Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

597:(transmitters of reports of all sorts, including genealogical, historical, and anecdotal reports). The variety of the narrators and their narrations enriched al-Iṣfahānī's literary output, which covers a wide range of topics from amusing tales to the accounts of the Alids' martyrdom. His erudition is best illustrated by Abu Ali al-Muhassin al-Tanukhi's (941–994) comment: "With his encyclopaedic knowledge of music, musicians, poetry, poets, genealogy, history, and other subjects, al-Iṣfahānī established himself as a learned scholar and teacher." 694:, was very likely intended for al-Muhallabī, as well. In return for his literary efforts, according to al-Tanūkhī, al-Isfahani frequently received rewards from the vizier. Furthermore, for the sake of their long-term friendship and out of his respect for al-Isfahani's genius, al-Muhallabī exceptionally tolerated al-Isfahani's uncouth manners and poor personal hygiene. The sources say nothing about al-Isfahani's fate after al-Muhallabī's death. In his last years, according to his student, Muhammad b. Abī al-Fawāris, he suffered from senility ( 792:(694–740), by presenting them positively, while, in some cases, leaving their enemies’ rectitude in question. In spite of that, al-Isfahani is neither keen to identify the imams in the past, nor discuss the qualities of an imam. As a matter of fact, he hardly uses the word, not even applying it to Zayd b. Ali. Furthermore, he does not unconditionally approve any Alid revolt and seems lukewarm towards the group he refers to as Zaydis. Taken together, al-Isfahani's Shi'i conviction is better characterised as moderate love for 1787: 744:

with conflicting reports, al-Isfahani either leaves his readers to decide or issues his judgement as to the most credible account. Yet, he frankly condemns sources whom he holds to be unreliable, for instance, Ibn Khurdādhbih on musicological information and Ibn al-Kalbī on genealogy. Indeed, al-Isfahani assesses his source material with a critical eye, while striving to present a more balanced view on his biographies, by focusing on their merits instead of elaborating on their flaws.

140: 608:, they mention nothing of where he worked or for whom. The details of his occupation as a scribe only came later, with Yaqut, many of whose reports about al-Isfahani prove problematic. For instance, a report from Yaqut claims that al-Isfahani was the scribe of Rukn al-Dawla (d. 976) and mentions his resentment towards Abū al-Faḍl b. al-ʿAmīd (d. 970). However, the very same report was mentioned by Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (active tenth century) in his 711:), as defined by one of his teachers, Abu al-Ṭayyib al-Washshāʾ (d. 937). His unconformity to the social norms did not hinder him from being part of al-Muhallabī's entourage or participation in the literary assemblies, but, inevitably, it resulted in frictions with other scholars and detraction by his enemies. Although al-Isfahani appeared eccentric to his human associates, he was a caring owner of his cat, named Yaqaq (white): he treated Yaqaq's 836:, provides information related to monasteries, with the indication of their geographical locations and, sometimes, history and topographical characteristics. However, it is questionable to what extent the reconstructed editions can represent the original texts, since the passages, which quote al-Isfahani as a source for the given subject and are thus included by the editor, seldom identify the titles of the works. 2225: 873:

because the people at that time were not impressed with verses featuring tenderness and softness. Thus, he only records the Abbasid poetesses, with mention of the relevant fine verses or the pleasant tales, and arranges them in chronological order. There are 31 sections, addressing 32 poetesses, most of which are short and usually begin with al-Isfahani's summary of the subject.

2183: 50: 832:, is a collection of the biographies of the enslaved singing girls. In it, al-Isfahani provided the basic information about the biographical subjects, the men who enslaved them, and their interaction with poets, notables such as caliphs, and their admirers, with illustration of their poetic and/or musical talents. The latter, 678:(903–963), is well-documented. The friendship between the two began before al-Muhallabī's became vizier in 950. The firm relationship between them is supported by al-Isfahani's poetry collected by al-Thaʿālibī (961–1038): half of the fourteen poems are panegyrics dedicated to al-Muhallabī. In addition, al-Isfahani's own work, 3215:, p. 43–44 (Jaʿfar b. Qudāma al-Kātib); 50–51 (al-Ḥusayn b. al-Qāsim al-Kawkabī al-Kātib); 53 (Isḥāq b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk al-Kātib); 41 (ʿAlī b. Ṣāliḥ al-Kātib); 39 (ʿAlī b. al-ʿAbbās al-Ṭalḥī al-Kātib); 39–40 (ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kātib); 49 (al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Kātib); 57 (Muḥammad b. Baḥr al-Iṣfahānī al-Kātib). 784:. Although al-Ṭūsī's view is widely accepted, its veracity is not beyond doubt. Al-Isfahani does not seem to have been informed of the latest Zaydī movements in Yemen and Ṭabaristān during his life, while his association with the Kūfan Zaydī community, which to some degree became less distinguishable from the 1760:

and gave it to Sayf al-Dawla Abu al-Hasan Sadaqa Fakhr al-Din b. Baha al-Dawla, whom Yaqut mistook for the Hamdanid, Sayf al-Dawla. This account is then followed by a comment from al-Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād and a dialogue between al-Muhallabī and al-Isfahani and then returns to the words of Abu al-Qasim, who

1366:

The term, Shi'i, is used in its broadest sense in this article and comprises various still evolving groups, including Imami Shi'is, Zaydīs, Ghulāt, and mild or soft Shi'is (as per van Ess and Crone), as well as those who straddle several sectarian alignments. Such inclusiveness is necessitated by the

484:

In the seats of the caliphate, a few members of the al-Isfahani family worked as scribes, while maintaining friendship or alliance with other scribes, viziers and notables. Like many of the court elite, al-Isfahani's family maintained an amicable relationship with the offspring of Ali and allied with

497:

Given that al-Isfahani and his family very likely settled in Baghdad around the beginning of the tenth century, he interacted with a considerable number of the inhabitants of or visitors to that city, including: Jaḥẓa (d. 936), al-Khaffāf, Ali b. Sulaymān al-Akhfash (d. 927/8), and Muhammad b. Jarir

1454:. Al-Isfahani's direct sources from this family are the famous al-Ṣūlī, Muhammad b. Yahya (d. 335/946 or 336/947), who was the boon companion of a number of the caliphs and a phenomenal chess player; his son, Yahya b. Muhammad al-Ṣūlī; and al-Abbas b. Ali, known as Ibn Burd al-Khiyār. See: See also: 864:

the reports about the experiences of strangers; those away from their homes or their beloved ones. Some of the stories centre on the hardship which strangers, anonymous or not, encountered in their journey or exile, usually shown in the epigrams written on monuments, rocks, or walls. Others relate

730:

In contrast to his personal habits, al-Isfahani's prose style is lucid, “in clear and simple language, with unusual sincerity and frankness”. Al-Isfahani's capacity as a writer is well illustrated by Abu Deeb, who depicts al-Isfahani as "one of the finest writers of Arabic prose in his time, with a

493:

The Isfahani family's extensive network of contacts is reflected in al-Isfahani's sources. Among the direct informants whom al-Isfahani cites in his works, are members of his own family, who were further connected to other notable families, the Al Thawaba, the Banū Munajjim, the Yazīdīs, the Ṣūlīs,

966:

is not the first book or collection of songs in Arabic, but it can be asserted that it is the most important one, for it "is a unique mine of information not only on hundreds of song texts with their modes and meters, but also on the lives of their poets and composers, and on the social context of

889:. Al-Isfahani does not explain the motivation behind this compilation nor mention to whom they were dedicated, but according to the preface of this work, he sets out as a condition to recount the reports about the Ṭālibids who were “praiseworthy in their conduct and rightly guided in their belief ( 743:

and meticulous verification of information, provided in all his works, embody a truly scholarly character. Usually, in his treatment of a subject or an event, al-Isfahani lets his sources speak, but, occasionally, he voices his evaluation of poems and songs, as well as their creators. When dealing

310:

which itself based its information on the testimony of al-Isfahani's student, Muhammad ibn Abi al-Fawaris. However, the credibility of these dates is to be treated with caution. No source places his death earlier than 967, but several place it later. These dates are at odds with a reference in the

526:

and Baghdad did. While al-Isfahani's Baghdadi informants were wide-ranging in their expertise as well as sectarian and theological tendencies, his Kūfan sources can be characterised as either Shi'i or keen on preserving and disseminating memories that favoured Ali and his family. For example, Ibn

485:

families, such as the Thawaba family, sharing their veneration of Ali and Alids. However, it is hard to pinpoint such a reverential attitude towards Alids in terms of sectarian alignment, given the scanty information about al-Isfahani's family and the fluidity of sectarian identities at the time.

1406:

Al-Isfahani has three informants from the Banū Munajjim, whose members were associated with the Abbasid court as boon companions, scholars, or astrologists: Ahmad b. Yahya b. Ali (262–327/876–940); Ali b. Harun b. Ali (277–352/890–963); and Yahya b. Ali b. Yahya (241–300/855–912). About the Banu

298:(from the seventh to the ninth centuries) and the lives of poets and musicians from the pre-Islamic period to al-Isfahani's time. Given his contribution to the documentation of the history of Arabic music, al-Isfahani is characterised by George Sawa as "a true prophet of modern ethnomusicology". 1631:

Al-Washshāʾ says: “It is not permissible for the people of elegance and etiquette to wear dirty clothes with clean ones, or clean ones with new ones,” and they should eat with small morsels, while avoiding gluttony. Al-Isfahani never washed his clothes and shoes and only replaced them when they

872:

was composed at the order of the vizier al-Muhallabī, al-Isfahani's patron, who demanded the collection of the reports about the enslaved women who composed poetry from the Umayyad to the Abbasid periods. Al-Isfahani confesses that he could not find any noteworthy poetess in the Umayyad period,

921:, al-Isfahanis best known work, is an immense compilation, including songs provided with musical indications (melodic modes and meters of songs), the biographies of poets and musicians of different periods in addition to historical material. As noted above, al-Isfahani embarks on compiling the 779:

As an Umayyad by ancestry, al-Isfahani's later biographers mention his Shi'i affiliation with surprise. Yet, in the light of the history of the family's connections with the Abbasid elite of Shi'i inclination and the Ṭālibids, and of his learning experience in Kūfa, his Shi'i conviction is

542:

The journey in search for knowledge taken by al-Isfahani may not be particularly outstanding by the standard of his time, but the diversity of his sources' occupations and expertise is impressive. His informants can be assigned into one or more of the following categories: philologists and

775:

is partly related to al-Isfahani's idol, Ishaq b. Ibrahim, and its information about singers, songs and performance owes a tremendous amount to him. Al-Isfahani's admiration for scholars or men of letters can be detected from time to time, usually in the passing comments in the chains of

788:, is yet to be studied in depth. It is clear, based on examination of how al-Isfahani amended the reports at his disposal, that he honoured Ali, who played a far more prominent role in his works than the first three caliphs, and some of his descendants, including Zaydi Shi'ism's eponym, 1133:, (chain of transmission), to relate the biographical accounts of the authors and composers. Although originally the poems were put to music, the musical signs are no longer legible. Abu ‘l-Faraj spent in total 50 years creating this work, which remains an important historical source. 1485:

Al-Isfahani mentions a conversation between his father and Muhammad b. Khalaf b. al-Marzubānī and notes the long-term friendship and marital tie between the two families; see: I owe this reference to: Muhammad b. Khalaf b. al-Marzubān is a ubiquitous informant in the

1659:

Al-Isfahani specifies not only his sources (the identities of his informants, or the titles of the written material used by him) but also the methods by which he acquired the reports. Now and then, he mentions the occasions on which he received the given information;

904:

313). For each biographical entry, al-Isfahani gives the full name, the lineage (sometimes adding the maternal side). Less often, he additionally gives the virtues and personal traits of the subject and other material he thinks noteworthy, for example the prophetic

706:

As a friend, al-Isfahani was unconventional in the sense that he did not seem to have been bothered to observe the social decorum of his time, as noted by a late biographical source: with his uncleanliness and gluttony, he presented a counterexample to elegance

416:(691–750), al-Isfahani's ancestor, settled in Isfahan. However, it has to be borne in mind that the earliest information available regarding al-Isfahani's family history only dates to the generation of his great-grandfather, Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham, who settled in 751:(772–850). In al-Isfahani's view, Ishaq b. Ibrahim was a multi-talented man, who excelled in a number of subjects, but, most importantly, music. Ishaq b. Ibrahim, as a collector of the reports about poets and singers, is an important source in his 481:. Despite the epithet, al-Isfahani, it does not seem that the Isfahani family had a strong connection with the city of Isfahan. Rather, the family was mainly based in Sāmarrāʾ, from the generation of Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham, and then Baghdad. 474:(1178–1225) work. While many elite families working under the Abbasid caliphate were Shi'i-inclined, indeed allied with Alids or their partisans, there is no evidence that members of the Thawaba family embraced an extreme form of Shi'ism. 1700:

The Zaydī writings in the late ninth and early tenth centuries more or less devote discussion to the role and qualities of imam; see, for example: al-Ḥādī ilā al-Ḥaqq also singled out a line of the Zaydi imams up till his time in his

909:

about, or transmitted by, the subject of the biography in question. Then, al-Isfahani gives the account of the death which, more often than not, constitutes the end of the entry. Sometimes poetry for or by the subject is attached. The

859:

is disputed. The author, whoever he may have been, mentions in the preface his sufferings from the hardship of time and vicissitude of fate, and the solace which he seeks through the stories of bygone people. Hence, he collects in the

1334:

While most of the sources agree that al-Isfahani was amongst the offspring of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan b. Muhammad, Ibn al-Nadīm alone claimed that he was a descendant of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik (72–125/691–743). The majority

1761:

states that he only made one copy of this work in his life and that that is the one given to Sayf al-Dawla. See also: Although Khalafallah admits that his reading is conjectural, he rightly points out the obscurities in this text.

1539:

It has to be kept in mind that the categorisation is based on the attributives given by al-Isfahani. Just as al-Isfahani was not a local Isfahani, the subjects discussed here do not necessarily engage with the professions their

1475:

Yahya b. Muhammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir, identified by al-Isfahani as the nephew of ʿUbaydallāh b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir (d. 300/913), is the son of Muhammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir (d. 296/908–9), the governor of Khurāsān. See

828:(r. 813–833), which was arranged as a song by Mutayyam. The first two have been reconstructed and published by al-ʿAtiyya, who collected and collateed the passages from later works that quote from al-Isfahani. The former, 8628: 404:. Instead of indicating al-Isfahani's birthplace, this epithet seems to be common to al-Isfahani's family. Every reference al-Isfahani makes to his paternal relatives includes the attributive, al-Isfahani. According to 880:

is a historical-biographical compilation concerning the descendants of Abu Talib, who died by being killed, poisoned to death in a treacherous way, on the run from the rulers’ persecution, or confined until death. The

498:

al-Ṭabari (d. 922). Like other scholars of his time, al-Isfahani travelled in pursuit of knowledge. Although the details are insufficient to establish the dates of his journeys, based on the chains of transmission (

8618: 5070:

Quellenuntersuchungen zu den "Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn" des Abū-l-Farağ al-Iṣfahānī (gest. 356/967): Ein Beitrag zur Problematik der mündlichen und schriftlichen Überlieferung in der mittelalterlichen arabischen

8613: 2158: 962:); and third, al-Isfahanis selection of songs. The articles in each part are arranged based on different patterns, but it is mostly the song which introduces the articles on biographies or events. The 6699: 506:) al-Isfahani cites consistently and meticulously in every report, it is certain that he transmitted from ʿAbd al-Malik b. Maslama and ʿĀṣim b. Muhammad in Antakya; ʿAbdallāh b. Muhammad b. Ishaq in 1499:

The Ṭālibid informants of al-Isfahani comprise: Ali b. al-Husayn b. Ali b. Hamza; Ali b. Ibrahim b. Muhammad; Ali b. Muhammad b. Ja'far; Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Ja'far; Muhammad b. Ali b. Hamza; see:

3179:, p. 52–53 (ʿĪsā b. al-Ḥusayn al-Warrāq); 40 (ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Warrāq); 37 (Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Ṣaḥḥāf); 31 (ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. ʿUbayd al-Ṣaḥḥāf); 65 (Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā al-Ṣaḥḥāf). 8653: 1316:

Another spelling, al-Isbahani, is also used in secondary literature. Although al-Isbahani is found in the oldest biographical sources and manuscripts, al-Isfahani will be used in this article.

319:) in 967. Calculation of the approximate dates of his birth and death through the life spans of his students and his direct informants suggests that he was born before 902 and died after 960. 739:(rhyming prose). He was also a fine poet with an opulent imagination. His poetry displays preoccupations similar to those of other urban poets of his time". His pinpoint documentation of 1299:

Al-Isfahani traced his descent to Marwan II as follows: Abu al-Faraj Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Haytham ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan ibn Abd Allah ibn Marwan II ibn

1095:) 'Book of Songs', a collection of Arabic chants rich in information on Arab and Persian poets, singers and other musicians from the 7th to the 10th centuries of major cities such as 1466:

The Banu Hamdun were known for their boon companionship at the Abbasid court in the ninth century; al-Isfahani's informant is Abdallāh b. Ahmad b. Ḥamdūn; about the Banū Ḥamdūn; see:

3227:, p. 61 (Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn al-Kindī was al-Iṣfahānī’s tutor and the preacher at the congregational mosque in Qādisiyya); 40–41 (ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, an imam of a Kūfan mosque). 8668: 6010: 5489:

La signification du bas Moyen Age dans l'histoire et la culture du monde musulman. Actes du 8me Congrès de l'Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants Aix-en-Provence 1976

628:), and genealogy by heart like Abū al-Faraj al-Isfahani. Very proficient in these matters, he is also knowledgeable in the military campaigns and the biography of the Prophet ( 8688: 8087: 466:, al-Isfahani refers to Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba (from the Al Thawaba) as his grandfather on his mother's side. It is often suggested that the family of Thawaba, being 1170:

who rebelled against the government and were killed, slaughtered, executed or poisoned, lived underground, fled or died in captivity. The work is a major source for the

1046:("The Book concerning the Statements of Fāṭima, Peace upon Her, regarding Fadak"). Should the attribution of these two works to al-Isfahani be correct, together with the 96: 7067: 1273:

Other dates of death are in the 360s/970s and 357/967–68, suggested respectively by Ibn al-Nadim (d. 385/995 or 388/998) and Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani (336–430/948–1038)

1450:

The association with the Ṣūlīs likely began in the generation of al-Isfahani's grandfather, Muhammad b. Ahmad, who was close to Ibrahim b. al-Abbas al-Ṣūlī; see the

6839: 4861:

The Twenty-First Volume of Kitāb al-Aġānī; a Collection of Biographies not contained in the edition of Bulāq, Edited from Manuscripts in the Royal Library of Munich

1601:

is Ḥabīb b. Naṣr al-Muhallabī (d. 307/919), presumably from the Muhallabid family, but it is not clear how this informant relates to Abū Muhammad al-Muhallabī; see:

1394:

Al-Isfahani's sources are al-Abbas b. Ahmad b. Thawaba and Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba, al-Isfahani's grandfather from the maternal side, who is cited indirectly.

900:, the work is structured in chronological order, beginning with the first Ṭālibī martyr, Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib, and ends in the year of its compilation, August 925 ( 5793: 358:, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works. He became famous for his knowledge of early Arabian antiquities. 8708: 8643: 3203:, p. 32 (Aḥmad b. al-ʿAbbās al-Muʾaddib); 35 (Aḥmad b. ʿImrān al-Muʾaddib); 61–62 (Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Muʾaddib); 62 (Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Muʾaddib). 5474:

Kilpatrick, Hilary (2004). "On the Difficulty of Knowing Mediaeval Arabic Authors: The Case of Abū l-Faraj and Pseudo-Iṣfahānī". In Hoyland, Robert G. (ed.).

8733: 6704: 8718: 8663: 6301: 2245: 1802: 967:

music making in early Islam and at the courts of the caliphs in Damascus and Baghdad". Because of al-Isfahani's pedantic documentation of his sources, the

8623: 747:

That said, al-Isfahani's personal preferences and sectarian partisanship are not absent from his works. In terms of music and songs, al-Isfahani favours

7192: 1808: 7360: 780:

understandable. Al-Tusi (995–1067) is the only early source specifying the exact sect to which al-Isfahani belonged in the fluid Shi'i world: he was a

755:. Besides being a mine of information, Ishaq b. Ibrahim's terminology for the description of the melodic modes is preferred over that of his opponent, 8683: 7014: 470:, bequeathed their sectarian inclination to al-Isfahani. However, the identification of the Thawaba family as Shi'is is only found in a late source, 8080: 1325:

This misconception, according to Azarnoosh, was first disseminated by Ṭāshkubrīzādah (d. 968/1560) and was thereafter followed by modern scholars.

1243: 8728: 7087: 974:

As for the works that did not survive, based on their contents, as implied by their titles, they can be divided into the following categories:

1141:

published a 21st volume being a collection of biographies not contained in the Bulāq edition, edited from manuscripts in the Royal Library of

7182: 4955: 1921: 1691:

The earliest mention of the Umayyad-Shi'i combination in the biographical sources is perhaps: This is then repeated in later sources; see

1238: 3254:, p. 30 (ʿAbdallāh b. Abī Dāwūd al-Sijistānī); 36–37 (Ibn ʿUqda); 58 (Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī); 59–60 (Muḥammad b. Khalaf Wakīʿ). 2240: 1166:

to the writing of the book in 925/6, who died in an unnatural way. As Abul-Faraj said in the foreword to his work, he included only those

1042:("The Book about the Qur'anic Verses Revealed regarding the Commander of the Faithful and the People of His Family, Peace upon Them") and 675: 1947:

Sawa, S.G. (1985), "The Status and Roles of the Secular Musicians in the Kitab al-Aghani (Book of Songs) of Abu al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī",

1012:("The Battle-Days of the Arabs"), which mentions 1700 days of the pre-Islamic tribal battles and was in circulation only in Andalusia. 8723: 8073: 885:

literature was rather common, particularly amongst Shi'is, before al-Isfahani and he used many works of this genre as sources for the

477:

In summary, al-Isfahani came from a family well-entrenched in the networks of the Abbasid elite, which included the officials and the

5932: 8648: 5736: 5507: 5235: 5079: 4984: 4544: 6979: 522:

as well as Ḥiṣn Mahdī, Mattūth, and Bājistrā. Yet, none of these cities seems to have left as much of an impact on al-Isfahani as

6974: 4535: 431:), Ahmad b. al-Haytham seems to have led a privileged life in Sāmarrāʾ, while his sons were well-connected with the elite of the 6384: 1875: 1863: 767:

because he was commissioned by his patron to reconstruct the list of the exquisite songs selected by Ishaq. In other words, the

8501: 7092: 6869: 6339: 6294: 3278:, p. 37 (Aḥmad b. Sulaymān al-Ṭūsī); 37–38 (Ibn ʿAmmār); 42–43 (Abū Khalīfa al-Jumaḥī); 45–46 (al-Ḥaramī b. Abī al-ʿAlāʾ). 1426:. 228–310/842–922) was the tutor of the children of the caliph, al-Muqtadir (r. 295–320/908–932), and transmitted Abu Ubayda's 1376:

Both Kilpatrick and Azarnoosh follow Khalafallāh's argument as to the Al Thawaba's impact upon al-Isfahani's Shi'i conviction.

931:(chief), to reconstruct the list of one hundred fine songs, selected by Ishaq b. Ibrahim. Due to an obscure report in Yaqut's 6439: 5769: 3558: 3556: 776:

transmission. Yet al-Isfahani outspokenly expresses his admiration, in some cases, such as that of Ibn al-Muʿtazz (862–909).

8045: 5973: 5628:(1970). "Ein früher Bericht über den Aufstand von Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh im Jahr 145 h". Der Islam (in German) (46 ed.). 2369: 2367: 451:(d. 847), the scribe Ibrahim b. al-Abbas al-Ṣūlī (792–857), and the vizier Ubaydallah b. Sulayman (d. 901), along with the 8678: 7709: 6734: 6729: 6636: 1159: 971:

can also be used to reconstruct earlier books of songs or biographical dictionaries on musicians that are otherwise lost.

38: 7340: 6674: 8476: 7217: 6899: 6020:"The Family History of Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī: the Ninth-Century ʿAbbasid Political Elite and the Ṭālibids in Samarra" 4939:

Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra : a History of Religious Thought in Early Islam

31: 1584:

It is noteworthy that the first sentence of this quote is written differently from the works given here in al-Khaṭīb's

459:. The close ties with the Abbasid court continued with Muhammad's sons, al-Hasan and al-Husayn (al-Isfahani's father). 8713: 7097: 6944: 1205: 682:(“Enslaved Women Who Composed Poetry”), is dedicated to the vizier, presumably, al-Muhallabī. His no longer surviving 7029: 1181: 8436: 6964: 8261: 7834: 7004: 6949: 6684: 6631: 6287: 5290:

Hoyland, Robert G (2006). "History, Fiction and Authorship in the First Centuries of Islam". In Bray, Julia (ed.).

1892: 686:(“The Noble Eunuchs”), which addresses two castrated male singers owned by al-Muhallabī, was composed for him. His 268:, (full form: Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham al-Umawī al-Iṣfahānī) (897–967 8110: 8020: 7639: 7506: 7232: 6409: 2200: 612:, where the scribe of Rukn al-Dawla is identified as Abū al-Faraj Ḥamd b. Muhammad, not Abū al-Faraj al-Isfahani. 600:

He was also a scribe and this is not surprising, given his families’ scribal connections, but the details of his

6479: 804:

Al-Isfahani authored a number of works, but only a few survive. Three of them are preserved through quotations:

604:

activities are rather opaque. Although both al-Tanūkhī and al-Baghdādī refer to al-Isfahani with the attribute,

8703: 8658: 8570: 7948: 7596: 7448: 7307: 7212: 5499:

Making the Great Book of Songs: Compilation and the Author's Craft in Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī's Kitāb al-Aghānī

1871: 1367:

lack of clear-cut sectarian delineation (as in the case of the Al Thawaba, discussed here) in the early period.

914:

was used as a reliable source of information by many Shi'i and non-Shi'i compilers of the following centuries.

75: 7995: 7177: 6414: 4880:"The Authorship of the Ghurabāʾ" in The Book of Stranger: Medieval Arabic Graffiti on the Theme of Nostalgia, 306:

The commonly accepted dates of al-Isfahani's birth and death are 897–898 and 967, based on the dates given by

1756:; the original initially mentioned that Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn b. Ali al-Maghribi made an abridgement of the 1286:

to al-Isfahani is much disputed in current scholarship. The scholars who affirm al-Isfahani as the author of

7963: 7854: 7814: 7456: 7398: 7388: 7272: 7252: 6849: 6804: 6651: 6489: 4855: 1385:

Besides the Al Thawaba, one may count among the pro-Alid or Shi'i families the Banū Furāt and Banū Nawbakht.

1138: 315:("The Book of the Etiquettes of Strangers"), attributed to al-Isfahani, to his being in the prime of youth ( 8256: 993:("The Genealogy of the Muhallabids"), this last probably dedicated to his patron, the vizier al-Muhallabi. 8693: 8536: 8446: 8010: 7975: 7953: 7436: 7257: 6904: 6894: 6739: 6419: 448: 92: 8050: 6211: 6146: 5871: 5806: 5530: 5139: 5007: 4777: 4712: 2647: 2645: 435:

capital at that time. His son, Abd al-Aziz b. Ahmad, was "one of the high ranking scribes in the days of

8673: 8531: 8005: 7985: 7943: 7859: 7644: 7476: 7187: 6994: 6789: 6556: 6546: 6369: 5633: 1064:("The Book of Songs"), an encyclopaedia of over 20 volumes and editions. However, he additionally wrote 958:) and other song collections; second, the songs of the caliphs and of their children and grandchildren ( 616:

Amongst the Shīʿī narrators whom we have seen, none has memorised poems, melodies, reports, traditions (

307: 8441: 8271: 6709: 1786: 8356: 8346: 7819: 7779: 7664: 7659: 7526: 7511: 7267: 6939: 6889: 6814: 6799: 6794: 6689: 6656: 6641: 6621: 6494: 6399: 6379: 6004: 756: 8421: 8411: 8351: 8241: 5656:"Insights into Avicenna's Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Medicine and His Account of An Enema Device" 8638: 8633: 8391: 8381: 8040: 8030: 8000: 7958: 7938: 7894: 7749: 7714: 7481: 7172: 7157: 6864: 6611: 6581: 6429: 6210:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 6145:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5870:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5805:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5529:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5006:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 4776:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 4711:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 2425: 2423: 1300: 943:(r. 945–967), but recent studies suggest that a more plausible candidate for the dedication of the 735:

in a rich, lucid, rhythmic, and precise style, only occasionally exploiting such formal effects as

670:

Thus, it is hard to know with certainty how and where al-Isfahani was engaged in his capacity as a

4891: 3495: 3493: 3491: 1925: 152:), 1216–20, by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, a collection of songs by famous musicians and Arab poets. 8587: 8546: 8426: 8341: 7980: 7704: 7674: 7649: 7624: 7350: 7315: 7242: 7082: 6934: 6769: 6764: 6679: 6646: 6576: 6334: 6251: 6186: 5960: 5911: 5846: 5787: 5570: 5179: 5047: 4817: 4752: 2513:, vol. 12, p. 29; vol. 14, p. 113, 157; vol. 16, p. 317–318; vol. 19, p. 35, 49; vol. 20, p. 116. 1964: 205: 8251: 8231: 6879: 6596: 6561: 5476:

Islamic Reflections, Arabic Musings. Studies in Honour of Professor Alan Jones from His Students

8236: 3155:, p. 41–42 (al-Akhfash); 60–61 (Ibn Durayd); 32 (Ibn Rustam); 30 (ʿAbd al-Malik al-Ḍarīr). 139: 8416: 8336: 8291: 8246: 8035: 8025: 8015: 7990: 7927: 7869: 7829: 7729: 7516: 7471: 7297: 7024: 6999: 6984: 6744: 6666: 6616: 6566: 6454: 6310: 6233: 6225: 6168: 6160: 6102: 6085: 6068: 6039: 5952: 5893: 5885: 5828: 5820: 5775: 5765: 5742: 5732: 5713: 5667: 5613: 5552: 5544: 5513: 5503: 5462: 5434: 5417: 5400: 5365: 5339: 5322: 5278: 5252: 5231: 5201:"The Community Divided: A Textual Analysis of the Murders of Idrīs b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 175/791)" 5161: 5153: 5122: 5085: 5075: 5029: 5021: 4990: 4980: 4961: 4951: 4924: 4799: 4791: 4734: 4726: 4695: 4687: 4670: 4662: 4629:

Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī wa-kitābuhu al-Aghānī: dirāsa wa-taḥlīl li-azhā al-ʿuṣūr al-islāmiyya

4540: 1902: 1833: 1225: 1120: 409: 5301:

Majmūʿ Rasāʾil al-Imām al-Hādī ilā al-Ḥaqq al-Qawīm Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥusayn b. al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm

4682:

Bahramian, Ali (1992). "Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).

452: 8386: 8376: 8371: 8301: 8226: 8196: 8127: 7970: 7889: 7844: 7774: 7694: 7619: 7604: 7531: 7521: 7501: 7077: 7019: 6719: 6591: 6586: 6528: 6504: 6499: 6474: 6217: 6152: 6031: 5985: 5944: 5877: 5812: 5536: 5264:

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (2002). Abū Ghadda, ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ; Abū Ghadda, Sulaymān ʿA. (eds.).

5223: 5145: 5114: 5013: 4943: 4783: 4718: 4654: 2407: 2405: 2230:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

2170: 1956: 1841: 1823: 1204:. At this meeting, al-'Abdallah made the Hashimites pledge an oath of allegiance to his son 901: 855:("The Enslaved Women Who Composed Poetry"). As noted above, al-Isfahani's authorship of the 748: 273: 8331: 4839:"Crossing Sectarian Boundaries in the 4th/10th Century: Ibn 'Uqda, a Man for All Seasons,'" 1357:

For the identity of Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba and other members of the Al Thawaba, see:

1127:

era, up to his own time. Abu ‘l-Faraj employs the classical Arabic genealogical device, or

8698: 8563: 8306: 7769: 7759: 7699: 7629: 7586: 7541: 7536: 7466: 7461: 7413: 7009: 6859: 6626: 6459: 6424: 6263: 6198: 5923: 5858: 5654:

Nezhad, Golnoush S. M.; Dalfardi, Behnam; Ghanizadeh, Ahmad; Golzari, Samad E. J. (2015).

5646: 5582: 5191: 5059: 4908:

al-Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (1995). Muʿawwaḍ, ʿAlī M.; ʿAbd al-Mawjūd, ʿĀdil A. (eds.).

4829: 4764: 1348:

mentions Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham's possession of slaves, which may indicate his being wealthy.

1085: 1060: 471: 401: 290: 281: 257: 209: 6969: 4859: 294:("The Book of Songs"), which includes information about the earliest attested periods of 6019: 1119:. The Book of Songs contains details of the ancient Arab tribes and courtly life of the 17: 8592: 8361: 8178: 8149: 7899: 7879: 7804: 7764: 7754: 7744: 7724: 7609: 7486: 7380: 7370: 7287: 7107: 7034: 6854: 6844: 6724: 6571: 1887: 1879: 940: 397: 370: 328: 6394: 6052: 1416:

The Yazīdīs were famed for its members’ mastery of poetry, the Qurʾānic readings, the

8607: 8296: 7884: 7874: 7784: 7734: 7684: 7654: 7561: 7556: 7546: 7408: 7320: 7277: 7167: 7147: 7117: 7072: 7044: 6909: 6874: 6809: 6358: 6221: 6156: 5964: 5881: 5816: 5540: 5017: 4787: 4722: 2236: 2231: 1883: 1867: 436: 101: 65: 6929: 4658: 2389: 2387: 2385: 7864: 7839: 7824: 7794: 7789: 7689: 7679: 7581: 7571: 7551: 7496: 7345: 7207: 7112: 7039: 6919: 6819: 6774: 6444: 6374: 6207: 6142: 5867: 5802: 5625: 5526: 5149: 5003: 4773: 4708: 1158:), Tālibid Fights, a collection of more than 200 biographies of the descendants of 789: 295: 85: 7393: 6714: 5219:

The Origin of the Shīʿa: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kūfa

4646: 2187: 1224:) 'The Book of the Poet-slaves', a collection of accounts of poetic slaves of the 825: 593:, the Qurʾānic recitations and exegeses, or jurisprudence) and judges; poets; and 5299:

b. al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥādī ilā al-Ḥaqq, Yaḥyā (2001). al-Shādhilī, ʿAbdallāh M. (ed.).

5227: 5135: 2204: 1512:, either settled in Baghdad with him or at least active for some time there; see: 1040:

Kitab ma nazala min al-Qur'an fi amir al-mu'minīn wa-ahl baytih 'alayhim al-salam

276:) was a writer, historian, genealogist, poet, musicologist and scribe. He was of 8431: 7904: 7849: 7809: 7739: 7614: 7566: 7403: 7365: 7335: 7247: 7142: 6924: 6914: 6884: 6834: 6779: 6551: 6509: 6464: 6434: 6404: 6389: 5948: 3266:, p. 42 (ʿĀṣim b. Muḥammad al-Shāʿir); 49 (al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Shāʿir). 1189: 1073: 456: 447:. al-Isfahani's grandfather), was associated with Abbasid officials, the vizier 8216: 5217: 2159:"Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Iṣfahānī, the Author of the Kitāb al-Aghānī" 1809:"Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Iṣfahānī, the Author of the Kitāb al-Aghānī" 1793: 1123:

and provides a complete overview of the Arab civilization from the pre-Islamic

8266: 8105: 7799: 7719: 7576: 7491: 7355: 7330: 7292: 7282: 7237: 7162: 7152: 7137: 7132: 7102: 7054: 6989: 6959: 6784: 6694: 6469: 6323: 5386:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (2000). al-Baqāʿī, Yūsuf; al-Shaykh, Gharīd (eds.).

1185: 455:

notables, including al-Husayn b. al-Husayn b. Zayd, who was the leader of the

355: 269: 6237: 6229: 6172: 6164: 6072: 6043: 5956: 5897: 5889: 5832: 5824: 5671: 5556: 5548: 5421: 5404: 5343: 5326: 5282: 5165: 5157: 5126: 5033: 5025: 4965: 4928: 4803: 4795: 4738: 4730: 4699: 4691: 4674: 4666: 2209:. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 300. 1906: 1837: 519: 361:

His later life was spent in various parts of the Islamic world, including in

8506: 8065: 7325: 7227: 7202: 7122: 6954: 6824: 6754: 6606: 6601: 6106: 6089: 5779: 5746: 5717: 5617: 5517: 5466: 5438: 5369: 5256: 5118: 5089: 4994: 4838: 2175: 1828: 1137:

The first printed edition, published in 1868, contained 20 volumes. In 1888

1124: 1108: 1069: 781: 413: 378: 351: 5308:

Ibn al-ʿImād (1986). al-Arnāʾūṭ, ʿAbd al-Qādir; al-Arnāʾūṭ, Maḥmūd (eds.).

5138:. In Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). 2182: 1434:, and the works of his family; many of his narrations are preserved in the 5098: 4947: 4937: 4918: 1845: 8541: 8526: 8516: 8496: 8471: 8366: 8164: 7669: 7262: 7222: 7127: 6829: 6449: 6035: 5759: 5728:

Music Performance Practice in the Early Abbasid era 132–320 AH/750–932 AD

5726: 5707: 5497: 5068: 1304: 1163: 1100: 785: 467: 405: 382: 366: 8186: 7197: 7059: 6749: 5699:

Und der Kalif beschenkte ihn reichlich: Auszüge aus dem Buch der Lieder

5679:

al-Rassī, al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm (2001). Jadabān, ʿAbd al-Karīm A. (ed.).

5246: 1575:

For the few references by al-Isfahani to his administrative tasks, see:

1193: 1175: 1171: 1112: 1104: 523: 432: 417: 344: 336: 285: 186: 171: 5989: 2249:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 79. 1968: 1188:

meeting that took place after the assassination of the Umayyad Caliph

839:

Four works survive in manuscripts and have been edited and published:

494:

the Banū Ḥamdūn, the Ṭāhirids, the Banū al-Marzubān and the Ṭālibids.

8511: 8466: 8311: 8221: 8191: 8158: 8135: 7634: 6484: 5456: 1417: 1201: 1142: 1065: 584: 557: 385: 362: 347: 6279: 5200: 4974: 4917:

al-Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (2004). ʿAbd al-Mannān, Ḥassān (ed.).

3242:, vol. 15, p. 255; vol. 19, p. 38; vol. 20, p. 163; vol. 21, p. 158. 1167: 6097:

al-Tanūkhī, Abū ʿAlī al-Muḥassin (1995). al-Shālijī, ʿAbbūd (ed.).

6080:

al-Tanūkhī, Abū ʿAlī al-Muḥassin (1978). al-Shālijī, ʿAbbūd (ed.).

5758:". In Danielson, Virginia; Marcus, Scott; Reynolds, Dwight (eds.). 5599:

al-Munajjid, Salāḥ al-Dīn (1972). al-Munajjid, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (ed.).

5317:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1972). al-Munajjid, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (ed.).

5273:

Ibn Hazm, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (1962). Hārūn, ʿAbd al-Salām M. ʿA. (ed.).

1960: 1015:

The reports about music, musicians and singers: the aforementioned

8402: 8282: 5303:(in Arabic). Ṣaʿda: Muʾassasat al-Imām Zayd b. ʿAlī al-Thaqāfiyya. 1209: 1197: 1129: 1116: 1096: 1077: 720: 712: 574: 536: 511: 507: 478: 5433:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Cairo: Maktabat al-Anjalū al-Miṣriyya. 624:(narrations with chains of transmission, including the Prophetic 6057:(The Book of Songs): An Analysis of the Biography of Ibn Surayǧ" 5601:

Muqaddima of Kitāb adab al-ghurabāʾ, by Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī

5592:

Der Imam al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm und die Glaubenslehre der Zaiditen

4347: 4345: 4343: 1178: 926: 340: 332: 277: 8069: 7925: 7434: 6526: 6356: 6321: 6283: 5655: 1774:

seem to have been only available in the Iberian Peninsula; see:

8629:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature (J2W)

5681:

Majmūʿ kutub wa-rasāʾil li-l-Imām al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-Rassī

5446:

Ibn Khallikān, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1972). ʿAbbās, Iḥsān (ed.).

793: 763:. Furthermore, al-Isfahani embarked on the compilation of the 543:

grammarians; singers and musicians; booksellers and copyists (

43: 5395:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym (1990). Ḥasan, Sayyid Kasrawī (ed.).

5292:

Writing and Representation in Medieval Islam: Muslim Horizons

2186:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

6114:

al-Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān (1992). al-Ṭanjī, Muḥammad T. (ed.).

5688:

al-Qifṭī, ʿAlī b. Yūsuf (1986). Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad A. (ed.).

5364:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. 4228: 4226: 4224: 3076: 3074: 1641:

For the discussion of colic and its treatment by enema; see:

1508:

al-Isfahani's uncle, al-Hasan b. Muhammad, mentioned in the

816:(“The Abridgement of the Book of Songs”). A fragment of the 5377:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1991). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

5351:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1989). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

5334:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1984). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

4772:

Bosworth, Clifford E.; Marín, Manuela; Smith, G.R. (2012).

1791:

This article was adapted from the following source under a

996:

The reports about specified or unspecified topics, such as

674:. Nevertheless, al-Isfahani's association with the vizier, 5455:

al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (2001). Maʿrūf, Bashshār ʿA. (ed.).

1998:, vol. 13, p. 338; vol. 2, p. 213 (On Ibn Abī al-Fawāris). 1736: 8619:

Knowledge articles published in WikiJournal of Humanities

5321:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jadīd. 796:

without impugning the dignity of the caliphs before him.

335:) but spent his youth and undertook his early studies in 8614:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature

5390:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī. 5268:(in Arabic). Beirut: Maktabat al-Muṭbūʿāt al-Islāmiyya. 4479: 4477: 1798: 1752:

to Sayf al-Dawla came from a misreading of the text in

954:

is divided into three parts: first, The Hundred Songs (

731:

remarkable ability to relate widely different types of

197:

Ali ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham

27:

Arab historian, writer, poet and musicologist (897–967)

5731:. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 2080: 2078: 2076: 5360:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1991). Ṣaqr, Aḥmad (ed.).

2188:

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported

1422:, and philology. Muhammad b. al-Abbas al-Yazīdī (d. 354:, and was thus connected with the Umayyad rulers in 8580: 8555: 8489: 8459: 8400: 8324: 8280: 8209: 8177: 8148: 8126: 8119: 7595: 7447: 7379: 7306: 7053: 6665: 6539: 5431:Ṣāḥib al-Aghānī: Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī al-Rāwiya 4636:Ibn al‑Athīr (1987). al-Daqqāq, Muḥammad Y. (ed.). 925:first under the command of a patron, whom he calls 239: 231: 216: 201: 193: 179: 157: 123: 8654:10th-century historians from the Abbasid Caliphate 2948:, p. 140–141; 141–144; 150; 161–162; 190–191. 2894: 640:), and the accomplishments required of courtiers ( 5277:(in Arabic) (5 ed.). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 5245:al-Ḥamawī, Yāqūt (1922). Rifāʿī, Aḥmad F. (ed.). 2206:Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3 1737:section on Personalities, preferences and beliefs 1000:("The Book of Tavern-Keepers, Male and Female"), 960:aghani al-khulafa wa-awladihim wa-awlad awladihim 343:). He was a direct descendant of the last of the 91:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 6009:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5338:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār al-Niḍāl. 4923:(in Arabic). Beirut: Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyya. 4649:. In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). 3167:, p. 42 (Dhukāʾ Wajh al-Ruzza); 34 (Jaḥẓa). 1050:, they reveal al-Isfahani's Shi'i partisanship. 1044:Kitab fihi kalam Fatima alayha al-salam fi Fadak 1038:There are two works, only mentioned by al-Tusi: 5683:(in Arabic). Sana’a: Dār al-Ḥikma al-Yamāniyya. 614: 535:was invariably cited for the reports about the 6275:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn. 6136:(in Arabic). Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. 6127:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4912:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4640:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4622:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4613:(in Arabic). Cairo: Sharikat Nawābigh al-Fikr. 1530:Compare, for instance, his teacher, al-Ṭabarī. 1031:("The Etiquettes of Listening to Music"), and 396:The epithet, al-Isfahani, refers to the city, 8081: 6295: 6123:al-Thaʿālibī (1983). Qamīḥa, Mufīd M. (ed.). 6101:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5976:The Shīʿī Past in Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī's 5709:Dirāsat Kitāb al-Aghānī wa-minhaj muʾallifihi 5461:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. 5399:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī. 4942:. Translated by O’Kane, John. Leiden: Brill. 3839: 3467: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3104: 3008: 2996: 2984: 2972: 2933: 2855: 2816: 2762: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 1023:("The Reports concerning Jahza al-Barmaki"), 759:(779–839), and adopted by al-Isfahani in his 8: 8669:Encyclopedists of the medieval Islamic world 5701:(in German). Tübingen: Horst Erdmann Verlag. 5074:(in German). Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. 4507: 4013: 3656: 3562: 3437: 2957: 2373: 1992: 1748:The misconception that al-Isfahani gave his 1219: 1153: 1090: 865:excursions to the monasteries for drinking. 5608:Ibn al-Nadīm (1988). Tajaddud, Riḍā (ed.). 5603:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jadīd. 4556: 4444: 4417: 3917: 3302: 2882: 2690: 2573: 2522: 2331: 2096: 1058:Al-Isfahani is best known as the author of 989:("The Genealogy of the Banu Shayban"), and 636:), lexicography, grammar, legendary tales ( 8689:People from the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo 8456: 8397: 8277: 8174: 8145: 8123: 8088: 8074: 8066: 7922: 7444: 7431: 6536: 6523: 6353: 6318: 6302: 6288: 6280: 6099:Nishwār al-muḥāḍara wa-akhbār al-mudhākara 5992:. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16 5792:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5692:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī. 4522: 4495: 4468: 4456: 4319: 4232: 4215: 4179: 4053: 3956: 3905: 3800: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3728: 3716: 3617: 3577: 3191:, p. 32 (Abū al-Qāsim al-Shīrbābakī). 3080: 2921: 2585: 2271: 2259: 2144: 2120: 2108: 1893:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 1597:Among the frequently cited sources in the 441:min kibār al-kuttāb fī ayyām al-Mutawakkil 138: 120: 5310:Shadharāt al-dhahab fī akhbār man dhahaba 5222:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4351: 3668: 3629: 3395: 3314: 3065: 2597: 2343: 2319: 2174: 2067: 1955:(1), Asian Music, Vol. 17, No. 1: 68–82, 1827: 981:("The Genealogy of the Banu Abd Shams"), 851:("The Etiquettes of the Strangers"), and 423:Based on al-Isfahani's references in the 408:(994–1064), some descendants of the last 37:For other people named Abu al-Faraj, see 5448:Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān 5251:(in Arabic). Cairo: Maṭbūʿāt al-Maʾmūn. 5205:Journal of the American Oriental Society 4873:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 4101: 3140: 2750: 1035:("The Treatise on the Rules of Tones"). 30:For other people named Al-Isfahani, see 6132:al-Ṭūsī (1991). Ṣādiq, Muḥammad (ed.). 5761:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 5594:(in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 4878:Crone, Patricia; Moreh, Shmuel (2000). 4580: 4568: 4405: 4363: 4041: 3407: 3092: 2945: 2549: 2132: 2084: 1924:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from 1854: 1462: 1460: 1446: 1444: 1402: 1400: 1254: 1244:List of Iranian scientists and scholars 808:("The Singing Girls Enslaved by Men"), 6259: 6249: 6194: 6184: 6125:Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿaṣr 6002: 5919: 5909: 5854: 5844: 5785: 5712:(in Arabic). Baghdad: ʿĀlam al-Kutub. 5642: 5631: 5578: 5568: 5187: 5177: 5055: 5045: 4885:. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. 4825: 4815: 4760: 4750: 4077: 4065: 3788: 3740: 3692: 2307: 2283: 824:ʾ, which quotes a poem by the caliph, 527:ʿUqda (d. 944), mentioned in both the 514:. If we accept the attribution of the 5491:(in French). Aix-en-Provence: Édisud. 4890:Abū Deeb, K. "Abū'l-Faraj Eṣfahānī". 4592: 4429: 4089: 3812: 3680: 3641: 3589: 3544: 3514: 3452: 3383: 3368: 3287: 3128: 2843: 2804: 2609: 2561: 2218: 2216: 2037: 702:Personality, preferences, and beliefs 327:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani was born in 7: 8709:Musicians from the Abbasid Caliphate 8644:10th-century Arabic-language writers 5980:: A Literary and Historical Analysis 5612:(in Arabic). Tehran: Dār al-Masīra. 5416:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 5381:(in Arabic). London: Riad El-Rayyes. 5355:(in Arabic). London: Riad El-Rayyes. 5312:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr. 4483: 3866: 3704: 3326: 3026:, vol. 13, p. 25; vol. 14, p. 46–50. 2295: 1980: 1901:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 118. 1239:List of Arab scientists and scholars 1008:("The Reports and Rare Tales"), and 891:maḥmūd al-ṭarīqa wa-sadīd al-madhhab 443:)". Another son, Muhammad b. Ahmad ( 288:. He is best known as the author of 8734:Poets of the medieval Islamic world 7928:National literatures of Arab states 5984:(Thesis). University of Edinburgh. 4631:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 4164: 3998: 3893: 2678: 2666: 2636: 2624: 2495: 2468: 2456: 2444: 1220: 1154: 1091: 985:("The Compendium of Genealogies"), 510:; and Yahya b. Aḥmad b. al-Jawn in 261: 8719:Historians under the Buyid dynasty 8664:10th-century Arabic-language poets 5690:Inbāh al-ruwāt ʿalā anbāh al-nuḥāt 4979:(in German). Harrassowitz Verlag. 4871:Medieval Islamic Political Thought 4203: 4191: 4137: 4125: 4113: 3929: 3116: 1290:include: On the opposite side are: 1004:("Reports about Party Crashers"), 822:Uyun al-anba' fi tabaqat al-atibba 81:for transliterated languages, and 61:of its non-English content, using 25: 8624:Externally peer reviewed articles 6271:al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn (2002). 5429:Khalafallāh, Muḥammad A. (1962). 4910:Mīzān al-iʿtidāl fī naqd al-rijāl 4854:al-Isfahani, Abu’l Faraj (1888), 4149: 998:Kitab al-Khammarin wa-l-khammarat 956:al-mi'a al-ṣawt al-mukhtara 8684:Poets from the Abbasid Caliphate 6222:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5367 6157:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3187 6084:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5882:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_0202 5817:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_1365 5541:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7177 5483:Kilpatrick, Hilary (1978). "The 5018:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5501 4976:Die Quellen des "Kitāb al-Aġānī" 4788:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1152 4723:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1133 4627:al-Aṣmaʿī, Muḥammad ʿA. (1951). 4536:Chambers Biographical Dictionary 3803:, p. 46–47, 68–69, 114–115. 3731:, p. 40–46, 60–63, 115–119. 3499: 2895:Bosworth, Marín & Smith 2012 2223: 2181: 1785: 1068:, an anthology of verses on the 820:is found in Ibn Abi Uṣaybi'a's ʿ 518:to al-Isfahani, he once visited 420:sometime between 835–6 and 847. 48: 6340:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions 6118:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5660:Acta medico-historica Adriatica 5450:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5002:Fleischhammer, Manfred (2012). 4973:Fleischhammer, Manfred (2004). 4659:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0059 4304: 4289: 4274: 4259: 3595:, vol. 13, p. 101–102, 107–108. 2828: 2789: 2534: 2355: 2052: 2022: 589:); religious scholars (of the 238: 6440:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri 5478:. Oxford: Gibb Memorial Trust. 5150:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_0105 4707:Bosworth, Clifford E. (2012). 3941: 3878: 3851: 3824: 3236: 3050: 3035: 3020: 2906: 2867: 2774: 2651: 2507: 1680:section on al-Iṣfahānī’s works 1553:See also the footnotes above: 132:أَبُو الْفَرَج الْأصْفَهَانِيّ 97:multilingual support templates 1: 8729:Iranian Arabic-language poets 6637:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi 6216:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 6206:Zetterstéen, Karl V. (2012). 6151:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 6053:"al-Iṣfahānī's Fandom in the 5876:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5811:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5754:Sawa, George D. (2002). "The 5535:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5487:of Abū l-Farağ al-Iṣbahānī". 5144:(3 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5103:Literature in Medieval Islam" 5012:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4782:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4717:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4686:(1 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4653:(1 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4244: 4025: 3338: 2429: 1632:became too shabby to put on. 1160:Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib 652:), some notions of medicine ( 317:fi ayyam al-shabiba wa-l-siba 254:Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Iṣfahānī 39:Abu al-Faraj (disambiguation) 8477:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam 5933:"Die Literatur der Zaiditen" 5228:10.1017/cbo9780511862618.002 5107:Journal of Arabic Literature 4864:, Toronto: Lidin Matba' Bril 4645:Azarnoosh, Azartash (1992). 4390: 4375: 4331: 3529: 3479: 3422: 3353: 2480: 1184:and the main source for the 947:is the vizier al-Muhallabī. 32:Al-Isfahani (disambiguation) 7098:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib 6141:Vadet, Jean-Claude (2012). 5949:10.1515/islm.1910.1.3-4.354 5931:Strothmann, Rudolf (1990). 5496:Kilpatrick, Hilary (2003). 5134:Günther, Sebastian (2007). 5097:Günther, Sebastian (1994). 5067:Günther, Sebastian (1991). 2007: 1864:"Abu 'l-Faradj al-Isbahani" 1611: 1563: 1451: 1206:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya 1080:, and a genealogical work. 847:("The Book of the Songs"), 749:Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Mawsili 284:origin and mainly based in 183:967 (aged 69–70) 8750: 8262:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 6632:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 6024:Journal of Islamic Studies 5590:Madelung, Wilferd (1965). 5136:"Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī" 4092:, p. 100, footnote 4. 3983: 3968: 3608:, p. 161 (quotation), 167. 2411: 2393: 1715: 1679: 1262: 373:(to whom he dedicated the 36: 29: 8724:10th-century Shia Muslims 8111:Persian traditional music 8101: 8096:Medieval Perso-Arab music 7934: 7921: 7640:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar 7443: 7430: 6535: 6522: 6365: 6352: 6330: 6317: 5801:Sellheim, Rudolf (2012). 3743:, p. 38–55, 101–118. 2163:WikiJournal of Humanities 1816:WikiJournal of Humanities 1521:About Ibn ʿUqd, see also: 1033:Risala fi 'ilal al-nagham 843:("The Ṭālibid Martyrs"), 812:("The Monasteries"), and 676:Abū Muḥammad al-Muhallabī 462:In various places in the 247: 224: 137: 130: 8649:10th-century biographers 8571:Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir 8522:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani 7030:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli 6082:al-Faraj baʿda al-shidda 5725:Sawa, George D. (1989). 5414:Abū al-Faraj al-Aṣbahānī 4869:Crone, Patricia (2005). 4837:Brown, Jonathan (2008). 4620:Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī 2717:, p. 38, 40, 68–69. 977:The genealogical works: 941:Sayf al-Dawla al-Ḥamdānī 131: 125:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani 18:Abu al-Faraj Al-Isfahani 7399:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi 6850:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani 6705:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi 6490:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith 6385:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād 5868:"Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī" 5697:Rotter, Gernot (1977). 5458:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 5275:Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab 5119:10.1163/157006494x00103 4936:van Ess, Josef (2017). 4510:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 4508:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 4420:, p. 101, 105–110. 4295:, p. 25–26, 29–31. 3815:, p. 19–20, 25–26. 3565:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 3563:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 3440:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 3438:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2960:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 2958:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2432:Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab 2376:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 2374:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2246:Encyclopædia Britannica 1995:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 1993:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 1510:Tarikh Madinat al-Salam 1216:Kitāb al-Imā'āš-šawā'ir 1021:Akhbzr Jahza al-Barmaki 1019:("The Noble Eunuchs"), 939:is often assumed to be 648:), veterinary science ( 579:); imams or preachers ( 8537:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 6905:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari 6895:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya 6410:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah 6213:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6148:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5873:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5808:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5706:Sallūm, Dāwūd (1969). 5641:Cite journal requires 5532:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5525:Leder, Stefan (2012). 5485:Kitāb adab al-ghurabāʾ 5412:Jabrī, Shafīq (1965). 5216:Haider, Najam (2011). 5199:Haider, Najam (2008). 5141:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5009:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4920:Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ 4779:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4714:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4684:Encyclopaedia Islamica 4651:Encyclopaedia Islamica 3947:, vol. 10, p. 228–229. 3755:, p. 46–47,66–69. 3647:, vol. 13, p. 104–105. 3550:, vol. 13, p. 101–103. 3374:, vol. 13, p. 110–111. 3293:, vol. 13, p. 129–130. 2145:Crone & Moreh 2000 1922:"ABU'L-FARAJ EṢFAHĀNĪ" 1006:al-Akhbar wa-l-nawadir 668: 656:), astrology, drinks ( 331:, Persia (present-day 8532:Safi al-Din al-Urmawi 7645:Abdur Rahman Kashgari 7477:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi 7178:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 6995:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 6557:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib 6547:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi 6370:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel 5502:. London: Routledge. 4948:10.1163/9789004323384 4893:Encyclopaedia Iranica 4856:Brünnow, Rudolf-Ernst 4638:al‑Kāmil fī al-tārīkh 4618:ʿĀṣī, Ḥusayn (1993). 4396:, p. 24–25, 565. 4155:, vol. 2, p. 169–193. 3485:, vol. 3, p. 127–131. 2615:, vol. 4, p. 147–149. 2176:10.15347/wjh/2020.001 1829:10.15347/WJH/2020.001 1726:For an example, see: 1027:("The Slave Poets"), 1025:al-Mamalik al-shu'ara 622:al-aḥādīth al-musnada 516:Kitab Adab al-ghuraba 313:Kitab Adab al-ghuraba 308:al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 8679:Writers from Isfahan 8447:Sarirah al-Ra’iqiyya 8357:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi 8347:Ulayya bint al-Mahdi 7820:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi 7780:Mohamed Said Raihani 7665:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal 7512:Suleyman al-Boustani 7341:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya 6890:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur 6815:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa 6795:Abu Mansur al-Azhari 6690:Abu Firas al-Hamdani 6652:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a 6642:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari 6622:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr 6495:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma 6400:Al-Khirniq bint Badr 5866:Stern, S.M. (2012). 5362:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 5294:. London: Routledge. 4609:Amīn, Aḥmad (2009). 4435:, vol. 13, p. 97–98. 2765:, p. 32, 64–65. 2201:De Slane, Mac Guckin 2043:, vol. 13, p. 95–97. 1150:Maqātil aṭ-Ṭālibīyīn 1139:Rudolf Ernst Brünnow 1048:Maqatil al-Talibiyin 1002:Akhbar al-tufayliyin 979:Nasab Bani Abd Shams 887:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 878:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 841:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 757:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi 660:), and other things. 561:); friends; tutors ( 489:Education and career 59:specify the language 57:This article should 7895:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra 7750:Ihsan Abdel Quddous 7482:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq 6865:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari 6740:Baha' al-din Zuhair 6612:Layla al-Akhyaliyya 6480:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya 6430:Antarah ibn Shaddad 6420:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl 6208:"Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir" 6051:Su, I-Wen (2018b). 6018:Su, I-Wen (2018a). 5336:al-Imāʿ al-shawāʿir 4595:, pp. 258–262. 3857:, vol. 1, p. 15–16. 3502:al-Imāʿ al-shawāʿir 1928:on 16 November 2011 1862:M. Nallino (1960). 1282:The attribution of 1221:كتاب الإماء الشواعر 1162:, from the time of 870:al-Imāʾ al-shawāʿir 680:al-Imāʾ al-shawāʿir 654:nutafan min al-ṭibb 262:أبو الفرج الأصفهاني 174:, Abbasid Caliphate 8714:Buyid-period poets 8588:Islamic Golden Age 8547:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 8442:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 8427:Inan bint Abdallah 8342:Ibrahim al-Mawsili 7705:Abdul Rahman Munif 7675:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel 7650:Muhammad al-Maghut 7625:Ahlam Mosteghanemi 7351:Hamdallah Mustawfi 7316:Ahmad ibn Arabshah 6935:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 6770:Al-Hariri of Basra 6765:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan 6710:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 6647:Dorayd bin Al Soma 6577:Maysun bint Bahdal 6415:'Alqama ibn 'Abada 6335:Namara inscription 6116:Akhlāq al‑wazīrayn 6036:10.1093/jis/ety001 5972:Su, I-Wen (2016). 4471:, p. 259–267. 4447:, p. 101–110. 4408:, p. 205–206. 4366:, p. 200–205. 4354:, p. 734–735. 4170:, p. 431–432. 4140:, p. 253–260. 4128:, p. 183–265. 4104:, p. 223–228. 3932:, p. 175–179. 3908:, p. 111–112. 3896:, p. 275–289. 3869:, p. 384–385. 3840:Fleischhammer 2004 3779:, p. 112–113. 3767:, p. 111–119. 3632:, p. 730–731. 3568:, vol. 13, p. 340. 3520:, vol. 13, p. 100. 3468:Fleischhammer 2004 3458:, vol. 13, p. 105. 3443:, vol. 13, p. 339. 3413:, p. 421–422. 3410:Akhlāq al‑wazīrayn 3398:, p. 726–727. 3305:, p. 168–169. 3276:Fleischhammer 2004 3264:Fleischhammer 2004 3252:Fleischhammer 2004 3225:Fleischhammer 2004 3213:Fleischhammer 2004 3201:Fleischhammer 2004 3189:Fleischhammer 2004 3177:Fleischhammer 2004 3165:Fleischhammer 2004 3153:Fleischhammer 2004 3119:, p. 204–209. 3105:Fleischhammer 2004 3095:, p. 127–131. 3041:, vol. 17, p. 157. 3009:Fleischhammer 2004 2997:Fleischhammer 2004 2985:Fleischhammer 2004 2973:Fleischhammer 2004 2934:Fleischhammer 2004 2856:Fleischhammer 2004 2817:Fleischhammer 2004 2763:Fleischhammer 2004 2739:Fleischhammer 2004 2727:Fleischhammer 2012 2715:Fleischhammer 2004 2705:, p. 29, 133. 2703:Fleischhammer 2004 2681:, p. 429–430. 2669:, p. 421–432. 2639:, p. 431–432. 2627:, p. 433–441. 2540:, p. 143–144. 2498:, p. 426–430. 2471:, p. 424–426. 2459:, p. 422–423. 2447:, p. 421–422. 2379:, vol. 13, p. 337. 2298:, p. 248–249. 2157:Su, I-Wen (2020). 2147:, p. 128–143. 2123:, p. 127–135. 2111:, p. 230–242. 1876:Lévi-Provençal, E. 1192:in the village of 1017:Manajib al-khisyan 987:Nasab Bani Shayban 818:Mujarrad al-aghani 814:Mujarrad al-aghani 684:Manājīb al-khiṣyān 644:), like falconry ( 610:Akhlāq al-wazīrayn 539:and their merits. 414:Marwan b. Muhammad 206:Islamic golden age 144:Illustration from 8601: 8600: 8485: 8484: 8455: 8454: 8320: 8319: 8292:Atika bint Shuhda 8205: 8204: 8173: 8172: 8144: 8143: 8063: 8062: 8059: 8058: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7870:Ibrahim Nasrallah 7830:Ibrahim al-Mazini 7730:Saadallah Wannous 7527:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi 7517:Butrus al-Bustani 7472:Ibrahim al-Yaziji 7426: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7298:Ibn Abi al-Khisal 7183:ibn Hani al-Azdi 7025:Usama ibn Munqidh 7000:Sharif al-Murtaza 6985:Al-Sharif al-Radi 6945:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’ 6745:Bashshar ibn Burd 6617:Suraqah al-Bariqi 6567:Hassan ibn Thabit 6518: 6517: 6455:Laila bint Lukaiz 6380:Afira bint 'Abbad 6348: 6347: 6311:Arabic literature 4957:978-90-04-32317-9 4896:(online ed.) 4513:, vol. 13, p.338. 4032:, vol. 7, p. 302. 4016:, vol. 4, p. 292. 4014:Ibn al-ʿImād 1986 4004:, vol. 5, p. 526. 3989:, vol. 5, p. 151. 3974:, vol. 2, p. 253. 3830:, vol. 5, p. 190. 3719:, p. 94–104. 3659:, pp. 29–40. 3657:Nezhad et al 2015 3428:, vol. 3, p. 307. 3344:, vol. 2, p. 334. 3056:, vol. 24, p. 67. 2963:, vol. 8, p. 440. 2912:, vol. 24, p. 37. 2873:, vol. 21, p. 48. 2780:, vol. 9, p. 229. 2657:, vol. 23, p. 21. 2564:, p. 72, 99. 2552:, vol. 1, p. 236. 2417:, vol. 2, p. 251. 2274:, vol. 4, p. 278. 1920:Bagley, F. R. C. 1807:I-Wen Su (2020). 1612:section on Legacy 1452:section on Family 991:Nasab al-Mahaliba 983:Jamharat al-nasab 853:al-Ima al-shawair 264:), also known as 251: 250: 226:Scientific career 119: 118: 99:may also be used. 16:(Redirected from 8741: 8457: 8437:Faḍl al-Shāʻirah 8398: 8377:Allawayh al-Asar 8372:Ishaq al-Mawsili 8278: 8175: 8146: 8124: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8067: 7923: 7890:Mourid Barghouti 7845:Nazik Al-Malaika 7775:Abdellatif Laabi 7695:Ghassan Kanafani 7620:Sonallah Ibrahim 7605:Nawal El Saadawi 7532:Abdallah Marrash 7522:Ahmad Zaki Pasha 7502:Qustaki al-Himsi 7445: 7432: 7173:Lubna of Córdoba 7078:Maria Alphaizuli 6965:Laylā bint Ṭarīf 6720:Ahmad al-Tifashi 6592:Jarir ibn Atiyah 6587:Suraqa bin Malik 6582:Jamil ibn Ma'mar 6537: 6524: 6505:Aktham ibn Saifi 6500:Zuhayr ibn Janab 6354: 6319: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6281: 6276: 6267: 6261: 6257: 6255: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6202: 6196: 6192: 6190: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6137: 6128: 6119: 6110: 6093: 6076: 6047: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5968: 5943:(3–4): 354–368. 5927: 5921: 5917: 5915: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5850: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5750: 5721: 5702: 5693: 5684: 5675: 5650: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5629: 5621: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5580: 5576: 5574: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5521: 5492: 5479: 5470: 5451: 5442: 5425: 5408: 5391: 5382: 5373: 5356: 5347: 5330: 5319:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 5313: 5304: 5295: 5286: 5269: 5260: 5248:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 5241: 5212: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5183: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5130: 5093: 5063: 5057: 5053: 5051: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5004:"Munad̲j̲d̲j̲im" 4998: 4969: 4932: 4913: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4886: 4874: 4865: 4850: 4843:Al-Usur Al-Wusta 4833: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4768: 4762: 4758: 4756: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4703: 4678: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4557:al-Isfahani 1888 4554: 4548: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4505: 4499: 4498:, p. 23–24. 4493: 4487: 4481: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4459:, p. 19–20. 4454: 4448: 4445:Khalafallāh 1962 4442: 4436: 4432:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 4427: 4421: 4418:Khalafallāh 1962 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4388: 4382: 4381:, p. 24–25. 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4338: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4310:, p. 34–36. 4307:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4302: 4296: 4292:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4287: 4281: 4280:, p. 20–21. 4277:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4272: 4266: 4257: 4251: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4219: 4218:, p. 24–25. 4213: 4207: 4206:, p. 87–89. 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4162: 4156: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4116:, p. 72–90. 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4056:, p. 14–16. 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3996: 3990: 3981: 3975: 3966: 3960: 3959:, p. 83–84. 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3920:, p. 66–84. 3918:Khalafallāh 1962 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3884:, vol. 1, p. 16. 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3842:, p. 89–91. 3837: 3831: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3791:, p. 85–89. 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3695:, p. 56–69. 3690: 3684: 3683:, p. 27–29. 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3644:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3620:, p. 17–18. 3615: 3609: 3602: 3596: 3592:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3547:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3542: 3536: 3535:, vol. 1, p. 74. 3527: 3521: 3517:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3512: 3506: 3497: 3486: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3455:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3450: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3420: 3414: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3371:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3366: 3360: 3359:, vol. 1, p. 18. 3351: 3345: 3336: 3330: 3329:, p. 24–30. 3324: 3318: 3317:, p. 73–85. 3312: 3306: 3303:Khalafallāh 1962 3300: 3294: 3290:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3131:, p. 55–58. 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3107:, p. 36–37. 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3048: 3042: 3033: 3027: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2999:, p. 41–42. 2994: 2988: 2987:, p. 46–47. 2982: 2976: 2975:, p. 34–35. 2970: 2964: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2936:, p. 58–59. 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2883:Zetterstéen 2012 2880: 2874: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2787: 2781: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2741:, p. 54–56. 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2693:, p. 41–51. 2691:Khalafallāh 1962 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2612:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2574:Khalafallāh 1962 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2526: 2525:, p. 52–58. 2523:Khalafallāh 1962 2520: 2514: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2427: 2418: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2334:, p. 23–25. 2332:Khalafallāh 1962 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2229: 2227: 2226: 2220: 2211: 2210: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2135:, p. 36–39. 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2099:, p. 10–16. 2097:al-Munajjid 1972 2094: 2088: 2082: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2058:, p. 83–86. 2055:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 2050: 2044: 2040:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 2035: 2029: 2020: 2014: 2013:, vol. 2, p. 22. 2005: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1831: 1813: 1803:reviewer reports 1796: 1789: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1754:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 1746: 1740: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1716:section on Dates 1712: 1706: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1595: 1589: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1506: 1500: 1497: 1491: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1455: 1448: 1439: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1344:A report in the 1342: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1297: 1291: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1263:section on Dates 1259: 1223: 1222: 1157: 1156: 1094: 1093: 857:Adab al-ghurabaʾ 666: 642:ālat al-munādama 427:(hereafter, the 263: 194:Other names 168: 166: 142: 121: 114: 111: 105: 90: 84: 80: 74: 70: 64: 52: 51: 44: 21: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8738: 8704:Umayyad dynasty 8659:Arab historians 8604: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8576: 8564:Kitab al-Aghani 8551: 8481: 8460:Andalusian-Arab 8451: 8396: 8316: 8276: 8201: 8169: 8140: 8115: 8097: 8094: 8064: 8055: 7930: 7909: 7770:Mohammed Bennis 7760:Mohamed Choukri 7700:Ghada al-Samman 7630:Mahmoud Darwish 7591: 7587:Tawfiq al-Hakim 7542:Maryana Marrash 7537:Francis Marrash 7467:Nasif al-Yaziji 7462:Maruf al Rusafi 7439: 7418: 7414:Ahmed Ben Triki 7375: 7302: 7057: 7049: 7010:Yaqut al-Hamawi 6880:Ibn al-Muqaffa' 6860:Yunus ibn Habib 6805:ibn al-Mudabbir 6661: 6627:Waddah al-Yaman 6597:Ka'b bin Zuhayr 6562:Fadl Ashsha'ira 6531: 6514: 6460:Mahd al-Aadiyya 6425:Amr ibn Kulthum 6361: 6344: 6326: 6313: 6308: 6270: 6258: 6248: 6242: 6240: 6205: 6193: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6140: 6131: 6122: 6113: 6096: 6079: 6050: 6017: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5978:Kitāb al-Aghānī 5971: 5930: 5918: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5865: 5853: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5800: 5784: 5772: 5756:Kitāb al-aghānī 5753: 5739: 5724: 5705: 5696: 5687: 5678: 5653: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5577: 5567: 5561: 5559: 5524: 5510: 5495: 5482: 5473: 5454: 5445: 5428: 5411: 5394: 5388:Kitāb al-Aghānī 5385: 5376: 5359: 5350: 5333: 5316: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5272: 5263: 5244: 5238: 5215: 5198: 5186: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5133: 5096: 5082: 5066: 5054: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5001: 4987: 4972: 4958: 4935: 4916: 4907: 4899: 4897: 4889: 4877: 4868: 4853: 4836: 4824: 4814: 4808: 4806: 4771: 4759: 4749: 4743: 4741: 4706: 4681: 4647:"'Abū al-Faraj" 4644: 4635: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4605: 4600: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4533: 4529: 4523:Kilpatrick 2003 4521: 4517: 4506: 4502: 4496:Kilpatrick 2003 4494: 4490: 4482: 4475: 4469:Kilpatrick 2003 4467: 4463: 4457:Kilpatrick 2003 4455: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4428: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4389: 4385: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4341: 4330: 4326: 4320:Kilpatrick 2003 4318: 4314: 4303: 4299: 4288: 4284: 4273: 4269: 4258: 4254: 4243: 4239: 4233:Kilpatrick 2003 4231: 4222: 4216:Kilpatrick 2003 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4180:Strothmann 1990 4178: 4174: 4163: 4159: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4054:Kilpatrick 2003 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 3997: 3993: 3982: 3978: 3967: 3963: 3957:Kilpatrick 2003 3955: 3951: 3944:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3906:Kilpatrick 2003 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3881:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3854:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3827:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3823: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3801:Kilpatrick 2003 3799: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3777:Kilpatrick 2003 3775: 3771: 3765:Kilpatrick 2003 3763: 3759: 3753:Kilpatrick 2003 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3729:Kilpatrick 2003 3727: 3723: 3717:Kilpatrick 2003 3715: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3624: 3618:Kilpatrick 2003 3616: 3612: 3603: 3599: 3588: 3584: 3578:Kilpatrick 2003 3576: 3572: 3561: 3554: 3543: 3539: 3528: 3524: 3513: 3509: 3498: 3489: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3451: 3447: 3436: 3432: 3423:Ibn Khallikān, 3421: 3417: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3367: 3363: 3352: 3348: 3337: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3239:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3081:Kilpatrick 2003 3079: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3053:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3049: 3045: 3038:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3034: 3030: 3023:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3019: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2922:Kilpatrick 2003 2920: 2916: 2909:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2905: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2870:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2788: 2784: 2777:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2654:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2650: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2586:Kilpatrick 2003 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2510:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2506: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2428: 2421: 2410: 2403: 2399:, p. 2774. 2392: 2383: 2372: 2365: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2272:al-Ziriklī 2002 2270: 2266: 2260:Kilpatrick 2003 2258: 2254: 2239:, ed. (1911). " 2235: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2214: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2121:Kilpatrick 1978 2119: 2115: 2109:Kilpatrick 2004 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2051: 2047: 2036: 2032: 2021: 2017: 2006: 2002: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1811: 1806: 1792: 1790: 1783: 1778: 1772:Nasab Abd Shams 1769: 1765: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1596: 1592: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1458: 1449: 1442: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1298: 1294: 1288:Adab al-ghuraba 1284:Adab al-ghuraba 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1235: 1155:مقاتل الطالبيين 1061:Kitab al-Aghani 1056: 969:Kitab al-Aghani 964:Kitab al-Aghani 919:Kitab al-Aghani 862:Adab al-ghuraba 849:Adab al-ghuraba 845:Kitab al-Aghani 802: 704: 667: 664: 491: 425:Kitab al-Aghani 402:Iranian plateau 394: 325: 304: 291:Kitab al-Aghani 189: 184: 175: 169: 164: 162: 153: 146:Kitab al-aghani 133: 126: 115: 109: 106: 100: 88: 82: 78: 76:transliteration 72: 68: 62: 53: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8747: 8745: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8606: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8593:Hind bint Utba 8590: 8584: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8567: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8463: 8461: 8453: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8422:Milh Al-Attara 8419: 8414: 8408: 8406: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8362:Mansour Zalzal 8359: 8354: 8352:Yaḥya al-Makki 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8302:Djamila/Jamila 8299: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8242:Hunain al-Hiri 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8154: 8152: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8132: 8130: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8070: 8061: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7900:Samih al-Qasim 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7880:Omar Abu Risha 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7805:Youssef Rzouga 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7765:Leila Abouzeid 7762: 7757: 7755:Alaa Al Aswany 7752: 7747: 7745:Leila Aboulela 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7725:Colette Khoury 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7660:Abbās al-Aqqād 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7610:Naguib Mahfouz 7607: 7601: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7487:Naoum Mokarzel 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7453: 7451: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7371:Al-Qalqashandi 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7288:Ibn al-Kattani 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7108:Ibn Abd Rabbih 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7064: 7062: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7035:Ibn al-Shajari 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6855:Rabia of Basra 6852: 6847: 6845:Aban al-Lahiqi 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6725:Abu al-Atahiya 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6685:Ibn al-Mu'tazz 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6572:Ibn Abi Hasina 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6520: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6350: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6268: 6260:|journal= 6203: 6195:|journal= 6138: 6129: 6120: 6111: 6094: 6077: 6067:(2): 275–289. 6061:Jurnal Hadhari 6055:Kitāb al-Aġānī 6048: 6030:(3): 417–448. 6015: 5969: 5928: 5920:|journal= 5863: 5855:|journal= 5798: 5770: 5751: 5737: 5722: 5703: 5694: 5685: 5676: 5651: 5643:|journal= 5622: 5605: 5596: 5587: 5579:|journal= 5522: 5508: 5493: 5480: 5471: 5452: 5443: 5426: 5409: 5397:Akhbār Aṣbahān 5392: 5383: 5374: 5357: 5348: 5331: 5314: 5305: 5296: 5287: 5270: 5266:Lisān al-mīzān 5261: 5242: 5236: 5213: 5196: 5188:|journal= 5131: 5113:(3): 192–212. 5094: 5080: 5064: 5056:|journal= 4999: 4985: 4970: 4956: 4933: 4914: 4905: 4887: 4882:by al-Iṣfahānī 4875: 4866: 4851: 4834: 4826:|journal= 4769: 4761:|journal= 4704: 4679: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4585: 4573: 4561: 4549: 4527: 4515: 4500: 4488: 4486:, p. 399. 4473: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4422: 4410: 4398: 4383: 4368: 4356: 4352:Bahramian 1992 4339: 4324: 4312: 4297: 4282: 4267: 4252: 4237: 4220: 4208: 4196: 4194:, p. 253. 4184: 4182:, p. 360. 4172: 4167:Majmūʿ Rasāʾil 4157: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4070: 4068:, p. 197. 4058: 4046: 4044:, p. 192. 4034: 4026:Ibn Al‑Athīr, 4018: 4006: 4001:Lisān al-mīzān 3991: 3976: 3961: 3949: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3871: 3859: 3844: 3832: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3671:, p. 731. 3669:Azarnoosh 1992 3661: 3649: 3634: 3630:Azarnoosh 1992 3622: 3610: 3597: 3582: 3570: 3552: 3537: 3522: 3507: 3487: 3480:al-Thaʿālibī, 3472: 3460: 3445: 3430: 3415: 3400: 3396:Azarnoosh 1992 3388: 3376: 3361: 3346: 3331: 3319: 3315:al-Aṣmaʿī 1951 3307: 3295: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3070: 3068:, p. 721. 3066:Azarnoosh 1992 3058: 3043: 3028: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2950: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2899: 2887: 2875: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2834:, p. 161. 2829:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2821: 2809: 2797: 2795:, p. 167. 2790:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2782: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2731: 2719: 2707: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2641: 2629: 2617: 2602: 2600:, p. 728. 2598:Azarnoosh 1992 2590: 2578: 2566: 2554: 2542: 2535:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2527: 2515: 2500: 2488: 2486:, p. 547. 2473: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2435:, p. 107. 2419: 2401: 2381: 2363: 2361:, p. 127. 2356:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2348: 2346:, p. 720. 2344:Azarnoosh 1992 2336: 2324: 2322:, p. 719. 2320:Azarnoosh 1992 2312: 2300: 2288: 2276: 2264: 2262:, p. vii. 2252: 2237:Chisholm, Hugh 2212: 2192: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2072: 2070:, p. 733. 2068:Azarnoosh 1992 2060: 2045: 2030: 2028:, p. 128. 2023:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2015: 2000: 1985: 1973: 1961:10.2307/833741 1939: 1912: 1872:Kramers, J. H. 1868:Gibb, H. A. R. 1853: 1852: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1763: 1741: 1728: 1719: 1707: 1703:Kitab al-Ahkam 1693: 1684: 1671: 1662: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1624: 1615: 1603: 1590: 1577: 1568: 1555: 1546: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1501: 1492: 1478: 1468: 1456: 1440: 1409: 1407:Munajjim; see: 1396: 1387: 1378: 1369: 1359: 1350: 1337: 1327: 1318: 1309: 1292: 1275: 1266: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1213: 1135: 1134: 1086:Kitāb al-Aġānī 1055: 1052: 801: 798: 703: 700: 662: 490: 487: 439:(r. 847–861) ( 410:Umayyad caliph 393: 390: 371:Sayf ad-Dawlah 324: 321: 303: 300: 249: 248: 245: 244: 243:Sayf ad-Dawlah 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 222: 221: 218: 217:Known for 214: 213: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 177: 176: 170: 159: 155: 154: 143: 135: 134: 128: 127: 124: 117: 116: 95:. Knowledge's 56: 54: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8746: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694:Sayf al-Dawla 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8488: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8392:Ibn al-Tahhan 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8382:Amr ibn Banah 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8297:Azza al-Mayla 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8273: 8272:Malik al-Ta'i 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8227:Sa'ib Khathir 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8100: 8091: 8086: 8084: 8079: 8077: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7920: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7885:Yusuf al-Khal 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7875:Elia Abu Madi 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7785:Waciny Laredj 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7735:Zakaria Tamer 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7685:Ibrahim Tuqan 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7655:Nizar Qabbani 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7562:Kahlil Gibran 7560: 7558: 7557:Mikhail Naimy 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7547:Hafez Ibrahim 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7433: 7429: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7409:Ibn al-Wannan 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7321:Ibn Al Ouardy 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7278:Ibn al-Yayyab 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148:Ibn al-Khatib 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7118:Ibn al-Zaqqaq 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7073:Al-Rumaikiyya 7071: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Al Suhrawardi 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6910:Ibn al-Anbari 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6675:Bint al-Mahdī 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540:Early Islamic 6538: 6534: 6530: 6525: 6521: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6475:Imru' al-Qais 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6274: 6269: 6265: 6253: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6200: 6188: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6130: 6126: 6121: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6006: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5939:(in German). 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5913: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5860: 5848: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5767: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5738:0-88844-092-8 5734: 5730: 5729: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5635: 5627: 5626:Nagel, Tilman 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5572: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5509:9780700717019 5505: 5501: 5500: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5237:9780511862618 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5214: 5211:(3): 459–475. 5210: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5181: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5102: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5081:9783487094298 5077: 5073: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5049: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4986:9783447050791 4982: 4978: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4895: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4819: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4754: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4611:Ẓuhr al-Islām 4607: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4589: 4586: 4583:, p. 14. 4582: 4577: 4574: 4571:, p. 13. 4570: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4545:0-550-18022-2 4542: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4525:, p. 23. 4524: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4391:al-Iṣfahānī, 4387: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4376:al-Iṣfahānī, 4372: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4337:, p. 24. 4336: 4335: 4332:al-Iṣfahānī, 4328: 4325: 4322:, p. 26. 4321: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4305:al-Iṣfahānī, 4301: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4290:al-Iṣfahānī, 4286: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4275:al-Iṣfahānī, 4271: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4260:al-Iṣfahānī, 4256: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4245:al-Iṣfahānī, 4241: 4238: 4235:, p. 25. 4234: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4102:Madelung 1965 4098: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4083: 4080:, p. 459–475. 4079: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3942:al-Iṣfahānī, 3938: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3879:al-Iṣfahānī, 3875: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3852:al-Iṣfahānī, 3848: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3825:al-Iṣfahānī, 3821: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3604:al-Washshāʾ, 3601: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3583: 3580:, p. 19. 3579: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3508: 3505:, p. 23. 3504: 3503: 3500:al-Iṣfahānī, 3496: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3476: 3473: 3470:, p. 44. 3469: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3237:al-Iṣfahānī, 3233: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3141:Bosworth 2012 3137: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3086: 3083:, p. 18. 3082: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3051:al-Iṣfahānī, 3047: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3036:al-Iṣfahānī, 3032: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3021:al-Iṣfahānī, 3017: 3014: 3011:, p. 58. 3010: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2924:, p. 17. 2923: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2907:al-Iṣfahānī, 2903: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2868:al-Iṣfahānī, 2864: 2861: 2858:, p. 69. 2857: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2822: 2819:, p. 30. 2818: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2775:al-Iṣfahānī, 2771: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2751:Sellheim 2012 2747: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2652:al-Iṣfahānī, 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2591: 2588:, p. 15. 2587: 2582: 2579: 2576:, p. 58. 2575: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2508:al-Iṣfahānī, 2504: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2481:al-Iṣfahānī, 2477: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2232:public domain 2219: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053:al-Iṣfahānī, 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1986: 1983:, p. 29. 1982: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1940: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1773: 1770:This and the 1767: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1413: 1410: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1010:Ayyam al-arab 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 975: 972: 970: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929: 924: 920: 915: 913: 908: 903: 899: 894: 892: 888: 884: 879: 874: 871: 866: 863: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 799: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 777: 774: 770: 769:raison d’etre 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 742: 738: 734: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 701: 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 613: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 587: 582: 578: 577: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559: 554: 550: 546: 540: 538: 534: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 495: 488: 486: 482: 480: 475: 473: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 450: 449:Ibn al-Zayyāt 446: 442: 438: 437:al-Mutawakkil 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 391: 389: 387: 384: 380: 376: 375:Book of Songs 372: 368: 364: 359: 357: 353: 349: 346: 342: 339:(present-day 338: 334: 330: 322: 320: 318: 314: 309: 301: 299: 297: 293: 292: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 259: 255: 246: 242: 234: 230: 227: 223: 220:Book of Songs 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 182: 178: 173: 160: 156: 151: 150:Book of Songs 147: 141: 136: 129: 122: 113: 103: 98: 94: 87: 77: 67: 60: 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 8674:Genealogists 8569: 8562: 8521: 8401: 8281: 8157: 8021:Saudi Arabia 7964:Copto-Arabic 7865:Saadi Yousef 7840:Safa Khulusi 7825:Hasan Tawfiq 7795:Alifa Rifaat 7790:Tahar Djaout 7690:Emile Habibi 7680:Sinan Antoon 7597:Contemporary 7582:Taha Hussein 7572:Jurji Zaydan 7552:Ahmed Shawqi 7497:Ameen Rihani 7346:Ibn al-Wardi 7233:al-Shushtari 7208:Umm Al-Kiram 7113:Ibn al-Abbar 7093:Al-Rukuniyya 7040:Ibn al-Nafis 6970:Al-Tha'alibi 6920:Ibn Qutaybah 6820:Al-Mutanabbi 6800:ibn al-Mahdi 6775:Ibn al-Farid 6759: 6730:ibn al-'Amid 6680:Ibn al-Ahnaf 6445:Hatim al-Tai 6375:Adi ibn Zayd 6272: 6241:. Retrieved 6212: 6176:. Retrieved 6147: 6143:"Ibn Ḥamdūn" 6133: 6124: 6115: 6098: 6081: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6027: 6023: 5994:. Retrieved 5981: 5977: 5974: 5940: 5936: 5901:. Retrieved 5872: 5836:. Retrieved 5807: 5764:. New York. 5760: 5755: 5727: 5708: 5698: 5689: 5680: 5666:(2): 29–40. 5663: 5659: 5634:cite journal 5609: 5600: 5591: 5560:. Retrieved 5531: 5498: 5488: 5484: 5475: 5457: 5447: 5430: 5413: 5396: 5387: 5378: 5361: 5352: 5335: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5274: 5265: 5247: 5218: 5208: 5204: 5169:. Retrieved 5140: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5069: 5037:. Retrieved 5008: 4975: 4938: 4919: 4909: 4898:. Retrieved 4892: 4883: 4879: 4870: 4860: 4846: 4842: 4807:. Retrieved 4778: 4742:. Retrieved 4713: 4683: 4650: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4588: 4581:Günther 2007 4576: 4569:Günther 2007 4564: 4552: 4534: 4530: 4518: 4509: 4503: 4491: 4464: 4452: 4440: 4431: 4425: 4413: 4406:Günther 1994 4401: 4392: 4386: 4377: 4371: 4364:Günther 1994 4359: 4333: 4327: 4315: 4306: 4300: 4291: 4285: 4276: 4270: 4261: 4255: 4246: 4240: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4166: 4160: 4152:Majmūʿ kutub 4151: 4145: 4133: 4121: 4109: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4061: 4049: 4042:al-Ṭūsī 1991 4037: 4027: 4021: 4009: 4000: 3994: 3985: 3984:al-Dhahabī, 3979: 3970: 3964: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3880: 3874: 3862: 3853: 3847: 3835: 3826: 3820: 3808: 3796: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3652: 3643: 3637: 3625: 3613: 3606:al-Muwashshā 3605: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3573: 3564: 3546: 3540: 3531: 3530:al-Tanūkhī, 3525: 3516: 3510: 3501: 3481: 3475: 3463: 3454: 3448: 3439: 3433: 3424: 3418: 3409: 3408:al-Tawḥīdī, 3403: 3391: 3379: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3354:al-Tanūkhī, 3349: 3340: 3339:al-Tanūkhī, 3334: 3322: 3310: 3298: 3289: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3247: 3238: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3093:Günther 1991 3088: 3061: 3052: 3046: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2959: 2953: 2946:Günther 1991 2941: 2929: 2917: 2908: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2869: 2863: 2851: 2839: 2830: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2791: 2785: 2776: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2662: 2653: 2632: 2620: 2611: 2605: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2550:van Ess 2017 2545: 2536: 2530: 2518: 2509: 2503: 2491: 2482: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2431: 2413: 2395: 2394:al-Dhahabī, 2375: 2357: 2351: 2339: 2327: 2315: 2310:, p. 9. 2303: 2291: 2286:, p. 7. 2279: 2267: 2255: 2244: 2205: 2195: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2140: 2133:Hoyland 2006 2128: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2085:Günther 2007 2063: 2054: 2048: 2039: 2033: 2024: 2018: 2009: 2008:Abū Nuʿaym, 2003: 1994: 1988: 1976: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1930:. Retrieved 1926:the original 1915: 1898: 1891: 1857: 1819: 1815: 1784: 1771: 1766: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1731: 1722: 1710: 1702: 1696: 1687: 1674: 1665: 1655: 1646: 1637: 1627: 1618: 1606: 1598: 1593: 1585: 1580: 1571: 1558: 1549: 1541: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1509: 1504: 1495: 1487: 1481: 1471: 1435: 1431: 1430:, Thaalab's 1427: 1423: 1418: 1412: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1362: 1353: 1345: 1340: 1330: 1321: 1312: 1295: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1269: 1257: 1215: 1149: 1136: 1128: 1092:كتاب الأغاني 1084: 1059: 1057: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1037: 1032: 1029:Adab al-samz 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 995: 990: 986: 982: 978: 976: 973: 968: 963: 959: 955: 951: 949: 944: 936: 932: 927: 922: 918: 916: 911: 906: 897: 895: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 869: 867: 861: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 838: 833: 829: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 803: 790:Zayd ibn Ali 778: 772: 768: 764: 760: 752: 746: 740: 736: 732: 729: 724: 716: 708: 705: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 671: 669: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 615: 609: 605: 601: 599: 594: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 569:); scribes ( 566: 562: 556: 552: 548: 544: 541: 532: 528: 515: 503: 499: 496: 492: 483: 476: 463: 461: 444: 440: 428: 424: 422: 395: 388:Ibn 'Abbad. 374: 360: 326: 316: 312: 305: 296:Arabic music 289: 265: 253: 252: 225: 149: 145: 110:January 2024 107: 93:ISO 639 code 89:}} 83:{{ 79:}} 73:{{ 69:}} 63:{{ 58: 8502:Al-Sarakhsi 7905:Fadwa Tuqan 7850:Ahmed Matar 7835:al-Jawahiri 7815:Amal Donqol 7810:Salah Jahin 7740:Tayeb Salih 7615:Yusuf Idris 7567:Farah Antun 7507:al-Kawakibi 7404:Hanna Diyab 7381:Ottoman era 7366:Ibn Khaldun 7336:Ibn Battuta 7248:Ibn al-Arif 7143:Ibn Khafaja 6925:Dik al-Jinn 6915:Al-Qasabani 6885:Al-Mubarrad 6870:Al-Farahidi 6840:Al-Armanazi 6780:Ibn al-Rumi 6760:Al-Isfahani 6735:Al-Hamadani 6700:Al-Mudabbir 6667:Abbasid era 6657:al-Mufaddal 6552:Al-Farazdaq 6510:Al-Munakhal 6405:Al-Shanfara 6390:Al-Hujayjah 6359:Pre-Islamic 6005:cite thesis 5803:"al-Yazīdī" 4849:(2): 55–58. 4709:"al-Ṭabarī" 4603:Works cited 4430:al-Hamawī, 4078:Haider 2008 4066:Haider 2011 3999:Ibn Ḥajar, 3789:Sallūm 1969 3741:Sallūm 1969 3693:Sallūm 1969 3642:al-Hamawī, 3590:al-Hamawī, 3545:al-Hamawī, 3515:al-Hamawī, 3453:al-Hamawī, 3369:al-Hamawī, 3288:al-Hamawī, 2610:al-Hamawī, 2308:Sallūm 1969 2284:Rotter 1977 2038:al-Hamawī, 1949:Asian Music 1888:Pellat, Ch. 1880:Schacht, J. 1208:as the new 1190:al-Walīd II 1074:Mesopotamia 1070:monasteries 688:magnum opus 638:al-khurāfāt 457:Banu Hashim 210:Abbasid era 8639:967 deaths 8634:897 births 8608:Categories 8490:Theorists‎ 8267:Ibn Muhriz 8252:Ibn Surayj 8232:Ibn Misjaḥ 8128:Achaemenid 8106:Arab music 7996:Mauritania 7800:Ali Douagi 7720:Hanna Mina 7710:Al Gosaibi 7577:May Ziadeh 7492:Ahmad Rida 7457:El Baroudy 7389:Al-Nabulsi 7361:al-Nafzawi 7356:Ibn Nubata 7331:Ibn Manzur 7308:Mamluk era 7293:Ibn Tufayl 7283:Ibn Jubayr 7253:Ibn Wahbun 7238:Abu Madyan 7168:Ibn Zaydún 7163:Ibn Zamrak 7153:Ibn Quzman 7138:Ibn Juzayy 7133:Ibn Bassam 7103:Ibn Hamdis 7068:Abu Ja'far 7055:Al-Andalus 7045:Ibn 'Adlan 6990:Ibn Hayyus 6980:al-Tawhīdī 6975:Al-Daylami 6960:Al-Tughrai 6940:Ibn Bakkar 6875:Al-Shafi'i 6810:Al-Ma'arri 6785:Ibn Duraid 6695:Abu Tammam 6470:Al-Nabigha 6243:2018-07-24 6178:2018-07-24 6134:al-Fihrist 5996:2020-09-26 5990:1842/25958 5903:2018-07-24 5838:2018-07-24 5771:0824060350 5610:al-Fihrist 5562:2018-07-24 5379:al-Diyārāt 5171:2018-07-24 5039:2018-07-24 4900:2019-07-23 4809:2018-07-24 4774:"Ṭāhirids" 4744:2018-07-24 4593:Nagel 1970 4262:al-Diyārāt 4150:al-Qāsim, 4090:Crone 2005 3969:al-Qifṭī, 3813:Jabrī 1965 3681:Jabrī 1965 3384:Stern 2012 3129:Brown 2008 2844:Vadet 2012 2831:al-Fihrist 2805:Leder 2012 2792:al-Fihrist 2562:Crone 2005 2537:al-Fihrist 2430:Ibn Ḥazm, 2412:al-Qifṭī, 2358:al-Fihrist 2025:al-Fihrist 1781:References 1622:See also: 1196:' between 834:al-Diyārāt 810:al-Diyarat 719:) with an 658:al-ashriba 650:al-bayṭara 646:al-jawāriḥ 630:al-maghāzī 563:muʾaddibūn 377:), and in 356:al-Andalus 266:Abul-Faraj 8507:Al-Farabi 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