31:
1771:
1781:
454:
Fungal yeast forms are inconsistently stained with Acid-fast stain which is considered a narrow spectrum stain for fungi. In a study on acid-fastness of fungi, 60% of blastomyces and 47% of histoplasma showed positive cytoplasmic staining of the yeast-like cells, and
Cryptococcus or candida did not
111:
Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using standard microbiological techniques, though they can be stained using concentrated dyes, particularly when the staining process is combined with heat. Some, such as
247:
Very few structures are acid-fast; this makes staining for acid-fastness particularly useful in diagnosis. The following are notable examples of structures which are acid-fast or modified acid-fast:
69:
procedures. Once stained as part of a sample, these organisms can resist the acid and/or ethanol-based decolorization procedures common in many staining protocols, hence the name
689:
449:" stain irregularly with ZN stain but emanate bright red fluorescence under green light, and can aid detection in moderately heavy backgrounds or with scarce hooklets.
120:, but they do not take the crystal violet well and thus appear light purple, which can still potentially result in an incorrect gram negative identification.
2116:
102:, which is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. Some bacteria may also be partially acid-fast, such as
803:
2193:
1171:
832:
756:
1477:
1217:
1185:
910:
717:"PROPOSAL OF A SIMPLIFIED TECHNIQUE FOR STAINING BACTERIAL SPORES WITHOUT APPLYING HEAT – SUCCESSFUL MODIFICATION OF MOELLER'S METHOD"
520:
1817:
1123:
1467:
1394:
127:, in which the acid-fast species are stained bright red and stand out clearly against a blue background. Another method is the
1919:
716:
536:
Reynolds, Jackie; Moyes, Rita B.; Breakwell, Donald P. (November 2009). "Differential staining of bacteria: acid fast stain".
1591:
1322:
693:
359:
30:
1710:
2011:
2148:
2178:
2052:
1158:
Wages ds, Wear dJ. acid-fastness of fungi in blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1982; 106:440-41.
191:
2252:
1432:
35:
2198:
225:
2061:
1586:
1509:
1472:
1268:
1175:
231:
140:
1986:
152:
124:
409:
131:, in which the bacteria are stained bright red and stand out clearly against a green background. Acid-fast
2221:
1662:
1581:
1560:
1210:
986:"Demonstration of Isospora belli by acid-fast stain in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome"
785:
394:
2153:
2028:
1702:
1344:
236:
2090:
2056:
213:
2071:
1810:
1784:
1542:
1417:
1400:
1238:
655:
306:
218:
76:
The mechanisms of acid-fastness vary by species although the most well-known example is in the genus
1846:
1667:
1552:
1547:
1440:
1410:
1263:
1248:
811:
342:
2188:
1697:
1596:
1405:
1317:
1310:
840:
565:
937:"Techniques for the recovery and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stool specimens"
208:
2262:
2257:
2205:
2040:
1914:
1909:
1774:
1637:
1603:
1570:
1427:
1422:
1380:
1327:
1203:
1105:
1056:
1015:
966:
892:
731:
671:
592:
557:
549:
516:
490:
764:
610:
2168:
2066:
1489:
1365:
1300:
1095:
1087:
1046:
1005:
997:
956:
948:
882:
874:
663:
541:
482:
352:
198:
164:
1182:
914:
2048:
1803:
1715:
1614:
1499:
1375:
1305:
1258:
1189:
429:
1074:
Clavel A, Varea M, Doiz O, LĂłpez L, QuĂlez J, Castillo FJ, Rubio C, GĂłmez-Lus R (1999).
659:
2076:
2004:
1995:
1969:
1370:
1334:
442:
402:
374:
363:
176:
168:
54:
1010:
985:
961:
936:
887:
862:
163:
For color blind people (or in backgrounds where detecting red bacteria is difficult),
2246:
2163:
2138:
2106:
1990:
1965:
1889:
1724:
1609:
1565:
1537:
1528:
1518:
1494:
1390:
1134:
1100:
1075:
435:
273:
185:
158:
128:
78:
1795:
1091:
636:
Dorner, W. 1926. Un procédé simple pour la colouration des spores. Le Lait 6:8–12.
569:
545:
2183:
2143:
2126:
1901:
1754:
1739:
1619:
1360:
1278:
1226:
715:
M. Hayama; K. Oana; T. Kozakai; S. Umeda; J. Fujimoto; H. Ota; Y. Kawakami (2007).
314:
287:
252:
95:
83:
58:
2121:
1001:
952:
17:
2231:
2173:
2158:
2021:
1864:
1838:
1642:
1051:
1034:
667:
422:
299:
282:
172:
2226:
2081:
2016:
1960:
1942:
1749:
1734:
1652:
1385:
136:
123:
The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is the
117:
646:
Schaeffer AB, Fulton M (1933). "A simplified method of staining endospores".
627:
Theory and
Practice of Histological Techniques, John D Bancroft, 6th ed, p314
553:
1937:
1884:
1874:
1744:
1575:
1533:
1445:
1339:
387:
336:
99:
51:
1109:
735:
675:
596:
561:
494:
1060:
1019:
970:
896:
295:(weakly acid-fast; resists decolorization with weaker acid concentrations)
276:(especially some aerobic ones) with mycolic acid in their cell wall (note
1999:
1974:
1952:
1879:
1869:
1826:
1253:
1230:
1195:
878:
104:
66:
47:
2131:
2111:
1929:
1683:
1647:
1283:
321:
87:
486:
1729:
1484:
1076:"Visualization of hydatid elements: comparison of several techniques"
473:
Madison B (2001). "Application of stains in clinical microbiology".
1856:
1657:
455:
stain, and very rare staining was seen in
Coccidioides endospores.
330:
29:
1834:
62:
1799:
1199:
1033:
Ortega YR, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Cama VA, DĂaz F (May 1993).
182:
Various bacterial spore staining techniques using Kenyon e.g.
935:
Garcia LS, Bruckner DA, Brewer TC, Shimizu RY (July 1983).
27:
Physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells
984:
Ng E, Markell EK, Fleming RL, Fried M (September 1984).
1035:"Cyclospora species—a new protozoan pathogen of humans"
190:
Dorner's method (acid alcohol decolorizer) without the
179:, and the rest of the Kinyoun technique can be used.
61:, specifically their resistance to decolorization by
2214:
2099:
2039:
1951:
1928:
1900:
1855:
1833:
1696:
1676:
1628:
1517:
1508:
1460:
1353:
1291:
1277:
1237:
786:"Fite-Faraco Staining Protocol for Leprosy Bacilli"
1811:
1211:
863:"Safer staining method for acid fast bacilli"
197:Detergent method, using Tergitol 7, nonionic
82:, which includes the species responsible for
8:
911:"Histology Lab: STAIN FOR ACID FAST BACILLI"
175:can be used as the counter stain instead of
1818:
1804:
1796:
1514:
1288:
1218:
1204:
1196:
1099:
1050:
1009:
960:
886:
506:
504:
861:Ellis, R. C.; Zabrowarny, L. A. (1993).
465:
439:eggs don't (can be used to distinguish)
2117:Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain
358:Neurons in layer 5 of cerebral cortex
280:do NOT have); not to be confused with
390:parasites in faecal matter, such as:
7:
1780:
724:European Journal of Medical Research
286:, which is a non-acid-fast genus of
155:(classic and modified bleach types)
2194:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
194:modification (decolorize by water)
147:Some acid-fast staining techniques
46:is a physical property of certain
25:
1827:Microbial and histological stains
538:Current Protocols in Microbiology
371:Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in
348:Certain cellular inclusions e.g.
139:using specific fluorescent dyes (
1779:
1770:
1769:
611:"Acid fast / Auramine-rhodamine"
1468:Bacterial cellular morphologies
1092:10.1128/JCM.37.5.1561-1563.1999
546:10.1002/9780471729259.mca03hs15
39:(stained red) in tissue (blue).
511:Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004).
360:neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
1:
1183:Ellis & Zabrowarny method
1002:10.1128/JCM.20.3.384-386.1984
953:10.1128/JCM.18.1.185-190.1983
867:Journal of Clinical Pathology
692:. 1 June 2012. Archived from
515:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
513:Sherris Medical Microbiology
243:Notable acid-fast structures
1052:10.1056/NEJM199305063281804
668:10.1126/science.77.1990.194
540:. Appendix 3: Appendix 3H.
2279:
1920:Periodic acid–Schiff stain
1711:Bacteria (classifications)
1433:Primary nutritional groups
804:"Stainsfile – Fite Faraco"
690:"Endospore Stain Protocol"
226:Ellis and Zabrowarny stain
135:can also be visualized by
116:, can be stained with the
36:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1765:
1124:"Dako Products – Agilent"
228:(no phenol/carbolic acid)
2062:Light Green SF yellowish
2053:Masson's trichrome stain
2012:Auramine–rhodamine stain
1587:Bacterial outer membrane
1166:Online protocol examples
833:"Stainsfile – Wade Fite"
232:Auramine-rhodamine stain
141:auramine-rhodamine stain
418:A few other parasites:
410:Cyclospora cayetanensis
167:can be substituted for
137:fluorescence microscopy
90:. The acid-fastness of
59:sub-cellular structures
2179:Schaeffer–Fulton stain
2149:Gömöri trichrome stain
1582:Gram-negative bacteria
1561:Gram-positive bacteria
395:Cryptosporidium parvum
335:Bacterial spores, see
201:surfactants type NP-7
40:
2154:Luxol fast blue stain
2029:Auramine phenol stain
1437:Substrate preference
615:Pathologyoutlines.com
237:Auramine phenol stain
33:
2199:Warthin–Starry stain
2072:Phosphomolybdic acid
1418:Microbial metabolism
879:10.1136/jcp.46.6.559
445:, especially their "
433:eggs stain well but
2215:Tissue stainability
1987:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
1847:Perls Prussian blue
1668:Non-motile bacteria
1264:Pathogenic bacteria
757:"Stainsfile – Fite"
660:1933Sci....77..194S
343:Legionella micdadei
153:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
125:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
94:is due to the high
2189:Bielschowsky stain
2091:Van Gieson's stain
2057:Lillie's trichrome
1597:Lipopolysaccharide
1188:2006-01-04 at the
990:J. Clin. Microbiol
941:J. Clin. Microbiol
583:Abe C (2003). "".
379:Bismuth poisoning.
65:during laboratory
57:, as well as some
41:
2253:Acid-fast bacilli
2240:
2239:
2041:Connective tissue
1793:
1792:
1692:
1691:
1638:Bacterial capsule
1604:Periplasmic space
1571:Lipoteichoic acid
1456:
1455:
1428:Microbial ecology
1423:Nitrogen fixation
1192:for staining AFB.
487:10.1080/714028138
475:Biotech Histochem
310:(an actinomycete)
214:Fite-Faraco stain
98:content of their
18:Acid-fast bacilli
16:(Redirected from
2270:
2067:Biebrich scarlet
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1721:Former groupings
1515:
1366:Human microbiome
1289:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1133:. Archived from
1128:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1080:J Clin Microbiol
1071:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1013:
981:
975:
974:
964:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
913:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
890:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
839:. Archived from
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
810:. Archived from
800:
794:
793:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
763:. Archived from
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
721:
712:
706:
705:
703:
701:
686:
680:
679:
643:
637:
634:
628:
625:
619:
618:
607:
601:
600:
580:
574:
573:
533:
527:
526:
508:
499:
498:
470:
386:Oocysts of some
353:inclusion bodies
199:polyglycol ether
192:Schaeffer–Fulton
186:Moeller's method
143:, for example).
21:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2210:
2095:
2049:trichrome stain
2035:
1947:
1924:
1896:
1851:
1829:
1824:
1794:
1789:
1761:
1716:Bacterial phyla
1700:
1688:
1672:
1630:
1624:
1615:Arabinogalactan
1520:
1504:
1452:
1349:
1293:
1281:
1273:
1259:Lysogenic cycle
1240:
1233:
1224:
1190:Wayback Machine
1168:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1140:on 4 March 2016
1137:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1045:(18): 1308–12.
1039:N. Engl. J. Med
1032:
1031:
1027:
983:
982:
978:
934:
933:
929:
920:
918:
909:
908:
904:
860:
859:
855:
846:
844:
837:stainsfile.info
831:
830:
826:
817:
815:
808:stainsfile.info
802:
801:
797:
784:
783:
779:
770:
768:
761:stainsfile.info
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
719:
714:
713:
709:
699:
697:
688:
687:
683:
645:
644:
640:
635:
631:
626:
622:
609:
608:
604:
582:
581:
577:
535:
534:
530:
523:
510:
509:
502:
472:
471:
467:
462:
430:Taenia saginata
257:M. tuberculosis
245:
219:Wade Fite stain
149:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2206:Wright's stain
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2077:Fast Green FCF
2074:
2069:
2064:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2005:Methylene blue
2002:
1996:Carbol fuchsin
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1970:Gentian violet
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1473:cell structure
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:Saccharophilic
1443:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:Microaerophile
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1179:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1115:
1066:
1025:
976:
927:
902:
873:(6): 559–560.
853:
824:
795:
777:
748:
730:(8): 356–359.
707:
696:on 1 June 2012
681:
638:
629:
620:
602:
575:
528:
521:
500:
464:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
452:
451:
450:
440:
426:
416:
415:
414:
406:
403:Isospora belli
399:
384:
383:
382:
381:
380:
377:
375:Lead poisoning
369:
368:
367:
364:Batten disease
346:
339:
333:
327:
326:
325:
318:
311:
303:
296:
271:
244:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
223:
222:
221:
216:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
195:
188:
177:methylene blue
169:carbol fuchsin
161:
156:
148:
145:
129:Kinyoun method
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2275:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Movat's stain
2167:
2165:
2164:Moeller stain
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Janus Green B
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:H&E stain
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Cresyl violet
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:Kinyoun stain
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:Methyl violet
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1902:Carbohydrates
1899:
1891:
1890:Sudan Black B
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1786:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Schizomycetes
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Teichoic acid
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:Peptidoglycan
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Cell membrane
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:Ziehl–Neelsen
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:(5): 1561–3.
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
977:
972:
968:
963:
958:
954:
950:
947:(1): 185–90.
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
917:on 2006-01-04
916:
912:
906:
903:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
854:
843:on 2011-11-18
842:
838:
834:
828:
825:
814:on 2011-11-18
813:
809:
805:
799:
796:
791:
787:
781:
778:
767:on 2011-11-18
766:
762:
758:
752:
749:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
711:
708:
695:
691:
685:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
654:(1990): 194.
653:
649:
642:
639:
633:
630:
624:
621:
616:
612:
606:
603:
598:
594:
591:(8): 541–51.
590:
586:
579:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
532:
529:
524:
522:0-8385-8529-9
518:
514:
507:
505:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:(3): 119–25.
480:
476:
469:
466:
459:
453:
448:
444:
443:Hydatid cysts
441:
438:
437:
436:Taenia solium
432:
431:
427:
425:
424:
420:
419:
417:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:
400:
397:
396:
392:
391:
389:
385:
378:
376:
373:
372:
370:
365:
361:
357:
356:
354:
350:
349:
347:
345:
344:
340:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
319:
317:
316:
312:
309:
308:
304:
302:
301:
297:
294:
291:
290:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:Actinomycetes
272:
270:
269:Mycobacterium
267:and atypical
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
248:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
200:
196:
193:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Victoria blue
162:
160:
159:Kinyoun stain
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
109:
107:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:
79:Mycobacterium
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
44:Acid-fastness
38:
37:
32:
19:
2232:Chromophobic
2184:Silver stain
2144:Giemsa stain
2127:Haematoxylin
1981:
1755:Mendosicutes
1740:Gracilicutes
1720:
1620:Mycolic acid
1610:Mycobacteria
1608:
1580:
1559:
1495:Coccobacilli
1395:in pregnancy
1361:Extremophile
1345:Aerotolerant
1279:Biochemistry
1241:microbiology
1227:Microbiology
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1130:
1118:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1042:
1038:
1028:
996:(3): 384–6.
993:
989:
979:
944:
940:
930:
919:. Retrieved
915:the original
905:
870:
866:
856:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
836:
827:
816:. Retrieved
812:the original
807:
798:
790:Ihcworld.com
789:
780:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
760:
751:
739:. Retrieved
727:
723:
710:
698:. Retrieved
694:the original
684:
651:
647:
641:
632:
623:
614:
605:
588:
584:
578:
537:
531:
512:
478:
474:
468:
446:
434:
428:
421:
408:
401:
393:
351:Cytoplasmic
341:
320:
315:Tsukamurella
313:
305:
298:
292:
288:actinomycete
281:
278:Streptomyces
277:
268:
265:M. smegmatis
264:
260:
256:
253:mycobacteria
246:
133:Mycobacteria
132:
122:
114:Mycobacteria
113:
110:
103:
96:mycolic acid
92:Mycobacteria
91:
84:tuberculosis
77:
75:
70:
43:
42:
34:
2222:Acidophilic
2174:Neutral red
2159:Methyl blue
2022:Rhodamine B
1915:Mucicarmine
1910:Alcian blue
1865:Sudan stain
1839:hemosiderin
1643:Slime layer
1323:Facultative
1311:Facultative
423:Sarcocystis
300:Rhodococcus
283:Actinomyces
173:picric acid
2247:Categories
2227:Basophilic
2082:Sirius Red
2017:Auramine O
1961:Gram stain
1943:Thioflavin
1750:Mollicutes
1745:Firmicutes
1735:Prokaryota
1653:Glycocalyx
1478:plasticity
1441:Lipophilic
1294:preference
1269:Resistance
1181:Alternate
1174:protocol (
1144:3 December
921:2006-03-11
847:2012-06-28
818:2012-06-28
771:2012-06-28
460:References
209:Fite stain
118:Gram stain
100:cell walls
52:eukaryotic
1982:Acid-fast
1938:Congo red
1885:Oil Red O
1875:Sudan III
1703:evolution
1677:Composite
1576:Endospore
1534:Cell wall
1510:Structure
1401:Placental
1340:Nanaerobe
1318:Anaerobic
1249:Infection
554:1934-8533
388:coccidian
337:Endospore
261:M. leprae
71:acid-fast
48:bacterial
2263:Staining
2258:Bacteria
2000:Fuchsine
1975:Safranin
1953:Bacteria
1880:Sudan IV
1870:Sudan II
1775:Category
1698:Taxonomy
1631:envelope
1521:envelope
1411:Salivary
1328:Obligate
1306:Obligate
1254:Exotoxin
1231:Bacteria
1186:Archived
1178:format).
1131:Dako.com
1110:10203521
736:17933713
676:17741261
597:14509226
570:45685776
562:19885935
495:11475314
447:hooklets
355:seen in
329:Head of
307:Gordonia
293:Nocardia
105:Nocardia
67:staining
2132:Eosin Y
2112:Cyanine
1930:Amyloid
1785:Commons
1684:Biofilm
1663:Fimbria
1648:S-layer
1629:Outside
1490:Bacilli
1406:Uterine
1391:Vaginal
1301:Aerobic
1284:ecology
1239:Medical
1061:8469253
1020:6208216
971:6193138
897:7687254
741:7 March
700:7 March
656:Bibcode
648:Science
585:Kekkaku
322:Dietzia
88:leprosy
1857:Lipids
1730:Monera
1500:Spiral
1292:Oxygen
1108:
1098:
1059:
1018:
1011:271334
1008:
969:
962:270765
959:
895:
888:501296
885:
734:
674:
595:
568:
560:
552:
519:
493:
2100:Other
1658:Pilus
1612:only:
1592:Porin
1584:only:
1563:only:
1485:Cocci
1461:Shape
1381:Mouth
1354:Other
1138:(PDF)
1127:(PDF)
1101:84828
720:(PDF)
566:S2CID
331:sperm
63:acids
55:cells
1835:Iron
1701:and
1519:Cell
1386:Skin
1376:Lung
1282:and
1146:2018
1106:PMID
1057:PMID
1016:PMID
967:PMID
893:PMID
743:2022
732:PMID
702:2022
672:PMID
593:PMID
558:PMID
550:ISSN
517:ISBN
491:PMID
251:All
171:and
86:and
50:and
1553:DAP
1548:NAG
1543:NAM
1371:Gut
1176:PDF
1096:PMC
1088:doi
1047:doi
1043:328
1006:PMC
998:doi
957:PMC
949:doi
883:PMC
875:doi
664:doi
542:doi
483:doi
2249::
2051::
1723::
1536::
1229::
1129:.
1104:.
1094:.
1084:37
1082:.
1078:.
1055:.
1041:.
1037:.
1014:.
1004:.
994:20
992:.
988:.
965:.
955:.
945:18
943:.
939:.
891:.
881:.
871:46
869:.
865:.
835:.
806:.
788:.
759:.
728:12
726:.
722:.
670:.
662:.
652:77
650:.
613:.
589:78
587:.
564:.
556:.
548:.
503:^
489:.
479:76
477:.
366:).
263:,
259:,
255:–
108:.
73:.
2055:/
1998:/
1989:/
1968:/
1837:/
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1393:(
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1112:.
1090::
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1049::
1022:.
1000::
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951::
924:.
899:.
877::
850:.
821:.
792:.
774:.
745:.
704:.
678:.
666::
658::
617:.
599:.
572:.
544::
525:.
497:.
485::
413:.
398:,
362:(
20:)
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