422:, can also provide electrical isolation, as trigger and receiver unit are physically separate. The camera is only presented with the low voltage used by the local trigger unit, and the remote receiver unit is designed to tolerate up to 200 volts from its flash port. Slave flash, where the flash from a safe flash unit connected to the camera triggers an unconnected flashgun which, if connected, would present a dangerous voltage, is another way to use a flashgun which cannot be connected to a hot shoe; indeed, it can be used for a camera with built-in flash and no hot shoe.
71:
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circuits. When only the PC terminal is used and nothing is connected to the hotshoe, a flash with high trigger circuit voltages connected to the PC terminal delivers this voltage on the normally unprotected middle contact of the camera's ISO hotshoe. If the photographer's eyebrows accidentally make contact with the middle contact, the
425:
The trigger voltages provided by some modern flashes or radio triggers can also be too low to reliably trigger electronic circuits in the camera or receiver. Trigger circuit voltages below ca. 2 to 2.5 volts may exhibit this problem, unless the triggering circuit is specifically designed to work with
128:
The hot shoe is shaped somewhat like an inverted, squared-off "U" of metal. The matching adapter on the bottom of the flash unit slides in from the back of the camera and is sometimes secured by a clamping screw or sliding clamp on the flash. In the center of the "U" is a metal contact point. This is
136:
In addition to the central contact point, many cameras have additional metal contacts within the "U" of the hot shoe. These are proprietary connectors that allow for more communication between the camera and a "dedicated flash". A dedicated flash can communicate information about its power rating to
429:
Older cameras equipped with an electro-mechanical trigger contact may exhibit yet another problem. If they provide both an ISO hotshoe and a PC terminal, both are typically wired to the same trigger contact in the camera rather than triggered independently as in cameras with electronic triggering
360:
specification allows for a trigger voltage of 24 volts. Some manufacturers, particularly Canon, ask for no more than 6 volts. Flash units designed for modern cameras use voltages which are safe and effective, but some older flashes have much higher voltages, up to hundreds of volts, which damage
352:
An internal camera circuit connects the center contact and shoe mount to trigger the flash. The magnitude and polarity of the voltage between the contacts on the flash in the open-circuit condition has varied between different flash units; this is of no consequence for a simple electromechanical
434:
can cause pain or even injuries. One way camera manufacturers have used to avoid this problem was to use two independent trigger contacts, which, however, could cause flash synchronization problems. Another, as utilized by
Minolta in all such cameras supporting a PC terminal, was to add a small
133:. Normally the metal of the shoe and the metal of the contact are electrically isolated from each other. To fire the flash, these two pieces are connected together. The flash unit sets up a circuit between shoe and contact—when it is completed by the camera, the flash fires.
447:). They are used with off-camera flash units, mounted on stands and connected to the camera by cable or triggered wirelessly. Accessories which do not connect electrically to the camera can be inserted into hot shoes, without using the contacts. For instance a stereo
353:
contact on the camera so long as the energy is not so high as to damage the contacts. However, with more recent cameras with electronic triggering, excessive or insufficient voltage, or incorrect polarity can cause failure to fire, or damage the camera.
266:
series. This quick-lock hotshoe is mechanically and electrically compatible with a standard 2-pin ISO-518 hotshoe, but electrically compatible with the previous Auto-lock
Accessory Shoe with extensions, so that passive adapters
137:
the camera, set camera settings automatically, transmit color temperature data about the emitted light, and can be commanded to light a focus-assist light or fire a lower-powered pre-flash for focus-assist, metering assist or
374:
It is possible to connect an older high-voltage triggering flash to a camera which can only tolerate 5 or 6 volts through an adaptor containing the necessary voltage protection circuitry, typically using a high power
155:, the internal dimensions are 18.7 mm x 18.0 mm x 2.05 mm whereas the external dimensions are 20.7 mm x 18 mm x 5.1 mm. The spacing between the two "teeth" of the shoe is 12.6 mm.
93:
and other compatible accessories. It takes the form of an angled metal bracket surrounding a metal contact point which completes an electrical connection between camera and accessory for standard, brand-independent
394:
to transfer a safe trigger impulse from the camera to the flash. They are powered by batteries, as their electronics cannot be powered from the flash. As an example, Minolta offered the PC terminal adapter
275:
allow the use of digital-ready iISO flashes on new cameras and some new Multi
Interface Shoe equipment on older cameras, while providing compatibility with standard ISO-based equipment as well.
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231:, as well up to 2012. Since the electrical protocol remained mostly compatible, TTL and non-TTL adapters exist to adapt ISO-based flashes to iISO hotshoes and vice versa.
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498:"ISO 518:2006 - Photography - Camera accessory shoes, with and without electrical contacts, for photoflash lamps and electronic photoflash units - Specification"
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of the units. Such adapters will ensure that there is no electrical connection of any kind between both sides of the adapter, including ground. They use either
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520:"ISO 518:2006 - Photography -- Camera accessory shoes, with and without electrical contacts, for photoflash lamps and electronic photoflash units"
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Sony also used a variety of other proprietary hotshoes for other digital cameras, including the ISO-based 6-pin Cyber-shot hotshoe, the 16-pin
219:. A compatible 7-pin variant, which allows battery-less accessories to be powered by the camera's battery were also made, but not widely used.
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120:(ISO) in ISO 518:2006. Details such as trigger voltage are not standardised; electrical incompatibilities are still possible between brands.
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Before the 1970s, many cameras had an "accessory shoe" intended to hold accessories including flashes that connected electrically via a
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179:. These earlier accessory shoes were of standard shape and had no electrical contacts; contacts were added to produce the hot shoe.
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In order to avoid dangerous loops when connecting equipment in complex studio setups, better adapters offer voltage protection and
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contacts are only protected up to ca. 5 volts in some cameras. Minolta documented all their cameras' electronically controlled
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379:. Such adapters drain power from the flash's trigger voltage and therefore often do not need a power supply of their own.
109:", with no flash contacts, formerly fitted to cameras to hold accessories such as a rangefinder, or flash connected by a
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switch on the side of the ISO hotshoe which disabled the middle contact until something was inserted into the hotshoe.
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403:) for this purpose, which worked as a galvanic isolator and could withstand 400 volts DC or AC. The similar Sony
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208:. With multi-brand ISO hot shoe, cameras and flashes from different manufacturers work together.
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digital SLR cameras are based on
Minolta designs and used the same connector, officially named
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250:(versions 1 and 2). In September 2012, Sony announced a new ISO-based 21+3 pin
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use the standard ISO hot shoe with various proprietary electronic extensions.
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combined these electronic extensions into a multi-brand hot shoe on their
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also offer galvanic isolation as well, but only up to 60 volts DC or AC.
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There is still a need for accessory shoes without electrical function (
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electronic triggering circuits. Some use negative DC polarity, or AC.
144:
The physical dimensions of the "standard hot shoe" are defined by the
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324:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1958:
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500:. International Organization for Standardization. 12 May 2006
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units utilize the accessory shoe for mounting to the camera.
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for use with their future digital cameras of the Alpha, NEX,
27:
Mounting point on top of a camera to attach a flash unit
313:
522:. International Organization for Standardization. 2006
570:"Pocket Wizard owner's manual for PW II Plus, p. 14"
278:
Canon uses a non-ISO-based 13+1 pin hot shoe, named
2182:
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2024:
1967:
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371:and ISO hot shoes to be protected up to 400 volts.
101:
The hot shoe is a development of the standardised "
116:The dimensions of the hot shoe are defined by the
217:proprietary slide-on auto-lock "iISO" connector
146:International Organization for Standardization
118:International Organization for Standardization
638:
587:"Strobist: Frio Cold Shoe: Locked and Loaded"
8:
451:or electronic viewfinder can be used in the
2190:Conservation and restoration of photographs
1917:Comparison of digital and film photography
645:
631:
623:
77:accessory shoe without electrical function
2142:Photographs considered the most important
340:Learn how and when to remove this message
468:
455:camera's hot shoe. FotoSpot geotagging
200:In 2014, camera accessory manufacturer
418:Flash servos and radio triggers, e.g.
129:used for standard, brand-independent
7:
85:is a mounting point on the top of a
32:For the horseshoeing technique, see
2137:Museums devoted to one photographer
439:Modern cold shoes and other devices
34:Horseshoe § Process of shoeing
1679:Timeline of photography technology
25:
542:"Strobist: Don't fry your camera"
2240:
2230:
2229:
294:
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477:"Photo Strobe Trigger Voltages"
238:(AIS) and the ISO-based 16-pin
556:"List of strobes and voltages"
1:
1729:Painted photography backdrops
1661:Golden triangle (composition)
941:35 mm equivalent focal length
206:wireless flash transceiver V6
54:Proprietary hot shoe used by
1439:Intentional camera movement
320:the claims made and adding
282:on some of its camcorders.
246:cameras used a proprietary
2284:
2132:Most expensive photographs
1484:Multi-exposure HDR capture
240:Intelligent Accessory Shoe
31:
2225:
407:and ISO hotshoe adapters
2066:Digital image processing
248:Smart Accessory Terminal
229:Auto-lock Accessory Shoe
215:switched to use a 4-pin
64:Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D
2174:Photography periodicals
1734:Photography and the law
2086:Gelatin silver process
1110:Science of photography
1095:Photographic processes
1073:Perspective distortion
78:
67:
47:
1539:Schlieren photography
1083:Photographic printing
1006:Exposure compensation
457:satellite positioning
242:(IAS). Some of their
236:Active Interface Shoe
131:flash synchronization
96:flash synchronization
73:
53:
42:
1328:Straight photography
966:Chromatic aberration
252:Multi Interface Shoe
2200:photographic plates
1875:Digital photography
1058:Hyperfocal distance
971:Circle of confusion
426:such low voltages.
405:flash sync terminal
1694:Autochrome Lumière
1689:Analog photography
1514:Pigeon photography
1308:Social documentary
787:discontinued films
384:galvanic isolation
305:possibly contains
280:Mini Advanced Shoe
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2046:Collodion process
1982:Chromogenic print
1969:Color photography
1479:Multiple exposure
1454:Lo-fi photography
986:Color temperature
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307:original research
16:(Redirected from
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2106:Print permanence
2051:Cross processing
2009:CMYK color model
1994:Color management
1947:Foveon X3 sensor
1942:Three-CCD camera
1586:Miniature faking
1544:Sabattier effect
1161:Astrophotography
1016:Zebra patterning
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603:. Archived from
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151:Measured on a
148:ISO 518:2006.
139:red-eye effect
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103:accessory shoe
75:Minolta SRT101
44:Canon EOS 350D
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1855:United States
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1714:Daguerreotype
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1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Stopping down
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Rephotography
1522:
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1517:
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1477:
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1467:
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1462:
1460:
1459:Long-exposure
1457:
1455:
1452:
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1156:Architectural
1154:
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1144:
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1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Shutter speed
1113:
1111:
1108:
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1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
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1069:
1068:Metering mode
1066:
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1024:
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1007:
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987:
984:
982:
981:Color balance
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:Angle of view
944:
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936:
932:
926:
923:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
909:
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904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Manufacturers
891:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
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427:
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414:
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406:
402:
398:
393:
392:opto-couplers
389:
385:
380:
378:
372:
370:
366:
362:
359:
354:
344:
341:
333:
330:November 2016
323:
319:
315:
309:
308:
303:This section
301:
292:
291:
285:
283:
281:
276:
274:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
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230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
198:
196:
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184:
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174:
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166:
158:
156:
154:
149:
147:
142:
140:
134:
132:
123:
121:
119:
114:
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108:
104:
99:
97:
92:
88:
84:
76:
72:
65:
61:
57:
52:
45:
41:
35:
30:
19:
2268:Flash mounts
2212:Polaroid art
2101:K-14 process
2096:Instant film
2091:Gum printing
2041:C-41 process
2026:Photographic
1927:Image sensor
1922:Film scanner
1576:Sun printing
1509:Print toning
1301:space selfie
1271:Pictorialism
1201:Ethnographic
1181:Conservation
1053:Guide number
1048:Focal length
818:
609:. Retrieved
605:the original
595:
581:
564:
550:
536:
524:. Retrieved
514:
502:. Retrieved
492:
480:. Retrieved
471:
453:Olympus XZ-1
444:
442:
428:
424:
420:PocketWizard
417:
388:transformers
381:
373:
369:PC terminals
365:iISO hotshoe
363:
355:
351:
336:
327:
304:
277:
233:
210:
199:
181:
177:rangefinders
169:light meters
162:
150:
143:
135:
127:
115:
106:
102:
100:
89:to attach a
82:
80:
29:
2217:Stereoscopy
2076:E-6 process
2071:Dye coupler
1999:color space
1912:Digiscoping
1905:camera back
1820:Philippines
1749:Visual arts
1739:Glass plate
1724:Heliography
1623:Composition
1598:Ultraviolet
1554:Stereoscopy
1549:Slow motion
1534:Scanography
1449:Kite aerial
1394:Contre-jour
1286:Post-mortem
1276:Pornography
1256:Neues Sehen
1191:Documentary
1125:Zone System
1100:Reciprocity
1026:Film format
956:Backscatter
934:Terminology
804:beauty dish
708:rangefinder
673:light-field
654:Photography
173:viewfinders
167:, external
153:Nikon D3400
141:reduction.
2207:Lomography
2028:processing
1977:Print film
1893:comparison
1860:Uzbekistan
1810:Luxembourg
1770:Bangladesh
1719:Dufaycolor
1699:Box camera
1656:Simplicity
1613:Zoom burst
1608:Xerography
1603:Vignetting
1593:Time-lapse
1581:Tilt–shift
1474:Mordançage
1464:Luminogram
1429:Holography
1424:High-speed
1404:Fill flash
1389:Burst mode
1367:Techniques
1348:Vernacular
1343:Underwater
1338:Toy camera
1318:Still life
1246:Monochrome
1236:High-speed
1186:Cloudscape
1176:Conceptual
1078:Photograph
1063:Lens flare
1043:Film speed
925:Zone plate
871:wide-angle
856:long-focus
463:References
449:microphone
445:cold shoes
314:improve it
264:Cyber-shot
225:Sony Alpha
171:, special
91:flash unit
58:and older
2152:Norwegian
2116:Stop bath
2061:Developer
2056:Cyanotype
1684:Ambrotype
1646:Lead room
1569:Slit-scan
1504:Photogram
1499:Panoramic
1409:Fireworks
1241:Landscape
886:telephoto
834:reflector
829:monolight
824:lens hood
809:cucoloris
750:safelight
661:Equipment
601:"Olympus"
358:ISO 10330
318:verifying
107:cold shoe
62:cameras (
2262:Category
2236:Category
1932:CMOS APS
1830:Slovenia
1758:Regional
1704:Calotype
1641:Headroom
1519:Redscale
1434:Infrared
1384:Brenizer
1358:Wildlife
1281:Portrait
1226:Forensic
1216:Fine-art
1151:Aircraft
1141:Abstract
1021:F-number
1001:Exposure
976:Clipping
951:Aperture
819:hot shoe
745:enlarger
740:Darkroom
526:2 August
504:2 August
413:FA-HS1AM
409:FA-ST1AM
401:8825-691
286:Voltages
256:Handycam
211:In 1988
83:hot shoe
46:Hot shoe
2247:Outline
2183:Related
1865:Vietnam
1850:Ukraine
1785:Denmark
1765:Albania
1744:Tintype
1671:History
1636:Framing
1529:Rollout
1494:Panning
1444:Kirlian
1353:Wedding
1231:Glamour
1211:Fashion
1196:Eclipse
1166:Banquet
1088:Albumen
898:Monopod
876:fisheye
844:softbox
698:pinhole
688:instant
678:digital
397:PCT-100
312:Please
273:ADP-MAA
269:ADP-AMA
213:Minolta
191:Olympus
56:Minolta
2245:
2234:
2162:street
2157:Polish
1845:Turkey
1840:Taiwan
1825:Serbia
1815:Norway
1790:Greece
1775:Canada
1374:Afocal
1333:Street
1313:Sports
1296:Selfie
1251:Nature
1206:Erotic
1171:Candid
1146:Aerial
1134:Genres
1036:medium
913:Tripod
881:swivel
794:Filter
772:holder
767:format
668:Camera
611:2 June
482:5 June
202:Cactus
195:Pentax
193:, and
124:Design
105:" or "
87:camera
2167:women
2125:Lists
2081:Fixer
1959:Pixel
1888:D-SLR
1835:Sudan
1805:Korea
1800:Japan
1795:India
1780:China
1564:Strip
1489:Night
1469:Macro
1379:Bokeh
1323:Stock
1291:Ruins
1031:large
861:prime
839:snoot
799:Flash
777:stock
718:still
703:press
693:phone
683:field
573:(PDF)
377:TRIAC
260:NXCAM
187:Nikon
183:Canon
175:, or
165:cable
111:cable
2195:film
1900:MILC
1399:ETTR
1261:Nude
1221:Fire
1120:Sync
918:head
866:zoom
851:Lens
814:gobo
762:base
757:Film
733:view
613:2015
528:2011
506:2011
484:2019
411:and
356:The
271:and
262:and
223:and
60:Sony
1937:CCD
728:toy
723:TLR
713:SLR
390:or
316:by
244:NEX
2264::
258:,
189:,
185:,
113:.
98:.
81:A
646:e
639:t
632:v
615:.
589:.
575:.
558:.
544:.
530:.
508:.
486:.
399:(
343:)
337:(
332:)
328:(
310:.
66:)
36:.
20:)
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