596:
960:
to the far east importing a variety of goods to Iraq for sale. After finding entrepreneurial success, Abbas provided financial backing to his entire family taking them out of poverty. This was fundamental in allowing his father Al-Khoei to study full time and publish his works. Abbas moved to London in 1978. Whilst in London Abbas served the Middle
Eastern community, including sending his own children to interpret for sick patients at Kings College Hospital. Abbas passed away in July 2021 in Najaf at the age of 91.
700:
61:
983:. He emigrated from Iraq soon after the Shaban uprising and left for London. He became the secretary-general of the Foundation after his brother, Muhammad-Taqi's death. Soon after the fall of Baghdad to US forces in 2003, he returned to Iraq with plans to revive Najaf to the glory and splendour it enjoyed under the patronage of his father. However, he was assassinated on April 10, 2003, near the
926:
1368:
1354:
736:
1382:
396:
1396:
908:
in its early years, Al-Khoei "openly urged followers to ignore" Khomeini and "kept alive" the tradition of Shia thought "that accords more leeway to the idea of distinguishing between religious and political authority" then and "did so" until enthusiasm for
Islamist rule had lost much of its "allure"
959:
Abbas. Born in Najaf, moved to Baghdād to find work at the age of 12. Learning his craft and eventually becoming a successful businessman owning five shops in Baghdād. Abbas was a forward thinker who spoke 7 languages fluently (English, Arabic, Farsi, Turkish, Urdu, Azeri, Hindi) regularly travelled
690:
He was also the patron of about 1,000 grant-maintained students of theology from Iraq and other countries like
Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Persian Gulf States, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, South East Asia. He provided financial support for maintaining the schools including boarding expenses, teachers'
715:
and widely regarded as "wield enormous power over Iraq's Shia majority." The degree of success of his articulation of moderate Shia politics in Iraq have been said to be "in no small part traceable to the legacy of his mentor and teacher", al-Khoei.
937:
Jamal al-Din. He was al-Khoei's eldest son and spent his life in the service of his father's marja'iya. He died in Tehran after being diagnosed with cancer, in 1984. He was buried in the
Fatimah Masumah shrine in Qom. His notable works are:
550:
had a long-running feud with Al Khoei and his fellow clerics in Najaf over the legitimacy of theocratic rule. The dispute resulted in Al-Khoei seeking to dismiss Al
Shirazi's status as a religious scholar.
512:. In this position, he became a patron of numerous institutions across the globe that sought to provide welfare, and also provided scholarships to theological students from across the Muslim world.
508:
Due to his prominent position as a teacher and scholar in Najaf, he became an important leader of worldwide Shias. He was made the most prominent Grand
Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of
505:. Khoei continued to live in Najaf, becoming a teacher for the remainder of his life, and overseeing the studies of scholars who would be qualified to issue fatwas based on Shia theology.
969:. He was the secretary general of the Foundation in 1989. He was placed under house arrest with his father after the 1991 Shaban uprising. Muhammad-Taqi was allegedly assassinated by
603:
He was fervently dedicated to establishing welfare, social, cultural, and educational institutions for
Muslims worldwide. The following are some of the institutions he established:
566:
and forced to make public appearances with Saddam
Hussein. Hussein eventually allowed Khoei to return to Najaf, but he was placed under house arrest. Khoei died on 8 August 1992 in
1170:
651:. It is considered one of the biggest theology centres in the Shia world. The complex comprises the school building and living quarters capable of accommodating 500 families.
515:
He is considered as the architect of a distinct school of thought in the principles of jurisprudence and
Islamic law, and one of the leading exponents of
1457:
909:
among Shia worldwide. He should also be given much of the credit for whatever influence "moderate Shia politics" has had in Iraq after the fall of
1134:
1462:
1452:
874:
607:
759:
and was a prolific writer in these disciplines. He wrote 37 books and treatises, most of which have been published. His works include:
1437:
890:
1237:
402:
501:
where he began studying Shia theology with the scholars of that city. He eventually attained the rank of
Ayatollah and was made a
1447:
1025:
543:
901:. Nasr argues that Al-Khoei's importance in limiting the reach of Khomeini's ideas "is often underrated and unrecognized".
1477:
1472:
1467:
1174:
723:, who also shared a close relationship with al-Khoei. He was considered a high religious authorities in Iran, alongside
461:
in 1970, he became the spiritual leader of much of the Shia world until his death in 1992. He was succeeded briefly by
782:
1051:
973:, who set up a car accident, on the night of 21 July 1994. Besides reports of his father's lectures, he has authored
462:
286:
595:
1432:
1427:
1030:
1000:
724:
542:
Al-Khoei's status as the pre-eminent scholar of his age did not go unchallenged. In the 1970s, Grand Ayatollah
486:
290:
93:
204:
1056:
562:
during the mass Shia uprising that followed the defeat of Iraqi forces. While under arrest, he was taken to
523:
1015:
966:
720:
699:
165:
1020:
1422:
1417:
1010:
1005:
980:
170:
990:
Ibrahim. He was abducted from his house by the Baathist regime after the Shaban uprising, in 1991.
1045:
905:
894:
469:, took leadership of the seminary, whereby many of his followers became followers of al-Sistani.
60:
1387:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1130:
1040:
886:
119:
1442:
1401:
615:
427:
320:
1035:
984:
575:
509:
458:
437:
419:
276:
130:
34:
539:(exegesis of the Qur'an). His interests included astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.
1061:
970:
914:
910:
740:
708:
621:
571:
559:
466:
1411:
1208:
1197:
1186:
748:
949:
814:– in Arabic, Urdu, Persian, English, Turkish, Thai, Malay, Indonesian, and Gujarati
963:
Abd al-Sahib. Current secretary general of the Imam al-Khoei Foundation in London.
1254:
1151:
1124:
1103:
1082:
527:(study of the biographies of transmitters of ahadith, the prophetic traditions),
17:
1373:
1359:
925:
752:
497:
along with his older brother Abdullah and took up residence in the holy city of
258:
1349:
956:
Ali al-Khoei. He was killed young in a car accident between Baghdad and Najaf.
444:
194:
97:
898:
804:) – 2 volumes, reprinted 78 times (guide book on religious practice and law)
756:
676:
638:
735:
502:
447:
308:
1312:
555:
1381:
1126:
Guardians of Shi'ism: Sacred Authority and Transnational Family Networks
889:
from when the two lived in Najaf, and dismissed Khomeini's theory that
655:
563:
547:
451:
219:
683:
669:
628:
611:
535:
441:
311:
229:
37:
1263:] (in Arabic). Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat al-Rudhwan. p. 229.
1224:
The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam will shape the Future
924:
734:
698:
662:
594:
579:
567:
517:
498:
208:
140:
712:
529:
494:
490:
482:
478:
233:
115:
89:
1160:] (in Arabic). Egypt: Maktabat al-Ridhwan. pp. 227–30.
917:
who became the leading marjaʿ in Iraq after Al-Khoei's death.
904:
Although enthusiasm was passionate in the Shi'i world for the
648:
382:
351:
332:
326:
1158:
The Stance of Imami Shiism on the Rest of the Islamic Creeds
1153:
Mawqif al-Tashayyu al-Imamiya Min Baqi al-Firaq al-Muslimeen
1344:
385:
376:
300:
1339:
1256:
Mawqif al-Tashayyu al-Imamiyah Min Baqi Firaq al-Muslimeen
929:
al-Khoei (right) with his son in law Jamal al-Din al-Imani
1274:
1272:
1270:
1091:] (in Arabic). Mu'sasat al-Imam al-Khoei al-Khayriya.
365:
357:
337:
1089:
Imam Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei: Head of the Islamic Seminary
1084:
al-Imam Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei: Za'im al-Hawza al-Ilmiya
897:—as a "bogus innovation" in Islam according to scholar
747:
Khoei wrote about various topics, ranging from Islamic
570:, at the age of 92. His funeral was led by his student
450:'. Al-Khoei is considered one of the most influential
1209:
Who's who in Iraq: Ayatollah Sistani, 26 August, 2004
403:
354:
348:
465:, until his death in 1993. Then his former student,
368:
340:
329:
65:
Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei in his office at Najaf, 1970's
379:
373:
360:
345:
323:
296:
282:
272:
264:
254:
249:
239:
225:
215:
200:
190:
182:
146:
136:
126:
104:
75:
70:
32:
1221:
599:An Imam al-Khoei foundation building in New York.
1112:] (in Arabic). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Hadi.
1171:Has Kuwait reached the sectarian tipping point?
893:—i.e., a ruling jurist should be the basis of
1129:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 64–5.
788:The Elucidation of the Exegesis of The Qur'an
436:; November 19, 1899 – August 8, 1992) was an
8:
719:Another significant student of al-Khoei, is
711:is currently the most senior Shia cleric in
49:
1081:Tarrad, Hamada; Abd al-Hasan, Amin (2004).
764:Lectures in the Principles of Jurisprudence
703:al-Khoei (right) with Ali al-Sistani (left)
634:Imam al-Khoei Islamic Centre in London, U.K
1261:The Stance of Shiism On Other Muslim Sects
739:Ayatollah al-Khoei is brought in front of
432:
59:
29:
975:Kitab al-Iltizamat al-Taba'iya Fi al-Uqud
885:Al-Khoei was an "old rival" of Ayatollah
1198:Biography of Ayatollah Khoei in English
1187:Biography of Ayatollah Khoei in English
1073:
933:Khoei was married and had seven sons:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
770:Biographies of Narrators of Tradition
27:Iranian-Iraqi Shia marja' (1899-1992)
7:
493:. Around the age of 13, he moved to
1110:Biography and Life of Imam al-Khoei
944:Bahth Fi al-Falsafa Wa Ilm al-Kalam
875:Imam Al-Khoei Benevolent Foundation
608:Imam Al-Khoei Benevolent Foundation
431:
423:
50:
842:Commentary on The Steadfast Handle
25:
1315:[His family - His sons].
1253:al-Shafi'i, Abd al-Malik (2005).
1150:al-Shafi'i, Abd al-Malik (2005).
627:As-Sadiq and Az-Zahra Schools in
1458:Biographical evaluation scholars
1394:
1380:
1366:
1352:
808:Anthology of Religious Questions
546:, a radical theologian based in
319:
1105:Sirat Wa Hayat al-Imam al-Khoei
1026:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
913:through his mentee and student
315:Abu al-Qasim al-Musawi al-Khoei
51:السيد أبو القاسم الموسوي الخوئي
1:
1175:American Enterprise Institute
1123:Corboz, Elvire (2015-01-20).
834:) Principles of Jurisprudence
824:) Principles of Jurisprudence
743:after Shia uprisings in 1991.
691:salaries, and lodging costs.
661:As-Sayyid al-Khoei Centre in
654:As-Sayyid al-Khoei Centre in
848:Treatise on Suspected Attire
792:The Prolegomena to the Quran
1463:20th-century Iranian people
864:), in defence of the Qur'an
852:Risala fil Libas Al-Mashkok
783:Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran
668:Imam al-Khoei Orphanage in
186:Ali-Akbar al-Khoei (father)
1494:
1453:Burials at Imam Ali Mosque
854:, Evidential Jurisprudence
521:(scholastic theology) and
489:in 1899. Khoei grew up in
1438:Iranian emigrants to Iraq
1102:al-Waseti, Ahmed (1998).
1031:Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani
862:The Fragrance of Miracles
810:– Concise version of the
802:The Path of the Righteous
675:Imam-e-Zamana Mission in
477:Al Khoei was born in the
424:أبو القاسم الموسوي الخوئي
58:
47:
1345:Imam Al-Khoei Foundation
1052:Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari
1001:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani
558:, Khoei was arrested by
487:West Azerbaijan province
463:Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari
291:Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani
287:Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari
1057:Muhammad-Hadi al-Milani
838:Sharh-el-Urwatul-Wuthqa
832:The Best of Regulations
790:and sometimes entitled
574:. He was buried in the
98:Sublime State of Persia
1448:Critics of Sunni Islam
1295:, Norton, 2006, p. 144
1282:, Norton, 2006, p. 145
1016:Muhammad Hossein Naini
930:
744:
704:
644:Darul Hikmah in Najaf.
600:
244:Mu'jam rijal al-hadith
1021:Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi
940:Sharh Kifayat al-Usul
928:
822:Edifices of Deduction
812:Path of the Righteous
738:
721:Muhammad-Sadiq Rohani
702:
637:Jamia-tul-Kauthar in
598:
533:(jurisprudence), and
265:Period in office
42:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei
1478:Critics of Wahhabism
1473:Shia hadith scholars
1468:Iranian Shia clerics
1068:References and notes
1011:Abdallah Mazandarani
1006:Mirza Husayn Tehrani
624:in Queens, New York.
433:ابوالقاسم موسوی خویی
1313:"Usratuh - Awladih"
1220:Nasr, Vali (2006).
798:Minhaju-us-Saliheen
544:Mohammed Al-Shirazi
457:After the death of
1228:. Norton. p.
1048:(book by Khomeini)
1046:Islamic Government
931:
906:Iranian Revolution
895:Islamic Government
818:Mabani al-Istinbat
745:
705:
601:
576:Shrine of Imam Ali
1388:Shia Islam portal
1177:, August 14, 2013
1136:978-0-7486-9145-6
1041:Ruhollah Khomeini
887:Ruhollah Khomeini
844:) – Jurisprudence
828:Ajwad-at-Taqrirat
647:Madinatul Ilm in
306:
305:
86:November 19, 1899
18:Abul-Qassim Khoei
16:(Redirected from
1485:
1433:People from Khoy
1428:Iraqi ayatollahs
1404:
1402:Biography portal
1399:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1340:Official website
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1309:
1296:
1293:The Shia Revival
1289:
1283:
1280:The Shia Revival
1276:
1265:
1264:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1078:
881:Political impact
725:Waheed Khurasani
682:Najafi House in
556:Persian Gulf War
435:
434:
425:
414:
410:
406:
401:
400:
399:
398:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
301:Official website
226:Main interest(s)
111:
85:
83:
63:
53:
52:
30:
21:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1317:www.alkhoei.net
1311:
1310:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1036:Fazlullah Nouri
997:
985:Imam Ali Mosque
923:
891:Velayat-e faqih
883:
871:
858:Nafahat-ul Ijaz
733:
707:Former student
697:
593:
588:
510:Muhsin al-Hakim
475:
459:Muhsin al-Hakim
412:
408:
404:
395:
394:
393:
372:
364:
344:
336:
322:
318:
309:Grand Ayatollah
277:Muhsin al-Hakim
240:Notable work(s)
178:
131:Imam Ali Shrine
122:
113:
109:
100:
94:West Azerbaijan
87:
81:
79:
66:
54:
43:
40:
35:Grand Ayatollah
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1391:
1377:
1363:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1334:External links
1332:
1329:
1328:
1297:
1284:
1266:
1245:
1238:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1163:
1142:
1135:
1115:
1094:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:Ali al-Sistani
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
996:
993:
992:
991:
988:
978:
971:Saddam Hussein
964:
961:
957:
954:
922:
919:
915:Ali al-Sistani
911:Saddam Hussein
882:
879:
878:
877:
870:
867:
866:
865:
855:
845:
835:
825:
815:
805:
795:
779:
773:
767:
741:Saddam Hussein
732:
729:
709:Ali al-Sistani
696:
693:
688:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
642:
635:
632:
625:
622:al-Iman School
619:
592:
589:
587:
584:
572:Ali al-Sistani
560:Saddam Hussein
474:
471:
467:Ali al-Sistani
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
177:
176:
173:
168:
163:
160:
157:
154:
150:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
120:Ba'athist Iraq
114:
112:(aged 92)
108:August 8, 1992
106:
102:
101:
88:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1403:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:0-393-06211-2
1235:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
989:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
968:
967:Muhammad-Taqi
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
951:
945:
941:
936:
935:
934:
927:
921:Personal life
920:
918:
916:
912:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
880:
876:
873:
872:
868:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
846:
843:
839:
836:
833:
829:
826:
823:
819:
816:
813:
809:
806:
803:
799:
796:
793:
789:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
760:
758:
754:
750:
749:jurisprudence
742:
737:
730:
728:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
701:
694:
692:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
605:
604:
597:
590:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
540:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
525:
520:
519:
513:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
429:
421:
417:
416:
397:
390:
316:
313:
310:
302:
299:
295:
292:
288:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:
257:
255:Based in
253:
250:Muslim leader
248:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
201:Jurisprudence
199:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:Muhammad-Taqi
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:Resting place
125:
121:
117:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
78:
74:
69:
62:
57:
46:
39:
36:
31:
19:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1292:
1291:Nasr, Vali,
1287:
1279:
1278:Nasr, Vali,
1260:
1255:
1248:
1223:
1215:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1166:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1076:
981:Abd al-Majid
974:
948:Sharh Diwan
947:
943:
939:
932:
903:
884:
861:
857:
851:
847:
841:
837:
831:
827:
821:
817:
811:
807:
801:
797:
791:
787:
781:
778:– 18 volumes
775:
772:– 24 volumes
769:
766:– 10 volumes
763:
746:
718:
706:
689:
602:
553:
541:
534:
528:
522:
516:
514:
507:
476:
456:
314:
307:
243:
191:Denomination
171:Abd al-Majid
162:Abd al-Sahib
153:Jamal al-Din
110:(1992-08-08)
1423:1992 deaths
1418:1899 births
1374:Iraq portal
1360:Iran portal
950:al-Mutanabi
776:Islamic Law
753:mathematics
454:scholars.
273:Predecessor
259:Najaf, Iraq
1412:Categories
1322:2020-04-11
554:After the
82:1899-11-19
987:in Najaf.
899:Vali Nasr
757:astronomy
677:Hyderabad
639:Islamabad
473:Biography
283:Successor
268:1970–1992
995:See also
869:Internet
695:Students
481:city of
411:-sim al
407:-boo al
147:Children
137:Religion
71:Personal
1443:Musawis
656:Bangkok
591:Welfare
564:Baghdad
548:Karbala
536:tafseer
479:Iranian
452:twelver
438:Iranian
428:Persian
297:Website
220:Twelver
205:Ja'fari
175:Ibrahim
1236:
1133:
684:Mumbai
670:Beirut
629:London
612:Queens
586:Legacy
420:Arabic
312:Sayyid
230:Hadith
183:Parent
38:Sayyid
1259:[
1156:[
1108:[
1087:[
731:Works
663:Dhaka
580:Najaf
568:Najaf
524:rijal
518:kalam
503:marja
499:Najaf
448:marja
442:Iraqi
392:
216:Creed
209:Usuli
195:Shi'a
159:Abbas
141:Islam
1234:ISBN
1131:ISBN
755:and
713:Iraq
530:fiqh
495:Iraq
491:Iran
483:Khoy
445:Shia
413:KHOO
234:Fiqh
116:Kufa
105:Died
90:Khoy
76:Born
1230:145
751:to
649:Qom
610:in
578:in
415:-ee
409:KAH
156:Ali
1414::
1300:^
1269:^
1232:.
1173:,
946:,
942:,
850:–
727:.
616:NY
614:,
582:.
485:,
430::
426:;
422::
418:;
405:AH
383:uː
352:ɑː
333:uː
327:ɑː
289:,
232:,
118:,
96:,
92:,
1325:.
1242:.
1139:.
977:.
953:.
860:(
840:(
830:(
820:(
800:(
794:)
786:(
686:.
679:.
672:.
665:.
658:.
641:.
631:.
618:.
440:-
389:/
386:i
380:h
377:x
374:ˈ
369:l
366:æ
361:m
358:ɪ
355:s
349:k
346:ˈ
341:l
338:æ
330:b
324:ˈ
321:/
317:(
211:)
207:(
84:)
80:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.