325:
624:
432:
42:
414:
The success of the
Gibraltar campaign stoked fears in the Granadan court that the Marinids would become too influential, and provoked the assassination of Muhammad IV by resentful Granadan nobles only a few months later. However, Abu al-Hasan was not ready to invade the Iberian peninsula since he was
402:
The situation in
Gibraltar was desperate by mid-June. The food had run out and the townspeople and garrison had been reduced to eating their own shields, belts and shoes in an attempt to gain sustenance from the leather from which they were made. On 17 June 1333, Vasco Perez surrendered Gibraltar
411:, his teacher announced to his class: "Rejoice, community of the faithful, because God has had the goodness to restore Gibraltar to us!" According to Ibn Marzuq, the jubilant students burst out into cries of praise, gave thanks and shed tears of joy.
487:(covering roughly modern western half of Algeria) was annexed by the Marinids. Abu al-Hasan received delegates from Egypt, Granada, Tunis and Mali congratulating him on his victory, by which he had gained complete control of the trans-Saharan trade.
602:
In 1346 the Hafsid Sultan, Abu Bakr, died and a dispute over the succession ensued. Several
Ifriqiyan parties appealed to the Marinid ruler for assistance. In a campaign in early 1347, Abu al-Hasan's Moroccan army swept through Ifriqiya and entered
403:
after agreeing terms with Abd al-Malik. The defenders were allowed to leave with honour as a mark of respect for their courage in defending the town for so long. The fall of
Gibraltar was rapturously received back in Morocco; the Moorish chronicler
279:. Al-Baydhaq says that his mother was a woman from Fez called Fatima. It is unknown whether she was a wife or a concubine. He had a dark complexion inherited from his Abyssinian mother, and was known as the 'Black Sultan'. He succeeded his father
639:, who had been serving as governor of Tlemcen, returned to Fez and declared that he was the sultan. Tlemcen and the central Maghreb revolted. The Zayyanid Abu Sa'id Uthman II was proclaimed king of Tlemcen.
665:, in southern Morocco, which he hoped to use as a base to recover his sultanate. But Abu Inan's armies descended on the area, forcing Abu al-Hasan to flee with what remained of his supporters to
1519:
483:
In May 1337, after a two-year siege, Tlemcen finally fell to a
Marinid assault. Ibn Tashufin died during the fighting. His brothers were captured and killed and the
423:
maintained the alliance with the
Marinid ruler. A peace treaty was signed at Fez on 26 February 1334 between Castile, Granada and Morocco with a four-year duration.
607:
in
September, 1347. By uniting Morocco, Tlemcen and Ifriqiya, the Marinid ruler Abu al-Hasan effectively accomplished the conquest of dominions as great as the
476:
In 1336 or 1337, Abu al-Hasan suspended the siege of
Tlemcen to campaign in southern Morocco, where his troublesome brother, Abu Ali, who ruled an appanage at
1211:
1115:
1514:
462:
Abu al-Hasan was married to a Hafsid princess, and in 1334 the
Hafsids appealed to him for help, giving him a welcome excuse for invading his neighbour.
1641:
646:, and the once mighty sultan was left stranded in the heart of enemy territory. Abu al-Hasan escaped capture and made his way to join his partisans in
570:, supplemented by a leased Genoese fleet, managed to move into position off Tarifa and cut off the besiegers' supply line to Morocco. In the meantime,
681:
tribes. Broken, ill and without resources, the once-mighty Abu al-Hasan, finally agreed to abdicate in favour of Abu Inan in late 1350 or early 1351.
631:
However, Abu al-Hasan went too far in attempting to impose his authority over the Arab tribes. They revolted and in April 1348 defeated his army near
465:
In early 1335, Marinid forces under Abu al-Hasan invaded
Tlemcen from the west and dispatched a naval force to assist the Hafsids from the east. The
1838:
1534:
707:
in 1357, becoming master of Ifriqiya. In 1358 he was forced to return to Fez due to Arab opposition, where he was strangled to death by his vizier.
1524:
543:
With the sea now clear for an invasion, Abu al-Hasan spent the rest of the summer calmly ferrying his troops and supplies across the straits to
540:
on 5 April 1340. The Castilian admiral Tenorio was killed during the engagement and only five Castilian galleys managed to make it safely out.
1828:
1083:
1060:
1039:
1018:
969:
927:
547:. Abu al-Hasan crossed with the bulk of the Marinid forces in August 1340. The Marinid invasion force joined up with Granadan forces under
1843:
1823:
1848:
1833:
1431:
324:
988:
1456:
1441:
1224:
586:
in October 1340, and Abu al-Hasan was forced to retreat back to Algeciras. After this defeat, Al-Hasan ended his campaigns in the
251:. However, he was forced to retreat due to a revolt of the Arab tribes, was shipwrecked, and lost many of his supporters. His son
1411:
948:
1671:
1574:
1539:
1529:
1376:
1351:
1108:
473:. The Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan started a lengthy siege of Tlemcen, turning his siege camp into a veritable adjoining city.
1569:
384:
364:
1615:
536:. The Marinid fleet, under the command of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Azafi, destroyed the Castilian fleet in the naval battle of
1451:
1446:
1436:
1229:
1691:
1461:
1494:
1602:
1421:
1101:
548:
506:
416:
1426:
1371:
1305:
1124:
376:
1732:
1315:
1203:
396:
1704:
650:. He managed to gather enough forces to attempt a march to recover Tlemcen, but was defeated by the resurgent
1013:. Vol. 4: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press. p. 93.
1758:
1381:
583:
529:
496:
348:
1699:
916:
Empey, Heather J. (2017). "The Mothers of the Caliph's Sons". In Gordon, Matthew; Hain, Kathryn A. (eds.).
1789:
1737:
1396:
582:, and together they moved against the besiegers at Tarifa. The Marinid-Nasrid forces were defeated at the
280:
276:
172:
70:
1773:
1709:
1676:
1592:
1466:
575:
571:
563:
559:
522:
518:
444:
392:
288:
1722:
623:
1818:
1813:
1781:
1753:
1661:
1391:
1336:
484:
448:
1686:
439:
The ruler of Tlemcen, Ibn Tashufin (r. 1318–1337), initiated hostilities against Ifriqiya, besieged
1768:
1745:
1681:
1471:
1267:
1150:
380:
328:
1727:
1610:
1587:
1564:
1559:
1416:
1195:
1171:
1158:
1142:
510:
368:
356:
225:
1341:
684:
Abu al-Hasan died in May 1351, still in his Atlas mountain hideout. His body was transferred by
1666:
1361:
1310:
1252:
1242:
1079:
1056:
1050:
1035:
1014:
984:
965:
944:
923:
917:
670:
587:
431:
248:
162:
127:
52:
1071:
1029:
1008:
1763:
1717:
1504:
1331:
1292:
1163:
699:
In 1352 Abu Inan Faris recaptured Tlemcen. He also reconquered the central Maghreb. He took
514:
466:
452:
304:
1582:
1386:
1346:
1297:
1282:
1262:
1219:
1179:
1132:
674:
567:
209:
201:
517:. The assembly of a large Marinid invasion force in Morocco prompted the Castilian king
41:
1630:
1620:
1597:
1476:
1406:
1323:
685:
636:
502:
360:
284:
252:
229:
132:
80:
17:
1807:
1651:
1549:
1272:
1257:
336:
1187:
655:
96:
700:
643:
440:
959:
938:
661:
As many of his former supporters defected, Abu al-Hasan was forced to proceed to
662:
651:
501:
Flush from these victories, in 1339, Abu al-Hasan received an appeal from the
477:
404:
260:
108:
666:
591:
544:
537:
388:
372:
340:
217:
391:
in February 1333. The Castilians were distracted by the coronation of King
46:
Dirham minted under the reign of the Marinid ruler Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman.
642:
Abu al-Hasan's fleet was wrecked on its homeward journey by a tempest off
415:
engaged in hostilities with Tlemcen. Muhammad IV's brother and successor,
632:
296:
292:
232:
590:. A few years later, Alfonso XI of Castile had little difficulty taking
693:
689:
678:
647:
612:
608:
579:
470:
420:
408:
308:
300:
272:
244:
240:
236:
213:
157:
119:
395:
and were slow to respond to the invasion force, which was able to lay
552:
221:
1093:
224:
in 1339 ended in fiasco. In North Africa he extended his rule over
704:
669:. In May 1350, Abu Inan defeated Abu al-Hasan on the banks of the
622:
604:
533:
528:
In April 1340, a Castilian fleet of some 32 galleys under admiral
456:
332:
182:
822:
820:
1097:
919:
Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History
673:. With Abu Inan on his heels, Abu al-Hasan fled into the high
532:
set out against the Marinid invasion fleet being outfitted at
443:, and sent an army into Tunisia that defeated the Hafsid king
256:
1052:
The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait
883:
881:
879:
854:
852:
247:
briefly covered an area that rivalled that of the preceding
839:
837:
835:
566:
for assistance. In October 1340, a Portuguese fleet under
964:. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. p. 356.
435:
The Marinid empire at its greatest extent, around 1348.
283:
in 1331. Abu al-Hasan married Fatima, daughter of the
220:
from the Castilians, although a later attempt to take
615:, and the comparison was not lost on contemporaries.
551:
in September, and together proceeded to lay siege to
958:
Fage, John Donnelly; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
1650:
1629:
1548:
1503:
1485:
1360:
1281:
1241:
1131:
1072:"The Zayyanids of Tlemcen and the Hafsids of Tunis"
562:appealed to his father-in-law, the Portuguese king
480:, was threatening to divide the Marinid dominions.
178:
168:
156:
142:
126:
114:
102:
90:
86:
76:
66:
58:
51:
34:
379:. A force of 7,000 men was transported across the
235:, which together covered the north of what is now
1055:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 163.
826:
811:
688:, allegedly with great public mourning, to the
399:before much of a response could be organised.
1109:
8:
763:
216:between 1331 and 1348. In 1333 he captured
1116:
1102:
1094:
981:Rock of Contention: A History of Gibraltar
887:
858:
739:
40:
31:
843:
355:(City of Victory), from the Muslim-ruled
922:. Oxford University Press. p. 149.
430:
323:
148:Abū al-Ḥassan ʿAlī ibn ʿUthmān al-Marīni
720:
407:recorded that while he was studying in
371:, Abu al-Hasan sent a Moroccan army to
359:. In 1333, responding to the appeal of
1028:Mack, Merav; Balint, Benjamin (2019).
899:
751:
351:captured Gibraltar, then known as the
243:. Under him the Marinid realms in the
139:
1034:. Yale University Press. p. 62.
983:. London: Robert Hale & Company.
937:Fa, Darren; Finlayson, Clive (2006).
870:
799:
787:
775:
727:
27:Moroccan Marinid sultan (c.1297–1351)
7:
521:to bring to an end his quarrel with
259:. Abu Al-Hasan died in exile in the
1605:(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zidan)
205:
106:24 May 1351 (aged 53–54)
1577:(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik al-Ghazi)
469:were rolled back into the city of
295:, sealing an alliance between the
25:
383:to rendezvous with the forces of
347:In 1309, Castillian troops under
1457:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)
1442:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)
1078:. Fundación El legado andalusí.
1839:14th-century monarchs in Africa
1377:Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq
1049:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011).
961:The Cambridge History of Africa
940:The Fortifications of Gibraltar
1495:Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey
1452:Muhammad ibn Ahmad (al-Wathiq)
1007:Niane, Djibril Tamsir (1984).
1:
1616:Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir
1525:Ali ibn Muhammad (Abu Hassun)
1000:Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord
943:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
627:Dinar minted during his reign
574:led an army overland to join
375:under the command of his son
194:
191:Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Othman
1829:14th-century Moroccan people
1740:(Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman)
1437:Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz
271:Abu al-Hasan was the son of
1402:Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman
35:Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman
1865:
1844:Marinid sultans of Morocco
1824:14th-century Berber people
1759:Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hassan
1206:(Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar)
677:, taking refuge among the
494:
335:in the southeast opposite
1849:Royalty from Fez, Morocco
1834:14th century in Gibraltar
1754:Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Hassan
1642:Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i
1372:Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
1326:(Abd al-Wahid al-Makhluʿ)
1070:Tarabulsi, Hasna (2006).
1010:General History of Africa
377:Abd al-Malik Abd al-Wahid
147:
138:
39:
1792:(Muhammad ibn al-Hassan)
1748:(Al-Hassan ibn Muhammad)
1733:Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham
1705:Zin al-Abidin ibn Ismail
1712:(Muhammad ibn Abdallah)
1677:Abd al-Malik ibn Ismail
1382:Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr
1232:(al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim)
1225:Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim
1214:(al-Hasan ibn Muhammad)
764:Fa & Finlayson 2006
513:to help drive back the
18:Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman
1700:Al-Mustadi' ibn Ismail
1570:Muhammad al-Mutawakkil
1477:Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman
1412:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II
998:Julien, Andre (1961).
979:Hills, George (1974).
888:Fage & Oliver 1975
859:Fage & Oliver 1975
740:Mack & Balint 2019
628:
436:
385:Muhammad IV of Granada
344:
208:) was a sultan of the
206:أبو الحسن علي بن عثمان
1784:(Hassan ibn Muhammad)
1728:Suleiman ibn Muhammad
1718:Al-Yazid ibn Muhammad
1694:(Muhammad ibn Ismail)
1593:Abdallah al-Ghalib II
1520:Muhammad ibn Muhammad
1462:Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad
626:
576:Alfonso XI of Castile
572:Afonso IV of Portugal
523:Afonso IV of Portugal
445:Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II
434:
327:
289:Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II
1776:(Muhammad ibn Yusuf)
1392:Abu al-Rabi Sulayman
1318:(Yusuf al-Mustansir)
1220:Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim
1198:(Yahya ibn al-Qasim)
1174:(Yahya ibn Muhammad)
1145:(Idris ibn Abdallah)
1076:Ibn Khaldun: Studies
584:Battle of Río Salado
530:Alonso Jofré Tenorio
497:Battle of Río Salado
485:Sultanate of Tlemcen
1764:Yusuf ibn al-Hassan
1723:Hisham ibn Muhammad
1682:Abdallah ibn Ismail
1432:Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali
1397:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
1268:Ibrahim ibn Tashfin
754:, pp. 178–182.
381:Strait of Gibraltar
329:Strait of Gibraltar
281:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
277:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
173:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
71:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
1769:Muhammad ibn Arafa
1611:Al-Walid ibn Zidan
1588:Abu Faris Abdallah
1565:Abdallah al-Ghalib
1560:Mohammed al-Shaykh
1540:Ahmad ibn Muhammad
1535:Muhammad ibn Ahmad
1530:Ahmad ibn Muhammad
1515:Muhammad ibn Yahya
1467:Abdallah ibn Ahmad
1417:Abu Bakr ibn Faris
1166:(Ali ibn Muhammad)
1159:Muhammad ibn Idris
629:
437:
397:siege to Gibraltar
357:Emirate of Granada
345:
62:August 1331 – 1348
1801:
1800:
1662:Al-Rashid ibn Ali
1508:(1471–1549, 1554)
1486:Idrisid interlude
1337:Yahya al-Mu'tasim
1332:Abdallah al-ʿAdil
1311:Muhammad al-Nasir
1300:(Abu Yaqub Yusuf)
1253:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
1243:Almoravid dynasty
1182:(Yahya ibn Yahya)
1153:(Idris ibn Idris)
1125:Rulers of Morocco
1085:978-84-96556-34-8
1062:978-0-8122-0463-6
1041:978-0-300-22285-2
1020:978-0-435-94810-8
971:978-0-521-20981-6
929:978-0-19-062218-3
654:princes near the
588:Iberian Peninsula
249:Almohad Caliphate
200:– 24 May 1351), (
188:
187:
152:
151:
53:Sultan of Morocco
16:(Redirected from
1856:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1749:
1741:
1713:
1695:
1672:Ahmad ibn Ismail
1606:
1603:Abd al-Malik II
1578:
1505:Wattasid dynasty
1472:Uthman ibn Ahmad
1352:Said al-Muʿtadid
1327:
1319:
1301:
1233:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1154:
1146:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1066:
1045:
1024:
1003:
994:
975:
954:
933:
903:
897:
891:
885:
874:
868:
862:
856:
847:
841:
830:
827:O'Callaghan 2011
824:
815:
812:O'Callaghan 2011
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
619:Revolt and death
305:Zayyanid dynasty
255:seized power in
207:
199:
196:
140:
44:
32:
21:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1747:
1739:
1711:
1693:
1654:
1646:
1634:
1625:
1604:
1583:Ahmad al-Mansur
1576:
1575:Abd al-Malik I
1552:
1544:
1507:
1499:
1487:
1481:
1427:Tashfin ibn Ali
1422:Ibrahim ibn Ali
1387:Abu Thabit Amir
1364:
1362:Marinid dynasty
1356:
1347:Abd al-Wahid II
1342:Idris al-Ma'mun
1325:
1324:Abd al-Wahid I
1317:
1306:Yaqub al-Mansur
1299:
1285:
1283:Almohad dynasty
1277:
1263:Tashfin ibn Ali
1245:
1237:
1231:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1152:
1144:
1135:
1133:Idrisid dynasty
1127:
1122:
1092:
1086:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1006:
997:
991:
978:
972:
957:
951:
936:
930:
915:
911:
909:General sources
906:
898:
894:
886:
877:
869:
865:
857:
850:
842:
833:
825:
818:
810:
806:
798:
794:
786:
782:
774:
770:
762:
758:
750:
746:
738:
734:
726:
722:
718:
713:
675:Atlas Mountains
621:
600:
594:in March 1344.
568:Manuel Pessanha
499:
493:
429:
353:Medinat al-Fath
322:
317:
269:
212:who reigned in
210:Marinid dynasty
197:
122:
107:
95:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1687:Ali ibn Ismail
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1667:Ismail ibn Ali
1664:
1658:
1656:
1655:(1666–present)
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1621:Ahmad al-Abbas
1618:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1598:Zidan al-Nasir
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Musa ibn Faris
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Abu Inan Faris
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1190:(Ali ibn Umar)
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1067:
1061:
1046:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1004:
995:
989:
976:
970:
955:
949:
934:
928:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:
902:, p. 181.
892:
890:, p. 358.
875:
863:
861:, p. 357.
848:
844:Tarabulsi 2006
831:
829:, p. 165.
816:
814:, p. 163.
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
730:, p. 149.
719:
717:
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712:
709:
692:necropolis at
637:Abu Inan Faris
620:
617:
611:empire of the
599:
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495:Main article:
492:
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447:, who fled to
428:
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253:Abu Inan Faris
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1710:Muhammad III
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1550:Saadi dynasty
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1293:Abd al-Mu'min
1291:
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1273:Ishaq ibn Ali
1271:
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1258:Ali ibn Yusuf
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872:
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832:
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801:
796:
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789:
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778:, p. 56.
777:
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765:
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30:
19:
1790:Muhammad VI
1738:Muhammad IV
1692:Muhammad II
1401:
1075:
1051:
1030:
1009:
999:
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950:1-84603016-1
939:
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723:
703:in 1353 and
698:
683:
671:Oum er-Rebia
660:
656:Chelif River
641:
630:
601:
558:A desperate
557:
542:
527:
500:
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475:
464:
461:
438:
413:
401:
352:
349:Ferdinand IV
346:
303:against the
270:
190:
189:
29:
1819:1351 deaths
1814:1297 births
1774:Muhammad V
1635:(1659–1663)
1553:(1549–1659)
1488:(1465–1471)
1365:(1244–1465)
1286:(1121–1269)
1246:(1040–1147)
900:Julien 1961
752:Julien 1961
635:. His son,
449:Constantine
365:Muhammad IV
267:Early years
263:mountains.
198: 1297
67:Predecessor
1808:Categories
1782:Hassan II
1196:Yahya III
871:Niane 1984
800:Hills 1974
788:Hills 1974
776:Hills 1974
728:Empey 2017
711:References
663:Sijilmassa
652:Abdalwadid
560:Alfonso XI
519:Alfonso XI
515:Castilians
478:Sijilmassa
451:while the
405:Ibn Marzuq
393:Alfonso XI
261:High Atlas
109:High Atlas
1746:Hassan I
1633:interlude
1316:Yusuf II
1230:Hasan II
1204:Yahya IV
1180:Yahya II
1151:Idris II
1136:(788–974)
1031:Jerusalem
716:Citations
667:Marrakesh
592:Algeciras
564:Afonso IV
545:Algeciras
538:Gibraltar
467:Zayyanids
455:occupied
453:Zayyanids
389:Algeciras
373:Algeciras
341:Gibraltar
320:Gibraltar
315:Campaigns
218:Gibraltar
77:Successor
1298:Yusuf I
1212:Hasan I
1172:Yahya I
1143:Idris I
686:Abu Inan
633:Kairouan
598:Ifriqiya
297:Marinids
293:Ifriqiya
233:Ifriqiya
179:Religion
1188:Ali II
694:Chellah
690:Marinid
679:Hintata
648:Algiers
613:Maghreb
609:Almohad
580:Seville
549:Yusuf I
511:Granada
507:Yusuf I
471:Tlemcen
427:Tlemcen
421:Granada
417:Yusuf I
409:Tlemcen
369:Granada
331:, with
309:Tlemcen
301:Hafsids
273:Marinid
245:Maghreb
241:Tunisia
237:Algeria
226:Tlemcen
214:Morocco
163:Marinid
158:Dynasty
120:Chellah
94:c. 1297
1631:Dila'i
1164:Ali I
1082:
1059:
1038:
1017:
987:
968:
947:
926:
701:Béjaïa
644:Bougie
553:Tarifa
505:ruler
503:Nasrid
491:Tarifa
441:Béjaïa
363:ruler
361:Nasrid
287:ruler
285:Hafsid
275:ruler
230:Hafsid
222:Tarifa
202:Arabic
169:Father
115:Burial
705:Tunis
605:Tunis
578:near
534:Ceuta
457:Tunis
333:Ceuta
183:Islam
143:Names
128:Issue
59:Reign
1080:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1015:ISBN
985:ISBN
966:ISBN
945:ISBN
924:ISBN
339:and
299:and
239:and
228:and
103:Died
91:Born
509:of
419:of
387:at
367:of
307:of
291:of
257:Fez
97:Fez
1810::
1074:.
878:^
851:^
834:^
819:^
696:.
658:.
555:.
525:.
459:.
311:.
204::
195:c.
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
1088:.
1065:.
1044:.
1023:.
1002:.
993:.
974:.
953:.
932:.
343:.
193:(
20:)
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