378:
317:, that were convinced by the economic benefits of the park. Today, at 500 km, the area of the park is 100 times larger than the original reserve. However, the park's role in the marsican bear conservation program is now strongly debated; while every year there are monitoring actions of the total bear's population there have been recently some problems related to the pave actions carried out inside the park's boundaries and the building projects to connect the only ski track of the park to the opposite valley, which is a delicate spot for the bear's movements.
59:
1334:
836:
299:
370:
669:
45:
389:
252:
290:
an organization to administer the reserve. So the Park was founded in
September 1922. Over the next few years the territory of the park expanded into neighbouring municipalities until it covered around 120 km by 1923, when protection was enshrined in law. A period of intense activity followed
516:, represented by six breeding couples, which, despite living in the more inaccessible regions, can often be seen soaring over central areas of the park in search of prey such as small mammals or even sick, young chamois. Other raptors that reside within the park include
404:. While official figures report 50-70 bears in this genetically isolated population, the declining population is actually estimated at closer to 30. The shift from local agriculture to development in Abruzzo (including a controversial proposed ski resort) and
649:
which covers 60% of the area, generally grows at 900–1800 m altitude and provides a stunning display of color throughout the whole year. Notable also the presence of some old-growth beech forests in the northern part of the park. Other trees are the
309:
Re-establishment of the park in 1950 coincided with a period of financial difficulty, followed by a building boom which saw more than 12,000 trees felled for the construction of houses, roads and
1263:
1208:
313:
tracks. A reorganization of the park management at the end of the 1960s heralded better times and by 1976, further expansion to 400 km, followed at the request of villages in neighbouring
1467:
1238:
1175:
1142:
329:(2,245 metres), Meta (2,242 metres), Tartaro (2,191 metres), Jamiccio (2,074 metres), Cavallo (2,039 metres), Palombo (2,013 metres). These are included in the
1531:
1383:
1365:
1418:
1283:
1546:
1536:
1218:
377:
1019:
1213:
1541:
1168:
1046:
894:
408:, threaten this remaining small population. While Wolves were once rarer (as low as 40), numbers have reportedly rebounded in recent years.
588:
The flora of the park is rich and interesting. A comprehensive list of plants would extend to more than 2,000 species without including
415:
in the park is still controversial, and there are no scientific studies that prove it; however, there are some unconfirmed sightings.
987:
983:
Il Parco
Nazionale d'Abruzzo liberato dall'allagamento. Un conflitto tra tutela ambientale e sviluppo indutriale durante il fascismo
1511:
1358:
1258:
1223:
1161:
1184:
946:
154:
1146:
30:
1293:
1438:
1393:
1351:
1278:
1388:
1243:
1516:
1506:
1298:
1273:
1203:
549:
477:
1526:
1318:
1233:
784:
675:
303:
49:
1521:
1023:
899:
553:
217:
178:
1323:
938:
780:
569:
1313:
1303:
1288:
1268:
1228:
995:
577:
668:
1443:
1253:
877:
820:
533:
1063:
346:
188:, and the second oldest in Italy, with an important role in the preservation of species such as the
808:
651:
536:. Less visible, but perhaps more audible, to the nighttime visitor are several species of owl, the
397:
197:
1308:
716:
489:
185:
1423:
1248:
1081:
1042:
768:
631:
557:
58:
889:
732:
615:
529:
525:
521:
517:
497:
451:
431:
330:
193:
146:
835:
1413:
1408:
991:
954:
748:
744:
740:
724:
720:
501:
493:
435:
326:
298:
271:
119:
1448:
981:
1333:
345:
before leaving the park and turning to the north-east. Other rivers in the park are the
919:
816:
565:
481:
439:
358:
342:
267:
278:
leased 5 square kilometres of land to a private federation with the aim of protecting
1500:
1428:
1133:
872:
867:
764:
655:
623:
561:
473:
465:
412:
291:
and the park had further expanded to around 300 km when it was abolished by the
240:
34:
369:
1433:
935:
Erminio Sipari. Origini sociali e opere dell'artefice del Parco
Nazionale d'Abruzzo
849:
792:
736:
728:
679:
659:
606:
573:
513:
485:
469:
447:
401:
381:
338:
275:
232:
189:
174:
361:, Montagna Spaccata, Castel San Vincenzo, Grottacampanaro, and Selva di Cardito.
985:, "Rivista della Scuola Superiore dell'Economia e Finanza", 2003, nr. 8-9: 27-39
839:
772:
696:
443:
263:
255:
236:
967:
788:
537:
44:
1482:
1469:
488:
s are also quite frequently seen. Other mammals recorded in the park are the
1403:
1398:
812:
776:
756:
627:
545:
427:
213:
1153:
1000:
Scritti scelti di
Erminio Sipari sul Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo (1922-1933)
862:
704:
619:
541:
423:
419:
405:
354:
209:
205:
857:
824:
800:
712:
611:
461:
292:
274:. Between the months of October and November 1921, the municipality of
158:
69:
1099:
512:
Many birds of prey inhabit the park. Most notable amongst them is the
1343:
1003:
708:
639:
601:
597:
589:
334:
314:
224:
166:
77:
262:
The idea for the
Abruzzo National Park arose in the years following
691:
The park covers 25 municipalities, distributed across 3 provinces.
388:
1453:
834:
646:
387:
376:
368:
350:
297:
283:
279:
251:
250:
221:
201:
162:
73:
845:
Many outdoor activities are possible within the park including,
593:
287:
228:
157:
established in 1923. The majority of the park is located in the
87:
1347:
1157:
270:, environmentalist, member of Italian Parliament and cousin of
1125:
310:
181:. The park's area is 496.80 km (191.82 sq mi).
949:, Bern 2000, pp. 165-181; Marco Armiero - Marcus Hall (ed.),
418:
In greater numbers, in the thicker areas of the forest, are
396:
In wildlife terms, the main attractions of the park are the
325:
The mountains within the park are
Petroso (2,249 metres),
630:. The most well-known flower of the park is the rare
430:. Other reclusive inhabitants of the forest include
1191:
109:
101:
93:
83:
65:
18:
1064:"Italy battles to save the last of its wild bears"
1134:"Italy - Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park"
1022:. NAP - Network of Adriatic Parks. Archived from
1264:Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona, Campigna
1020:"The National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise"
1359:
1169:
8:
169:. It is sometimes called by its former name
1419:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
1209:Appennino Lucano - Val d'Agri - Lagonegrese
968:"Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise"
943:The Origins of Nature Conservation in Italy
920:"Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise"
604:present in the area include Marsican Iris (
341:and runs south-east through the artificial
1366:
1352:
1344:
1176:
1162:
1154:
220:. The protected area is around two thirds
15:
426:, reintroduced in the seventies, and the
151:Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise
24:Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise
645:The predominant tree of the park is the
1384:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
911:
460:Animals that are easier to see include
143:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
97:496.80 km (191.82 sq mi)
19:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
1014:
1012:
895:List of highest paved roads in Europe
357:. Other lakes are Vivo, Pantaniello,
7:
564:and bare mountain birds include the
231:species grow in the area, including
64:
1532:Protected areas established in 1922
1239:Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni
1145:. paradoxplace.com. Archived from
951:Nature and History in Modern Italy
572:. Streams provide habitat for the
14:
1041:. Old Street Publishing, London.
1547:Primeval Beech Forests in Europe
1537:Protected areas of the Apennines
1404:Etruscan necropolis of Tarquinia
1399:Etruscan necropolis of Cerveteri
1332:
667:
57:
43:
1062:Hooper, John (21 August 2004).
947:Peter Lang (publishing company)
457:live alone or in small groups.
173:. The park headquarters are in
100:
82:
1141:Fletcher, Adrian (2000–2010).
161:region, with smaller parts in
1:
1284:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga
548:. Woodland birds include the
184:It is the oldest park in the
1542:1922 establishments in Italy
1082:"Wolves at Florence's gates"
455:(Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata)
450:. Higher, above the forest,
1439:Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo
1394:Civita Castellana Cathedral
1143:"Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo"
1100:"The Abruzzo National Park"
442:and two species of marten;
1563:
1219:Arcipelago di la Maddalena
1379:
1330:
1199:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise
550:European green woodpecker
478:western European hedgehog
117:
56:
42:
28:
23:
1214:Appennino Tosco-Emiliano
970:. parcoabruzzo.it. 2011.
785:San Donato Val di Comino
304:San Vincenzo al Volturno
1512:National parks of Italy
1185:National parks of Italy
1037:Paynton, Brian (2006).
980:Lorenzo Arnone Sipari,
900:List of mountain passes
554:white-backed woodpecker
218:white-backed woodpecker
200:. Other characteristic
113:Ministero dell'Ambiente
939:University of Camerino
922:. parks.it. 2004–2010.
842:
781:San Biagio Saracinisco
638:), a yellow and black
570:white-winged snowfinch
393:
385:
374:
306:
286:and Sipari founded in
266:thanks to the work of
259:
1483:41.76417°N 13.86889°E
996:Lorenzo Arnone Sipari
941:1997; James Sievert,
838:
636:Cypripedium calceolus
578:white-throated dipper
534:Eurasian sparrowhawks
391:
380:
372:
301:
254:
171:Abruzzo National Park
155:Italian national park
1444:Park of the Monsters
1389:Circeo National Park
878:Cross-country skiing
821:Rocchetta a Volturno
556:, cliffs harbor the
411:The presence of the
295:government in 1933.
258:and Mount Marsicano.
227:, though many other
179:Province of L'Aquila
1479: /
809:Castel San Vincenzo
398:Marsican brown bear
373:Marsican brown bear
198:Marsican brown bear
110:Governing body
50:Monte Sterpi d'Alto
1488:41.76417; 13.86889
1374:Landmarks of Lazio
1259:Dolomiti Bellunesi
1224:Arcipelago Toscano
1126:"Official website"
990:2012-04-25 at the
843:
717:Civitella Alfedena
394:
386:
375:
307:
260:
186:Apennine Mountains
1462:
1461:
1341:
1340:
1048:978-1-905847-14-3
769:Campoli Appennino
558:red-billed chough
530:Eurasian kestrels
526:Eurasian buzzards
522:peregrine falcons
302:The monastery of
140:
139:
84:Nearest city
1554:
1517:Parks in Abruzzo
1507:IUCN Category II
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1150:
1137:
1129:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1007:
978:
972:
971:
964:
958:
933:Luigi Piccioni,
931:
925:
923:
916:
890:Monti della Meta
733:Ortona dei Marsi
671:
498:European wildcat
432:European polecat
331:Monti della Meta
204:of the park are
136:
133:
131:
129:
127:
125:
123:
121:
61:
47:
16:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1527:Parks in Molise
1497:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1424:Hadrian's Villa
1414:Garden of Ninfa
1409:Fossanova Abbey
1375:
1372:
1342:
1337:
1328:
1294:Monti Sibillini
1187:
1182:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1088:. 13 June 2007.
1080:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1039:In Bear Country
1036:
1035:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1010:
992:Wayback Machine
979:
975:
966:
965:
961:
955:Ohio University
932:
928:
918:
917:
913:
908:
886:
833:
749:Villetta Barrea
745:Villavallelonga
725:Lecce nei Marsi
721:Gioia dei Marsi
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
672:
586:
510:
502:Garden dormouse
494:edible dormouse
452:Abruzzo chamois
436:Eurasian badger
392:Abruzzo chamois
367:
323:
272:Benedetto Croce
249:
194:Abruzzo chamois
118:
52:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:Parks in Lazio
1519:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1192:National parks
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:on 2010-04-14.
1138:
1130:
1120:
1119:External links
1117:
1114:
1113:
1102:. opionline.it
1091:
1086:Italy Magazine
1073:
1054:
1047:
1029:
1026:on 2009-04-10.
1008:
973:
959:
926:
910:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
897:
892:
885:
882:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
852:
832:
829:
828:
827:
796:
795:
752:
751:
688:
687:Municipalities
685:
674:
673:
666:
665:
664:
632:lady's slipper
585:
582:
566:rock partridge
509:
506:
440:Eurasian otter
366:
363:
343:Lago di Barrea
322:
319:
268:Erminio Sipari
248:
245:
241:mountain pines
138:
137:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
54:
53:
48:
40:
39:
29:
26:
25:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1559:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Monte Cassino
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Gran Paradiso
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:(in Italian).
1127:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:
984:
977:
974:
969:
963:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
930:
927:
921:
915:
912:
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
879:
876:
874:
873:Alpine skiing
871:
869:
868:Bird watching
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
841:
837:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
803:
802:
799:Provincia of
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:
762:
761:
759:
758:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
702:
701:
699:
698:
692:
686:
681:
676:
670:
663:
661:
657:
656:mountain pine
653:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
583:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:alpine chough
559:
555:
552:and the rare
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:European mole
471:
467:
466:European hare
463:
458:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
413:Eurasian lynx
409:
407:
403:
399:
390:
383:
379:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
318:
316:
312:
305:
300:
296:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
135:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
92:
89:
86:
79:
75:
71:
68:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
36:
35:national park
32:
31:IUCN category
27:
22:
17:
1464:
1449:Villa d'Este
1434:Ostia Antica
1249:Cinque Vette
1244:Cinque Terre
1198:
1147:the original
1136:. Wild Zone.
1104:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1076:
1068:The Guardian
1067:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1024:the original
999:
982:
976:
962:
950:
942:
934:
929:
914:
850:Horse riding
844:
798:
797:
793:Vallerotonda
755:Province of
754:
753:
737:Pescasseroli
695:Province of
694:
693:
690:
678:Panorama of
660:silver birch
644:
635:
607:Iris marsica
605:
587:
574:grey wagtail
514:golden eagle
511:
486:red squirrel
470:least weasel
459:
454:
448:beech marten
417:
410:
402:Italian wolf
395:
382:Italian wolf
339:Pescasseroli
335:Sangro River
324:
308:
261:
233:silver birch
190:Italian wolf
183:
175:Pescasseroli
170:
150:
142:
141:
1486: /
1299:Pantelleria
1274:Gennargentu
1204:Alta Murgia
840:Lake Scanno
773:Pescosolido
444:pine marten
337:rises near
264:World War I
256:Lake Barrea
102:Established
1501:Categories
1474:13°52′08″E
1471:41°45′51″N
1319:Val Grande
1234:Aspromonte
1106:28 October
906:References
831:Activities
789:Settefrati
652:black pine
538:little owl
476:, and the
128:.nazionale
813:Filignano
777:Picinisco
757:Frosinone
546:tawny owl
490:snow vole
428:wild boar
327:Marsicano
321:Geography
214:wild boar
1324:Vesuvius
988:Archived
884:See also
863:Canoeing
854:Trekking
705:Alfedena
697:L'Aquila
658:and the
626:and the
620:cyclamen
616:primrose
544:and the
542:barn owl
518:goshawks
500:and the
424:roe deer
420:red deer
406:poaching
355:Volturno
347:Giovenco
216:and the
210:roe deer
206:red deer
153:) is an
130:.abruzzo
66:Location
1314:Stelvio
1304:Pollino
1289:Majella
1269:Gargano
1229:Asinara
998:(ed.),
858:Cycling
825:Scapoli
817:Pizzone
801:Isernia
713:Bisegna
624:violets
612:gentian
602:Flowers
590:lichens
482:Dormice
462:red fox
293:Fascist
247:History
177:in the
159:Abruzzo
147:Italian
132:/Eindex
70:Abruzzo
1254:Circeo
1045:
1004:Trento
765:Alvito
741:Scanno
709:Barrea
654:, the
640:orchid
584:Plants
540:, the
496:, the
492:, the
472:, the
468:, the
464:, the
359:Scanno
333:. The
315:Molise
225:forest
167:Molise
126:/parco
122:.parks
78:Molise
1454:Volci
1006:2011.
647:beech
598:fungi
594:algae
508:Birds
365:Fauna
351:Malfa
284:fauna
280:flora
237:black
222:beech
202:fauna
163:Lazio
134:.html
74:Lazio
1309:Sila
1108:2015
1043:ISBN
957:2010
628:lily
576:and
568:and
560:and
532:and
484:and
446:and
422:and
400:and
384:pack
353:and
288:Rome
282:and
239:and
235:and
229:tree
208:and
196:and
165:and
105:1923
94:Area
88:Rome
33:II (
729:Opi
680:Opi
610:),
596:or
311:ski
276:Opi
124:.it
120:www
1503::
1084:.
1066:.
1011:^
1002:,
994:;
953:,
945:,
937:,
823:,
819:,
815:,
811:,
804::
791:,
787:,
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
760::
747:,
743:,
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
707:,
700::
662:.
642:.
622:,
618:,
614:,
600:.
592:,
580:.
528:,
524:,
520:,
504:.
480:.
438:,
434:,
349:,
243:.
212:,
192:,
149::
76:,
72:,
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
1110:.
1070:.
1051:.
924:.
634:(
145:(
37:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
