2527:
496:
clearly before reporting or using the results. ARWU has been criticised by the
European Commission as well as some EU member states for "favour Anglo-Saxon higher education institutions". For instance, ARWU is repeatedly criticised in France, where it triggers an annual controversy, focusing on its ill-adapted character to the French academic system and the unreasonable weight given to research often performed decades ago. It is also criticised in France for its use as a motivation for merging universities into larger ones.
215:
2501:
1964:
31:
1349:
ARWU presents a further data issue. Whereas in the case of the other rankings the results are adjusted to take account of the size of institutions, hardly any such adjustment is made by ARWU. So there is a distortion in favour of large institutions. If two institutions were to merge, the very fact of
1047:
France's higher education minister travelled to
Jiaotong University's suburban campus last month to discuss the rankings, the Norwegian education minister came last year and the Danish minister is due to visit next month.; The idea for the rankings was born in 1998, when Beijing decreed China needed
495:
The ARWU researchers themselves, N.C. Liu and Y. Cheng, think that the quality of universities cannot be precisely measured by mere numbers and any ranking must be controversial. They suggest that university and college rankings should be used with caution and their methodologies must be understood
1577:
It is a remarkably stable list, relying on long-term factors such as the number of Nobel Prize-winners a university has produced, and number of articles published in Nature and
Science journals. But with this narrow focus comes drawbacks. China's priority was for its universities to 'catch up' on
499:
Indeed, a further criticism has been that the metrics used are not independent of university size, e.g. number of publications or award winners will mechanically add as universities are grouped, independently of research (or teaching) quality; thus a merger between two equally-ranked institutions
487:
found that the results from the
Shanghai rankings could not be reproduced from raw data using the method described by Liu and Cheng. A 2013 paper in the same journal finally showed how the Shanghai ranking results could be reproduced. In a report from April 2009, J-C. Billaut, D. Bouyssou and Ph.
249:
Since 2009, ARWU has been published and copyrighted annually by
Shanghai Ranking Consultancy, an organization focusing on higher education that is not legally subordinated to any universities or government agencies. In 2011, a board of international advisory consisting of scholars and policy
464:
Chancellor Chris Patten has said "the methodology looks fairly solid ... it looks like a pretty good stab at a fair comparison." While ARWU has originated in China, the ranking have been praised for being unbiased towards Asian institutions, especially
508:
There are two categories in ARWU's disciplinary rankings: broad subject fields and specific subjects. The methodology is similar to that adopted in the overall table, including award factors, paper citation, and the number of highly cited scholars.
910:
492:(MCDM). Their main conclusions are that the criteria used are not relevant; that the aggregation methodology has a number of major problems; and that insufficient attention has been paid to fundamental choices of criteria.
708:
Considering the development of specific areas, two independent regional league tables with different methodologies were launched – Ranking of Top
Universities in Greater China and Best Chinese Universities Ranking.
273:. It has received positive feedback for its objectivity and methodology, but draws wide criticism as it fails to adjust for the size of the institution, and thus larger institutions tend to rank above smaller ones.
250:
researchers was established to provide suggestions. The publication currently includes global league tables for institutions as a whole and for a selection of individual subjects, alongside independent regional
1186:
There are currently three major international rankings that receive widespread commentary: The
Academic World Ranking of Universities, the QS World University Rankings and the Times Higher Education Rankings.
1223:
The major international rankings have appeared in recent months — the
Academic Ranking of World Universities, the QS World University Rankings, and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE).
447:
EU Research
Headlines reported the ARWU's work on 31 December 2003: "The universities were carefully evaluated using several indicators of research performance." A survey on higher education published by
2232:
460:
called ARWU "the best-known and most influential global ranking of universities" and Philip G. Altbach named ARWU's 'consistency, clarity of purpose, and transparency' as significant strengths.
2227:
2262:
2399:
2146:
1992:
2458:
1578:
hard scientific research. So if you're looking for raw research power, it's the list for you. If you're a humanities student, or more interested in teaching quality? Not so much.
2443:
2184:
1925:
1561:
1267:
1333:
2471:
873:
1350:
merger would mean that the merged institution would do nearly twice as well as either of the individual institutions prior to merger, although nothing else had changed.
2252:
2027:
269:
1823:
1299:
2438:
2288:
1591:
2115:
1173:
2448:
2411:
2298:
1985:
2257:
1431:
It is no accident that the most widely used annual ranking of the world's research universities, the
Shanghai index, is produced by a Chinese university.
1087:
1872:
976:
2293:
2267:
2547:
2505:
2433:
2389:
2177:
1388:
1535:
2562:
2355:
2017:
1978:
2079:
2453:
2423:
2319:
2212:
2365:
2170:
2089:
489:
1362:
712:
Best Chinese Universities Ranking was first released in 2015. Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China was first released in 2011.
2372:
2331:
2326:
477:
The ranking has been criticised for "relying too much on award factors" thus undermining the importance of quality of instruction and
1473:
1202:
2350:
2314:
1512:
456:
432:
Not applicable to institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences whose N&S scores are relocated to other indicators.
1929:
1146:
2428:
2416:
2394:
2377:
2360:
2345:
2272:
2222:
2193:
2074:
1034:
239:
1647:
Răzvan V. Florian (17 June 2007). "Irreproducibility of the results of the Shanghai academic ranking of world universities".
1155:
Those two, as well as Shanghai Jiao Tong University, produce the most influential international university rankings out there
161:
1116:
1005:
2247:
2084:
2001:
1060:
466:
243:
147:
73:
2517:
1307:
2557:
2237:
2094:
1682:
Domingo Docampo (1 July 2012). "Reproducibility of the results of the Shanghai academic ranking of world universities".
1022:
Since 2009 the Academic Ranking of World Universities has been published and copyrighted by ShanghaiRanking Consultancy.
500:
will significantly increase the merged institutions' score and give it a higher ranking, without any change in quality.
263:
2552:
2141:
1606:
1502:
1238:
2043:
1460:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, which produces the best-known and most influential global ranking of universities...
30:
1965:'The Changing Dynamics of PhDs and the Future of Higher Educational Development in Asia and the Rest of the World'
2404:
2242:
483:
454:
in 2005 commented ARWU as "the most widely used annual ranking of the world's research universities." In 2010,
1876:
1414:
1095:
2069:
214:
1181:
2485:
2382:
1730:
261:
ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university rankings, alongside
1392:
2465:
2120:
1443:
461:
1735:
2217:
1773:
2478:
1967:
Department of Education – The United States of America: Educational Resources Information Center,
1748:
1699:
1664:
1490:
Nonetheless, AWRU's consistency, clarity of purpose, and transparency are significant advantages.
993:
The first international rankings, the Academic Ranking of World Universities or Shanghai Rankings
111:
2022:
1623:
1508:
1275:
1740:
1691:
1656:
1366:
956:
741:
184:
115:
41:
2099:
2064:
1477:
1210:
364:
1850:
2125:
2059:
1898:
961:
944:
2541:
1824:"Universités : pourquoi le classement de Shanghaï n'est pas un exercice sérieux"
902:
450:
246:
in 2003, making it the first global university ranking with multifarious indicators.
1718:
2531:
1668:
396:
Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index
322:
318:
191:
2337:
1752:
1703:
1970:
1124:
1009:
1064:
1744:
1717:
Jean-Charles Billaut, Denis Bouyssou & Philippe Vincke (2 November 2010).
1695:
1660:
1088:"The history and development of higher education ranking systems – QS WOWNEWS"
478:
2162:
1279:
1774:""Shanghai Academic Ranking: a French Controversy" by Marc Goetzmann, for
1300:""Shanghai Academic Ranking: a French Controversy" by Marc Goetzmann, for
488:
Vincke analyse how the ARWU works, using their insights as specialists of
1418:
1562:"University rankings: which world university rankings should we trust?"
1268:"University rankings: which world university rankings should we trust?"
977:"World university rankings: how much influence do they really have?"
1956:
1800:
213:
126:
101:
1504:
Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses
906:
2233:
Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities
2166:
1974:
898:
767:
1444:"International Group Announces Audit of University Rankings"
350:
Official websites of Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists
333:
Official websites of Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists
2263:
U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking
2228:
Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities
1117:"About Academic Ranking of World Universities | About ARWU"
218:
Academic Ranking of World Universities, 2003–2018, Top ten
1851:"Aix-Marseille, laboratoire de la fusion des universités"
242:. The league table was originally compiled and issued by
1801:"EUobserver / EU to test new university ranking in 2010"
1147:"New world university ranking puts Harvard back on top"
355:
Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories
1536:"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2013 released"
1306:. Lajeunepolitique.com. 29 August 2013. Archived from
2515:
1334:"International university rankings: For good or ill?"
945:"Global university rankings – a comparative analysis"
196:
2400:
Going broke universities – Disappearing universities
1928:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2014. Archived from
1899:"2022 中国最好大学排名 (Best Chinese Universities Rankings)"
1875:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2020. Archived from
1592:"Business School Prestige: Research versus Teaching"
1365:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2014. Archived from
1063:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2014. Archived from
1008:. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2014. Archived from
2307:
2281:
2200:
2134:
2108:
2052:
2036:
2010:
1391:. European Research Headlines. 2003. Archived from
907:
Thomson Reuters' survey of highly cited researchers
831:
Percentage of academic staff with a doctoral degree
190:
183:
178:
160:
146:
137:
121:
107:
97:
79:
55:
47:
37:
1389:"Chinese study ranks world's top 500 universities"
410:Per capita academic performance of an institution
1417:. The Economics. 8 September 2005. Archived from
922:Order shown in accordance with the latest result.
874:List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation
2253:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
1507:. United Nations Educational. 2013. p. 26.
1035:"Shanghai rankings rattle European universities"
778:Alumni as Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists
270:Times Higher Education World University Rankings
1339:. Higher Education Policy Institute. p. 16
341:Staff as Nobel Laureates & Fields Medalists
1006:"About Academic Ranking of World Universities"
2178:
1986:
1719:"Should you believe in the Shanghai ranking?"
839:Staff as Nobel Laureates and Fields Medalists
238:, is one of the annual publications of world
166:
152:
8:
19:
2449:Center for Measuring University Performance
1873:"Global Rankings of Academic Subjects 2020"
1239:"Strength and weakness of varsity rankings"
2258:University Ranking by Academic Performance
2185:
2171:
2163:
1993:
1979:
1971:
1590:J. Scott Armstrong and Tad Sperry (1994).
175:
29:
18:
2268:Webometrics Ranking of World Universities
1734:
960:
1174:"Top schools don't always get top marks"
1172:Indira Samarasekera & Carl Amrhein.
1167:
1165:
1163:
897:Official datum sources adopted by ARWU:
719:
481:. A 2007 paper published in the journal
290:
2522:
1472:Philip G. Altbach (11 September 2010).
1327:
1325:
935:
885:
425:
2208:Academic Ranking of World Universities
2152:Academic Ranking of World Universities
1853:(in French). www.monde-diplomatique.fr
1780:. Lajeunepolitique.com. 29 August 2013
1332:Bahram Bekhradnia (15 December 2016).
1201:Philip G. Altbach (11 November 2010).
1037:. ABS-CBN Interactive. 8 December 2010
893:
891:
889:
721:Methodology of Greater China Rankings
225:Academic Ranking of World Universities
138:Academic Ranking of World Universities
134:
22:Academic Ranking of World Universities
2273:World's Universities with Real Impact
1926:"Greater China Ranking – Methodology"
1920:
1918:
1849:Gérand, Christelle (September 2016).
1261:
1259:
1233:
1231:
1196:
1194:
606:Transportation science and technology
573:Environmental science and engineering
567:Electrical and electronic engineering
367:' survey of highly cited researchers
7:
2454:Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index
2320:Excellence in Research for Australia
2213:Center for World University Rankings
1086:Network, QS Asia News (2018-03-02).
646:Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences
1799:Spongenberg, Helena (5 June 2014).
1061:"ARWU International Advisory Board"
1048:several world-leading universities.
759:Ratio of academic staff to students
2080:Shanghai Children's Medical Center
1476:. INSIDE HIGHER ED. Archived from
672:Hospitality and tourism management
579:Instruments science and technology
14:
1448:The Chronicle of Higher Education
585:Materials science and engineering
490:Multiple Criteria Decision Making
457:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2525:
2500:
2499:
2090:Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
751:Percentage of non-local students
564:Computer science and engineering
2548:University and college rankings
1822:Dagorn, Gary (16 August 2016).
911:Thomson Reuters' Web of Science
678:Library and information science
70:: Shanghai Ranking Consultancy
1266:Marszal, Andrew (2012-10-04).
1145:Ariel Zirulnick (2010-09-16).
949:Procedia Economics and Finance
597:Nanoscience and nanotechnology
594:Mining and mineral engineering
570:Energy science and Engineering
197:
167:
153:
1:
2563:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
2248:SCImago Institutions Rankings
2085:Shanghai Mental Health Center
2003:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
962:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00838-2
943:Pavel, Adina-Petruta (2015).
603:Telecommunication engineering
244:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
74:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
2472:U.S. News & World Report
2238:QS World University Rankings
2095:Shanghai Stem Cell Institute
2075:Shanghai Children's Hospital
1903:Shanghai Ranking Consultancy
264:QS World University Rankings
1474:"The State of the Rankings"
1203:"The State of the Rankings"
637:Dentistry and oral sciences
576:Food science and technology
198:Shìjiè Dàxué Xuéshù Páimíng
85:; 21 years ago
61:; 15 years ago
2581:
2194:University ranking systems
2044:C. Y. Tung Maritime Museum
1605:(2): 13–43. Archived from
102:People's Republic of China
2497:
2405:Truly Strong Universities
2223:Global University Ranking
1745:10.1007/s11192-009-0115-x
1696:10.1007/s11192-012-0801-y
1661:10.1007/s11192-007-1712-1
1151:Christian Science Monitor
827:
785:
736:
623:Human biological sciences
591:Metallurgical engineering
423:
390:
371:
337:
208:
174:
142:
28:
16:Global university ranking
2243:Round University Ranking
1599:Energy & Environment
1560:Marszal, Andrew (2015).
1415:"A world of opportunity"
847:Highly cited researchers
582:Marine/ocean engineering
162:Traditional Chinese
2070:Shanghai Chest Hospital
1830:(in French). lemonde.fr
1121:www.shanghairanking.com
657:Business administration
407:Per capita performance
256:Macedonian HEIs Ranking
148:Simplified Chinese
1540:Times Higher Education
812:SCIE & SSCI papers
789:Annual research income
588:Mechanical engineering
552:Biomedical engineering
549:Automation and control
219:
2486:What Will They Learn?
820:International patents
690:Public administration
617:Agricultural sciences
546:Aerospace engineering
314:Quality of education
252:Greater China Ranking
234:), also known as the
217:
2466:The Princeton Review
2121:John Calvin Ferguson
1363:"ARWU – Methodology"
1184:on October 3, 2010.
1178:The Edmonton Journal
558:Chemical engineering
467:Chinese institutions
462:University of Oxford
375:Papers published in
2558:Annual publications
2218:CWTS Leiden Ranking
1879:on 12 November 2021
1624:"1741-7015-5-30.fm"
1480:on 19 December 2014
1213:on 19 December 2014
1067:on 11 February 2015
1012:on 28 February 2021
903:Fields Medalist Web
722:
626:Veterinary sciences
620:Biological sciences
517:Atmospheric science
338:Quality of faculty
293:
240:university rankings
127:shanghairanking.com
25:
2553:2003 introductions
2479:Washington Monthly
1776:La Jeune Politique
1302:La Jeune Politique
899:Nobel Laureate Web
720:
684:Political sciences
640:Medical technology
291:
220:
2513:
2512:
2160:
2159:
1450:. 10 October 2010
1310:on 9 January 2015
865:
864:
742:graduate students
704:Regional rankings
634:Clinical medicine
631:Medical sciences
561:Civil engineering
514:Natural sciences
440:
439:
292:ARWU methodology
212:
211:
204:
203:
185:Standard Mandarin
133:
132:
2570:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2503:
2502:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2004:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1972:
1963:Jambor, Paul Z.
1960:
1959:
1957:Official website
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:. Euobserver.com
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1738:
1729:(1). CCSD: 237.
1714:
1708:
1707:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1209:. Archived from
1207:Inside Higher Ed
1198:
1189:
1188:
1180:. Archived from
1169:
1158:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1123:. Archived from
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1094:. Archived from
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1002:
996:
995:
990:
988:
973:
967:
966:
964:
940:
923:
920:
914:
895:
768:Doctoral degrees
723:
654:Social sciences
433:
430:
372:Research output
323:Fields Medalists
294:
236:Shanghai Ranking
200:
199:
176:
170:
169:
156:
155:
135:
129:
93:
91:
86:
69:
67:
62:
42:Higher education
33:
26:
23:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2493:
2303:
2299:South East Asia
2277:
2196:
2191:
2161:
2156:
2130:
2104:
2100:Xinhua Hospital
2065:Ruijin Hospital
2048:
2032:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1736:10.1.1.333.8378
1716:
1715:
1711:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1422:
1421:on 18 July 2012
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1272:Daily Telegraph
1265:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1216:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
986:
984:
975:
974:
970:
942:
941:
937:
932:
927:
926:
921:
917:
896:
887:
882:
870:
718:
706:
701:
609:Water resources
506:
475:
445:
436:
431:
427:
391:Citation index
365:Thomson Reuters
319:Nobel laureates
289:
284:
279:
277:Global rankings
125:
89:
87:
84:
71:
65:
63:
60:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2439:United Kingdom
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:European Union
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2126:Sheng Xuanhuai
2123:
2118:
2116:List of alumni
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Renji Hospital
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1944:
1943:
1932:on 22 May 2021
1914:
1890:
1864:
1841:
1814:
1791:
1765:
1723:Scientometrics
1709:
1690:(2): 567–587.
1684:Scientometrics
1674:
1649:Scientometrics
1639:
1615:
1612:on 2010-06-20.
1582:
1552:
1527:
1513:
1494:
1464:
1435:
1406:
1380:
1369:on 22 May 2021
1354:
1321:
1291:
1255:
1227:
1190:
1159:
1137:
1108:
1078:
1052:
1026:
997:
968:
934:
933:
931:
928:
925:
924:
915:
884:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
809:
808:
805:
794:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
748:
747:
744:
740:Percentage of
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
717:
714:
705:
702:
700:
699:
698:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
652:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
629:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
614:Life sciences
612:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
600:Remote sensing
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
541:
540:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
523:Earth sciences
521:
518:
511:
505:
502:
484:Scientometrics
474:
471:
444:
441:
438:
437:
435:
434:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
373:
369:
368:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
315:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
194:
188:
187:
181:
180:
179:Transcriptions
172:
171:
164:
158:
157:
150:
144:
143:
140:
139:
131:
130:
123:
119:
118:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
81:
77:
76:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2519:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:United States
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Latin America
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Metro station
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1777:
1769:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1566:The Telegraph
1563:
1556:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1516:
1514:9789230011567
1510:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1395:on 2015-01-09
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1127:on 2021-02-28
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1098:on 2018-08-21
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
994:
982:
978:
972:
969:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
936:
929:
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
892:
890:
886:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
860:
858:Annual budget
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
819:
818:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
749:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
725:
724:
715:
713:
710:
703:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
660:Communication
659:
656:
655:
653:
649:Public health
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:
630:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
613:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
555:Biotechnology
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
542:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
513:
512:
510:
503:
501:
497:
493:
491:
486:
485:
480:
472:
470:
468:
463:
459:
458:
453:
452:
451:The Economist
442:
429:
426:
422:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
313:
312:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:
286:
281:
276:
274:
272:
271:
266:
265:
259:
257:
253:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
226:
216:
207:
195:
193:
189:
186:
182:
177:
173:
165:
163:
159:
151:
149:
145:
141:
136:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
82:
78:
75:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
24:
2504:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2459:
2434:South Africa
2336:
2207:
2151:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1906:. Retrieved
1902:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:the original
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1827:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1775:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1726:
1722:
1712:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1655:(1): 25–32.
1652:
1648:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1618:
1607:the original
1602:
1598:
1585:
1576:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1555:
1544:. Retrieved
1542:. 2013-08-15
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1503:
1497:
1489:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1467:
1459:
1452:. Retrieved
1447:
1438:
1430:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:the original
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:the original
1357:
1348:
1341:. Retrieved
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1301:
1294:
1283:. Retrieved
1271:
1247:. Retrieved
1245:. 2016-09-14
1242:
1222:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1206:
1185:
1182:the original
1177:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1125:the original
1120:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:the original
1091:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1055:
1046:
1039:. Retrieved
1029:
1021:
1016:26 September
1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
1000:
992:
985:. Retrieved
981:The Guardian
980:
971:
952:
948:
938:
918:
801:
797:
711:
707:
543:Engineering
535:Oceanography
507:
498:
494:
482:
476:
455:
449:
446:
428:
380:
376:
268:
262:
260:
255:
251:
248:
235:
230:
229:
224:
223:
221:
192:Hanyu Pinyin
20:
2147:High School
1883:27 December
1857:8 September
1828:Le Monde.fr
716:Methodology
532:Mathematics
287:Methodology
72:2003-2008:
2542:Categories
2356:Wu Shulian
1936:31 January
1908:2022-04-19
1758:30 January
1571:27 January
1546:2016-01-20
1520:30 January
1484:30 January
1454:30 January
1425:30 January
1399:4 February
1373:30 January
1285:2018-03-29
1249:2018-03-29
1243:NST Online
1217:27 January
1131:2018-03-29
1102:2018-03-29
1092:QS WOWNEWS
1071:27 January
1041:27 January
987:27 January
930:References
855:Resources
737:Education
696:Statistics
687:Psychology
681:Management
479:humanities
317:Alumni as
38:Categories
2338:Maclean's
2315:Australia
2053:Hospitals
1834:17 August
1731:CiteSeerX
1280:0307-1235
955:: 54–63.
786:Research
729:Indicator
726:Criterion
693:Sociology
666:Education
663:Economics
529:Geography
520:Chemistry
473:Criticism
443:Reception
306:Weighting
300:Indicator
297:Criterion
56:Publisher
48:Frequency
2506:Category
2424:Pakistan
2308:National
2282:Regional
2028:Medicine
868:See also
828:Faculty
504:Subjects
168:世界大學學術排名
154:世界大学学术排名
108:Language
2378:Germany
2135:Related
2018:Finance
2011:Schools
1669:8239194
1343:10 June
802:Science
770:awarded
732:Weight
669:Finance
643:Nursing
538:Physics
526:Ecology
385:N&S
381:Science
309:Source
282:Overall
122:Website
116:Chinese
112:English
98:Country
88: (
80:Founded
64: (
2518:Portal
2460:Forbes
2429:Russia
2412:Mexico
2373:France
2366:Netbig
2332:Canada
2327:Brazil
2201:Global
2109:People
2037:Campus
1807:9 June
1784:9 June
1753:875330
1751:
1733:
1704:938534
1702:
1667:
1632:9 June
1511:
1314:9 June
1278:
983:. 2013
909:&
804:Papers
800:&
798:Nature
377:Nature
327:Alumni
321:&
51:Annual
2532:China
2395:Japan
2390:India
2346:China
1749:S2CID
1700:S2CID
1665:S2CID
1627:(PDF)
1610:(PDF)
1595:(PDF)
1337:(PDF)
880:Notes
344:Award
2417:ECUM
2361:CUAA
2351:BCUR
1938:2015
1885:2020
1859:2016
1836:2016
1809:2014
1786:2014
1760:2015
1634:2014
1573:2015
1522:2015
1509:ISBN
1486:2015
1456:2015
1427:2015
1401:2015
1375:2015
1345:2017
1316:2014
1276:ISSN
1219:2015
1073:2015
1043:2015
1018:2014
989:2015
850:10%
842:10%
823:10%
815:10%
807:10%
781:10%
773:10%
402:20%
379:and
358:HiCi
303:Code
267:and
254:and
231:ARWU
222:The
114:and
90:2003
83:2003
66:2009
59:2009
2383:CHE
2023:Law
1741:doi
1692:doi
1657:doi
957:doi
861:5%
834:5%
792:5%
762:5%
754:5%
746:5%
675:Law
416:10%
413:PCP
399:PUB
388:20%
361:20%
347:20%
330:10%
2544::
1917:^
1901:.
1826:.
1747:.
1739:.
1727:84
1725:.
1721:.
1698:.
1688:94
1686:.
1663:.
1653:72
1651:.
1603:18
1601:.
1597:.
1575:.
1564:.
1538:.
1488:.
1458:.
1446:.
1429:.
1347:.
1324:^
1274:.
1270:.
1258:^
1241:.
1230:^
1221:.
1205:.
1193:^
1176:.
1162:^
1153:.
1149:.
1119:.
1090:.
1045:.
1020:.
991:.
979:.
953:26
951:.
947:.
905:,
901:,
888:^
469:.
419:–
258:.
2520::
2186:e
2179:t
2172:v
1994:e
1987:t
1980:v
1940:.
1911:.
1887:.
1861:.
1838:.
1811:.
1788:.
1778:"
1762:.
1743::
1706:.
1694::
1671:.
1659::
1636:.
1549:.
1524:.
1403:.
1377:.
1318:.
1304:"
1288:.
1252:.
1134:.
1105:.
1075:.
965:.
959::
913:.
228:(
92:)
68:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
