346:
Lincei, Harvey, Gassendi, Marco
Aurelio Severino—who was probably also in contact with the Lincie—and Nathanial Highmore." Domenico Bertoloni Meli, in Mechanism, Experiment, Disease: Marcello Malpighi and Seventeenth-Century Anatomy (Johns Hopkins University Press: 2011; p. 41). Microscopes were not just by the Lincei for astronomical and mathematical work, but were also used for new experimentations in anatomy, as this was the time of the rise of mechanistic anatomy, and the theories of atomism. Experimentation proliferated across the board. Cesi's own intense activity was cut short by his sudden death in 1630 at forty-five.
199:, whose theories the new science called into question. While originally a private association, the Academy became a semi-public establishment during the Napoleonic domination of Rome. This shift allowed the local scientific elite to carve out a place for themselves in larger scientific networks. However, as a semi-public establishment, the Academy's focus was directed by Napoleonic politics. This focus directed the member's efforts towards stimulating industry, turning public opinion in favour of the French regime and secularizing the country.
507:. The period from 1801 to 1840 has been termed the "Second Renaissance" of the Accademia. Conflicting goals and general shifts in the "geo-political scale" left the Academy in a state of limbo, which ultimately led to its collapse in the 1840s. During the French domination of the Accademia, the institution saw a transition from a private association to a municipal institution. Despite efforts from the early 1800s onward, the Accademia underwent a true revival in 1847, when
111:
345:
describing the flora, fauna and drugs of the New World, which took decades of labour, down to 1651. With this publication, the first, most famous phase of the Lincei was concluded. The new usage of microscopy, with "references to magnification tools can be found in the works of
Galileo and several
262:. Della Porta encouraged Cesi to continue with his endeavours. Giambattista della Porta joined Cesi's academy in 1610. While in Naples, Cesi also met with Nardo Antonio Recchi to negotiate the acquisition of a collection of material describing Aztec plants and animals written by
728:
In 1986, the
Academy was placed under a statute that says it shall be composed of 540 members, of whom 180 are ordinary Italian members, 180 are foreigners, and 180 are Italian corresponding members. The members are divided into two classes: one for
1226:, Pubblicazioni degli Archivi di Stato – Strumenti, vol. CLXVII, Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali – Dipartimento per i Beni Archivistici e Librari – Direzione Generale per gli Archivi, pp. lxxxiv+492,
714:, the Lincean Academy recovered its independence. A brief history of this period of the Accademia, as well as the complete inventory of publications and documents produced in the same period, can be found in the book by
319:. Members were ordered to "penetrate into the interior of things in order to know the causes and operations of nature, as it is said the lynx does, which sees not only what is outside, but what is hidden within."
140:, supported him both financially and morally. The Academy struggled due to this disapproval, but after the death of Frederico's father, he had enough money to allow the academy to flourish. The academy, hosted in
83:
was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted "Galileo
Galilei Linceo" as his signature. "The Lincei did not long survive the death in 1630 of Cesi, its founder and patron", and "disappeared in 1651."
541:. This incarnation broadened its scope to include moral and humanistic sciences, and regained the high prestige associated with the original Lincean Academy. After the unification of Italy, the Piedmontese
216:, which had an illustration of the fabled cat on the cover and the words " with lynx-like eyes, examining those things which manifest themselves, so that having observed them, he may zealously use them".
99:, descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.
230:
the lynx was reputed to be able to see through rock and "new walls"). The academy's motto, chosen by Cesi, was: "Take care of small things if you want to obtain the greatest results" (
277:
The goal was nothing less than the assembly of modern science reflected on the method of observation: the church of knowledge. The
Academy was to possess in each quarter of the global
549:, reaffirming its ideals of secular science, but broadening its scope to include humanistic studies: history, philology, archaeology, philosophy, economics and law, in two classes of
1742:
1446:
325:
was inducted to the exclusive
Academy on April 25, 1611, and became its intellectual centre. Galileo clearly felt honoured by his association with the Academy for he adopted
1673:
1348:
Facts Worth
Knowing Selected Mainly from the Scientific American for Household, Workshop, and Farm Embracing Practical and Useful Information for Every Branch of Industry
1747:
1712:
183:. The literary and antiquarian emphasis set the "Lincei" apart from the host of sixteenth and seventeenth-century Italian Academies. Cesi envisioned a program of free
1469:
1257:
1604:
1331:
1218:
848:
246:, he met with many scientists in fields of interest to him including the botanist, Fabio Colonna, the natural history writer, Ferrante Imperato, and the
179:. At the time of the Accademia's founding Cesi was only 18, and the others were only 8 years older. Cesi and his friends aimed to understand all of the
1634:
1439:
494:
1722:
1717:
1282:
1031:
David
Freedberg, The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002.
110:
1752:
1727:
1737:
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della Porta. Della Porta was impressed with Cesi, and dedicated three works to the
Linceans including a treatise on distillation called
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1455:
673:
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1231:
916:
895:
1659:
1574:
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Ministero per i Beni
Culturali e Ambientali – Dipartimento per i Beni Archivistici e Librari – Direzione Generale per gli Archivi
710:, but was not fully absorbed by that institution until 1939. In 1949, after the fall of the fascist regime, at the suggestion of
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The Linceans produced an important collection of micrographs or drawings made with the help of the newly invented
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572:
1047:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature
844:
The Accademia regularly awards prestigious prizes to talented researchers and scholars. Notable prizes include:
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1287:
858:
452:
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315:(i.e. a soft and feminine rest) which would pose an "obstacle to a life of research". Membership was banned to
207:
145:
87:
During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Vatican and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the
1237:
1043:"On the Origins of Learned Academies in Modern Europe. An Address Delivered to the Academy, November 30, 1912"
975:
Donato, Maria Pia. "Science on the Fringe of the Empire: The Academy of Linceans in the early 19th century".
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and applications. At the same time, the moral sciences were divided into seven categories: philology and
1584:
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333:. Among the Academy's early publications in the fields of astronomy, physics and botany were Galileo's "
278:
56:
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128:, an aristocrat from Umbria (the son of Duke of Acquasparta and a member of an important family from
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176:
1117:"Science on the Fringe of the Empire: The Academy of the Linceans in the Early Nineteenth Century"
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406:
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as his signature. The Academy published his works and supported him during his disputes with the
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678:
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1324:
Theophrastus on Lyngurium: medieval and early modern lore from the classical lapidary tradition
1388:
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363:, a Roman antiquarian, whose heirs sold them. The majority of the collection was procured by
55:, is one of the oldest and most prestigious European scientific institutions, located at the
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136:. Cesi's father disapproved of the research career that Federico was pursuing. His mother,
79:, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the observational prowess that science requires.
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668:
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588:
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467:– poet, intellectual, Secretary of Briefs to Pope Gregory XV and chamberlain to Urban VIII
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period, the Lincean Academy was effectively replaced by the new Accademia d'Italia, the
1338:
The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History
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301:. Members frequently wrote letters about their observations. The Lyncæis denounced
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68:
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In 2001, the natural sciences were re-divided into five categories: mathematics,
281:
with adequate endowments to retain membership. These communes were complete with
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in 1986, by art historian David Freedberg. They are being published as part of
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155:
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by Louise George Clubb – Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey, 1965
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821:
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184:
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1675:
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Reale Accademia d'Italia. Inventario dell'archivio (Inventory of the Archive)
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226:; animals with, or reputed to have, keen sight (in classical and medieval
302:
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Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories
473:– poet, intellectual, and chamberlain to Popes Gregory XV and Urban VIII
168:(Italianized to Giovanni Ecchio) and two fellow Umbrians, mathematician
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that was respectful of tradition, yet unfettered by blind obedience to
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Notes on the Accademia dei Lincei from the Scholarly Societies Project
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809:
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132:) who was passionately interested in natural history – particularly
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Premio Internazionale Cataldo Agostinelli e Angela Gili Agostinelli
316:
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203:
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near Saint Peter, replaced the first scientific community ever,
129:
76:
64:
1428:
437:– Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher
825:
805:
455:– Italian philosopher, printer, architect, and medical doctor
1213:
in the Italian Knowledge, retrieved 09:12, Feb 2, 2005 (UTC)
998:
Della Porta's Life – From Giambattista Della Porta Dramatist
1365:
266:. This collection of material would eventually become the
1217:
Cagiano De Azevedo, Paola; Gerardi, Elvira, eds. (2005),
1099:
Accademia dei Lincei: Protagonisti: Feliciano Scarpellini
715:
393:– Greek theologian, chemist, mathematician, coined name "
1360:
946:"Federico Cesi (1585–1630) and the Accademia dei Lincei"
992:
990:
864:
Premio del Ministro per i Beni e le Attività Culturali
861:
for young Italian researchers in Physics and Chemistry
206:-like (i. e., lynx-eyed, sharp-eyed) ones' came from
1404:
The British Library's database of Italian Academies
1361:Official website, with brief history (in Italian).
681:- Geologist - First and only Middle Eastern member
443:– German Jesuit, Missionary to China and polymath
1470:Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna
91:, founded in 1847, claims this heritage as the
1605:Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL
1027:
1025:
935:(Oxford and New York: New Market Books, 1987).
427:– German physician and botanist, coined name "
1440:
502:
354:
217:
159:
119:
32:
8:
1743:Scientific organizations established in 1603
1258:Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali
886:Quoted from: Peter M.J Hess, Paul L. Allen.
367:, in 1763. The drawings were discovered in
1447:
1433:
1425:
1340:, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002.
415:– Italian scholar, polymath and playwright
359:closed and the drawings were collected by
1635:Ateneo Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
1378:"The Scientific Societies of Italy"
1350:. Hartford: S. S. Scranton and Co. 1895.
254:, a book on curvilinear geometry called
164:with three friends: the Dutch physician
1748:1603 establishments in the Papal States
1713:Scientific organisations based in Italy
1283:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
977:Nuncius: Annali di Storia della Scienza
879:
716:Cagiano De Azevedo & Gerardi (2005)
93:Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei (
373:The Paper Museum of Cassiano dal Pozzo
154:in Naples that had been closed by the
95:"Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes"
51:of the Lynx-Eyed"), anglicised as the
1209:This article draws material from the
1110:
1108:
1106:
575:– archaeologist – first female member
513:Pontificia Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei
260:The Transformations of the Atmosphere
42:
7:
1408:Historic article about the society,
1197:Fascist Italy, John Whittam, page 84
1115:Donato, Maria Pia (1 January 2012).
535:Accademia Nazionale Reale dei Lincei
222:'s symbols were both a lynx and an
1580:Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino
1294:Van Helden, Albert (24 May 2004),
849:Premio Presidente della Repubblica
674:Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
75:, the academy was named after the
27:Academy of sciences in Rome, Italy
25:
1260:). The complete inventory of the
933:Encyclopedia of Renaissance Italy
1575:Accademia delle Arti del Disegno
517:Pontifical Academy of New Lincei
365:George III of the United Kingdom
44:[akkaˈdɛːmjadeilinˈtʃɛi]
1387:. Vol. 42. November 1892.
1081:Paper Museum, Warburg Institute
1723:National academies of sciences
1718:Members of the Lincean Academy
1630:Associazione Agraria Subalpina
1459:and learned societies in Italy
1266:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
723:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
539:Royal National Lincean Academy
1:
1660:Società Entomologica Italiana
1416:The Oldest Scientific Society
1249:), freely available from the
264:Francisco Hernández de Toledo
89:Pontifical Academy of Science
1753:1603 establishments in Italy
907:Quoted from: Agustín Udías.
1728:Organisations based in Rome
1620:Academia Secretorum Naturae
1490:Accademia degli Incamminati
1418:", 27 November 1880, p. 340
1366:Official website in English
772:and applications; physics,
151:Academia Secretorum Naturae
1769:
1738:Learned societies of Italy
1645:Italian Mathematical Union
1590:Accademia di Santa Cecilia
1500:Accademia degli Infiammati
1278:"The Accademia dei Lincei"
545:infused new life into the
524:Reale Accademia dei Lincei
353:. After Cesi's death, the
1555:Accademia dei Risvegliati
1520:Accademia degli Svogliati
1510:Accademia degli Intronati
1495:Accademia degli Incogniti
1465:
1330:, 2001 Oct;58(4):357-79,
1264:, which incorporated the
573:Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli
355:
232:minima cura si maxima vis
218:
160:
120:
33:
1650:Italian Physical Society
1540:Accademia dei Georgofili
1530:Accademia degli Umoristi
1505:Accademia degli Inquieti
1480:Accademia degli Apatisti
1288:University of St Andrews
1262:Reale Accademia d'Italia
1133:10.1163/182539112X637183
859:Alfredo di Braccio Award
493:, with the patronage of
453:Nicola Antonio Stigliola
413:Giambattista della Porta
238:, their other motto was
208:Giambattista della Porta
146:Giambattista della Porta
67:, Italy. Founded in the
1640:Dante Alighieri Society
1550:Accademia dei Ricovrati
1384:Popular Science Monthly
1086:March 27, 2008, at the
1041:Mahaffy, J. P. (1912).
888:Catholicism and Science
609:William Ewart Gladstone
599:Edward Augustus Freeman
501:which took the name of
461:– Italian mathematician
202:The name "Lincei" 'the
124:was founded in 1603 by
1655:Royal Academy of Italy
1610:Accademia Neoplatonica
1570:Accademia della Crusca
1515:Accademia degli Oziosi
1485:Accademia degli Arcadi
1268:between 1939 and 1944.
788:and applications; and
696:Royal Academy of Italy
503:
327:Galileo Galilei Linceo
142:Palazzo Cesi-Armellini
115:
40:Italian pronunciation:
1689:41.89333°N 12.46667°E
1585:Accademia di San Luca
1565:Accademia del Disegno
1560:Accademia del Cimento
1525:Accademia degli Umidi
1211:corresponding article
822:philosophical science
511:re-founded it as the
487:Feliciano Scarpellini
113:
1733:17th century in Rome
1615:Accademia Pontaniana
1600:Accademia Galileiana
1595:Accademia Fiorentina
1545:Accademia dei Lincei
1535:Accademia dei Gelati
1297:Accademia dei Lincei
1274:Robertson, Edmund F.
814:historical geography
685:
537:, anglicised as the
515:, anglicised as the
504:Accademia dei Lincei
356:Accademia dei Lincei
242:. When Cesi visited
219:Accademia dei Lincei
161:Accademia dei Lincei
121:Accademia dei Lincei
34:Accademia dei Lincei
18:Accademia dei lincei
1685: /
1625:Accademia Veneziana
1475:Accademia Cosentina
1411:Scientific American
1332:PDF on Academia.edu
1272:O'Connor, John J.;
1243:on 7 September 2012
950:The Galileo Project
790:biological sciences
579:Domenico Comparetti
533:turned it into the
401:Anastasio de Filiis
335:Letters on Sunspots
313:effeminata requies"
256:Elementa Curvilinea
177:Anastasio de Filiis
158:. Cesi founded the
1694:41.89333; 12.46667
911:. Springer, 2003.
776:and applications;
760:and applications;
687:Accademia d'Italia
491:Gioacchino Pessuti
447:Francesco Stelluti
407:Johannes van Heeck
391:Giovanni Demisiani
361:Cassiano dal Pozzo
170:Francesco Stelluti
166:Johannes van Heeck
116:
1668:
1667:
1344:T. O'Conor Sloane
1336:David Freedberg,
1328:Annals of Science
1253:(a branch of the
854:Feltrinelli Prize
834:political science
826:juridical science
694:see main article
629:Antonio Pacinotti
619:Werner Heisenberg
568:Giusto Bellavitis
499:Accademia Caetani
495:Francesco Caetani
471:Virginio Cesarini
465:Giovanni Ciampoli
409:– Dutch physician
331:Roman Inquisition
299:botanical gardens
236:T. O'Conor Sloane
61:Via della Lungara
47:; literally the "
16:(Redirected from
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741:; the other for
739:natural sciences
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649:George Rawlinson
644:Olinto De Pretto
604:Giovanni Gentile
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358:
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343:Tesoro Messicano
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268:Tesoro Messicano
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234:). According to
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589:Albert Einstein
584:Benedetto Croce
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485:In 1801, Abbot
483:
449:– mathematician
435:Galileo Galilei
421:– German artist
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213:Magia Naturalis
191:, even that of
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57:Palazzo Corsini
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958:. Retrieved
954:the original
949:
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818:anthropology
782:paleontology
755:
751:philological
731:mathematical
727:
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679:Celal Şengör
594:Enrico Fermi
550:
547:Nuovi Lincei
546:
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1010:Walton, 370
960:10 December
812:; history,
798:archaeology
794:linguistics
702:During the
563:Mario Ageno
553:(Fellows).
341:", and the
339:The Assayer
156:Inquisition
71:in 1603 by
1707:Categories
1680:12°28′00″E
1677:41°53′36″N
1397:Wikisource
1316:Connexions
1308:14 January
1204:References
1188:Sloane, 11
1179:Sloane, 11
1170:Sloane, 11
1161:Sloane, 11
1071:Sloane, 11
898:. Page 39.
786:mineralogy
770:geophysics
753:sciences.
747:historical
639:Max Planck
429:microscope
403:– polymath
351:microscope
228:bestiaries
185:experiment
118:The first
1457:Accademie
1393:0161-7370
1141:1825-3911
1059:0035-8991
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774:chemistry
762:astronomy
758:mechanics
614:Otto Hahn
529:In 1874,
479:Accademia
395:telescope
387:– founder
283:libraries
193:Aristotle
189:authority
105:Accademia
1326:, 2001,
1149:23035397
1084:Archived
735:physical
303:marriage
279:communes
248:polymath
210:'s book
174:polymath
1255:Italian
1247:Italian
1121:Nuncius
931:(ed.),
808:and of
778:geology
766:geodesy
557:Members
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337:" and "
323:Galileo
291:museums
197:Ptolemy
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307:mollis
305:as a "
297:, and
258:, and
244:Naples
134:botany
103:First
1241:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
875:Notes
743:moral
317:monks
224:eagle
1389:ISSN
1310:2010
1245:(in
1228:ISBN
1145:PMID
1137:ISSN
1055:ISSN
962:2015
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892:ISBN
832:and
551:Soci
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204:lynx
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