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165:
874:"Such is our ideal – not another museum, another bleak exhibition gallery, another classical building in which insulated and classified specimens of a culture are displayed for instruction, but an adult play-centre, a workshop where work is a joy, a source of vitality and daring experiment. We may be mocked for our naive idealism, but at least it will not be possible to say that an expiring civilisation perished without a creative protest."
879:
290:. One steps from the street down a mosaic pavement straight into the stalls, which are fitted with tip-ups, upholstered in canary silk. Here and there the walls, in cream and gold, are relieved with exquisitely panelled paintings of seventeenth century figures, while the lower part of the walls are of solid mahogany. Lights branching from old-world vases are dotted about, and high overhead is a huge
240:
1035:. "Mme Virenque recevait, avant-hier, à la villa Soledad. L'après-midi fut charmante tour à tour, la musique et la poésie ravirent les amis de la gracieuse hôtesse. Le virtuose Eric Hakim joua une Fugue de Bach, et des airs anciens; admirablement accompagné par sa mère, Mme Hakim, ce jeune artiste obtint l'éclatant succès auquel il est habitué." Guests included Henri-Louis Chapon, the
415:
the fortunate position of being able to hold the pistol at the head of the exhibitor because, not only is there a shortage of silent films, but also the exhibitor, having spent large sums of money in talking equipment, is forced to show talking films, which leaves the renter in the position of being able to dictate terms."
754:
and wanted to publish the screenplay. Although there was no script as such (since Godard had just worked from a 'treatment') Godard, through
Hoellering, agreed for £200, and Whitehead reverse-engineered the screenplay by analysing and transcribing the whole film almost frame by frame. Whitehead made
414:
He came to
England, and played as an orchestral violinist in cinemas run by the Davis brothers. Hakim may have modernised the Academy, which he owned by 1929, when he bemoaned the lot of the cinema owner (or exhibitor) during the transition from silent to sound films: "At the moment the renter is in
771:
The cinema re-opened as
Academy One in May 1964, the smaller Academy Two started in March 1965, and Academy Three in April 1967 after some considerable strengthening and rebuilding in the basement. Hoellering died in 1980; the theatres closed permanently on 2 April 1986 and were demolished in 1989.
326:
A special setting has been given to the picture by the erection of the convent and cathedral gates in uralite stone, extending across the entire circle. With its doors, steps, towers, and windows, this grey entrance, 60 feet wide and 45 feet high, looks as though it had been taken bodily from some
297:
The circle — there is only one — is reached by a broad stairway of white and green marble, and there is never a pillar to obstruct the view. But even beyond an outward display science plays its part at the picture house, in that the heating and ventilating arrangements are on the most approved
497:
in
September 1933, but was bankrupt by 1934 with declared liabilities of $ 195,000 and assets of $ 230. He remained legally bankrupt (although he had plenty of money) for at least 11 years with seven further petitions against him, and divorced Vanna after an affair with Norma Irene Zoe
985:
214:
to
Britain and Europe from around 1907. His business partners were Frank C. Bostock, a circus owner; H. C. McGarvie, an experienced showman "who probably had more experience in international expositions than any other living human being"; and McGarvie's business partner
1359:
1051:, half-brother of the ex-King of Naples. "He was the black sheep of his family, was involved in no end of unsavoury scrapes, and in 1878 disgraced himself by his marriage to a woman of the French half-world, who had styled herself "Mlle. Blanche de Mareonnay."
190:, who had a franchise for Hale's Tours with main offices selling films and equipment a few hundred yards away on Wardour Street. The business seems to have been in liquidation by 1906, when the franchise for Hale's Tours was acquired by
558:
for six months in 1929 and successfully put on a highbrow season of recent
Russian and German films. Stuart Davis had already approached Eric Hakim, the owner of the Picture House, but Hakim wanted too big a rent. However,
327:
mediaeval German city. That the popularity of this picture is by no means on the wane has been proved by the vast audiences which have thronged the
Picture House since its opening with "The Miracle".
737:(1949). A film which showed at The Academy after the war could obtain up to 1,000 bookings across the country, although the British commercial film industry had been slow to embrace documentaries.
411:: "The virtuoso Eric Hakim played a fugue by Bach, and other old tunes; admirably accompanied by his mother, Mme Hakim, this young artist obtained the stunning success to which he is accustomed."
2467:
1970:"Along these lines, the collection reprints an admiring essay on Elsie Cohen's ambitious Academy Cinema, as well as polemics about worker's films, art films, and so forth."
152:
until 1998, had a warehouse at 165 Oxford Street in 1884. In
December 1901 a partnership between Henry Clarke of 165 Oxford Street, and three Mander brothers (including Sir
1719:
286:. As most of our readers may be aware, the Picture House is in Oxford Street, at the junction of Poland Street, and exactly opposite to that long neglected playhouse, the
660:. He arrived in Britain with the film (his main possession), his baby and his wife in 1936. He had previously worked as production manager (with Robert Scharfenberg) for
1814:
1524:
301:
The aim is to make this theatre the home of the world's most realistic films, and the start made on Friday with those wonderful pictures of "The
Miracle" straight from
1855:
1546:
890:
could accuse the ICA of being "no more than a jazz club", since it had been organizing a series of historical introductory lectures to jazz; with the involvement of
2410:
953:
Horace
Gilbert & Stephanos Constanduros designed two cinemas operated by Montagu Pyke, the Piccadilly Cinematograph Theatre (later the Cannon Moulin) at 44
3096:
3052:
309:'s beautiful music, which is rendered by an orchestra and a choir both under the guidance of Mr. Sydney Freedom, who was the leader of the orchestra when
3116:
438:
in the US in its premier first-release circuit. Backed by the Rothschilds and with a 70% guarantee from MGM, he produced two more films both directed by
282:
On Friday last the Picture House, Oxford Street, opened its doors for the reproduction of that extremely successful play, "The Miracle", as performed at
510:
Theatres Ltd. circuit, with a contract which allowed them to show their own choice of films. Stuart Davis dedicated the 750-seat Avenue Pavilion at 101
1077:, said "that there was something that painters like Klee did which had never been done before, and this was to paint interior light shining outwards."
1574:
819:. The ICA signalled its new approach to the arts by choosing the basement of the Academy rather than an already sanctified ‘art space’. Organised by
514:
to 'continental' films and started the 'Unusual Film' movement, showing first German and Russian classics, then French avant-garde works by such as
428:
was one of the few original cast to be re-recorded in English. He went on to produce several films, the first two with his Eric Hakim Productions.
3111:
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44:, with the intention of becoming "the home of the world's most realistic films". The Picture House continued to show films throughout the 1920s.
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1200:
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has undoubtedly given the place a good send off. As at Covent Garden, "The Miracle" at the Picture House is portrayed to the accompaniment of
3015:
2159:
684:. The Academy re-opened in 1944 with Hoellering as director, a position he held until his death in 1980. His right-hand man was his stepson
529:
In 1929 Davies's contract with Gaumont expired and, at Davis' suggestion, Gaumont turned the remodelled Avenue Pavilion into London's first
331:
A company named 'The Picture House (Oxford-Street) Limited' was due to be wound up on 17 October 1915. Menchen returned to the USA in 1917.
2457:
In: Association of Art Historians Annual Conference, 10–12 April 2014, Royal College of Art. Middlesex University. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
336:
2474:
403:, and he came to England from France with 'a wealthy relative' (possibly his mother). In 1913, Hakim (aged 13) played at a gathering in
2965:
2896:
194:, and a company named Hales Tours of the World Ltd. was set up in December of that year to take over the running of 165 Oxford Street.
1942:
1759:
3091:
2978:
2937:
2874:
2825:
2804:
2785:
2764:
2734:
2692:
2625:
2110:
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51:, becoming London's pre-eminent art house cinema, and for over 50 years introduced British audiences to major films, beginning with
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1738:
1713:
1080:
306:
255:
699:
Apart from European features and avant-garde or experimental films, the Academy programmed a range of documentary films such as
408:
2964:
Szefkü, András (2013). "An Austro-Hungarian Film Director: George M. Hoellering (1897-1980)". In Karlovitz, János Tibor (ed.).
1806:
2713:
1521:
1422:
1048:
1036:
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In order to encourage students and other film aficionados, a number of seats in the stalls were available at reduced prices.
1064:, made some disparaging remarks about the 24 year-old singer, to which she replied "I must go out, you're a wicked old man."
1628:
287:
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images for the Academy's distinctive posters since the cinema had a policy of not using any existing publicity material.
3035:
2407:
1312:
1220:
174:
30:
688:, who started as the Academy's publicist in 1938 and wrote carefully researched press releases. He worked closely with
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of 1889, and furnished the complex electrical lighting effects for the 'Trip to the Moon' and other cycloramas at
346:
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By 1929 the cinema at 165 Oxford Street had been bought or leased by Eric Hakim (1900–1967). His forebears were
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992:
712:
618:
612:
430:
390:
2450:
2216:
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963:
274:
182:
attraction (often found in fairgrounds etc.), in which a projected film played during a simulated ride in a
40:
1985:
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which had played in US theatres with subtitles with little success. The dubbing was made in England, where
1571:
1112:
The full alphabetical list of around 100 exhibitors (too long to reproduce here) essentially represents a
1061:
848:
634:
468:
272:
opened on Friday 24 January 1913 as a semi-permanent home for the world's first full-colour feature film,
153:
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1374:
954:
302:
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2172:
1835:
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600:
85:
and others in Britain. The Academy's high standards were maintained by a succession of three managers:
672:
by The Film Club; Cohen liked it, and he joined her as director of the Academy cinema in 1937. During
506:
The Davis brothers owned a chain of 'Pavilion' cinemas in London. In April 1927 they sold them to the
294:, beyond the crystal beads of which gleam and glow 500 lamps, bathing the hall in a soft, warm light.
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2534:
1487:
1452:
669:
554:
The Netherlands-born Elsie Cohen, who had worked on Dutch and German film productions, took over the
334:
The Picture House continued to show films through the 1920s: the programme for October 1926 included
2062:
1400:
807:(and other institutions) in informing the British public about contemporary artistic movements, the
2664:
1194:
726:
717:
568:
538:
523:
435:
2153:
1330:
82:
2947:
2887:
Building Materials, Their Nature, Properties and Manufacture: A Text-Book for Students and Others
2332:
958:
919:
511:
493:, a story of a famous violinist and his amorous intrigues; but the deal fell through. He married
453:
320:
995:
during World War 1 in the hope that it would absorb some of the impact of small arms fire. See
3011:
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2864:
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2800:
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2760:
2754:
2730:
2709:
2688:
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1249:
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891:
844:
750:
649:
627:
573:
203:
164:
90:
2815:
2775:
2682:
2659:
2615:
1438:'No. 1, Mount Row, W. and its conversion by Messrs. Gilbert and Constanduros', by R.R.P., in
1029:
2984:
2724:
998:
860:
852:
840:
836:
812:
689:
555:
474:
283:
183:
105:
2905:
2177:
1939:
1754:
2636:
2454:
2414:
2163:
2114:
1946:
1842:
1763:
1742:
1723:
1578:
1528:
1500:
This company's directors may have been Menchen and/or Iles, or perhaps other EAPL members.
1497:
1426:
1407:
1224:
1204:
1074:
984:, p. 393 . Menchen was highly aware of the risk of fire in theatres and cinemas. See
930:
878:
745:
623:
507:
251:
224:
191:
179:
145:
78:
2885:
2836:
2107:
1123:
823:, this groundbreaking exhibition opened on 9 (or 10) February 1948 and included works by
62:
2777:
From Silent Screen to Multi-Screen: A History of Cinema Exhibition in Britain Since 1896
546:
from 1927 to 1933, played a significant part in promoting European and art-house films.
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856:
828:
824:
820:
756:
638:
486:
448:
443:
394:
351:
216:
121:
66:
2245:
1735:
3085:
2167:
1040:
999:
832:
594:
518:. A number of showings were organised by The Film Society, whose supporters included
420:
373:
341:
310:
187:
149:
113:
70:
53:
34:) were shown at the address from at least 1906, and it opened in January 1913 as the
21:
1274:
915:
909:
896:
867:
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704:
673:
479:
359:
228:
220:
109:
101:
74:
1419:
1114:
657:
265:
The premises were remodelled/rebuilt by the architects Gilbert & Constanduros
2703:
1313:"Coney Island for London: American Open-air Amusements to be Exploited in Europe"
418:
In 1931, Hakim directed the dubbing in English of the original German version of
887:
681:
661:
589:
560:
519:
425:
291:
239:
117:
86:
58:
25:
1005:. New Vanguard 189. Illustrated by Henry Morshead. Osprey Publishing. pp.
3003:
2923:
2673:
2289:
2267:
1044:
734:
685:
676:
a bomb badly damaged the Academy in 1940, and in the same year Hoellering was
543:
494:
439:
355:
223:
entertainment business since 1899. He had constructed cycloramas based on the
97:. The cinema was damaged during a bombing raid in 1940 and re-opened in 1944.
94:
3067:
3054:
2898:
Fifty years of the future / A chronicle of the Institute of Contemporary Arts
1217:
2025:
1915:
1389:
1119:
793:
722:
211:
2866:
Shooting Victoria: Madness, Mayhem, and the Rebirth of the British Monarchy
918:
opened in the basement (previously the Marquee Ballroom) on 19 April 1958.
977:
677:
577:('Zemlya'), one of the last silent films before the 'talkies' took over.
530:
128:
cinema expanded to two and then three screens in the 1960s to become the
692:(also interned with Hoellering on the Isle of Man) who created original
2660:"Towards a co-operative cinema: The Work of the Academy, Oxford Street"
693:
515:
400:
132:, and closed in 1986 after operating almost continuously for 80 years.
2729:. Harvard Paperbacks Series. Gilbert, W. S. Harvard University Press.
2336:
1410:. Dictionary of Scottish Architects (2014). Accessed 29 February 2016.
65:; in later years, the Academy largely established the reputations of
2687:. Ciné-files: the French film guides. University of Illinois Press.
2427:
2425:
2423:
2166:(in French). In the same news item: Hakim had bought the rights to
894:
and Eduardo Paolozzi jazz became part of the ICA culture; and even
664:, which had been shown by The Film Society at the Academy in 1933.
298:
system, and fire is certainly considered to be next to impossible.
2444:
2190:
877:
784:
250:
238:
186:. The owner may have been the American film producer and director
163:
2837:"Diverting Time: London's Cinemas and Their Audiences, 1906–1914"
2895:
Phillips, Andrea; Sinker, Mark; Hines, Jessica (February 1997),
1039:, and the 'Princess Pascal de Bourbon'. The princess was a rich
803:
In 1948, in order to remedy the lack of initiative shown by the
404:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1331:"The American "Pleasure Park" is to be introduced into England"
1182:
International Health Exhibition, 1884 : official catalogue
563:
persuaded Hakim to let her manage the cinema, and it opened as
2932:. Exeter studies in film history. University of Exeter Press.
740:
Hoellering was approached in 1965 by the writer and filmmaker
533:
cinema. This left the Film Society without a permanent venue.
315:
100:
The basement housed a ballroom from the early 1950s where the
2817:
Je T Aime... Moi Non Plus: Franco-British Cinematic Relations
258:, composer of the full-length orchestral and choral score of
178:, one of London's first dedicated cinemas. This was an early
2702:
Donald, James; Friedberg, Anne; Marcus, Laura, eds. (1998).
817:
40 Years of Modern Art: a Selection from British Collections
104:
held jazz sessions from 1958 to 1964 with musicians such as
2973:. Komárno, Slovakia: International Research Institute sro.
2780:. Studies in Popular Culture. Manchester University Press.
28:, at the junction of Poland Street. Films (in the shape of
2008:
2006:
478:, distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer with photography by
2360:
2358:
961:. One of their 'bijou mews' conversions was featured in
2137:
2135:
1653:
1651:
1420:"Movie Theaters Designed by Gilbert & Constanduros"
2473:. Institute of Contemporary Arts. 2012. Archived from
2108:"Cinemas & Cinemagoing: Art House & Repertory"
588:
A typical press advertisement in April 1932 announced
2953:
My life: sixty years recollections of bohemian London
2535:"The NS Profile - The Institute of Contemporary Arts"
1281:. AHRB Centre for British Film and Television Studies
1269:
1267:
1541:
1539:
1537:
870:, co-founder of the ICA, wrote about the exhibition:
278:, produced as a personal project by Joseph Menchen.
2558:
2520:
2431:
1164:
1162:
2926:(1999). Kruger, Robert; Petrie, Duncan J. (eds.).
1715:The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser
1148:
1146:
2617:The Great Exhibition of 1851: A Nation on Display
1522:"Cinema programmes, inside pages, 1922 and 1926".
1152:"The Miracle at the Oxford Street Picture House".
900:began advertising in the ICA's monthly bulletin.
206:) was a director of an Anglo-American syndicate,
2814:Mazdon, Lucy; Wheatley, Catherine, eds. (2010).
2643:"The Miracle at the Oxford Street Picture House"
2446:Cataloguing the ICA’s history: an ephemeral past
1081:"The art collection of Peter Watson (1908–1956)"
796:, lent to the ICA's first exhibition in 1948 by
1547:"Mystery of bankrupt: Mr. Hakim's ready riches"
407:at the home of Claire Virenque, founder of the
2117:. BFI screenonline. Accessed 29 February 2016.
1949:. BFI Screenonline. Accessed 29 February 2016.
1610:
1429:. Cinema Treasures. Accessed 29 February 2016.
922:played their first gig there on 12 July 1962.
456:into the talking era, and in 1932 he produced
2378:"40 Years Ago: The adaptability of steelwork"
1971:
1836:Edinburgh Gazette, 11 September 1934, p. 774a
498:Plumby-Matthews ('Norma Dawn') in late 1945.
8:
1227:Owlpen Manor Estate. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
991:. A covering of uralite was applied to some
967:. The partnership was dissolved in May 1924.
882:Awning over the entrance to the Marquee Club
3036:"The Academy Cinema, Oxford Street, London"
2748:(D. Phil. dissertation). Exeter University.
1572:"Selection of guests is cause of royal row"
976:Uralite was a building material similar to
637:was founded in 1933, and the moderne-style
485:Hakim had hoped to secure the services of
124:played their first gig there in 1962. The
2705:Close up, 1927-1933: Cinema and Modernism
2349:
2310:
1031:Le Gaulois : littéraire et politique
981:
641:in Mayfair was built as a rival in 1934.
172:From at least 1906 the building housed a
2746:The Non-Fiction Film in Britain, 1945-51
2500:"André Derain 'The Pool of London' 1906"
1236:
2012:
1218:"A brief history of the Mander family".
1185:. London: William Clowes and Son, p. 88
1142:
946:
2202:
2141:
2126:
2094:
1657:
1250:"Hale's Tours and Scenes of the World"
148:, varnish and colour manufacturers of
2596:
2364:
2157:, Vol. 13 No. 1, January 1933, p. 55b
2049:
1990:WSBC: Women and Silent British Cinema
1958:
1902:
1593:
1168:
156:) was dissolved when Clarke retired.
7:
2647:The Cinema News and Property Gazette
2574:. TheMarqueeClub.net. Archived from
2468:"ICA Exhibitions List, 1948—Present"
2417:. Flickr. Accessed 29 February 2016.
1584:(Richmond, VA), 26 July 1913, p. 5e.
1299:
1153:
847:, as well as British contemporaries
409:fr:Prix de littérature spiritualiste
2799:. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
2744:Enticknap, Leo D. G. (April 1999).
1073:Watson, talking once about Klee to
536:The highbrow literary film journal
434:did well in the US, being shown by
3097:British cinema articles by quality
2967:Current Issues in Some Disciplines
2759:. University of California Press.
2684:Alphaville (Jean-Luc Godard, 1965)
2533:Hibbert, Adam (26 February 1999).
1984:Fletcher, Tony (28 October 2007).
1673:. BFI screenonline. Archived from
1531:Alamy.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
1512:Alamy.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
1469:from the original on 26 March 2016
1378:, (New Jersey), 9 July 1904 p. 1e.
658:Hungarian village of the same name
219:, who had been in the seaside and
14:
3117:1986 disestablishments in England
2572:"The Oxford St. days (1958-1964)"
2559:Phillips, Sinker & Hines 1997
2521:Phillips, Sinker & Hines 1997
2432:Phillips, Sinker & Hines 1997
1817:from the original on 8 March 2016
1756:The world film encyclopedia, 1933
1745:. BFI. Accessed 27 February 2016.
1033:(in French), 20 April 1913, p. 2b
755:a number of music videos for the
652:was the director and producer of
815:) mounted its first exhibition,
198:J. Henry Iles and Joseph Menchen
656:, a film about rural life in a
3112:1931 establishments in England
3107:1913 establishments in England
3102:1906 establishments in England
2959:. London: Eveley Nash Company.
1856:"Brandy seller gets cash back"
1697:"MGM British production plans"
1275:"Hales Tours of the World Ltd"
1156:, p. 21 , 29 January 1913
1049:Prince Pasquale, Count of Bari
781:Institute of Contemporary Arts
243:Trade press advertisement for
1:
2614:Auerbach, Jeffrey A. (1999).
1940:"Film Society, The (1925-39)"
1553:. 9 December 1945. p. 4
866:The poet and literary critic
760:
592:’s "great epic of the mines"
208:European Amusement Parks Ltd.
2884:Middleton, G. A. T. (1905).
2863:Murphy, Paul Thomas (2012).
2835:McKernan, Luke (July 2007).
2331:(1354): 624. December 1955.
1510:"Cinema programmes 1922-26".
1001:The Rolls-Royce Armoured Car
501:
466:). In 1932 he also produced
47:It re-opened in 1931 as the
20:was a cinema located at 165
3034:Gibson, Richard J. (2005).
2215:Eyles, Allen (6 May 1996).
2193:was showing at the Academy.
1884:. National Portrait Gallery
1811:, 21 September 1933, p. 20"
1790:"Hakim's Kreisler Deal Off"
1625:, 22 August 1929, cited in
1551:The Milwaukee Sentinel (WI)
1457:, 5 December 1924, p. 8919"
3133:
1882:"Sir Ernest Bruce Charles"
1611:Mazdon & Wheatley 2010
1491:14 September 1915, p. 9125
1442:, 28 July 1923, pp. 131–2.
907:
388:
2890:. London: B. T. Batsford.
2658:Coxhead, E. (June 1933).
2620:. Yale University Press.
1862:. 10 May 1946. p. 1d
1717:, 2 December 1931, p. 13c
993:Rolls-Royce Armoured Cars
989:, 17 September 1904, p. 8
175:Hale's Tours of the World
168:Entrance to a Hale's Tour
31:Hale's Tours of the World
3092:Former cinemas in London
2797:The Cinema of Fritz Lang
2795:Jensen, Paul M. (1969).
2653:(12). London: 21 . 1913.
2026:"Windmill International"
1703:: 52b. 21 November 1931.
1361:New York Dramatic Mirror
1317:London American Register
1260:(3): 372 . 15 July 1916.
1062:Sir Ernest Bruce Charles
997:Fletcher, David (2012).
987:New York Dramatic Mirror
391:Robert and Raymond Hakim
3008:Rolling with the Stones
2774:Hanson, Stuart (2007).
2408:"Academy Oxford Street"
2186:L'Atlantide (1932 film)
1630:British Films 1927-1939
1363:, 26 August 1899, p. 14
1088:The British Art Journal
1060:The judge in the case,
2753:Fell, John L. (1983).
2635:4 January 2023 at the
2388:, 1966). February 2006
2382:New Steel Construction
2217:"Ivo Jarosy: Obituary"
1986:"Elsie Cohen Homepage"
1916:"Gaumont News Theatre"
1796:, 6 April 1932, p. 10.
1636:. BFI National Library
1577:4 January 2023 at the
883:
876:
800:
792:('Quaking Chapel') by
759:in 1966 and 1967 (see
744:, who was obsessed by
329:
262:
248:
202:Iles (who later owned
169:
154:Charles Tertius Mander
2904:, ICA, archived from
2723:Ellis, James (1980).
2681:Darke, Chris (2005).
2244:. BFI. Archived from
2162:11 March 2016 at the
1841:26 March 2016 at the
1779:, 2 April 1932, p. 10
1777:Motion Picture Herald
1762:11 March 2016 at the
1741:11 March 2016 at the
1701:Motion Picture Herald
1671:"The Outsider (1931)"
1627:Wood, Linda (2009) .
1496:27 March 2016 at the
1207:, issue 27393, p. 29.
1203:26 March 2016 at the
1122:since 1908, although
955:Great Windmill Street
881:
872:
788:
337:Lady Windermere's Fan
307:Professor Humperdinck
303:Covent Garden Theatre
280:
256:Engelbert Humperdinck
254:
242:
167:
159:
3068:51.51556°N 0.13778°W
2756:Film Before Griffith
2480:on 24 September 2015
2453:6 March 2016 at the
2443:Massey, Anne (2014)
2413:8 April 2016 at the
2113:3 March 2016 at the
1945:3 March 2016 at the
1860:The Spokesman-Review
1722:7 March 2016 at the
1527:6 March 2016 at the
1425:4 March 2016 at the
1406:5 March 2016 at the
1335:Motion Picture World
1254:Motion Picture World
1223:5 March 2016 at the
957:, and the Palace in
886:By 1954, the writer
311:Professor Rheinhardt
3064: /
2929:A Paul Rotha Reader
2911:on 20 December 2016
2869:. Open Road Media.
2386:Building with Steel
2290:"Children On Trial"
731:St. Matthew Passion
727:Herbert von Karajan
569:Alexander Dovzhenko
542:, published by the
524:George Bernard Shaw
469:The Temperance Fête
459:Diamond Cut Diamond
436:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
321:the play at Olympia
3073:51.51556; -0.13778
2844:The London Journal
2820:. Berghahn Books.
2129:, pp. 51, 56.
1972:Donald et al. 1998
1489:The London Gazette
1319:: 1. 18 July 1908.
1279:The London Project
1216:Mander, Nicholas.
1196:The London Gazette
959:Seven Sisters Road
920:The Rollin' Stones
884:
801:
670:New Gallery Cinema
601:Mädchen in Uniform
512:Shaftesbury Avenue
454:Margaret Bannerman
446:. With the first,
380:The Academy cinema
288:Princess's Theatre
263:
249:
170:
141:Previous occupiers
3017:978-0-7894-8967-8
3010:. DK Publishing.
2708:. A&C Black.
2599:, pp. 36–37.
2352:, pp. 204–6.
2325:The Musical Times
2268:"The Way We Live"
2076:(1): . April 1932
1905:, pp. 184–5.
1809:The Straits Times
1596:, pp. 185–6.
1376:Ocean Grove Times
892:Elizabeth Lutyens
845:Vassily Kandinsky
811:(with offices in
709:Children On Trial
668:was shown at the
650:George Hoellering
645:George Hoellering
358:and the alluring
235:The Picture House
204:Dreamland Margate
91:George Hoellering
3124:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3021:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2983:. Archived from
2972:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2891:
2880:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2841:
2831:
2810:
2791:
2770:
2749:
2740:
2719:
2698:
2677:
2654:
2631:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2458:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2418:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2374:
2368:
2367:, pp. 83–4.
2362:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2323:"Front Matter".
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2248:on 11 March 2016
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2181:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2030:Cinema Treasures
2022:
2016:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1920:Cinema Treasures
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1733:
1727:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1677:on 11 March 2016
1667:
1661:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1449:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1417:
1411:
1401:"Horace Gilbert"
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1337:: 171. May 1907.
1327:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1198:, 3 January 1902
1192:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1131:
1130:dates from 1906.
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1004:
974:
968:
951:
861:Barbara Hepworth
853:Eduardo Paolozzi
813:Charlotte Street
718:Zéro de Conduite
690:Peter Strausfeld
584:Art-house cinema
556:Windmill Theatre
475:The Crooked Lady
452:, Hakim brought
210:, which brought
184:railway carriage
106:Johnny Dankworth
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3082:
3081:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2990:on 4 March 2016
2987:
2981:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2940:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2883:
2877:
2862:
2853:
2851:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2813:
2807:
2794:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2726:The Bab Ballads
2722:
2716:
2701:
2695:
2680:
2657:
2641:
2637:Wayback Machine
2628:
2613:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2578:on 7 March 2016
2570:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2455:Wayback Machine
2442:
2438:
2430:
2421:
2415:Wayback Machine
2406:Photo album at
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2288:
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2283:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2175:
2164:Wayback Machine
2152:
2148:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2115:Wayback Machine
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2052:, pp. 186.
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1961:, pp. 185.
1957:
1953:
1947:Wayback Machine
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1843:Wayback Machine
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1764:Wayback Machine
1753:
1749:
1743:Wayback Machine
1734:
1730:
1724:Wayback Machine
1712:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1579:Wayback Machine
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1529:Wayback Machine
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1498:Wayback Machine
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1427:Wayback Machine
1418:
1414:
1408:Wayback Machine
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1369:
1358:
1354:
1350:, 29 April 1922
1346:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1225:Wayback Machine
1215:
1211:
1205:Wayback Machine
1193:
1189:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1083:
1079:Clark, Adrian.
1078:
1075:Stephen Spender
1072:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1009:, photo p. 13.
996:
975:
971:
952:
948:
938:
931:20 Frith Street
928:
912:
906:
790:Bebende Kapelle
783:
778:
769:
746:Jean-Luc Godard
742:Peter Whitehead
729:conducting the
701:The Way We Live
647:
586:
552:
508:Gaumont British
504:
502:'Unusual films'
464:Blame the Woman
397:
387:
382:
319:] produced
237:
225:Johnstown Flood
200:
180:virtual reality
162:
146:Mander Brothers
143:
138:
79:Jean-Luc Godard
12:
11:
5:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3048:
3047:
3029:
3028:External links
3026:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3000:
2979:
2961:
2944:
2938:
2920:
2892:
2881:
2875:
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2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2589:
2563:
2551:
2525:
2513:
2502:. Tate Gallery
2491:
2459:
2436:
2419:
2399:
2369:
2354:
2350:Enticknap 1999
2342:
2315:
2313:, p. 216.
2311:Enticknap 1999
2303:
2281:
2259:
2233:
2207:
2195:
2146:
2131:
2119:
2106:Eyles, Allen.
2099:
2087:
2054:
2042:
2017:
2015:, p. 109.
2002:
1976:
1974:, p. 324.
1963:
1951:
1932:
1907:
1895:
1873:
1847:
1828:
1798:
1782:
1768:
1747:
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1706:
1688:
1662:
1647:
1615:
1598:
1586:
1582:Times-Dispatch
1564:
1533:
1514:
1502:
1480:
1455:London Gazette
1444:
1431:
1412:
1393:
1381:
1367:
1352:
1340:
1322:
1304:
1302:, p. 125.
1292:
1263:
1241:
1239:, p. 129.
1229:
1209:
1187:
1173:
1158:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1128:Pool of London
1105:
1066:
1053:
1045:morganatically
1037:bishop of Nice
1022:
1015:
982:Middleton 1905
969:
945:
944:
943:
942:
937:
934:
927:
924:
908:Main article:
905:
902:
857:Victor Pasmore
829:Pierre Bonnard
825:Pierre Matisse
821:Roland Penrose
782:
779:
777:
774:
768:
765:
757:Rolling Stones
646:
643:
607:Mutter Krausen
585:
582:
551:
548:
503:
500:
491:Passion Hunger
487:Fritz Kreisler
449:Two White Arms
444:Adolphe Menjou
386:
383:
381:
378:
369:The Sea Urchin
364:Yellow Fingers
352:John Barrymore
236:
233:
217:Joseph Menchen
199:
196:
161:
158:
142:
139:
137:
136:Cinema history
134:
122:Rolling Stones
67:Ingmar Bergman
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3110:
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2980:9788089691012
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2939:9780859896269
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2827:9781845458553
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2806:9780498074158
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2798:
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2789:
2787:9780719069451
2783:
2779:
2778:
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2766:9780520047587
2762:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2747:
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2738:
2736:9780674058019
2732:
2728:
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2707:
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2700:
2696:
2694:9780252030888
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2672:(2). London:
2671:
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2627:9780300080070
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2555:
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2540:
2539:New Statesman
2536:
2529:
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2208:
2205:, p. 57.
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Ciné Magazine
2150:
2147:
2144:, p. 56.
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2097:, p. 78.
2096:
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1660:, p. 93.
1659:
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1613:, p. 20.
1612:
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1255:
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1242:
1238:
1237:McKernan 2007
1233:
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1219:
1213:
1210:
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1199:
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1046:
1042:
1041:demi-mondaine
1038:
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