765:
110:. Būga attempted to write down everything that was known to science about each word, including etymology and history. He was critical of his own efforts realizing that the dictionary was not comprehensive or consistent, and considered the publication to be only a "draft" of a better dictionary in the future.
20:
125:
to continue the work on the dictionary in 1930, realized that more data is needed and organized a campaign to collect additional words from literary works as well as the spoken language. The focus was on older texts, mostly ignoring contemporary literature and periodicals. Balčikonis asked
Lithuanian
195:
The dictionary was written based on words collected and written down on index cards. The main card index contains 4.5 million cards. The supplemental index contains 0.5 million cards with words that were collected after the corresponding volume of the dictionary was printed. These cards were
134:, etymological and historical notes. The words were now explained only in Lithuanian. Būga used to leave the explanation in the language that it was originally recorded; therefore the words could be explained in German, Russian, Polish or even Latin.
72:
until 2001 and recorded from the vernacular. Definitions, usage notes, and examples are given for most words. The entry length varies from one sentence to almost a hundred pages. For example, 46 pages are devoted to 298 different meanings of
153:
reality." Balčikonis was removed as the chief editor. It took nine years to revise the dictionary and publish the 3rd volume in 1956. This and subsequent volumes feature numerous quotes from the
Lithuanian translations of the works of
621:
245:, teachers, even students to submit cards with new words, particularly from the living dialects of the village. The card index was further expanded by words from old Lithuanian texts (e.g. bibles of
94:
started collecting material for a dictionary in 1902. When he returned from Russia to
Lithuania in 1920, he started writing a dictionary that would contain all known Lithuanian words as well as
138:
126:
public (teachers, students, etc.) to record words from the spoken language. Thus, the dictionary was substantially revised and reworked. The revised dictionary excluded
184:
141:. The second volume (letters C through F) was published in 1947. These two volumes were attacked by the communists as the words and sample sentences reflected "
593:
301:). The index grew rapidly; for example, 78,774 cards were collected in 1933 and 97,930 cards in 1940. Over a decade, the index grew by about 1 million cards.
183:, Soviet and communist examples were discarded. Examples were added from religious texts and from texts by Lithuanian linguists who retreated west from the
795:
311:
The cards were provided by numerous people of different educational background. Some of the prominent figures who contributed to the card index include
196:
collected from a great variety of sources – almost 1,000 written sources (both unpublished and published) and more than 500 Lithuanian settlements.
399:
434:
636:
308:. From 1963, editors of the dictionary organized expeditions to different regions of Lithuania to collect words from the spoken language.
61:
187:
in 1944. The final volume of the dictionary was published in 2002. In total, the dictionary was written by 69 and edited by 23 linguists.
170:
and other
Lithuanian communist texts. The first two volumes were also revised and republished based on these new standards in 1968–1969.
235:), as well as from the spoken language of the people. Būga's card index grew from about 150,000 cards in 1920 to 600,000 cards in 1923.
122:
323:
69:
785:
800:
330:, and many others. A list of more than 500 contributors who provided 100 or more words was published in the last 20th volume.
246:
241:
realized that the index was not comprehensive and organized a wide effort to collect more words. He encouraged members of the
790:
515:
68:, or 500,000 if counting sub-headwords, reflecting modern and historical language both from published texts since the
805:
282:
203:
decided to record words not in notebooks but on index cards. The first words were written down from the works of
562:
394:
312:
224:
146:
131:
686:
374:
60:
works in the world. The 20 volumes encompassing 22,000 pages were published between 1941 and 2002 by the
254:
216:
298:
220:
304:
After World War II, the card index was expanded by adding Soviet and communist terminology as well as
342:
238:
118:
361:
348:
270:
103:
53:
35:
305:
262:
208:
327:
286:
250:
200:
91:
379:
701:
667:
632:
574:
529:
489:
204:
294:
232:
228:
319:
180:
429:
764:
622:"The Dictionary of Lithuanian (LKŽ) and its Future in Databases and Electronic Versions"
266:
242:
150:
779:
315:
290:
258:
278:
366:
353:
64:. An online and a CD version was made available in 2005. It contains about 236,000
57:
137:
The first volume covering letters A and B was published in 1941, i.e. during the
175:
142:
127:
88:
537:
114:
705:
671:
578:
533:
493:
475:
95:
85:
49:
653:
476:"Lietuvių kalbos žodynas. XV tomas: Šliup-Telžti, Vilnius, "Mokslas," 1991"
728:
658:
520:
480:
438:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. 4 March 2020 .
274:
99:
65:
212:
770:
167:
163:
654:"Some Comments on New Volumes of the Lithuanian Academy Dictionary"
102:, and surnames. However, he died in 1924 having published only two
700:(306). Translated by Sabromienė, Danutė; Naktinienė, Gertrūda: 2.
155:
18:
371:(Vols. 6–10 in 1962–1976, and republished Vols. 1–2 in 1968–1969)
159:
452:
106:
with a lengthy introduction and the dictionary up to the word
19:
516:"Kazimieras Buga and the Academic Dictionary of Lithuania"
231:), collections of other linguists (e.g. 10,000 words from
729:"Skaitmeninė Lietuvių kalbos žodyno pagrindinė kartoteka"
620:
Zabarskaitė, Elena
Jolanta; Naktinienė, Gertrūda (2010).
358:(Vols. 3–5 in 1956–1959, and Vols. 11–16 in 1978–1995)
215:. He continued to collect further words from works of
758:
629:
455:(in Lithuanian). Institute of the Lithuanian Language
735:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 2015
627:. In Dykstra, Anne; Schoonheim, Tanneke (eds.).
43:
293:), collections of Lithuanian folklore (e.g. by
145:clerical phraseology" and not the "Lithuanian
8:
733:Lietuvių kalbos išteklių informacinė sistema
687:"Didžiajam "Lietuvių kalbos žodynui" išėjus"
563:"Kazimieras Būga ir lietuvių leksikografija"
763:
338:The chief editors of the dictionary were:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
509:
507:
505:
503:
447:
445:
265:), Lithuanian literature (e.g. works by
253:), old Lithuanian dictionaries (e.g. by
211:as well as words collected by Būga near
685:Toporov, Vladimir (23 September 2004).
652:Schmalstieg, William R. (Spring 1996).
615:
613:
611:
556:
554:
410:
400:List of dictionaries by number of words
199:The card index dates back to 1902 when
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
16:Dictionary of the Lithuanian language
7:
631:. Fryske Akademy. pp. 780–781.
62:Institute of the Lithuanian Language
592:Barzdukas, Stasys (December 1948).
796:History of the Lithuanian language
45:Akademinis lietuvių kalbos žodynas
14:
771:Online database of the card index
32:Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian
25:Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian
435:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
181:Lithuania's independence in 1990
561:Sabaliauskas, Algirdas (1997).
514:Klimas, Antanas (Winter 1981).
474:Klimas, Antanas (Spring 1994).
40:Didysis lietuvių kalbos žodynas
324:Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius
77:(to fix) and its derivatives.
56:and one of the most extensive
1:
567:Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai
113:Būga collected about 600,000
70:first published book in 1547
430:""Lietuvių kalbos žodynas""
384:(Vols. 17–20 in 1996–2002).
822:
139:occupation by Nazi Germany
121:, who was selected by the
247:Samuel Bogusław Chyliński
345:(Vols. 1–2 in 1930–1950)
786:Lithuanian dictionaries
395:Lithuanian dictionaries
313:Presidents of Lithuania
283:Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
225:Lithuanian dictionaries
801:1941 non-fiction books
149:press and the present
44:
39:
27:
255:Konstantinas Sirvydas
217:Lithuanian literature
123:Ministry of Education
48:) is a comprehensive
22:
227:(e.g. dictionary of
185:approaching Red Army
130:, infrequently used
791:Online dictionaries
375:Vytautas Vitkauskas
306:international words
271:Antanas Baranauskas
207:and collections of
54:Lithuanian language
326:, ophthalmologist
299:Jonas Basanavičius
263:Friedrich Kurschat
221:Motiejus Valančius
209:Kazimieras Jaunius
28:
23:20 volumes of the
806:1941 in Lithuania
696:(in Lithuanian).
638:978-90-6273-840-3
600:(in Lithuanian).
594:"Kazimieras Būga"
569:(in Lithuanian).
343:Juozas Balčikonis
239:Juozas Balčikonis
205:Simonas Daukantas
119:Juozas Balčikonis
813:
767:
762:
761:
759:Official website
745:
744:
742:
740:
725:
710:
709:
691:
682:
676:
675:
649:
643:
642:
626:
617:
606:
605:
589:
583:
582:
558:
549:
548:
546:
545:
536:. Archived from
511:
498:
497:
471:
465:
464:
462:
460:
449:
440:
439:
426:
383:
370:
357:
233:Jonas Jablonskis
151:Soviet Socialist
117:with words, but
47:
821:
820:
816:
815:
814:
812:
811:
810:
776:
775:
757:
756:
753:
748:
738:
736:
727:
726:
713:
689:
684:
683:
679:
651:
650:
646:
639:
624:
619:
618:
609:
591:
590:
586:
560:
559:
552:
543:
541:
513:
512:
501:
473:
472:
468:
458:
456:
451:
450:
443:
428:
427:
412:
408:
391:
377:
364:
351:
336:
328:Petras Avižonis
320:Antanas Smetona
251:Jonas Bretkūnas
219:(e.g. works by
201:Kazimieras Būga
193:
92:Kazimieras Būga
83:
58:lexicographical
17:
12:
11:
5:
819:
817:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
778:
777:
774:
773:
768:
752:
751:External links
749:
747:
746:
711:
694:Mokslo Lietuva
677:
644:
637:
607:
584:
550:
499:
466:
441:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
397:
390:
387:
386:
385:
372:
359:
346:
335:
332:
267:Vincas Kudirka
243:intelligentsia
192:
189:
82:
79:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
772:
769:
766:
760:
755:
754:
750:
734:
730:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
681:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
648:
645:
640:
634:
630:
623:
616:
614:
612:
608:
603:
599:
595:
588:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
555:
551:
540:on 2020-07-28
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
517:
510:
508:
506:
504:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:
477:
470:
467:
454:
448:
446:
442:
437:
436:
431:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
411:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
388:
381:
376:
373:
368:
363:
362:Jonas Kruopas
360:
355:
350:
349:Kazys Ulvydas
347:
344:
341:
340:
339:
334:Chief editors
333:
331:
329:
325:
322:, archbishop
321:
317:
316:Kazys Grinius
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
296:
295:Antanas Juška
292:
291:Petras Cvirka
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Philipp Ruhig
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
234:
230:
229:Antanas Juška
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
177:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
147:revolutionary
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
80:
78:
76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
737:. Retrieved
732:
697:
693:
680:
663:
657:
647:
628:
601:
597:
587:
570:
566:
542:. Retrieved
538:the original
525:
519:
485:
479:
469:
457:. Retrieved
433:
337:
310:
303:
287:Vincas Krėvė
237:
198:
194:
174:
172:
136:
128:proper nouns
112:
107:
84:
74:
31:
29:
24:
453:"Apie LKŽe"
378: [
365: [
352: [
176:Perestroika
143:reactionary
115:index cards
89:philologist
780:Categories
739:2 February
604:: 512–515.
544:2021-02-04
459:3 February
406:References
132:barbarisms
104:fascicules
86:Lithuanian
36:Lithuanian
706:1392-7191
672:0024-5089
579:0130-0172
534:0024-5089
494:0024-5089
173:With the
96:hydronyms
66:headwords
50:thesaurus
659:Lituanus
521:Lituanus
481:Lituanus
389:See also
275:Maironis
100:toponyms
279:Žemaitė
213:Dusetos
191:Sources
81:History
75:taisyti
52:of the
704:
670:
666:(42).
635:
577:
571:XXXVII
532:
528:(27).
492:
488:(40).
168:Stalin
164:Engels
690:(PDF)
625:(PDF)
598:Aidai
573:: 3.
382:]
369:]
356:]
156:Lenin
741:2021
702:ISSN
668:ISSN
633:ISBN
575:ISSN
530:ISSN
490:ISSN
461:2021
318:and
297:and
249:and
179:and
160:Marx
108:anga
30:The
223:),
42:or
782::
731:.
714:^
698:16
692:.
662:.
656:.
610:^
602:21
596:.
565:.
553:^
524:.
518:.
502:^
484:.
478:.
444:^
432:.
413:^
380:lt
367:lt
354:lt
289:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
269:,
261:,
257:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
98:,
38::
743:.
708:.
674:.
664:1
641:.
581:.
547:.
526:4
496:.
486:1
463:.
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
