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The Acción
Comunal had not planned for what would happen after a successful coup, dividing the movement. The movement ended up trapped between the Panamanian oligarchy and the U.S. government, who each imposed conditions and candidates. In Alfaro's government, only two or three members of the
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movement were in the cabinet, diluting the nationalist character. In the elections of 1932, Arias assumed the presidency, dividing the group beyond repair. Some members joined
Harmodio Arias, some went with Goytía, and others remained independent, ending the movement.
216:, who joined the movement in 1930. The coup was aborted by Goytía, who feared U.S. intervention, but Arnulfo Arias kept fighting. The coup resulted in eight deaths and the end of Arosemena's leadership. After the coup,
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On
January 2, 1931, the movement conducted a coup that involved taking arms, controlling communications, taking the barracks, and assaulting the Presidency. The assault on the Presidency was commanded by
186:, negotiations were held for a new treaty (the Kellogg-Alfaro Treaty). Acción Comunal saw the treaty as disadvantageous for Panama, and they expressed their anger which spread into the general public.
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152:, and not buying in establishments that lacked Panamanian workers or whose signs were in English. The movement promoted state intervention in the economy, and the replacement of the
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to be the cause of U.S. dominance in Panama. When
Arosemena assumed the presidency in 1928, the movement called him a puppet of Chiari, who was considered a "dictator."
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While the U.S. did not intervene militarily, AC pressured for the restoration of constitutional order, resulting in
Harmodio Arias transferring power to the envoy in
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The movement focused on the education of
Panamanian children in the love of their country, the correct use of the Spanish language, demanding payments in
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Acción
Comunal was founded on August 19, 1923, by Ramón Mora, Víctor Florencio Goytía, José Pezet, José Manuel Quiros, Alberto Guardia Jaén,
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finished
Arosemena's presidential term. The coup affected the relationship between the two countries for years to come.
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Latin
American Politics and Development Christine J. Wade, Howard J. Wiarda Routledge Press, 2018
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and
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Post-invasion Panama: The Challenges of Democratization in the New World Order
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List of coups d'état and coup attempts by country § Panama
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With the endorsement of the Supreme Court of Justice,
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during the 1920s and 1930s. It was responsible for a
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305:Panama and the United States: The Forced Alliance
156:in order to retain Panamanian sovereignty in the
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308:. University of Georgia Press. p. 89.
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
362:Anti-American sentiment in North America
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