320:
470:
214:
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613:
458:
775:
198:
368:
783:
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868:
250:
393:
31:
849:
832:
of the Morgan turnout patents included movable rack sections to avoid breaks in the rack, but because all Morgan locomotives had two linked drive pinions, there was no need for a continuous rack. So long as the breaks in the rack were shorter than the distance between the drive pinions on the locomotive, the rack rail could be interrupted wherever there was need to cross over a running rail.
672:
off-center rack in order to allow clear passage for pedestrians and animals walking along the tracks. Some photos of early Morgan installations show this. A simplified rack mounting system could be used when the Morgan rack was not used for third-rail power and the Morgan rack offered interesting possibilities for street railways. The Morgan rack was good for grades of up to 16
384:
August 29, 1866, when only one quarter of a mile (402 meters) of track had been completed. The Mount
Washington railway opened to the public on August 14, 1868. The pinion wheels on the locomotives have deep teeth that ensure that at least two teeth are engaged with the rack at all times; this measure helps reduce the possibility of the pinions riding up and out of the rack.
879:
556:
836:
turnouts built for the line but all were hand operated. In 2003, a new automatic hydraulic turnout was developed and built at the base as a prototype. With the success of the new turnout, more new automatic hydraulic turnouts were built to replace the hand-operated ones. The new turnouts installed on the Mount
Washington line in 2007 are essentially
724:
652:
691:, to serve the British market. Between 1903 and 1909, the McKell Coal and Coke company in Raleigh County, West Virginia, installed 35,000 feet (10,700 m) of Morgan rack/third-rail track in its mines. Between 1905 and 1906, the Mammoth Vein Coal Company installed 8,200 feet (2,500 m) of powered rack in two of its mines in
831:
to the two throw-rods for the moving rack sections. One break in the rack was required to select between the two routes, and a second break was required where the rack rails cross the running rails. Turnouts for the Morgan Rack system were similar, with the rack elevated above the running rails. Most
826:
of the rack system has a large impact on the construction of turnouts. If the rack is elevated above the running rails, there is no need to interrupt the running rails to allow passage of the driving pinions of the engines. Strub explicitly documented this in his U.S. patent. Strub used a complex set
583:
at the time – was limited to a maximum gradient of 1 in 4 (25%). Locher showed that on steeper grade, the Abt system was prone to the driving pinion over-riding the rack, causing potentially catastrophic derailments, as predicted by Dr. Abt. To overcome this problem and allow a rack line up the
404:
working at about the same time as, but independently from Marsh. Riggenbach was granted a French patent in 1863 based on a working model which he used to interest potential Swiss backers. During this time, the Swiss Consul to the United States visited Marsh's Mount
Washington Cog Railway and reported
257:
As well as the rack system used, lines using rack systems fall into one of two categories depending on whether the rack rail is continuous or not. Lines where the rack rail is continuous, and the cog-drive is used throughout, are described as pure-rack lines. Other lines, which use the cog drive only
743:
after the rolled steel rails used in the Strub system became unavailable. It is formed from a single blade cut in a similar shape to the Abt system, but typically wider than a single Abt bar. The
Lamella rack can be used by locomotives designed for use on the Riggenbach or the Strub systems, so long
628:
in 1896. It uses a rolled flat-bottom rail with rack teeth machined into the head approximately 100 mm (3.9 inches) apart. Safety jaws fitted to the locomotive engage with the underside of the head to prevent derailments and serve as a brake. Strub's U.S. patent, granted in 1898, also includes
916:
On rack systems with extreme gradients, the boiler, cab, and general superstructure of the locomotive are tilted forward relative to the wheels so that they are more or less horizontal when on the steeply graded track. These locomotives often cannot function on level track, and so the entire line,
835:
Turnouts are far more complex when the rack is at or below the level of the running rails. Marsh's first rack patent shows such an arrangement, and the original Mount
Washington Cog Railway he built had no turnouts. It was not until 1941 that a turnout was constructed on this line. There were more
546:
which opened in 1884. It used a vertical rack with cog wheels on each side of the central rack. Its unique feature, however, was that the 'locomotive' was propelled by means of an endless cable driven from an engine house at the foot of the incline. It was converted to use the Strub rack system in
503:
were complex. In 1882, Abt designed a new rack using solid bars with vertical teeth machined into them. Two or three of these bars are mounted centrally between the rails, with the teeth of the pinions rotationally offset from each other to match. The use of multiple bars with offset teeth ensures
358:
The Fell mountain railway system, developed in the 1860s, is not strictly speaking a rack railway, since there are no cogs with teeth. Rather, this system uses a smooth raised centre rail between the two running rails on steep sections of lines that is gripped on both sides to improve friction.
932:
for safety reasons: the locomotive is fitted with powerful brakes, often including hooks or clamps that grip the rack rail solidly. Some locomotives are fitted with automatic brakes that apply if the speed gets too high, preventing runaways. Often there is no coupler between locomotive and train
265:
On pure-rack lines, the train's running rail wheels are only used to carry the train and do not contribute to propulsion or braking, which is exclusively done through the cog wheels. Pure-rack lines have no need of transitioning systems, as the cog wheels remain engaged with the rack rail at all
261:
On rack-and-adhesion lines, trains are equipped with propulsion and braking systems capable of acting both through the running rail wheels and the cog wheels, depending on whether the rack rail is present or not. Rack-and-adhesion lines also need to use a system for smoothing the transition from
383:
for the general idea of a rack railway in
September 1861, and in January 1867 for a practical rack where the rack teeth take the form of rollers arranged like the rungs of a ladder between two L-shaped wrought-iron rails. The first public trial of the Marsh rack on Mount Washington was made on
591:
This system provides very stable attachment to the track, also protecting the car from toppling over even under the most severe crosswinds. Such gears are also capable of leading the car, so even flanges on running wheels are optional. The biggest shortcoming of the system is that the standard
671:
for this system. In 1904, he patented a simplified but compatible rack, where the teeth on the engine pinions engaged square holes punched in a bar-shaped center rail. J. H. Morgan patented several alternative turnout designs for use with this rack system. Curiously, Morgan recommended an
343:
with its side rack being cast all in one piece, in 3-foot (1 yd; 914 mm) lengths. Blenkinsop's system remained in use for 25 years on the
Middleton Railway, but it became a curiosity because simple friction was found to be sufficient for railroads operating on level ground.
504:
that the pinions on the locomotive driving wheels are constantly engaged with the rack. The Abt system is cheaper to build than the
Riggenbach because it requires a lower weight of rack over a given length. However the Riggenbach system exhibits greater wear resistance than the Abt.
588:, Locher developed a rack system where the rack is a flat bar with symmetrical, horizontal teeth. Horizontal pinions with flanges below the rack engage the centrally-mounted bar, both driving the locomotive and keeping it centered on the track.
275:
603:
Following tests, the Locher system was deployed on the
Pilatus Railway, which opened in 1889. No other public railway uses the Locher system, although some European coal mines use a similar system on steeply graded underground lines.
229:
571:
teeth cut in the sides rather than the top of the rail, engaged by two cog wheels on the locomotive. This system allows use on steeper grades than the other systems, whose teeth could jump out of the rack. It is used on the
213:
802:
it is convenient to only use switches on sections flat enough for adhesion (for example, on a pass summit). Other systems which rely on the rack for driving (with the conventional rail wheels undriven) such as the
498:
During the early 1880s, Abt worked to devise an improved rack system that overcame the limitations of the
Riggenbach system. In particular, the Riggenbach rack was expensive to manufacture and maintain and the
197:
936:
The maximum speed of trains operating on a cog railway is very low, generally from 9 to 25 kilometres per hour (5.6 to 15.5 mph) depending on gradient and propulsion method. Because the
1318:
262:
friction to rack traction, with a spring-mounted rack section to bring the pinion teeth gradually into engagement. This was invented by Roman Abt, who also invented the Abt rack system.
913:, the metal top of the firebox. If this is not covered with water, the heat of the fire will soften it enough to give way under the boiler pressure, leading to a catastrophic failure.
1014:
819:
instead must switch the rack rail. The Dolderbahn switch works by bending all three rails, an operation that is performed every trip as the two trains pass in the middle.
339:, 3-foot (914 mm) diameter cog wheel (pinion) on the left side that engaged in rack teeth (two teeth per foot) on the outer side of the rail, the metal "fishbelly"
1024:
766:
on a rack railway. The turnout uses Lamella rack rails, but the overall design was pioneered by Strub. The track outside the turnout uses Riggenbach rack rails. (
442:
at regular intervals. The Riggenbach system suffers from the problem that its fixed ladder rack is more complex and expensive to build than the other systems.
319:
933:
since gravity will always push the passenger car down against the locomotive. Electrically powered vehicles often have electromagnetic track brakes as well.
405:
back with enthusiasm to the Swiss government. Eager to boost tourism in Switzerland, the government commissioned Riggenbach to build a rack railway up
1542:, Vol. 37, No. 5 (August 4, 1906), p. 28. Note, the article systematically misspells Everist as Everts, a spelling contradicted by all other sources.
1310:
579:
Locher set out to design a rack system that could be used on gradients as steep as 1 in 2 (50%). The Abt system – the most common rack system in
901:, the steam locomotive only works when its powerplant (the boiler, in this case) is fairly level. The locomotive boiler requires water to cover the
469:
102:. The rack and pinion mechanism also provides more controlled braking and reduces the effects of snow or ice on the rails. Most rack railways are
744:
as the safety-jaws that were a feature of the original Strub system are not used. Some railways use racks from multiple systems; for example, the
43:
359:
Trains are propelled by wheels or braked by shoes pressed horizontally onto the centre rail, as well as by means of the normal running wheels.
1705:
1700:
663:
received a patent on a rack railway system that was mechanically similar to the Riggenbach rack, but where the rack was also used as a
299:
A number of different designs of rack rail and matching cog wheel have been developed over the years. With the exception of some early
1092:
327:
John Blenkinsop thought that the friction would be too low from metal wheels on metal rails even on level ground, so he built his
871:
527:
172:
921:
railways were among the first to be electrified and most of today's rack railways are electrically powered. In some cases, a
1608:
612:
795:
523:
522:
The pinion wheels can be mounted on the same axle as the rail wheels, or driven separately. The steam locomotives on the
1004:
972:
353:
236:
160:
457:
1578:
1279:
1259:
1690:
1376:
Edmund C. Morgan and John H. Morgan, Switching System for Combined Third and Traction Rails for Electric Railways,
1144:
774:
508:
543:
1695:
1331:…new Strub cog rails, the most technologically advanced and least maintenance intensive system from Switzerland.
414:
367:
967:
953:
782:
531:
512:
462:
258:
on the steepest sections and elsewhere operate as a regular railway, are described as rack-and-adhesion lines.
699:
had 10,000 feet (3,050 m) of Goodman rack in its mine in 1906. The Morgan system saw limited use on one
617:
266:
times, but all track, including sidings and depots, must be equipped with rack rail irrespective of gradient.
981:
816:
767:
696:
307:
rack installations, rack systems place the rack rail halfway between the running rails, mounted on the same
1670:
477:
1685:
1009:
906:
893:. The steam locomotive needs to be extensively modified to work effectively in this environment. Unlike a
728:
704:
375:
The first successful rack railway in the United States was the Mount Washington Cog Railway, developed by
220:
148:
79:
473:
171:, which carried its first fare-paying passengers in 1868. The track was completed to reach the summit of
38:
is the steepest rack railway in the world, with a maximum gradient of 48% and an average gradient of 35%.
1019:
667:
to power the electric locomotive. Morgan went on to develop heavier locomotives and with J. H. Morgan,
1633:
1130:
859:
790:
Rack railway switches are as varied as rack railway technologies, for optional rack lines such as the
929:
708:
495:
and later at his IGB rack locomotive company. In 1885, he founded his own civil engineering company.
340:
898:
71:
1513:
1435:
812:
542:
The Agudio rack system was invented by Tommaso Agudio. Its only long-lived application was on the
958:
751:
Most of the rack railways built from the late 20th century onwards have used the Lamella system.
745:
711:
freight carrier that had one steep grade in the line up to their surface disposal station on the
585:
428:
420:
The Riggenbach system is similar in design to the Marsh system. It uses a ladder rack, formed of
401:
176:
1658:
1474:
1565:
1526:
1487:
1124:
1088:
894:
424:
332:
180:
123:
1552:
1539:
1196:
1500:
902:
890:
759:
740:
692:
637:
439:
328:
143:
127:
103:
99:
511:
in Germany, which opened in 1885. The Abt system was also used for the construction of the
42:
1029:
977:
922:
918:
828:
763:
732:
630:
593:
573:
500:
376:
153:
75:
47:
35:
917:
including maintenance shops, must be laid on a gradient. This is one of the reasons why
867:
249:
837:
823:
700:
688:
668:
597:
484:
409:. Following the construction of a prototype locomotive and test track in a quarry near
392:
139:
135:
1667:
illustrated description of the various types of rack rail systems, including the Wetli
1244:
30:
1679:
1034:
994:
853:
684:
564:
204:
168:
164:
115:
107:
95:
848:
680:
673:
643:
Strub is the simplest rack system to maintain and has become increasingly popular.
308:
152:, ran in 1812. This used a rack and pinion system designed and patented in 1811 by
1448:
1168:
Sylvester Marsh, Improvement in Locomotive-Engines for Ascending Inclined Planes,
1600:
1461:
1419:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1361:
1348:
1296:
1182:
1169:
910:
882:
791:
580:
488:
188:
17:
1402:
John H. Morgan, Switching or Crossover Device for Traction Rack Rail Systems,
963:
804:
664:
625:
445:
Following the success of the Vitznau–Rigi railway, Riggenbach established the
119:
1230:
1215:
1109:
600:
or other complex device must be used where branching of the track is needed.
1039:
999:
976:. The Štrbské Pleso rack railway in Slovakia is featured in "The Bounty" by
878:
739:
The Lamella system (also known as the Von Roll system) was developed by the
1418:
John H. Morgan, Throw Rail for Combined Third and Traction Rail Switching,
808:
239:
is the oldest mountain-climbing rack railway in the world, opening in 1868.
1586:
1389:
Edmund C. Morgan, Combined Third and Traction Rail for Electric Railways,
555:
274:
94:
that mesh with this rack rail. This allows the trains to operate on steep
799:
655:
The non-powered variant of the Morgan rack, from the 1919 Goodman catalog
1641:
1152:
940:
has gentler gradients than typical, its speeds are higher than typical.
949:
937:
723:
712:
660:
651:
436:
380:
91:
748:
in Switzerland has sections of Riggenbach, Strub, and Lamella rack.
679:
The Goodman Equipment Company began marketing the Morgan system for
323:
Blenkinsop rack and pinion with teeth on outer side of one rail only
1538:
E. C. DeWolfe, Operations of Mammoth Vein Coal Co., Bussey, Iowa.,
966:. Its operation, locomotives and history are based on those of the
629:
details of how the rack rail is integrated with the mechanism of a
928:
On a rack-only railroad, locomotives are always downward of their
877:
866:
858:
847:
781:
773:
758:
722:
650:
611:
554:
516:
492:
468:
456:
432:
421:
391:
366:
318:
273:
248:
131:
83:
41:
29:
223:
is the highest rack railway in the world, at 14,115 ft (4,302 m).
1486:
J. J. Rutledge, Recent Improvements in Coal Mining in Illinois,
568:
449:(IGB) – a company that produced rack locomotives to his design.
410:
406:
336:
207:, one of the last operational locomotives with a vertical boiler
184:
111:
87:
687:
were encountered underground. By 1907, Goodman had offices in
491:
locomotive engineer. Abt worked for Riggenbach at his works in
447:
Maschinenfabrik der Internationalen Gesellschaft fĂĽr Bergbahnen
786:
An automatic hydraulic turnout of Mount Washington Cog Railway
1651:
98:
of 100% (45 degrees) or more, well above the 10% maximum for
526:
have separate cylinders driving the pinion wheel, as do the
1499:
Frank C. Perkins, Development of Electric Mine Locomotive,
925:
can be used that is less sensitive for the track gradient.
827:
of bell-cranks and push-rods linking the throw-rod for the
1311:"Rebuilding a railroad above the clouds: Pikes Peak's cog"
1646:
1087:(2nd ed.). Illawarra Light Railway Museum Society.
695:, with a maximum grade of 16%. The Donohoe Coke Co. of
1579:"Mount Washington Railway Company Historical Timeline"
863:"Old Peppersass" of the Mt. Washington Cog Railway, US
683:, and it saw widespread use, particularly where steep
191:, which opened in 1871. Both lines are still running.
874:
steam locomotive, with tilted boiler, on level track
889:Originally almost all cog railways were powered by
1181:Sylvester Marsh, Improved Cog-Rail for Railroads,
1015:History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
1430:
1428:
840:. The Locher rack also requires transfer tables.
636:The best-known use of the Strub system is on the
1213:Roman Abt, Permanent Way for Mountain Railways,
1197:"Chapter IV: The Approaches to Mount Washington"
1551:Plant of the Donohoe Coke Co., Greenwald, Pa.,
1025:List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways
1460:Edmund C. Morgan, Traction Rack for Railways,
1414:
1412:
1372:
1370:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1295:Emil Strub, Rack-Rail for Mountain-Railways,
8:
1291:
1289:
1203:. Boston: Chick and Andrews. pp. 82–85.
778:Mount Washington Cog Railway Operators, 2000
175:in 1869. The first mountain rack railway in
27:Steep-grade railway with a toothed rack rail
1525:H. H. Stock, New River Coal Field, W. VA.,
1438:, Vol. VII, No. 3 (March 30, 1907); p. 179.
1164:
1162:
507:The first use of the Abt system was on the
400:The Riggenbach rack system was invented by
122:environment. The first cog railway was the
1360:Edmund C. Morgan, Electric-Railway System
1347:Edmund C. Morgan, Electric-Railway System
885:early electric cog locomotive and carriage
142:, where the first commercially successful
1529:, Vol. XXIX, No. 11 (June 1909); p. 513.
1078:
1076:
1555:, Vol. 37, No. 1 (July 7, 1906), p. 28.
1503:, Vol XXIX, No. 1 (July 4, 1908); p. 3.
1490:Vol. XIII, No. 3 (March 1906); p. 186.
1245:"Abt Rack Railway & Technical Info"
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
193:
159:The first mountain cog railway was the
909:sheets at all times, particularly the
624:The Strub rack system was invented by
278:Different rack systems: from the left,
1473:Conveying Machinery – Motor Haulage,
1447:Edmund C. Morgan, Cog wheel railway,
7:
563:The Locher rack system, invented by
559:Locher Rack system (seen from above)
1321:from the original on 20 August 2020
1107:Roman Abt, Rack-Rail for Railways,
703:railroad in the United States, the
1657:Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1936),
1280:"Tranvia da Borgo Sassi a Superga"
852:Vertical boiler locomotive of the
25:
1611:from the original on 14 July 2014
746:St. Gallen Gais Appenzell Railway
1647:Mount Washington Railway Company
1607:. Mount Washington Cog Railway.
1601:"New Switching System Installed"
1260:"L'antica Funicolare di Superga"
1133:. Vol. XXXVII. p. 525.
371:The Marsh rack and pinion system
228:
212:
196:
1652:Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway
304:
280:
1671:Montenvers Railway photo album
1475:Mechanical Engineer's Handbook
483:The Abt system was devised by
245:Rack-and-adhesion or pure-rack
78:, usually between the running
1:
1564:Third- or Rack-Rail Haulage,
1477:, McGraw Hill, 1916; p. 1145.
970:. It is featured in the book
948:The Culdee Fell Railway is a
796:West Coast Wilderness Railway
524:West Coast Wilderness Railway
1706:Rail transport-related lists
1663:Railway Wonders of the World
1005:Hanscotte centre-rail system
817:Schynige Platte rack railway
461:Abt rack system used on the
354:Fell mountain railway system
237:Mount Washington Cog Railway
161:Mount Washington Cog Railway
86:are fitted with one or more
1605:Cog Railway Media Resources
1512:Goodman Rack Rail Haulage,
620:using the Strub system rack
300:
292:
253:Traction transition section
1722:
1701:Vertical transport devices
1309:Wrinn, Jim (19 Aug 2020).
1201:Mount Washington in Winter
1126:Mountain and Rack Railways
1085:Rack Railways of Australia
616:Rack railway track on the
396:The Riggenbach rack system
379:. Marsh was issued a U.S.
351:
284:
114:built to overcome a steep
1516:, Goodman Mfg. Co., 1919.
1195:Hitchcock, C. H. (1871).
1123:Abt, Roman (March 1910).
659:In 1900, E. C. Morgan of
968:Snowdon Mountain Railway
944:Rack railways in fiction
532:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
513:Snowdon Mountain Railway
463:Snowdon Mountain Railway
288:
1659:"Rack rail locomotives"
1634:Liste der Zahnradbahnen
1514:Goodman Mining Handbook
1436:The Electrical Magazine
1228:Roman Abt, Locomotive,
794:in Switzerland and the
768:Schynige Platte Railway
697:Greenwald, Pennsylvania
417:opened on 22 May 1871.
60:rack-and-pinion railway
1434:Electric Locomotives,
1010:Hillclimbing (railway)
886:
875:
872:Schneeberg cog railway
864:
856:
787:
779:
771:
736:
729:Skitube Alpine Railway
705:Chicago Tunnel Company
656:
621:
560:
480:
466:
397:
372:
324:
311:as the running rails.
296:
254:
221:Pikes Peak Cog Railway
51:
39:
1642:Rail-Info Switzerland
1449:U.S. Patent 1,203,034
1172:, September 10, 1861.
1113:, September 21, 1886.
1083:Jehan, David (2003).
1020:List of rack railways
881:
870:
862:
851:
785:
777:
762:
726:
654:
618:Panoramique des DĂ´mes
615:
596:is not usable, and a
558:
544:Sassi–Superga tramway
528:"X"-class locomotives
478:rack and pinion brake
472:
460:
395:
370:
322:
277:
252:
106:, although a few are
45:
33:
1462:U. S. Patent 772,731
1391:U. S. Patent 753,803
1378:U. S. Patent 772,732
1362:U. S. Patent 772,730
1349:U. S. Patent 659,178
1219:, September 11, 1883
854:Vitznau–Rigi railway
815:in Slovakia and the
415:Vitznau–Rigi railway
203:Locomotive 7 of the
1568:, May 1904; p. 513.
1566:Mining and Minerals
1464:, October 18, 1904.
1451:, October 31, 1916.
1422:, October 18, 1904.
1420:U.S. Patent 772,735
1406:, October 18, 1904.
1404:U.S. Patent 772,736
1380:, October 18, 1904.
1364:, October 18, 1904.
1297:U.S. Patent 600,324
1231:U.S. patent 339,831
1216:U.S. patent 284,790
1185:, January 15, 1867.
1110:U.S. patent 349,624
952:cog railway on the
899:electric locomotive
519:from 1894 to 1896.
100:friction-based rail
72:steep grade railway
50:on the Strub system
46:Functioning of the
1665:, pp. 804–808
1527:Mines and Minerals
1351:, October 2, 1900.
1258:Gamboni, Antonio.
1183:U.S. Patent 61,221
1170:U.S. Patent 33,255
1131:Cassier's Magazine
959:The Railway Series
887:
876:
865:
857:
788:
780:
772:
737:
727:Lamella system on
657:
622:
561:
481:
476:wheelset with Abt
467:
402:Niklaus Riggenbach
398:
373:
335:in 1812 with a 20-
325:
297:
255:
177:continental Europe
52:
40:
1691:Rail technologies
1553:The Black Diamond
1540:The Black Diamond
1234:, April 13, 1886.
1145:"Sylvester Marsh"
895:diesel locomotive
891:steam locomotives
640:in Switzerland.
388:Riggenbach (1871)
333:Middleton Railway
329:steam locomotives
315:Blenkinsop (1812)
205:Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn
181:Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn
124:Middleton Railway
104:mountain railways
16:(Redirected from
1713:
1696:Railways by type
1666:
1638:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1585:. Archived from
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1549:
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1151:. Archived from
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1105:
1099:
1098:
1080:
973:Mountain Engines
741:Von Roll company
474:PetĹ™Ăn funicular
309:sleepers or ties
232:
216:
200:
173:Mount Washington
144:steam locomotive
108:transit railways
68:cogwheel railway
21:
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1044:
1030:Ruling gradient
990:
978:Janet Evanovich
954:Island of Sodor
946:
923:vertical boiler
846:
838:transfer tables
764:Railroad switch
757:
733:New South Wales
721:
649:
610:
584:steep sides of
574:Pilatus Railway
553:
540:
455:
390:
377:Sylvester Marsh
365:
356:
350:
317:
279:
272:
247:
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233:
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201:
154:John Blenkinsop
74:with a toothed
48:rack and pinion
36:Pilatus Railway
28:
23:
22:
18:Abt rack system
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1628:External links
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1589:on 2006-10-07.
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701:common carrier
689:Cardiff, Wales
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598:transfer table
594:railway switch
552:
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485:Carl Roman Abt
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813:Štrbské Pleso
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681:mine railways
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647:Morgan (1900)
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565:Eduard Locher
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551:Locher (1889)
550:
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538:Agudio (1884)
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431:connected by
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169:New Hampshire
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1613:. Retrieved
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1587:the original
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1323:. Retrieved
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1304:
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1263:. Retrieved
1253:
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1200:
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1177:
1153:the original
1148:
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1103:
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957:
947:
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927:
915:
903:boiler tubes
888:
834:
821:
789:
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738:
709:narrow gauge
678:
658:
642:
638:Jungfraubahn
635:
623:
608:Strub (1896)
602:
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562:
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363:Marsh (1861)
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348:Fell (1860s)
326:
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158:
147:
67:
63:
59:
56:rack railway
55:
53:
1637:(in German)
911:crown sheet
883:Rittnerbahn
792:Zentralbahn
735:, Australia
715:lakefront.
586:Mt. Pilatus
581:Switzerland
189:Switzerland
138:, England,
64:cog railway
1680:Categories
1265:2022-04-30
1047:References
805:Dolderbahn
665:third rail
626:Emil Strub
453:Abt (1882)
407:Mount Rigi
305:Blenkinsop
281:Riggenbach
185:Mount Rigi
88:cog wheels
1325:20 August
1040:Slope car
1000:Funicular
950:fictional
341:edge rail
167:state of
149:Salamanca
128:Middleton
96:gradients
76:rack rail
1609:Archived
1319:Archived
988:See also
824:geometry
800:Tasmania
755:Switches
669:turnouts
509:Harzbahn
501:switches
429:channels
331:for the
179:was the
126:between
116:gradient
112:tramways
1615:14 July
938:Skitube
907:firebox
719:Lamella
713:Chicago
674:percent
661:Chicago
631:turnout
530:on the
270:History
163:in the
92:pinions
70:) is a
1315:Trains
1091:
829:points
809:ZĂĽrich
685:grades
567:, has
547:1934.
437:square
425:plates
413:, the
381:patent
301:Morgan
293:Locher
291:, and
118:in an
84:trains
82:. The
58:(also
517:Wales
493:Olten
489:Swiss
433:round
422:steel
337:tooth
285:Strub
132:Leeds
120:urban
80:rails
66:, or
1617:2014
1327:2020
1089:ISBN
980:and
919:rack
905:and
822:The
707:, a
569:gear
487:, a
440:rods
411:Bern
303:and
235:The
219:The
165:U.S.
130:and
34:The
962:by
956:in
897:or
807:in
798:in
731:in
515:in
435:or
427:or
289:Abt
187:in
183:on
134:in
110:or
90:or
1682::
1661:,
1603:.
1581:.
1427:^
1411:^
1369:^
1338:^
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1199:.
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1129:.
1055:^
984:.
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676:.
633:.
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534:.
287:,
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156:.
146:,
62:,
54:A
1619:.
1268:.
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465:.
295:.
20:)
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