
299:Jews in France during World War II
14:
312:France: the dark years, 1940-1944
297:Renée Poznanski, Nathan Bracher.
355:
99:{{Translated|he|אברהם_פולונסקי}}
23:
232:activists also established the
97:You may also add the template
1:
478:Jews in the French resistance
278:Polonski went on to become a
222:, meaning "The Strong Hand".
421:. You can help Knowledge by
371:. You can help Knowledge by
524:
407:
350:
122:
61:Machine translation, like
473:French Resistance members
199:(1903 – ), also known as
149:, Belarus, Russian Empire
38:the corresponding article
363:This article related to
108:For more guidance, see
244:. The group fought in
238:Zionist youth movement
225:By 1942, Polonski and
347:(Hebrew, 2003, 2018).
110:Knowledge:Translation
81:copyright attribution
503:Jewish history stubs
182:Electrical engineer
508:World War II stubs
498:People from Slonim
89:interlanguage link
430:
429:
380:
379:
194:
193:
121:
120:
50:
46:
515:
451:
444:
437:
409:
401:
394:
387:
359:
352:
343:Tsilla Hershco,
326:
320:
314:
310:Julian Jackson.
308:
302:
295:
197:Abraham Polonski
171:Other names
134:Abraham Polonski
130:
125:Abraham Polonsky
100:
94:
67:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
523:
522:
518:
517:
516:
514:
513:
512:
488:Belarusian Jews
483:French Zionists
458:
457:
456:
455:
406:
405:
334:
329:
321:
317:
309:
305:
296:
292:
288:
150:
144:
135:
128:
117:
116:
115:
98:
92:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
521:
519:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
460:
459:
454:
453:
446:
439:
431:
428:
427:
404:
403:
396:
389:
381:
378:
377:
365:Jewish history
360:
349:
348:
341:
333:
330:
328:
327:
315:
303:
289:
287:
284:
227:Labor Movement
205:Maurice Ferrer
192:
191:
188:
187:Known for
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
145:
141:
137:
136:
133:
119:
118:
114:
113:
106:
95:
73:
70:
59:
52:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
520:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
433:
432:
426:
424:
420:
417:article is a
416:
411:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
383:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
354:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:
331:
324:
319:
316:
313:
307:
304:
300:
294:
291:
285:
283:
281:
276:
274:
271:and from the
270:
269:Jewish Agency
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
223:
221:
220:La Main Forte
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
142:
138:
131:
126:
111:
107:
104:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
423:expanding it
415:World War II
412:
373:expanding it
362:
344:
337:
322:
318:
311:
306:
298:
293:
277:
266:
224:
219:
217:
204:
200:
196:
195:
85:edit summary
76:
45:(April 2024)
43:
35:
468:1903 births
234:Armee Juive
163:Nationality
462:Categories
286:References
215:movement.
213:Resistance
179:Occupation
242:Palestine
103:talk page
40:in Hebrew
246:Toulouse
209:Toulouse
79:provide
332:Sources
280:Haganah
262:Gestapo
230:Zionist
158:unknown
101:to the
83:in the
42:.
301:(2001)
256:, and
166:French
147:Slonim
413:This
367:is a
258:Paris
63:DeepL
419:stub
369:stub
254:Lyon
250:Nice
155:Died
143:1903
140:Born
77:must
75:You
56:View
203:or
201:Pol
174:Pol
65:or
464::
275:.
252:,
248:,
450:e
443:t
436:v
425:.
400:e
393:t
386:v
375:.
127:.
112:.
105:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
